WO2001079060A1 - Jet propulsion device for watercraft - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a jet propulsion device (114) for watercraft, comprising a drive housing (130) through which an admission channel (116) extends that has an inlet opening (120) disposed below the water level (118) for admission of water. Said water is enriched with energy by means of propulsion energy, thereby producing a propulsion water jet that is ejected into the surrounding water via an outlet opening (122) provided on the opposite end of the admission channel (116). Inside the admission channel (116) through which the water flows a plurality of sources supplying pressurized propulsion water are connected and propulsion water jet nozzles (128) are disposed. Said jet nozzles are substantially oriented in the direction of flow of the admission channel (116) and are disposed in the zone of the interior wall of the admission channel (116) off-set with respect to one another in the peripheral direction of the admission channel. The admission channel (116), at least in a partial area thereof, has the form of a jet nozzle (126) widening towards the outlet. The propulsion water jet nozzles (128) are disposed either upstream of or in the area of the smallest admission cross-section of the jet nozzle (126).

Description

 Beam drive device for watercraft

The invention relates to a jet drive device for watercraft with a drive housing, which is penetrated by a passage channel, which has an inlet opening arranged below the water level for the entry of water, which is enriched with energy by a drive device and thus generates a drive water jet, which is directed into the surrounding water via an outlet opening provided at the opposite end of the through-channel.

Such jet drives for watercraft are known, the configuration being such that at least one channel provided in the hull and through which water can flow is provided, in which a drive element is provided in the form of a motor-driven pump impeller which opens out into the hull Inlet sucks in water and ejects it through an outlet in the form of a directed jet. Since the entire drive unit is arranged within the hull, watercraft equipped with such jet drives are particularly suitable for use in very shallow waters, so that the risk of contact with the ground and thus damage to the drive screw is eliminated with normal screw drives. Through the inlet of the Parts that are sucked in through the passage, such as flotsam, stones, water plants, etc. However, damage to the pump impeller provided for generating the drive water jet is not completely excluded from the outset.

In order to ensure sufficient propulsion energy for the propulsion of the watercraft, a propulsion water flow of sufficient throughput quantity and the largest possible cross section must be generated. The passage cross section of the

Passage channel or - if necessary - the passage channels must therefore be dimensioned as large as possible within the scope of the spatial possibilities specified by the hull, so that the drive element, i.e. the pump impeller to be arranged in the through-channel has a corresponding one

Diameter must have. This limits the speed of the pump impeller with regard to the risk of cavitation occurring in the radially outer regions of the impeller blades and the resulting damage. This requires either the use of a drive motor with a correspondingly low output speed and thus in relation to a given output of high construction volume and weight or - in the case of using a drive motor of lower construction volume and weight with higher speed - the arrangement of a speed-reducing reduction gear between the drive motor and impeller.

In contrast, the invention is based on the object of providing a jet drive device for watercraft which enables efficient and economical use in all types of watercraft with a reduced risk of damage to the drive, while at the same time minimizing the construction volume and thus the weight of the components of the Drive is sought. Starting from a jet drive device of the type mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved according to the invention in that in the passage channel through which the water flows, a plurality of sources connected to a pressurized propellant water and essentially directed in the flow direction of the passage channel, in the region the propellant water jet nozzles which are provided on the inner wall of the through-channel and are offset from one another in the circumferential direction of the through-channel. The drive water jet is therefore not generated by a mechanical pump impeller, but according to the principle of the jet pump by several jet water jets directed by staggered propellant jet nozzles. The possibility of damaging sensitive mechanical components of the drive is therefore eliminated. A volume flow of the motive water jet nozzles in the order of 1/10 of the drive water jet is sufficient to generate sufficient propulsion energy.

The passage channel is expediently formed at least in a partial area in the form of a jet nozzle which widens towards the outlet, the propellant water jet nozzles then being arranged in front of or in the area of the smallest passage cross section of the jet nozzle.

It has proven to be particularly expedient if the motive water jet nozzles are directed into the passage channel in such a way that the emerging motive water jets are directed slightly obliquely from the immediately adjacent wall of the passage channel to the central longitudinal axis of the passage channel. This avoids direct exposure and thus friction between the motive water jets and the wall, so that the entire kinetic energy contained in the motive water jets is used to generate the drive water jet. It can then be advantageous if the motive water jet nozzles are directed into the passage channel in such a way that the emerging propellant Water jets with respect to the direction of flow running parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the passage with a component directed in the circumferential direction of the passage channel emerge obliquely into the passage channel. The entirety of the motive water jets emerging from the jet nozzles then geometrically forms the envelope surface of a hyperboloid.

In order to obtain the highest possible efficiency of the transmission of the energy contained in the propellant water jets to the drive water jet, it can also be advantageous if several propellant water jet nozzles are arranged at different radial distances from the central longitudinal axis of the passage , in turn are grouped in the circumferential direction to each other offset jet nozzle groups.

Alternatively, instead of such radial jet nozzle groups, propellant water jet nozzles can also be provided, which have the shape of slot or gap nozzles oriented radially to the central longitudinal axis of the passage channel.

This makes it possible to use at least one motor-driven pump as the drive device for the source supplying motive water, which pump is or are connected on the suction side to an inlet arranged below the water level and on the pressure side to the motive water jet nozzles. It is then possible to design the pump (s) as a centrifugal pump (s) which, owing to the low volume flow compared to the drive water jet, can be formed quickly and thus has a low volume and weight, and directly, ie without Interposition of a reduction gear with a small drive motor with a correspondingly high speed level can be coupled. Alternatively, the pump or pumps can also be designed as a volumetric displacement pump (s), preferably a piston pump (s).

In both cases, the inlet for the pump (s) is expediently aligned in the forward direction of the watercraft to be driven, as a result of which suction-side flow losses in the pump inlet are counteracted when the watercraft is driven.

The drive housing penetrated by the passage channel and the drive devices can either be arranged in the interior of the watercraft to be driven, in accordance with the known jet drive devices, only the inlet opening in and the outlet opening from the passage channel breaking through the wall of the hull of the watercraft.

Alternatively, the drive housing penetrated by the passage channel can also be arranged in a gondola-like manner outside and at a distance from the hull of the watercraft on its wall.

The pump (s) is then expediently integrated in the drive housing. Alternatively, the pump with the drive motor can also be assembled to form a motor-pump unit which is removed from the drive housing, the pump outlet then being connected to the motive water jet nozzles by lines.

The drive housing is then expediently held on the watercraft such that it can be rotated about an essentially vertical axis relative to the hull of the watercraft, so that the direction of the drive water jet with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the watercraft can be changed, and thus the directional control of the watercraft by rotating the drive housing relative to the hull of the watercraft is borrowed. Separate control devices, such as rudder blades or the like, can then be omitted. An embodiment of the drive device can then be implemented, in which an elongated shaft is provided on the upper side of the drive housing and a drive motor is provided on the upper end facing away from the drive housing and is connected to the pump or pumps via a shaft passing through the shaft , The arrangement of the drive device is then expediently carried out in that the shaft is rotatably mounted on the hull, preferably at the stern of the watercraft. This then makes a drive device of the so-called outboard drive type possible, which can replace the known screw-driven outboard drives of sports boats, or also the outboard drives for sailboats referred to as so-called "slackers". The shaft of such a drive device is then expediently designed with an optimized cross-sectional profile in relation to the direction of advance with respect to the flow resistance.

Either an electric motor or an internal combustion engine can be provided as the motor drive for the pump (s).

In an advantageous development, the jet drive device according to the invention can also be used for a motor-driven towing carriage for divers. Then, for such a drag carriage, a configuration is recommended in which an engine-pump unit and an energy source supplying the drive energy for the motor are arranged in an elongated housing, an inlet opening connected to the inlet of the pump at the forward end of the housing in the driving direction a jet drive device is arranged in the front end region of the housing on opposite sides, each having at least one motive water jet nozzle connected to the outlet of the pump. sen, and in which in the rear end of the housing graspable drag handles with actuating elements are provided for independent control of the motive water flows conveyed by the pump to the propellant jet nozzles. For this case, an electric motor is expediently used as the drive motor, which does not require any oxygen to be taken from the ambient atmosphere for its operation, in which case the energy source is preferably formed by at least one rechargeable electrical accumulator. Alternatively, a fuel cell can also be used.

The jet drive device designed in the manner according to the invention is particularly suitable as a drive for submersible boats, but also for non-diving water vehicles. The configuration can then advantageously be made such that at least one drive housing of the drive device is arranged in front of the fuselage in the area of the stern and / or the bow and that the pump delivering the pressurized motive water to the motive water jet nozzles in the drive housings and their drive motor are arranged in the hull of the watercraft, the outlet of the pump being connected to the motive water jet nozzles via lines.

The inlet of the pump is then expediently connected to an inlet line which opens into the bow of the hull of the watercraft.

The maneuverability of the watercraft, in particular if it is a submersible, can then be ensured in that at least some of the drive housings of the jet propulsion devices arranged in front of the hull are held on the hull so that they can be changed with respect to their direction of flow to the longitudinal central axis of the hull. If the jet drive device according to the invention is provided as an auxiliary drive for sailing vehicles, it can also be integrated on or in the rudder blade of a sailboat, the configuration then preferably being such that the drive housing of the jet drive device (s) is essentially parallel to the water level Alignment is arranged on or in the rudder blade and the motive water jet nozzles opening into the drive housing are connected to the pump driven by the drive motor and arranged within the hull of the associated watercraft.

The invention is explained in more detail in the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing, which shows:

Figure 1 is a partially broken side view of a boat, in which a first embodiment of a jet drive device according to the invention is shown schematically.

2a shows a schematic illustration of a second exemplary embodiment of the beam according to the invention designed in the manner of an outboard drive.

Drive device;

2b shows a sectional view through the upper region of the shaft of the jet drive device in the viewing direction illustrated by the arrows 2b-2b in a schematic representation;

2c the cross-sectional profile of the drive housing with the motor pump Unit connecting shaft in the lower region in the sectional plane illustrated by the arrows 2c-2c in Figure 2a;

3 shows a horizontal longitudinal central section through a motor-driven towing carriage for divers with two jet drive devices designed in the manner according to the invention;

4 shows a schematic view of an underwater vehicle, for the drive of which a number of jet drive devices are provided which are designed in the manner according to the invention and are each shown cut in the horizontal longitudinal central section;

5a shows a side view of a rotor blade for a sailboat with a jet drive device, shown in the vertical longitudinal central section and designed in the manner according to the invention;

5b is a sectional view through the rudder blade, viewed in the direction of arrows 5b-5b in FIG. 5a;

6a shows a further development of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2a; and

6b is a view of the further developed embodiment, seen in the direction of arrow 6b in FIG. 6a. 1 schematically shows a boat designated as a whole as 10, in the boat hull 12 of which a first exemplary embodiment 14 of a jet drive device according to the invention is installed.

The jet propulsion device 14 has an elongated passage channel 16 which runs in the interior of the fuselage and which at its front end in the direction of travel has an opening in the fuselage floor, i.e. below the water level 18, has an opening 20, through which water can enter the passage 16. On the opposite, i.e. in the direction of the rear end, the passage channel 16 - again below the water level 18 - opens into an outlet opening 22 in the stern 24 of the hull 12.

In order to generate a water jet that propels the boat and is expelled from the outlet opening 22, a drive device is provided in the central region of the passage channel 16, which has a cross-sectional tapering and at the passage openings of the

Water again continuously expanding jet nozzle 26, in front of the inlet-side area near the nozzle wall in the circumferential direction offset from each other a number of driving water jet nozzles 28 open, which are directed essentially into the water passage opening and to lines provided outside the wall 30 of the passage channel 32 are connected.

The exact arrangement and orientation of the fresh water jet nozzles 28 with respect to the jet nozzle 26 is explained below in connection with the further exemplary embodiments.

The ring line 32 is fed by a pump 36, which is only shown schematically, for example a high-speed centrifugal pump, with motive water under increased pressure, which in the case shown is supplied by a pump is sucked in before the inlet opening 20 in the ship's hull suction line 38.

The pump 36 is directly coupled to a motor 40, also shown only schematically, whose abrasion speed thus corresponds to the drive speed of the pump 36. Either an internal combustion engine or an electric motor powered by electrical energy - not shown - electric batteries or fuel cells can be used as the motor 40.

FIG. 2a schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of a jet drive device 114 according to the invention that can be used as an outboard drive. The passage channel 116 provided within a drive housing 130 is practically shaped as a whole in the manner of a jet nozzle 126 and in turn has propellant water jet nozzles 128, which are fed by a centrifugal pump 136 and are thus directed into the passage channel 116 formed by the jet nozzle 126, that the emerging motive water jets emerge from the immediately adjacent wall of the through-channel slightly obliquely to its central longitudinal axis and additionally with a slight component directed in the circumferential direction. The drive housing 130 is rigidly connected via a vertical shaft 142 to a motor-pump unit provided at the upper end of the shaft and formed by the centrifugal pump 136 with a flanged motor 140. The output of the motor 140 is thus connected to the impeller of the centrifugal pump 136, which draws in water via a suction line 144 which opens at the top of the drive housing 130 and points in the opening area in the drive direction and conveys it via a line 138 to the motive water jet nozzles 128.

The drive device 114 is arranged in the intended working position on the stern of a boat to be driven such that the drive housing 130 and part of the Shaft 142 is below the water level 118. When the centrifugal pump 136 is driven by the motor 140, water is sucked in via the inlet line 144, the pressure is increased and it is expelled into the passage duct 116 via the motive water jet nozzles 128. Energy is transferred from the motive water jets directed out of the motive water jet nozzles 128 to the water located in the passage duct 116 and a propulsion water jet arises - directed to the right in the drawing - which, as a reaction, forms the fuselage of the jet propulsion device 114 provided boots accelerated in the direction of advance, ie to the left in the drawing. It is then advisable to hold the jet drive device 114 - in accordance with the known outboard drives - rotatable about the vertical axis at the stern of the boat hull so that the drive water jet emerging into the surrounding water is oriented in relation to the boat hull adjust and thus be able to control the direction of the boat by pivoting the device 114. For this purpose, the centrifugal pump 136 is arranged within an upper section of the shaft 142 which is cylindrical in cross section and which is rotatably held in a sleeve 143 fastened to the stern of the driven boat. A lever-like handle 146 protruding from the motor 140 allows the motor-pump unit and thus the entire drive device 114 to be rotated. The rotatable mounting of the upper cylindrical section of the shaft 142 in the sleeve 143 is illustrated in FIG. 2b.

By aerodynamically profiling the shaft 142 in the manner illustrated in FIG. 2c in the lower region of the shaft, the resistance of the part of the shaft 142 located below the water level 118 is reduced. It is clear that the jet drive device 114 must be arranged at the stern of a boat hull in such a way that the inflow-side inlet of the jet nozzle 126 is underneath. t to ooo

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In the propellant water, which is accelerated in the pump, to the jet nozzles 128 leading to the jet nozzles 128, regulating members 158 such as flaps, valves etc. can be provided, which connect the flow cross-section to the actuating members on the drag handles 156 by means of a connection only shown schematically by broken lines 160 which and thus allow the amount of motive water flowing through in the lines 132 to be changed.

Figure 4 shows an application of the jet drive for a

Submersible boat 164 by a plurality of jet propulsion devices designed in the manner according to the invention. The submersible 164 is provided with a plurality of drive housings 130 projecting from the outside of its hull 166 with jet nozzles 126, in the case shown five such drive housings, of which two on the opposite side in the area of the bow and three from the hull in the area of the stern are arranged in front. A motor-pump unit 168 is arranged in the fuselage which, apart from the naturally higher drive and pumping power required, may correspond to the motor-pump unit 136, 140 described above in connection with the immersion sled 48. The water drawn in by the pump of the motor-pump unit 168 via the inlet line 144 is conveyed by the pump under increased pressure via the dash-dotted lines 170 to the motive water jet nozzles 128 into the jet nozzles 126. If the drive housings 130 with the jet nozzles 126 are held on the hull so as to be variable or all of their flow direction relative to the longitudinal central axis of the hull 166 of the submersible 164, the jet nozzles can simultaneously serve for directional control and the submersible.

FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate an application of the principle of driving a watercraft by means of a jet drive device according to the invention, in which a drive housing 130 with a jet nozzle 126 in the rudder blade L) to to I- ¹

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are provided, the mouth of different radial spacing motive water jet nozzles each being arranged in groups on the rear side directed into the interior of the jet nozzle 126 of fin-like or fin-like radial projections 127 of the wall of the jet nozzle 126 which are of streamlined cross-section.

Instead of a plurality of driving water jet nozzles 128, which are offset radially from one another, a radially running narrow slot or gap nozzle can also be provided in each radial projection 127.

Claims

Expectations 1. Jet drive device (14; 114) for watercraft with a drive housing (30 130), which by a Passage channel (16; 116) is penetrated, which has an inlet opening (20; 120) arranged under the water level (18; 118) for the access of water, which is enriched with energy by a drive device and thus generates a drive water jet which is discharged into the surrounding water via an outlet opening (22; 122) provided at the opposite end of the through-channel (16 116), characterized in that in the through-channel (16; 116) through which water flows, several sources connected to a pressurized propellant water are connected and motive water jet nozzles (28; 128) which are directed essentially in the flow direction of the passage channel (16; 116), are provided in the region of the inner wall of the passage channel (16; 116) and are offset from one another in the circumferential direction of the passage channel. 2. Jet drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that the passage channel (16; 116) has at least in a partial area the shape of a jet nozzle (26; 126) widening towards the outlet, and that the propellant water jet nozzles (28 ; 128) are arranged in front of or in the area of the smallest passage cross section of the jet nozzle (26; 126). 3. Jet drive device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the driving water jet nozzles (128) are directed into the through-channel that the emerging driving-water jets from the immediately adjacent wall of the through-channel (116) easily are directed obliquely to the central longitudinal axis of the passage. 4. Jet drive device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the driving water jet nozzles (128) are directed into the passage channel (116) such that the emerging driving water jets with respect to flow directions running parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the passage Exit at an angle into the passage channel (116) with a component directed in the circumferential direction of the passage channel. 5. Jet drive device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in each case a plurality of motive water jet nozzles (128) are arranged at different radial distances from the central longitudinal axis of the passage channel (116), which in turn are offset in the circumferential direction from one another. are quantified. 6. jet drive device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the driving water jet nozzles (128) have the shape of radially aligned to the central longitudinal axis of the passage channel, elongated slot or gap nozzles. 7. Jet drive device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drive device for the propellant supply source has at least one motor-driven pump (36; 136), the suction side with an below the water level (18; 118) arranged inlet and is connected on the pressure side to the motive water jet nozzle (s) (28; 128). 8. jet drive device according to claim 7, characterized in that the pump (s) (36; 136) is designed as a centrifugal pump (s). 9. jet drive device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pump (s) (36; 136) as a volumetric displacement pump (s), preferably piston pump (s), is or are formed. 10. Jet drive device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the inlet for the pump (s) (36; 136) is aligned in the direction of propulsion of the watercraft (10) to be driven. 11. Jet drive device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the through-passage (16) through which the drive housing (30) and the drive device are arranged inside the watercraft (10) to be driven, only the inlet opening (20 ) into and the outlet opening (22) from the passage channel (16) break through the wall of the hull of the watercraft (10). 12. Jet drive device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the drive housing (130) penetrated by the passage channel is arranged outside and at a distance from the hull of the watercraft (10) on the wall thereof. 13. Jet drive device according to one of claims 6 to 8 and claim 10, characterized in that the pump (s) (136) in the drive housing (130) is built in or are. 14. Jet drive device according to one of claims 7 to 9 and claim 12, characterized in that the pump (s) (136) with the drive motor (140) are assembled to form a motor-pump unit which is removed from the drive housing (130), and that the pump outlet with the Driving water jet nozzles (28; 128) is connected by lines. 15. jet drive device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the drive housing (130) relative to the hull (12) of the watercraft (10) is rotatably supported on the watercraft (10) about a substantially vertical axis. 16. Jet drive device according to one of claims 14 and 15, characterized in that on the top of the drive housing (130) an elongated shaft (142) and at the upper end facing away from the drive housing, a drive motor (140) is provided, which via a the shaft passing through the shaft is connected to the pump (136) or pumps. 17. Jet drive device according to claim 13 and 15, characterized in that on the top of the drive housing (130) an elongated shaft (142) and on the upper end facing away from the drive housing, the motor-pump unit (140, 136) is provided. 18. Jet drive device according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the shaft (142) is rotatably supported on the hull (12) of the watercraft (10). 19. Jet drive device according to one of claims 16 or 17 and claim 18, characterized in that the shaft (142), at least in its area immersed under the water level, has a cross-sectional profile that is optimized with respect to the flow resistance with respect to the direction of advance of the drive device. 20. Beam drive device according to one of claims 7 to 19, characterized in that as a motor Drive for the pump (s) (36; 136) an internal combustion engine is provided. 21. Beam driving device according to one of claims 7 to 19, characterized in that as a motor Drive for the pump (s) (36; 136) an internal combustion engine is provided. 22. motor-driven drag carriage (148) for dew rather with a jet drive device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in an elongated housing (150) a motor-pump unit (140; 136) and one Drive energy for the motor supplying energy source are arranged in such a way that an inlet opening connected to the inlet of the pump (136) is provided at the front end of the housing (150) in the forward direction, and in the front end region of the housing (150) there is a jet nozzle on opposite sides (126) is arranged, each of which has propellant water jets (128) connected to the outlet of the pump (136), and that in the rear end of the housing (150), drag handles (156) with actuating elements for independent control of the from the pump (136) to the motive water jet nozzles (128) conveyed motive water flows are provided. 23. Drag carriage according to claim 22, characterized in that the drive motor (140) is an electric motor. 24. Drag carriage according to claim 23, characterized in that the energy source is formed by at least one rechargeable electrical accumulator (154). 25.Watercraft, in particular submersible, which by jet propulsion device according to one of the claims ^ o 1 CQ 4 ^ ß 1 _^ 1 KO X 1 1 CQ Φ CQ <* ß: Ω 40 1 1 0 ^• t 1 -H s cn rt ß 4H H φ rH O _^ CQ SH p © - SH J Φ i rH rH X ε P * - X vo 4- ⁾ H 4J 1 tH ^• H Φ N CQ 40 fl O 0 Cfl SH φ CQ φ υ > -F Eπ ß • H ε Φ LD CQ Φ X Φ CQ X! Φ rH CQ φ SH g X ^• FP tn tn rH! CQ 1 CQ ß ü rH 40 CQ CQ Φ ß • H = Φ PC; ß ~ - - tH υ φ rH -HX -F Φ Φ rt Φ -F H xi Φ X! Φ i XNPX Φ rH i X! 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