WO2001089314A1 - Method for the processing of plant material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the processing of plant material, whereby all components of the plant material are separated.

Description

 Process for processing plant material

The invention relates to a method for processing plant material, wherein all components of the plant material are separated.

Traditionally, vegetable material is dried in countercurrent using hot air after cutting at up to 900 ° C to produce a feed. This is disadvantageous, since it destroys almost all proteins in the plant material and requires a lot of energy to dry.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for processing vegetable material which is as gentle and inexpensive as possible.

The solution to the problem is a method for processing plant material, comprising the steps:

(a) harvesting the plant material,

(b) squeezing the plant material to obtain a press cake and plant juice,

(c) separating the plant juice obtained in step (b) into a polymer-rich (rieh juice) and a polymer-poor juice,

(d) heating the polymer-rich juice obtained in step (c), whereby a conglomerate of proteins and a supernatant are obtained,

(e) separating the conglomerate obtained in step (d) from the supernatant,

(f) separating at least one further protein from the supernatant obtained after step (e) and

(g) separating the low-polymer juice obtained in step (c), thereby obtaining phytominerals and "vicious water".

Another solution is a feed, obtainable by (a) harvesting vegetable matter, (b) grinding and squeezing the vegetable matter to obtain a press cake and vegetable juice, and (c) separating the press cake obtained in step (b). The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 1.

Figure 1 shows a flow diagram of the method according to the invention.

As shown in Figure 1, alfalfa was harvested. The plant material thus obtained can then be heated to a temperature for inducing the production of stress proteins (HSP) in the plant material from 38 ° C. to 40 ° C. The alfalfa was then compressed and cooled. The plant material made of compressed alfalfa was then transferred to a hammer mill, with which the stems of the alfalfa plants were separated from their leaves and shredded. Then the shredded material was further ground in a mill and pressed with the separation of alfalfa juice and a press cake.

The alfalfa juice was separated in a cross-flow ultrafiltration system (cross-flow ultra filtration) into a polymer-rich alfalfa juice and a polymer-poor alfalfa juice.

The polymer-rich alfalfa juice was heated, resulting in a protein conglomerate, which, when the plant material was heated to induce stress protein production, comprised a stress protein conglomerate. The protein conglomerate was separated from the liquid phase. The liquid phase was then applied to a gel and eluted, whereby a protein, optionally a stress protein with a molecular weight of 65000 (HSP65), was obtained.

The polymer-poor alfalfa juice was separated into a dilute aqueous phase and a phytomineral-rich phase by means of reverse osmosis.

The dilute aqueous phase can be used as "invigorating water". This water is very healthy for living things because it comes from plants.

From 1000 kg of alfalfa, which contains about 200 g of stress proteins, 400-600 kg of presscake, for example, containing about <= 120 g of stress proteins, 400-600 liters of juice, containing about <= 80 g of stress proteins and 3-5 liters of polymer-rich, for example Juice are obtained from which further stress proteins, in particular HSP65, can be isolated. Table 1 also shows in table form the working steps of the process according to the invention and the yields obtained in the process. Table 2 shows a production sequence of the method according to the invention.

The press cake or the feed according to the invention is well suited for feeding animals, since it still contains a large number of proteins from the plant material which have not been destroyed by excessive heating.

An advantage of the method according to the invention is that none of the constituents of the vegetable material is discarded, thus making optimal use of the vegetable material possible.

Arbeitsschrittθ

Harvest 30 sec heat treatment => speed harvested area at harvest width

Yield / ha harvest:

Yield calculation:

Enrichment factor potential degree of yield yield

Throughput Calculations:

Input 1 176 kg alfalfa

Hammer mill share stem

1000 leaves 176.5 kg stem

Schneckenmuhle Input 1000 residual moisture

t FuMi

t FuMi

Cross-flow ultra filtration input

Proportion of rich juice output

Heating + Filtration Input 3 kg

Percentage 1.67% HSP in Rieh Juice

Yield 60.0%

Output 0.03 kg HSP kg HSP

Table 2

Wochen pro Jahr 20Processing limit in to / h days per week 5 weeks per month 4 production hours / day

Weeks per year 20

Production per day per week per month per year

Harvester runtime of the machine 5.23 26, 14 104.58 522.88

Input alfalfa 75.29 376.47 1505.88 7529.411

Hammer mill trunks 1 1, 29 56.47 225.88 1 129.41

output

Sheets 64.00 320.00 1280.00 6400.00

Input sheets 64.00 320.00 1280.00 6400.00

Schneckenmühlθ Cake 28.80 144.00 576.00 2880.00

output

Juice 35.20 176.00 704.00 3520.00

Input juice 35.20 176.00 704.00 3520.00

Cross-flow ultra-filtration residual juice 35.01 175.04 700, 16 3500.80

output

Rich juice 0, 19 0.96 3.84 19.20

Input rich juice 0, 19 0.96 3.84 19.20

Heating + filtration

Output HSP in kg 1, 92 9.60 38.40 192.00 |

HSP in kg 1, 92 9.60 38.40 192.00

FuMi in tons 40.09

Outputs 200.47 801, 88 4009.41

Phytominerals in kg 64.00 320.00 1280.00 6400.00

Vicious Water in hecto-liters 349.44 1747.20 6988.80 34944.00

Claims

claims 1. A method of preparing plant material comprising the steps of: (a) harvesting the plant material, (b) squeezing the plant material, thereby obtaining a press cake and plant juice, (c) separating the plant juice obtained in step (b) into a polymer-rich and a polymer-poor juice, (d) heating the polymer-rich juice obtained in step (c), whereby a conglomerate of proteins and a supernatant are obtained, (e) separating the conglomerate obtained in step (d) from the supernatant, (f) separating at least one further protein from the supernatant obtained after step (e) and (g) separating the polymer-poor juice obtained in step (c), whereby phytominerals and "revitalizing water" are obtained. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetable material is compacted and / or cooled before step (b). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vegetable material before step (b) is separated into (I) leaves and (II) stalks and stems. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the separation takes place before step (b) with a hammer mill. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the vegetable material is heat-treated before, during and / or after step (a). 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a stress protein with a molecular weight of 65 kDa is separated in step (f). 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the separation in step (c) and / or step (g) takes place through a membrane. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the separation by a membrane in step (c) and / or step (g) is carried out by ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the separation in step (f) is carried out by a separating gel. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the vegetable material contains plants selected from the group consisting of alfalfa, soybeans, grass, cereals and mixtures thereof. 11. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the separated stalks and stems (II) are combined with the press cake obtained in step (a), whereby a feed is obtained. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a preservative is added to the feed. 13. Feed, available through (a) harvesting vegetable matter, (b) grinding and squeezing the vegetable material, whereby a press cake and vegetable juice are obtained and (c) separating the press cake obtained in step (b). 14. Feed according to claim 13, wherein the vegetable material is separated into leaves (I) and stalks and stems (II) after harvesting, the leaves are used in step (b) and the stalks and stems are reunited with the press cake. 15. Use of the press cake obtained in step (b) of the method according to one of claims 1 to 12 as animal feed.