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WO2001084203A1 - Cable contenant des elements de transmission optiques et procede permettant de le produire - Google Patents

Cable contenant des elements de transmission optiques et procede permettant de le produire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001084203A1
WO2001084203A1 PCT/DE2001/001368 DE0101368W WO0184203A1 WO 2001084203 A1 WO2001084203 A1 WO 2001084203A1 DE 0101368 W DE0101368 W DE 0101368W WO 0184203 A1 WO0184203 A1 WO 0184203A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
central element
ribbon
cable
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2001/001368
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Stingl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SCC Special Communication Cables GmbH and Co KG
Corning Research and Development Corp
Original Assignee
SCC Special Communication Cables GmbH and Co KG
CCS Technology Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SCC Special Communication Cables GmbH and Co KG, CCS Technology Inc filed Critical SCC Special Communication Cables GmbH and Co KG
Priority to US10/258,764 priority Critical patent/US6895150B2/en
Priority to JP2001581171A priority patent/JP3908538B2/ja
Publication of WO2001084203A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001084203A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4407—Optical cables with internal fluted support member
    • G02B6/4408—Groove structures in support members to decrease or harmonise transmission losses in ribbon cables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
    • G02B6/449—Twisting
    • G02B6/4491—Twisting in a lobe structure

Definitions

  • the chamber cable which was developed more than 30 years ago, is characterized in particular by its high tensile and transverse compressive strength and, despite the large number of optical fibers that are protected in the chambers of the central element, by its compact design.
  • Optical cables of this type are described, for example, in US 5,517,591 and US 5,199,094.
  • An essential component of the chamber cable is the cylindrical central element, on the jacket of which several, each open to the outside, side by side, in the form of a helix or spiral, possibly with a periodically changing direction of rotation.
  • Methods for producing such a central element are known, for example, from US 4,997,258 and US 5,380,472.
  • the invention relates to a cable containing optical transmission elements with a central element and optical waveguide tapes arranged in chambers of the central element.
  • the invention also relates to a process for producing egg ⁇ nes such a cable.
  • optical transmission elements consisting of a glass core (refractive index n ⁇ ), a glass cladding (refractive index n M ⁇ n ⁇ ) and a single or multi-layer
  • LWL optical fibers
  • typically 8 - 16 LWL are mechanically combined into a ribbon and several of these ribbons are stacked in a stack one above the other in a chamber of the central element.
  • the torsion imposed on the fiber optic ribbons induces restoring forces which ensure that the fiber optic ribbons in the chamber take a preferred direction. Because of the alignment of the fiber optic tapes in the chamber, the cable also has two distinct main axes with different bending behavior. This has the following disadvantages:
  • An object of the invention is to provide a cable containing optical transmission elements, in particular an SZ stranded chamber cable, with an improved bending behavior with regard to signal attenuation.
  • the components of the cable should be coordinated or interact in such a way that the cable has approximately the same flexibility in all bending directions.
  • a cable containing an optical transmission element with the following features: it has a central element extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cable, the central element having at least one chamber open to the outside and the chamber rotating helically or helically on the outside of the central element with a periodically changing direction of rotation;
  • LWL tapes arranged in a stack on top of one another in the chamber serve as transmission elements, with the SZ stranding impressed on the LWL tapes by the course of the chamber being additionally superimposed with a lay-flat cord;
  • a single or multi-layer jacket envelops the central element.
  • a method for producing a cable containing optical transmission elements comprises performing the following steps:
  • central element wherein the central element has at least one chamber open to the outside and the chamber on the outside of the central element .
  • the cable has no pronounced main axes with different bending behavior
  • the length of the sections under tension always corresponds to the length of the sections under compression or compression; - During the bending of the cable there is no spontaneous rearrangement of the fiber optic ribbons in the chamber.
  • Figure 1 central elements with different chamber courses, which imprint the inserted fiber optic cables with an equal lay (S) stranding ( Figure la), an alternate lay (SZ) stranding ( Figure lb) and an equal lay (Z) stranding ;
  • Figure 2 shows the projection of a selected chamber on the
  • FIG. 3 shows the projection of the chamber shown in FIG. 2 onto the cross-sectional area of the central element, and the two orthogonal bending axes;
  • FIG. 4 shows the graph of the Bessel function J 0 ( ⁇ o / 2) of zero order and its zeros corresponding to the ideal reversal angles ⁇ 0 ;
  • FIG. 5 shows the spatial dependence of the curvature of the space curve connecting the center points of the chamber along the longitudinal cable axis;
  • FIG. 6 shows the position dependence of the radius of curvature corresponding to FIG. 5 along the longitudinal axis of the cable
  • FIG. 7 shows the projection of the curvature vector of the space curve connecting the center points of the chamber onto the cross-sectional area of the central element at different points on the longitudinal axis of the cable between adjacent reversal points;
  • FIG. 8 shows the position dependency of the angle enclosed by the curvature vector and the radial unit vector at different points on the longitudinal axis of the cable between adjacent reversal points
  • Figure 9 shows an optical fiber ribbon in cross section
  • FIG. 10 shows a cross section of a plurality of fiber optic tapes combined into a stack
  • Figure 11 shows the position of the ribbon stack within the chamber, at different positions between adjacent ones
  • FIG. 12 shows the thrust and elongation energy building up in the SZ-stranded fiber optic tapes of the stack when the central element bends around the y-axis as a function of the bending radius;
  • FIG. 13 shows the position of the ribbon stack within the chamber before and after the central element has been bent about the x-axis
  • FIG. 14 shows the thrust and expansion energy building up in the SZ-stranded fiber optic tapes of the stack when the central element bends around the x-axis as a function of the bending radius
  • FIG. 15 the stretched ribbon stack and the ribbon stack twisted by the angle 2 ⁇ per SZ lay length S about its longitudinal axis;
  • FIG. 16 shows the position of the SZ stranded and additionally twisted ribbon stack around its longitudinal axis within the chamber at various points on the longitudinal axis of the cable between adjacent reversal points, if the ribbon stack runs in rotated (FIG. 16a) or straight in (FIG. 16b);
  • FIG. 17 shows the fiber optic tapes of the stack stranded in the SZ and additionally twisted about their longitudinal axis when the central element bends around the y-axis as a function of the bending radius as a function of the bending radius;
  • FIG. 18 shows the fiber optic tapes of the stack stranded in the SZ and additionally twisted about their longitudinal axis when the central element bends around the x-axis as a function of the bending radius;
  • FIG. 19 the ribbon drain and the insertion tool of a line for the production of an SZ stranded chamber cable with an additional lay
  • Figure 20 shows an embodiment of a chamber cable in cross section
  • Figure 21 shows the spatial course of the SZ-stranded and with an additional lay-flat stranding (torsion around 2 ⁇ / S) provided ribbon stack between adjacent reversal points.
  • the course of the chambers in the central element determines the type of stranding of the optical fiber ribbons inserted into the chambers and following the chamber strand. In principle, a distinction is made between an equal lay stranding (S or Z stranding) and the so-called alternate strand stranding (SZ stranding).
  • the central elements ZE causing a corresponding stranding of the optical fiber ribbon are shown in perspective in FIG. 1.
  • the 8 chambers K, for example, of the cylindrical central element ZE shown in FIG. 1a each describe a left-turning helix or spiral progressing in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cable, i.e.
  • the longitudinal axis of the central element ZE (S-stranding of the optical fiber tapes), the chambers K of the in FIG lc shown central element ZE also a helix or spiral progressing in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cable, but clockwise rotating (Z-stranding of the fiber optic ribbon).
  • the chambers K In order to subject the fiber optic tapes to SZ stranding, the chambers K must have the approximately harmonic shape (sine or cosine) shown in FIG. 1b on the periphery of the cylindrical central element ZE.
  • This comparison run arises from the fact that one wech the direction of rotation of the helix, for example, after a number N of revolutions ⁇ selt, the direction of rotation for the following N-rounds maintains continue to again with the original direction of rotation.
  • On the lateral surface of the central element ZE thus follow "S- stranded" and "Z-stranded" portions ( "Helicals") peri ⁇ dically each other. There is a transition area referred to as a "reversal" between adjacent, "equilibrium-stranded" sections.
  • a cylindrical coordinate system is suitable for the mathematical description of the course of the chamber.
  • the x-axis defining the zero point of the coordinate system advantageously runs through the center of the chamber cross-section K H , SO assigned to the helical, so that the chamber cross-sections K R and K R > assigned to the reversal points are symmetrical to the x-axis.
  • the longitudinal axis of the central element ZE forms the z-axis of the coordinate system.
  • the so-called reversal angle ⁇ 0 is less than 360 °, that is to say the left-hand rotating chamber strand does not run completely on the lateral surface of the central element ZE between successive reversal points.
  • the space curve connecting the chamber center points is thus determined ⁇ dimensionally in z.
  • the reverse angle ⁇ 0 describes the azimuthal spacing of the neighboring be ⁇ reversal points associated chamber cross sections and K R K R - in the xy plane.
  • the bending of the central element ZE shown in cross section in FIG. 3 about the x-axis is considered as the bending axis.
  • the length of the stranding curve is proportionately the same on the positive and the negative section of the y-axis, so that the length of the fiber sections under compression corresponds to the length of the fiber sections under tension.
  • equation (3) can be transformed into a determination equation for the ideal reversal angle ⁇ 0 .
  • the integral corresponds to the Bessel function J 0 ( ⁇ o / 2) 0th order, the zeros of which correspond to the ideal reversal angles sought.
  • FIG. 4 shows the value of the integral I ( ⁇ o) calculated by numerical integration for reversal angles in the range 0 ° ⁇ o ⁇ 1200 °.
  • both the curvature and the radius of curvature of the space curves describing the respective course of the chamber are constant and the direction of curvature, ie the vector of the curve normal in the direction of the center of curvature, is always directed inwards onto the longitudinal axis of the central element ZE (S or Z stranding). This distinguishes them fundamentally from the spatial curve associated with the course of the "SZ stranded" central element ZE and described by the tip of the vector T, the curvature, radius of curvature and direction of curvature of which each have a positional dependence.
  • the curvature is at a maximum in the flip range, and the radius of curvature is therefore minimal.
  • the situation is exactly the opposite, i.e. the curvature passes through a minimum there, while the radius of curvature takes a maximum value.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows the projection of the curvature vector k, also derived from the above parameterization and representing the direction of curvature, at different points on the z-axis onto the cross section of the central element ZE. It can be seen that the curvature vector k is directed tangentially outwards at the reversal points, but is directed radially inwards in the equilibrium area. If the angle ⁇ enclosed by the curvature vector k and the radial unit vector e r is plotted as a function of the z coordinate, the function ⁇ (z) shown in FIG. 8 is obtained.
  • the positional dependence of the curvature and the direction of curvature given by the course of the chamber in the central element ZE is also the light-guiding part of the introduced into the chamber Subjected to cables. If this is a single fiber optic consisting of a glass core, a glass jacket and a usually multi-layer protective cover (coating), the tortuous course of the chamber presents no problems. Due to its great flexibility and radial symmetry, the FO can follow the stranding curve very easily.
  • the fiber ribbon LB shown in cross section in FIG. 9 shows a completely different behavior in this respect, which comprises, for example, 16 optical fibers LWL1-LWLn aligned with respect to their longitudinal axes and mechanically held together by a plastic jacket BC.
  • the LWL ribbon LB has two main axes with different bending behavior, whereby the so-called weak bending axis (easy bendability of the ribbon) is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ribbon and lies in the plane spanned by the ribbon LB; and the rigid bending axis (difficult bendability of the ribbon), which is vertical both on the longitudinal axis of the ribbon and on the weak bending axis. If such a ribbon LB is placed in a chamber having the curve given above, a very complex state of tension is built up in the ribbon LB.
  • the ribbon stack BS shown in cross section in FIG. 10 shows a behavior similar to the ribbon LB. In the shown
  • the stack BS also has two main axes with different bending stiffness.
  • the weak bending axis is designated J, the rigid bending axis 1.
  • the light-guiding elements are turned into a sufficiently large, free rotation of the Fiber optic ribbon LBi chamber inserted. Due to their stiffness, the fiber optic tapes LBi perform a backward rotation in the chamber, which counteracts the torsion that is forced on them by the course of the chamber about the longitudinal axis of the tapes. This reverse rotation leads to a preferred alignment of the ribbons Lbi in the chamber such that the rigid bending axis of the ribbons LBi points approximately in the direction of the y-axis in the selected coordinate system. As shown in FIG.
  • the ribbon stack BS on the helical consequently “stands” vertically in the chamber, while it assumes a more “lying” position at the two adjacent reversal points. Because of this reverse rotation, only the middle ribbon LB (ribbon No. 3) of the stack BS has the ideal reversal angle ⁇ o. The reverse angle is larger for the ribbon no. 1 and 2, but smaller for the ribbon no. 4 and 5 than the ideal value. As already explained above, the two outer ribbons (ribbon No. 1/2 and No. 4/5) are not completely stranded in this configuration, that is to say they are subject to compressive and tensile loads that increase damping in the event of a bending of the cable ,
  • FIG. 12 shows the sum of the thrust and expansion energy depending on the bending radius when the central element ZE bends around the y-axis in the individual ribbons LBi. Due to the incomplete stranding, the top and bottom ribbons (ribbons No. 1 and 5) are strongest in the BS stack, while the middle ribbon (ribbon No. 3) is the least stressed.
  • Ribbon LBi starting from the situation shown in the left part of FIG. 13, finally that in the right part of FIG Figure 13 shows a position within the chamber at the adjacent reversal points and the intermediate helical.
  • the disadvantages described above are due to the reverse rotation behavior of the ribbon LB and the resulting preferred alignment of the ribbon stack BS in the chamber.
  • the preferred orientation can be canceled by superimposing a lay-up strand on the torsion (SZ stranding) impressed on the ribbon LB by the course of the chamber.
  • SZ stranding torsion
  • the latter can be generated by an additional, synchronous rotation of the ribbon stack BS about its longitudinal axis, the angle of rotation being 2 ⁇ per SZ lay length S.
  • the ribbon stack BS is arranged on the helicals in each case in the chamber K in such a way that the weak bending axis k of the stack BS or the ribbon LBi and the x-axis of the coordinate system defined at the beginning run parallel or the weak bending axis k of the stack BS stands vertically on the plane defined by the chamber floor (the pel BS "lies" on the helical in the chamber; see Figure 16a).
  • Ribbon Lbi and the x-axis run parallel (the stack "stands” on the helical in the chamber; compare FIG. 16b).
  • the two types of insertion do not differ in terms of the type of torsion that causes the additional impact about the longitudinal axis of the stack, but only in terms of the orientation of the ribbon stack BS within the chamber on the helicals. 16, however, it can immediately be seen that all of the tapes Lbi of the stack BS only have the ideal reversal angle ⁇ 0 when the stack BS is "rotated".
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 show the energy diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 12 and 14 for a twisted-in, SZ-stranded and additionally twisted around its longitudinal axis (2 ⁇ per lay length S), a stack of tapes BS, FIG. 17 showing the load on the tapes LBi during a bend of the central element ZE about the y-axis and FIG. 18 again documents the loading of the ribbon LBi when the central element ZE bends around the x-axis. All the model parameters relevant for the calculation of the energy levels remained unchanged except for the lay-up stranding superimposed on the SZ stranding.
  • the preferred alignment of the ribbons LB in the chamber K can be canceled by means of a flat lay stranding superimposed on the SZ stranding.
  • the device for producing an SZ-stranded chamber cable which is known, for example, from [3] and is described there in detail, must be modified. Since the modification only affects the ribbon flow and the insertion tool commonly referred to as a "finger", the remaining components and elements of the production line can be disregarded below.
  • ⁇ supply reel VS1 - withdrawn VS5 ribbon LBI - LB5 are closer together, possibly in a guide tube is threaded and an elongated finger F with, for example, O-shaped or circular cross-section arranged in a stack BS in the corresponding chamber K of the central element ZE inserted (see the enlarged detail in the right part of Figure 19).
  • the central element ZE and the tensile strength of the cable ensuring steel rope ⁇ S move in this case at the constant line or draw-off speed v L along the z-axis.
  • the steel cable S, the central element ZE, the finger F and the ribbon drain indicated by the double arrows, a harmonic vibration in the stranding angle ⁇ 0 around the z-axis.
  • the central element ZE is still covered with a so-called swelling tile or a covering and then provided with a single or multi-layer plastic jacket made of PE or PP.
  • the swelling tile should seal the chambers K to the outside if water penetrates the cable core through the damaged jacket. The tile also prevents the water from spreading inside the cable.
  • the cable OK produced with such a method can, for example, consist of a tensile and / or compressive element S (steel cable, glass fiber reinforced plastic rod, ARP (Ara id Reinforced Plastics) rod) embedded in a plastic matrix KM, a spoke-shaped one , six chambers K PE central element ZE, one
  • a tensile and / or compressive element S steel cable, glass fiber reinforced plastic rod, ARP (Ara id Reinforced Plastics) rod
  • ARP Ara id Reinforced Plastics
  • the dimensions of the Chambers K must be dimensioned so that the ribbon stack BS can rotate freely in its chamber K.
  • the chamber K can in particular have a trapezoidal but also an approximately circular cross section.
  • the rotating stack of tapes BS then describes the space curve shown in FIG. 21, predetermined by the course of the chamber in the central element ZE, between adjacent reversal points.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, un constituant essentiel du câble de chambre à câblage SZ est l'élément central cylindrique (ZE) sur l'enveloppe extérieure duquel plusieurs chambres ouvertes vers l'extérieur tournent les unes à côté des autres, en spirale avec un sens de rotation alterné périodiquement. Les bandes à fibres optiques (LB) disposées dans la chambre (K) en pile, les unes sur les autres, adoptent de part leurs propriétés de flexion, une orientation préférée de sorte que le câble présente deux axes principaux marqués à comportement différencié en flexion. Les inconvénients qui y sont liés (par ex. forte sollicitation mécanique des bandes à fibres optiques de la pile, situées à l'extérieur) peuvent être palliés, du fait que l'on superpose un autre câblage Lang au câblage SZ imprimé aux bandes à fibres optiques par le cours de la chambre. Le câblage Lang est obtenu par torsion synchrone des bandes à fibres optiques autour de leur axe longitudinal, l'angle de torsion étant de 360 DEG par pas de câblage SZ.
PCT/DE2001/001368 2000-04-28 2001-04-06 Cable contenant des elements de transmission optiques et procede permettant de le produire Ceased WO2001084203A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/258,764 US6895150B2 (en) 2000-04-28 2001-04-06 Cable containing optical transmission elements and method for the production thereof
JP2001581171A JP3908538B2 (ja) 2000-04-28 2001-04-06 光学的伝送素子を含むケーブルおよびその製造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10020912A DE10020912A1 (de) 2000-04-28 2000-04-28 Optische Übertragungselemente enthaltendes Kabel und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE10020912.2 2000-04-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001084203A1 true WO2001084203A1 (fr) 2001-11-08

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PCT/DE2001/001368 Ceased WO2001084203A1 (fr) 2000-04-28 2001-04-06 Cable contenant des elements de transmission optiques et procede permettant de le produire

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6895150B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP3908538B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE10020912A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001084203A1 (fr)

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US10843290B2 (en) 2015-01-19 2020-11-24 Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc Acoustically enhanced optical cables
CN105893662B (zh) * 2016-03-30 2019-09-06 济南大学 四方八股编织钢丝绳力学建模方法
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CN108061951B (zh) * 2018-01-12 2023-09-22 西安西古光通信有限公司 一种骨架式光纤带光缆
US11450454B1 (en) * 2018-07-20 2022-09-20 Southwire Company, Llc Oscillating fluted outer covering for reduced wind drag
EP3800492B1 (fr) * 2018-09-11 2023-03-22 Fujikura Ltd. Câble à fibres optiques
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CN110924930A (zh) * 2019-12-03 2020-03-27 山东希尔电缆有限公司 分布式光纤探测用智能化试井钢丝
CA3194886A1 (fr) 2020-10-05 2022-04-14 Bradley Jerome Blazer Cable optique a sous-unites de transport de fibre routable toronnees sz
CN113156600B (zh) * 2021-04-29 2022-07-05 杭州富通通信技术股份有限公司 一种带缆
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CN110662992B (zh) * 2017-12-19 2021-04-20 株式会社藤仓 光纤线缆
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6895150B2 (en) 2005-05-17
JP2003532155A (ja) 2003-10-28
DE10020912A1 (de) 2001-10-31
JP3908538B2 (ja) 2007-04-25
US20030099447A1 (en) 2003-05-29

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