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WO2001063976A1 - Lamp failure and insulation alarm system - Google Patents

Lamp failure and insulation alarm system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001063976A1
WO2001063976A1 PCT/DE2001/000635 DE0100635W WO0163976A1 WO 2001063976 A1 WO2001063976 A1 WO 2001063976A1 DE 0100635 W DE0100635 W DE 0100635W WO 0163976 A1 WO0163976 A1 WO 0163976A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
series circuit
detection
lamp
control device
voltage signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2001/000635
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Manfred Bete
Wolfgang Klinger
Dieter Leber
Helmut Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of WO2001063976A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001063976A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
    • H05B47/23—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in series
    • H05B47/235—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in series with communication between the lamps and a central unit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lamp failure alarm system and an insulation alarm system for lighting systems on airfields and the like.
  • Lighting systems include all lighting aids that ensure safe flight operations and taxiing of aircraft in the area of an airport in the dark and / or poor visibility. A distinction is made among other things between approach lights, gliding fire, side row lights, threshold lights, runway lights, runway lights, beacon lights, hazard lights, obstacle lights and rotating lights.
  • airports must be equipped with airfield lighting systems for operation at night or in poor visibility.
  • lighting devices serve as visual navigation aids for the pilot.
  • Lighting systems for large airports include various lighting devices that are used to mark the approach sector, the runways, the runways and aprons. Additional devices are also used, for example taxiway signs, parking aids, wind direction indicators and the like. Both the devices and the systems can be switched separately, and each individual system can also comprise differently switchable lighting devices.
  • the approach lights include, for example, approach flashlights for the optical highlighting of the approach center line and threshold, high-performance lights for approach, threshold and end of the runway, precision approach gel fire for high light outputs and sharp red-white transition and the like.
  • the individual lighting systems usually extend over several kilometers and require a corresponding cable network.
  • the individual lighting devices are usually operated in series in order to rule out differences in intensity of the connected lighting devices at the beginning and end of the line, which were present in parallel-operated lighting devices due to the high voltage drop given these cables.
  • the lamp transformers for feeding the light sources of the lighting devices are connected in series in the series circuit and operated with a constant current. The transformers therefore have the character of current transformers with a fixed, predefinable current conversion ratio.
  • the light intensity of the lighting systems must be able to be adapted at any time to the visual conditions prevailing when the aircraft take off or land.
  • the setting of the light intensity is carried out by means of control and regulating devices, which are provided by the lighting systems in addition to lamps as lighting devices. Once an intensity value has been set, it must be kept constant regardless of mains voltage fluctuations or the failure of individual lamps in the series circuit. Constant current regulators are used to keep the current constant in series circuits of lighting systems on airfields. In addition to the above requirements, international guidelines and
  • lighting systems also include lamp failure detection and / or insulation monitoring devices as lighting devices.
  • Lamp failure detection devices ensure that the failure of lamps in lighting systems can be recognized and remedied. As a rule, regardless of the circuit current and its curve shape, the individual lamp failures in thyristor-controlled series circuits are recognized and reported.
  • the lamp failure detection devices usually used report the first and all other failed lamps of a lighting system.
  • the lamp failure detection devices determine the inductance of the series circuit from a current signal from an idling lamp transformer in the series circuit and a voltage signal from a voltage converter lying parallel to the series circuit.
  • Lamps in the series circuit are usually calibrated using potentiometers. This calibration is an extremely time-consuming and error-prone process, since the accuracy of the notification of failed lamps depends on the goodness of the comparison of the lamp failure detection devices. In addition, when comparing the lamp failure detection devices, care must be taken that the constant current controller of the monitored series circuit and the lamp failure detection device receive the same control signal.
  • the series circuits for airfield lighting which are usually characterized by long cable runs and are mainly located in the ground and in damp shafts, can easily lead to insulation faults in the event of defects due to high operating voltages against earth.
  • the consequence of such insulation faults in the case of double earth faults is the reduction of the operating current and thus the lamp brightness of lighting devices close to the fault, which leads to the failure of the lamps in the event of an emergency.
  • Insulation monitoring devices detect the insulation resistance of an airfield lighting serial circuit both in operation and in the switched-off state.
  • eme Stabilized DC voltage is fed into the series circuit regardless of the operating voltage and the resistance is determined via the resulting current.
  • the measured resistance value specifies an error measure, which outputs a message for initiating remedial measures within predefinable limit values.
  • the various lighting devices such as constant current controllers, lamp failure detection systems and insulation monitoring systems for airfield lighting, must exchange a large number of signals to control and report operating states with the central control device. These signals must be made available to the individual lighting devices on the part of the central control device via cables and corresponding plug or clamp connections. Previously, the lighting devices had to be connected to the central control device or upstream decentralized control devices via parallel interfaces with multi-core cables and corresponding plug or clamp connections. The connection of the individual lighting devices with the control device requires a considerable amount of assembly and material.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a lamp failure detection system and an insulation detection system for lighting systems of the type mentioned at the outset, which require simpler wiring and signal supply, entail little assembly and material expenditure, which are simple are more calibratable and moreover enable more precise messages.
  • the present invention uses a lamp alarm system for lighting systems on airfields and the like, consisting of a device for determining the number of failed lamps in a series of lamps and at least one device for detecting at least one current signal and at least one voltage signal of the lamp sensor circuit, the determination device forming the measurement window from the at least one current signal, adding up the at least one voltage signal within this measurement window and transmitting the added voltage signal to a control device.
  • the determination device comprises at least one interface for connection to a control device, at least one interface for connection of a detection device, means for selecting a detection device, means for forming a measurement window from a current signal and means for summing up a voltage signal within the measurement window.
  • Current signals or voltage signals in the sense of the present invention are also signals proportional or convertible to a current signal or a voltage signal, for example power signals, voltage signals, current signals or the like.
  • the interface for connection to a control device is advantageously a bus interface, preferably for a fieldbus, particularly preferably for a PROFIBUS.
  • PROFIBUS is a standardized fieldbus solution with a large number of providers, which provides a digital serial transmission system for automated process control and monitoring.
  • the PROFIBUS allows the transmission of signals from twisted shielded two-wire lines with data transfer rates between 9, ⁇ and 12000 kbit / s and thus allows an extremely simple signal exchange between a control device and the determination device of the lamp failure reporting system.
  • the interface for connection to a control device is designed redundantly. This advantageously allows redundant communication between see the determination device of the lamp failure detection system according to the invention and a control device, which is also advantageously designed to be redundant.
  • the interface for connection to a detection device is advantageously a bus interface. This allows a plurality of detection devices to be connected to a determination device in a simple manner via a bus system.
  • the respective detection device can advantageously be selected on the part of the means for selecting a detection device, the means for selecting a detection device advantageously being provided by a microcontroller.
  • the means for forming a measurement window from a current signal comprise an operational amplifier, whereby a measurement window is formed from the current signal.
  • the means for summing up a voltage signal comprise an analog / digital converter via which the voltage signal is fed to a summing element, the summing element adding up the voltage signal via the measuring window hm formed.
  • the summing element is advantageously designed on the part of a microcontroller.
  • the determination device has means for forming effective values from current or voltage signals, so that effective values can advantageously be transmitted to a control device.
  • the detection device comprises an interface for connection to an detection device, a connection for detecting the voltage of a whole series circuit, a connection conclusion for the detection of the current of an idling lamp transformer and means for activating the detection device on the part of the detection device.
  • connection for detecting the voltage of a lamp circuit advantageously has means for electrical isolation, advantageously a transformer.
  • the means for activating the detection device on the part of the detection device are switchable relays.
  • the detection device has a push-through converter for measuring the series current of a lamp series circuit.
  • the technical solution to the problem with the present invention em insulation detection system for lighting systems on airfields and the like, consisting of a device for determining the insulation resistance of a series circuit cable and at least one device for detecting a current signal of the series circuit, the determination device generating em voltage signal with this applies the series circuit via the detection device and transmits the current and voltage signals to a control device in the event of a predefinable change in the detected current signal over time.
  • a value representing the current or voltage signal is transmitted to the control device, advantageously digitally.
  • the determination device comprises at least one interface for connection to a control device, at least one interface for connection to a detection device, means for generating a voltage signal, means for determining a voltage signal. ner predefinable temporal change in the detected current signal and means for determining at least one current signal and at least one voltage signal.
  • the determination device and / or the detection device have means for filtering current or voltage signals, preferably at least one RC element.
  • the detection device comprises at least one connection for coupling to a series circuit, which is advantageously designed for connecting up to 5 kV eff .
  • the detection device comprises at least one interface for connection to a determination device.
  • the detection device has means for connecting the detection device to a detection device, which are advantageously designed as relays.
  • the interfaces of the determination devices and / or the detection devices are bus interfaces, preferably for a fieldbus, particularly preferably for a PROFIBUS.
  • the interface for connection to a control device is designed redundantly.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a combined lamp failure and insulation detection system for airfield lighting systems
  • FIG. 2 shows a combined lamp failure and insulation detection system for airfield lighting systems according to FIG. 1;
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a combined lamp failure and insulation detection system consisting of detection devices 1 and 3, which are serially connected via 24 V inputs / outputs 5 to a control device 6, in this case a SIMATIC S7-300, and detection devices 2 and 4, each create a coupling to a series circuit 7 of a lighting system.
  • the detection devices 1 and 3 of the lamp failure detection systems and the insulation detection systems automatically switch the connected detection devices 2 and 4 and thus record the measured values of the series circuits 7 connected to the detection devices 2 and 4 one after the other.
  • the measurement values are determined by the detection devices 1 and 3 transmitted to the control device 6 in digitally converted form via the connections 5.
  • the control device 6 is connected to a superimposed lighting control system 8, which is arranged centrally in a tower control room of an airport system and controls, regulates and monitors additional lighting devices 9, not shown here, such as constant current controllers and the like.
  • 2 shows the combined lamp failure and insulation detection system according to FIG. 1 in a functional representation.
  • the control device ⁇ connected to the superimposed lighting control system 8 via the PROFIBUS 10 can be controlled and parameterized via the computer marked 11 in FIG. 2, which is used as an input and / or output device.
  • the combined lamp failure and insulation alarm system can be visually displayed on the computer, which in particular makes control, regulation and monitoring tasks more effectively manageable.
  • the combined lamp failure and insulation detection system is a modular system, consisting of the control device 6 for reading and outputting the measured values transmitted by the lamp failure detection systems and the insulation detection systems with respect to the bus connections 10, such as PROFIBUS or Ethernet , and for evaluating the measured values of the lamp failure and insulation detection systems, which each consist of detection devices 1 and 3 and detection devices 2 and 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows a lamp failure detection system consisting of a detection device 1 and a plurality of detection devices 2.
  • the determination device 1 has an interface 12 for connection to a control device ⁇ via corresponding bus lines 5, an interface 13 for connecting detection devices 2 and an interface 14 for selecting a detection device 2.
  • the determination device 1 of the lamp failure reporting system has a microcontroller 15.
  • the determination device 1 comprises means 16 for forming a temporal measurement window from a current signal of a detection device 2 Lamp sensor circuit 7 and means 17 for summing up a voltage signal within this measurement window, the voltage signal being detected by a detection device 2 as the voltage of a lamp series circuit and supplied digitally converted in summing means 17.
  • the summation means 17 are implemented by the microcontroller 15.
  • the microcontroller 15 controls the relay 18 via the interface 14 via a detection device 2, whereby the correspondingly selected detection device 2 is connected to the interface 13 of the determination device 1 via the interface 19 and corresponding connections 20.
  • the detection device 2 selected in this way thus detects, via the interface 21, the primary voltage of the series circuit 7, which is thyristor-controlled with a thyristor controller 22, and a current signal via an idle lamp transformer 23, which generates a time window with the measurement window generating means 16 of the determination device 1, within which the summing means 17 the determination device 1 sums up the analog / digital-converted voltage voltage signal of the lamp series circuit 7 and supplies it to the control device 6 on the part of the microcontroller 15 via the interface 12 and the PROFIBUS connection 5.
  • the control device 6 determines how many lamps in the lamp circuit 7 have failed on the basis of the transmitted accumulated voltage signal. Appropriate measures for eliminating the failed lamps are initiated on the part of the control device 6 or on the part of the superimposed lighting control system 8.
  • the lamp failure system shown in FIG. 3 additionally has, on the part of the detection devices 2, a through-current converter 24 which is connected via the interface 19 to the
  • connection terminal strips 20 and the interface 13 an effective value image 25 (Roote Means Square (RMS)) on the part of the averaging device 1 is supplied, the ascertained effective value of the series current of the lamp series circuit 7 being supplied to the microcontroller 1 of the determination device 1 in an analog / digitally converted manner.
  • the determination device 1 can supply the control device 6 or the superimposed lighting control system 8 with a further measured value from the lamp series circuit 7 for control, regulation or monitoring and serves in 6 to determine the intensity level (regardless of the constant current controller).
  • the rms value of the series current of the lamp series circuit 7 determined in this way is independent of the constant current regulator of the lamp series circuit 7, of which the transformer 26 serving as a current converter is shown in FIG.
  • the lamp failure detection system according to FIG. 3 enables the safe operation of take-off and landing runways and taxiways, for which error-free operation of the lighting is of great importance.
  • the lamp failure detection system ensures that the errors that occur in the lighting devices due to the limited lifetime due to the failure of lamps can be recognized and eliminated immediately after they occur. Lamp failures are recognized and reported by the thyristor-controlled series circuits 7 regardless of the series circuit current and its curve shape. It is irrelevant which constant current regulator make and which constant current regulator type is used.
  • the lamp failure detection system reports the first and all further lamps precisely and precisely.
  • the determination device 1 of the lamp failure detection system switches on the connected detection devices 2 one after the other.
  • the measurement of the current and voltage signals is carried out by connecting the individual detection devices 2 to the determination device 1 via the relays 18 on the part of the detection devices 2. After the relays 18 on the detection device 2 are activated by the Determination device 1 were closed, in the present case three measured values, the secondary voltage of the idling lamp transformer 23 in the series circuit 7, the galvanically isolated primary voltage of the feed transformer 27 of the series circuit 7 and the current in the series circuit 7, are recorded via the through-current transformer 24. These measured values are obtained from the Determination device 1 read.
  • a lamp failure is determined by measuring the voltage time area, while the measurement window t 0 to t n in which the idling lamp transformer 23 is not yet saturated. This measured value obtained is a measure of the inductive component of the impedances of the series circuit 7. If a lamp fails, for example in the event of a filament break, the inductance of the series circuit 7 increases due to the lamp transformer of the defective lamp which then runs empty. With the same type and power of lamp transformers, ie with the same U / I characteristic of the transformers, the increase in inductance is proportional to the number of failed lamps. If the U / I characteristic of the lamp transformers deviate from one another, this results in a measurement error to be taken into account.
  • the determined value of the voltage time area is transmitted to the control device 6.
  • the evaluation is carried out here by interpolations and extrapolations, based on calibration values stored by the control device, so that the number of failed lamps of the lamp series circuit 7 can be determined by the control device 6.
  • the effective value of the series current is determined by the lamp failure system independently of the constant current regulator of the lamp series circuit 7 and transmitted to the control device 6.
  • the control device 6 thus provides an independent measured value of the current for monitoring purposes and the like on the constant current controller of the series circuit 7
  • the current is used to determine the level of the constant current regulator.
  • the calibration is carried out when the series circuit 7 is completely free, i.e. Without lamp failure, the measured current value per stage used by the constant current controller.
  • the detection device 3 of the insulation detection system has an interface 12 via which the detection device 3 can be connected to the control device 6 via a connection 5.
  • the detecting means 3 eme interface 14 to select a detection device 4 by an appropriate control and relay 18 on the part of the detecting devices 4 15 via the pre-to control and selection by the determination means 3 ⁇ provided microcontroller
  • the detector 3 further includes means 28 for generating a Measuring voltage of 500 V DC from the DC voltage of 24 V made available by the interface 12, the measuring voltage generation being activated by switching the relay 29 on the part of the microcontroller 15 of the determining device 3, with the microcontroller first or simultaneously 15 selected detection device 4 is connected to the detection device 3 by switching the relay 18.
  • the selected detection device 4 is connected to the lamp circuit 7. sen and the measuring voltage of about 500 V DC voltage via the connection terminal strips 30 and the selected detection device 4 of the series circuit 7 is applied. On the part of the determination device 3, the voltage U and the insulation fault current of the series circuit 7 are detected via the resistance network by means of the measuring means 31. The voltage and current values detected by the measuring means 31 are then fed to the control device 6 via the interface 12 and the BUS 5 in an analog / digital conversion.
  • the detection devices 4 of the insulation detection system also have a series circuit connection 32 for connection to the series circuit 7, which can supply up to 5 kV ef to the series circuit, furthermore filter means 33 for coarse filtering of the series circuit AC voltage.
  • the filter means 33 are in the form of an RC element consisting of a 2 M ⁇ resistor and a 0.1 ⁇ F capacitor, the values of which can also be dimensioned differently.
  • the secondary circuits 7 usually used in lighting systems are networks without a defined zero potential. Therefore, a first fault, for example a ground fault due to a cable damage, does not lead to a malfunction of the series circuit, which is desirable since errors occurring during flight operation do not impair the function of the lighting system. A further fault, however, leads to the series circuit section lying between the two faults being short-circuited and the lighting devices of the series circuit thus short-circuited, the lamps of the lamp series circuit in the present case, being no longer ready for operation.
  • a first fault for example a ground fault due to a cable damage
  • a further fault leads to the series circuit section lying between the two faults being short-circuited and the lighting devices of the series circuit thus short-circuited, the lamps of the lamp series circuit in the present case, being no longer ready for operation.
  • the insulation signaling system at hand ensures that the first window is detected as early as possible.
  • the insulation state of the series circuit 7 is also important, since experience has shown that high ohmic insulation damage initially develops into low-resistance earth faults.
  • the insulation reporting system shown in FIG. 4 consists of detection devices 4, which are expediently installed in the vicinity of the transformers 27 of the series circuits 7, a determination device 3 and a control device 6, which have a measuring range of 1 k ⁇ to 1000 M ⁇ for calculating the insulation value in ⁇ Software for calculating the insulation value.
  • the measurement is carried out by connecting a detection device 4 to the detection device 3 via the relay 18 on the part of the detection device 4. After the relay 18 has been closed by the detection device 4 by activation by the detection device 3, the measurement voltage generated by the determination device 3 with the voltage generator 28 becomes ramped up to about 500 V DC voltage and the DC current flowing in the series circuit 7 is measured by the measuring means 31 via the detection device 4.
  • the alternating current from the series circuit 7 is filtered out by the detection device 4 with the RC element 33 and by the determination device 3 via the resistance network.
  • the settling of the measuring direct current which is essentially determined by the internal resistance of the measuring circuit (in the present case a series connection of 2.0 M ⁇ and 0.2 M ⁇ ), the insulation resistance R lso and the cable capacitance, is on the part of the 31 monitored on the determination device 3.
  • a predeterminable steady-state value ie when a predefinable temporal change in the detected current signal or the value of the detected value is reached Current signal, the voltage and current values detected by the measuring means 31 are converted analog / digital and transmitted to the control device 6 by the interface 12 of the determination devices 3 via the BUS connection 5.
  • the measuring voltage is reduced from 500 V DC voltage and the relay 18 of the selected detection device 4 is opened. Subsequently, the relay 18 of the next selected detection device 4 is closed and started in accordance with a new measuring cycle for the newly selected detection device 4.
  • each cycle ie. H. each time the detection devices 4 that can be connected to the determination device 3 are scanned, additional measurements are carried out for the comparison, in the present case zero calibration and a measurement without an applied reference resistance on the part of the determination device 3, which in the present case is 10 M ⁇ , but can also have other values.
  • the control device 6 calculates the insulation values of the connected series circuits 7 from the transmitted current and voltage measured values of the zero adjustment and the reference value.
  • the insulation signaling system entails less assembly and material expenditure and thus enables easier wiring and signal supply to the lighting devices.
  • the lamp failure detection system also saves time by automatically calibrating the lamp failure detection system.
  • the radio signals can be transmitted via a higher-level visualization system of the control device 6.
  • functions of the lamp failure detection system are extremely easy and effective to operate, control or monitor.
  • the additional detection of the RMS value of the series circuit current also provides further options for control, regulation or monitoring.
  • the automatic calibration eliminates the need for specialists otherwise required for this.
  • the use of bus systems reduces the installation and material costs and simplifies the wiring and signal supply to the lighting devices.
  • the insulation detection system enables a cost-saving system structure by using determination devices 3 and detection devices 4.
  • the insulation detection system has an extended measuring range from 0 to 1000 M ⁇ , shorter connection times of the series circuits and more precise measurements by using reference resistors.
  • higher-level visualization systems can be used via the control device 6, which further simplify the operation for controlling, regulating or monitoring.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a lamp failure alarm system for airport navigation light systems and the like, which system comprises a device (1) for detecting the number of failed lamps of a lamp series circuit (7) and at least one device (2) for detecting at least one power signal and at least one voltage signal of the lamp series circuit (7). Said detection device (1) produces a measuring window from the at least one power signal, adds within said measuring window the at least one voltage signal and transmits the added voltage signal to a control device (6). The invention further relates to an insulation alarm system for airport navigation light systems and the like. Said insulation alarm system comprises a device (3) for detecting the insulation resistance of a series circuit cable and at least one device (4) for detecting a power signal of the series circuit (7). The detection device (3) produces a voltage signal, impinges the series circuit (7) with said voltage signal via the detection device (4) and transmits the power and the voltage signal to a control device (6) if a predetermined time change of the power signal is detected.

Description

Beschreibung description

Lampenausfall- und IsolationsmeldesystemLamp failure and insulation alarm system

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Lampenausfallmeldesys- tem und ein Isolationsmeldesystem für Befeuerungsanlagen auf Flugplatzen und dergleichen.The present invention relates to a lamp failure alarm system and an insulation alarm system for lighting systems on airfields and the like.

Befeuerungsanlagen umfassen alle lichttechnischen Hilfen, die einen sicheren Flugbetrieb und ein Rollen von Luftfahrzeugen im Bereich eines Flughafens bei Dunkelheit und/oder schlechter Sicht gewährleisten. Dabei wird unter anderem zwischen Anflugbefeuerung, Gleitwmkelfeuer, Seitenreihenfeuer, Schwellenfeuer, Start- und Landebahnfeuer, Rollbahnfeuer, Kennfeuer, Gefahrenfeuer, Hindernisfeuer und Drehfeuer unterschieden.Lighting systems include all lighting aids that ensure safe flight operations and taxiing of aircraft in the area of an airport in the dark and / or poor visibility. A distinction is made among other things between approach lights, gliding fire, side row lights, threshold lights, runway lights, runway lights, beacon lights, hazard lights, obstacle lights and rotating lights.

Nach internationalen Richtlinien und Empfehlungen müssen Flugplatze für den Betrieb bei Nacht oder schlechter Sicht mit Flugplatzbefeuerungssystemen ausgerüstet sein. Beim Anflug, bei der Landung, beim Start und wahrend des Rollens dienen Befeuerungsgerate dem Piloten als optische Navigationshilfe. Befeuerungsanlagen für Großflughafen umfassen verschiedene Befeuerungsgerate, die der Markierung des Anflug- Sektors, der Start- und Landebahnen, der Rollbahnen und Vorfelder dienen. Des weiteren werden Zusatzeinrichtungen eingesetzt, beispielsweise Rollbahnwegweiser, Emparkhilfen, Wind- richtungsanzeiger und dergleichen. Sowohl die Gerate als auch die Anlagen sind getrennt schaltbar, wobei auch jede einzelne Anlage unterschiedlich schaltbare Befeuerungsgerate umfassen kann. So umfasst die Anflug-Befeuerung beispielsweise Anflug- Blitzfeuer zur optischen Hervorhebung von Anflug-Mittellinie und Schwelle, Hochleistungsfeuer für Anflug, Schwelle und Startbahnende, Praz sions-Anflug-Geleιtwmκelfeuer für hohe Lichtleistungen und scharfen Rot- eiß-Ubergang und dergleichen. Die einzelnen Befeuerungsanlagen erstrecken sich in der Regel über mehrere Kilometer und erfordern ein dementsprechendes Kabelnetz. Die einzelnen Befeuerungsgerate werden üblicherweise seriell betrieben, um Intensitatsunterschiede der ange- schlossenen Befeuerungsgerate am Leitungsanfang und Leitungsende auszuschließen, die bei parallelbetriebenen Befeuerungsgeraten aufgrund des bei diesen Kabellangen gegebenen hohen Spannungsabfalls gegeben waren. Um eine Unterbrechung des durch die m Serie geschalteten Verbraucher gebildeten Se- rienstromkreis bei Ausfall eines einzigen Verbrauchers, d.h. einer Lampe, zu verhindern, werden die einzelnen Lampen je¬ weils über einen Lampen- oder Seπenkreistransformator versorgt. Die Lampentransformatoren zum Speisen der Lichtquellen der Befeuerungsgerate werden im Serienkreis in Reihe geschal- tet und mit einem konstanten Strom betrieben. Die Transformatoren haben daher Stromwandlercharakter mit einem festen, vorgebbaren Stromubersetzungsverhaltnis .According to international guidelines and recommendations, airports must be equipped with airfield lighting systems for operation at night or in poor visibility. When approaching, landing, taking off and while taxiing, lighting devices serve as visual navigation aids for the pilot. Lighting systems for large airports include various lighting devices that are used to mark the approach sector, the runways, the runways and aprons. Additional devices are also used, for example taxiway signs, parking aids, wind direction indicators and the like. Both the devices and the systems can be switched separately, and each individual system can also comprise differently switchable lighting devices. The approach lights include, for example, approach flashlights for the optical highlighting of the approach center line and threshold, high-performance lights for approach, threshold and end of the runway, precision approach gel fire for high light outputs and sharp red-white transition and the like. The individual lighting systems usually extend over several kilometers and require a corresponding cable network. The individual lighting devices are usually operated in series in order to rule out differences in intensity of the connected lighting devices at the beginning and end of the line, which were present in parallel-operated lighting devices due to the high voltage drop given these cables. Se formed by an interruption of the switched by the consumer rien m series circuit failure of a single consumer, that is a lamp to prevent, the individual lamps are per ¬ weils supplied via a lamp or Seπenkreistransformator. The lamp transformers for feeding the light sources of the lighting devices are connected in series in the series circuit and operated with a constant current. The transformers therefore have the character of current transformers with a fixed, predefinable current conversion ratio.

Die Lichtstarke der Befeuerungsanlagen muss jederzeit an die bei Start oder Landung der Flugzeugen herrschenden Sicht- verhaltnisse angepasst werden können. Die Einstellung der Lichtstarke wird dabei mittels Steuer- und Regleremπchtun- gen vorgenommen, die seitens der Befeuerungsanlagen neben Lampen als Befeuerungsgerate zur Verfugung stehen. Ein einmal eingestellter Intensitatswert muss dabei unabhängig von Netzspannungsschwankungen oder dem Ausfall einzelner Lampen im Serienkreis konstant gehalten werden. Zur Konstantnaltung des Stromes in Serienkreisen von Befeuerungsanlagen auf Flugplatzen werden dabei Konstantstromregler eingesetzt, die ne- ben den obigen Forderungen internationale Richtlinien undThe light intensity of the lighting systems must be able to be adapted at any time to the visual conditions prevailing when the aircraft take off or land. The setting of the light intensity is carried out by means of control and regulating devices, which are provided by the lighting systems in addition to lamps as lighting devices. Once an intensity value has been set, it must be kept constant regardless of mains voltage fluctuations or the failure of individual lamps in the series circuit. Constant current regulators are used to keep the current constant in series circuits of lighting systems on airfields. In addition to the above requirements, international guidelines and

Empfehlungen und insbesondere landesspezifische Auflagen erfüllen müssen. Neben diesen Steuer- und Reglereinrichtungen umfassen Befeuerungsanlagen als Befeuerungsgerate darüber hinaus Lampenausfallmelde- und/oder Isolationsuberwachungs- emrichtungen. Lampenausfallmeldeemrichtungen sorgen dafür, dass der Ausfall von Lampen m Befeuerungsanlagen erkannt und beseitigt werden kann. In der Regel werden unabhängig vom Se- rienkreisstrom und dessen Kurvenform die einzelnen Lampen- ausfalle in thyristorgeregelten Serienkreisen erkannt und gemeldet. Die üblicherweise verwendeten Lampenausfallmeldeemrichtungen melden dabei die erste und alle weiteren ausge- fallenen Lampen einer Befeuerungsanlage. Die Lampenausfallmeldeemrichtungen ermitteln dabei aus einem Stromsignal eines leerlaufenden Lampentransformators im Serienkreis und einem Spannungssignal eines parallel zum Serienkreis liegenden Spannungswandlers die Induktivität des Serienkreises. Bei ei- nem Lampenausfall erhöht sich der induktive Anteil des Se- πenkreisstroms durch den dann offenen Lampentransformator, der ansonsten bei funktionsfähiger Lampe ein ohmsches Verhalten zeigt. Die bisher bekannten Lampenausfallmeldeemrichtungen müssen n jeαer Stromstufe von Hand bei vollständig funk- tionsfahigem Serienkreis und bei einer Anzahl ausgefallenerRecommendations and in particular country-specific requirements must be met. In addition to these control and regulating devices, lighting systems also include lamp failure detection and / or insulation monitoring devices as lighting devices. Lamp failure detection devices ensure that the failure of lamps in lighting systems can be recognized and remedied. As a rule, regardless of the circuit current and its curve shape, the individual lamp failures in thyristor-controlled series circuits are recognized and reported. The lamp failure detection devices usually used report the first and all other failed lamps of a lighting system. The lamp failure detection devices determine the inductance of the series circuit from a current signal from an idling lamp transformer in the series circuit and a voltage signal from a voltage converter lying parallel to the series circuit. In the event of a lamp failure, the inductive component of the secondary circuit current increases due to the then open lamp transformer, which otherwise shows an ohmic behavior when the lamp is functional. The lamp failure detection devices known hitherto have to be operated manually at each current level with a fully functional series circuit and with a number of failed ones

Lampen des Serienkreises üblicherweise mittels Potentiometern kalibriert werden. Dieses Kalibrieren ist ein überaus zeitaufwendiger und fehlerbehafteter Vorgang, da die Genauigkeit der Meldung ausgefallener Lampen von der Gute des Abgleichs der Lampenausfallmeldeemrichtungen abhangig ist. Darüber hinaus muss beim Abgleich der Lampenausfallmeldeemrichtungen darauf geachtet werden, dass der Konstantstromregler des u- berwachten Serienkreises und die Lampenausfallmeldeeinnch- tung jeweils das gleiche Steuersignal erhalten.Lamps in the series circuit are usually calibrated using potentiometers. This calibration is an extremely time-consuming and error-prone process, since the accuracy of the notification of failed lamps depends on the goodness of the comparison of the lamp failure detection devices. In addition, when comparing the lamp failure detection devices, care must be taken that the constant current controller of the monitored series circuit and the lamp failure detection device receive the same control signal.

Die m der Regel durch lange Kabelstrecken gekennzeichneten Serienstromkreise für Flugplatzbefeuerungen, welche überwiegend im Erdreich und in feuchten Schachten untergebracht sind, können aufgrund hoher Betriebsspannungen derartige Stromkreise gegen Erde bei Defekten leicht zu Isolations- fehlern fuhren. Die Folge derartiger Isolationsfehler ist bei Doppelerdschluss die Reduzierung des Betriebsstromes und damit der Lampenhelligkeit von Befeuerungsgeraten nahe des Fehlers, im Exι_remfall zum Ausfall der Lampen fuhrt. Isolations- uberwachungsemrichtungen erfassen den Isolationswiderstand eines Flugplatzbefeuerungs-Seπenstromkreises sowohl im Betrieb als auch im abgeschalteten Zustand. Dabei wird eme stabilisierte Gleichspannung unabhängig von der Betriebsspannung in den Serienkreis eingespeist und über den resultierenden Strom der Widerstand bestimmt. Der gemessene Widerstandswert gibt dabei em Fehlermaß an, welches innerhalb von vor- gebbaren Grenzwerten eme Meldung zum Einleiten von Beseitigungsmaßnahmen ausgibt.The series circuits for airfield lighting, which are usually characterized by long cable runs and are mainly located in the ground and in damp shafts, can easily lead to insulation faults in the event of defects due to high operating voltages against earth. The consequence of such insulation faults in the case of double earth faults is the reduction of the operating current and thus the lamp brightness of lighting devices close to the fault, which leads to the failure of the lamps in the event of an emergency. Insulation monitoring devices detect the insulation resistance of an airfield lighting serial circuit both in operation and in the switched-off state. Here, eme Stabilized DC voltage is fed into the series circuit regardless of the operating voltage and the resistance is determined via the resulting current. The measured resistance value specifies an error measure, which outputs a message for initiating remedial measures within predefinable limit values.

Die verschiedenen Befeuerungsgerate wie Konstantstromregler, Lampenausfallmeldesysteme und Isolationsuberwachungssysteme für Flugplatzbefeuerungen müssen eme Vielzahl von Signalen zur Ansteuerung und Ruckmeldung von Betriebszustanden mit der zentralen Steuereinrichtung austauschen. Diese Signale müssen über Kabel und entsprechende Steck- oder Klemmverbindungen den einzelnen Befeuerungsgeraten seitens der zentralen Steu- eremrichtung zur Verfugung gestellt werden. Bisher mussten die Befeuerungsgerate über parallele Schnittstellen mit mehradrigen Kabeln und entsprechenden Steck- oder Klemmverbindungen mit der zentralen Steuereinrichtung bzw. vorgelagerten dezentralen Steuereinrichtungen verbunden werden. Die Verbin- düng der einzelnen Befeuerungsgerate mit der Steuereinrichtung bedingt dabei einen erheblichen Montage- und Materialaufwand.The various lighting devices, such as constant current controllers, lamp failure detection systems and insulation monitoring systems for airfield lighting, must exchange a large number of signals to control and report operating states with the central control device. These signals must be made available to the individual lighting devices on the part of the central control device via cables and corresponding plug or clamp connections. Previously, the lighting devices had to be connected to the central control device or upstream decentralized control devices via parallel interfaces with multi-core cables and corresponding plug or clamp connections. The connection of the individual lighting devices with the control device requires a considerable amount of assembly and material.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt m Anbetracht dieses Standes der Technik die Aufgabe zugrunde, em Lampenausfallmeldesys- tem und em Isolationsmeldesystem für Befeuerungsanlagen der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, welche eme einfachere Verdrahtung und Signalzufuhrung erfordern, einen geringen Montage- und Materialaufwand mit sich bringen, welche einfa- eher kalibrierbar sind und darüber hinaus genauere Meldungen ermöglichen .In view of this prior art, the present invention is based on the object of providing a lamp failure detection system and an insulation detection system for lighting systems of the type mentioned at the outset, which require simpler wiring and signal supply, entail little assembly and material expenditure, which are simple are more calibratable and moreover enable more precise messages.

Zur technischen Losung dieser Aufgabe wird mit der vorliegenden Erfindung em Lampenaus allmeldesystem für Befeuerungsan- lagen auf Flugplatzen und dergleichen, bestehend aus einer Einrichtung zur Ermittlung der Anzahl ausgefallener Lampen eines Lampenserienkreises und wenigstens einer Einrichtung zur Erfassung wenigstens eines Stromsignals und wenigstens eines Spannungssignals des Lampensenenkreises bereitgestellt, wobei die Ermittlungseinrichtung aus dem wenigstens einen Stromsignal em Messfenster bildet, innerhalb dieses Messfensters das wenigstens eine Spannungssignal aufsummiert und das aufsummierte Spannungssignal an eine Steuereinrichtung übertragt.To solve this problem technically, the present invention uses a lamp alarm system for lighting systems on airfields and the like, consisting of a device for determining the number of failed lamps in a series of lamps and at least one device for detecting at least one current signal and at least one voltage signal of the lamp sensor circuit, the determination device forming the measurement window from the at least one current signal, adding up the at least one voltage signal within this measurement window and transmitting the added voltage signal to a control device.

Vorteilhafterweise umfasst die Ermittlungseinrichtung wenigs- tens eine Schnittstelle zum Anschluss an eme Steuereinrichtung, wenigstens eme Schnittstelle zum Anschluss einer Erfassungseinrichtung, Mittel zur Auswahl einer Erfassungsemrichtung, Mittel zum Bilden eines Messfensters aus einem Stromsignal und Mittel zum Aufsummieren eines Spannungssig- nals innerhalb des Messfensters.Advantageously, the determination device comprises at least one interface for connection to a control device, at least one interface for connection of a detection device, means for selecting a detection device, means for forming a measurement window from a current signal and means for summing up a voltage signal within the measurement window.

Stromsignal bzw. Spannungssignal im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind dabei auch einem Stromsignal bzw. einem Spannungssignal proportionale bzw. umrechenbare Signale, bei- spielsweise Leistungssignale, Spannungssignale, Stromsignale oder dergleichen.Current signals or voltage signals in the sense of the present invention are also signals proportional or convertible to a current signal or a voltage signal, for example power signals, voltage signals, current signals or the like.

Vorteilhafterweise ist die Schnittstelle zum Anschluss an eine Steuereinrichtung eme Busschnittstelle, vorzugsweise für einen Feldbus, besonders bevorzugt für einen PROFIBUS. DerThe interface for connection to a control device is advantageously a bus interface, preferably for a fieldbus, particularly preferably for a PROFIBUS. The

PROFIBUS ist eme normierte Feldbuslosung mit inzwischen einer Vielzahl von Anbietern, der ein digitales serielles Uber- tragungssystem für eme automatisierte Prozesssteuerung und Überwachung bereithält. Der PROFIBUS erlaubt die Übertragung von Signalen von verdrillten geschirmten Zweidrahtleitungen mit Datenübertragungsraten zwischen 9, β und 12000 kBit/s und erlaubt so einen überaus einfachen Signalaustausch zwischen einer Steuereinrichtung und der Ermittlungseinrichtung des Lampenausfailmeldesystems . Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Schnittstelle zum Anschluss an eme Steuereinrichtung redundant ausgebildet. Dies erlaubt vorteilhafterweise eme redundante Kommunikation zwi- sehen der Ermittlungseinrichtung des erf dungsgemaßen Lampenausfallmeldesystems und einer Steuereinrichtung, welche vorteilhafterweise ebenfalls redundant ausgebildet ist.PROFIBUS is a standardized fieldbus solution with a large number of providers, which provides a digital serial transmission system for automated process control and monitoring. The PROFIBUS allows the transmission of signals from twisted shielded two-wire lines with data transfer rates between 9, β and 12000 kbit / s and thus allows an extremely simple signal exchange between a control device and the determination device of the lamp failure reporting system. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the interface for connection to a control device is designed redundantly. This advantageously allows redundant communication between see the determination device of the lamp failure detection system according to the invention and a control device, which is also advantageously designed to be redundant.

Vorteilhafterweise ist die Schnittstelle zum Anschluss an eine Erfassungseinrichtung eme Busschnittstelle. Dies erlaubt auf einfache Art und Weise ein Anschließen mehrerer Erfassungseinrichtungen an eme Ermittlungseinrichtung über em Bussystem. Die jeweilige Erfassungseinrichtung ist dabei vor- teilhafterweise seitens der Mittel zum Auswahlen einer Erfassungseinrichtung selektierbar, wobei die Mittel zur Auswahl einer Erfassungseinrichtung vorteilhafterweise seitens eines Mikrocontrollers bereitgestellt werden.The interface for connection to a detection device is advantageously a bus interface. This allows a plurality of detection devices to be connected to a determination device in a simple manner via a bus system. The respective detection device can advantageously be selected on the part of the means for selecting a detection device, the means for selecting a detection device advantageously being provided by a microcontroller.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfassen die Mittel zum Ausbilden eines Messfensters aus einem Stromsignal einen Operationsverstärker, wobei aus dem Stromsignal em zeitliches Messfenster gebildet wird. Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung um- fassen die Mittel zum Aufsummieren eines Spannungssignals einen Analog/Digital-Wandler über welchen das Spannungssignal einem Summierglied zugeführt wird, wobei das Summierglied das Spannungssignal über das ausgebildete Messfenster hm aufaddiert. Vorteilhafterweise ist das Summierglied gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung seitens eines MikroControllers ausgebildet.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the means for forming a measurement window from a current signal comprise an operational amplifier, whereby a measurement window is formed from the current signal. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the means for summing up a voltage signal comprise an analog / digital converter via which the voltage signal is fed to a summing element, the summing element adding up the voltage signal via the measuring window hm formed. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the summing element is advantageously designed on the part of a microcontroller.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die Ermittlungseinrichtung Mittel zum Bilden von Effektivwerten aus Strom- bzw. Spannungssignalen auf, so dass vorteilhafterweise Effektivwerte an eme Steuereinrichtung übertragbar sind.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the determination device has means for forming effective values from current or voltage signals, so that effective values can advantageously be transmitted to a control device.

Gemäß einer vorteilnaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Erfassungseinrichtung eme Schnittstelle zum Anschluss an eme Ermittlungseinrichtung, einen Anschluss zur Erfassung der Pπmarspannung eines ganzen Serienkreises, einen An- schluss zur Erfassung des Stroms eines leerlaufenden Lampentransformators und Mittel zum Aktivieren der Erfassungseinrichtung seitens der Ermittlungseinrichtung.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the detection device comprises an interface for connection to an detection device, a connection for detecting the voltage of a whole series circuit, a connection conclusion for the detection of the current of an idling lamp transformer and means for activating the detection device on the part of the detection device.

Vorteilhafterweise weist der Anschluss zur Erfassung der Pπ- marspannung eines Lampenseπenkreises Mittel zur galvanischen Trennung auf, vorteilhafterweise einen Transformator. Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Mittel zur Aktivierung der Erfassungseinrichtung seitens der Ermittlungseinrichtung schaltbare Relais.The connection for detecting the voltage of a lamp circuit advantageously has means for electrical isolation, advantageously a transformer. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the means for activating the detection device on the part of the detection device are switchable relays.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die Erfassungseinrichtung einen Durchsteckwandler zur Messung des Serienstroms eines Lampenserien- kreises auf.According to a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the detection device has a push-through converter for measuring the series current of a lamp series circuit.

Des weiteren wird zur technischen Losung der Aufgabe mit der vorliegenden Erfindung em Isolationsmeldesystem für Befeuerungsanlagen auf Flugplatzen und dergleichen, bestehend aus einer Einrichtung zur Ermittlung des Isolationswiderstandes eines Serienstromkreiskabels und wenigstens einer Einrichtung zur Erfassung eines Stromsignals des Serienkreises, wobei die Ermittlungseinrichtung em Spannungssignal erzeugt, mit diesem den Serienkreis über die Erfassungseinrichtung beauf- schlagt und bei einer vorgebbaren zeitlichen Änderung des erfassten Stromsignals das Strom- und das Spannungssignal an eme Steuereinrichtung übertragt.Furthermore, the technical solution to the problem with the present invention em insulation detection system for lighting systems on airfields and the like, consisting of a device for determining the insulation resistance of a series circuit cable and at least one device for detecting a current signal of the series circuit, the determination device generating em voltage signal with this applies the series circuit via the detection device and transmits the current and voltage signals to a control device in the event of a predefinable change in the detected current signal over time.

Vorteilhafterweise wird dabei em das Strom- bzw. das Span- nungssignal repräsentierender Wert an die Steuereinrichtung übertragen, vorteilhafterweise digital.Advantageously, a value representing the current or voltage signal is transmitted to the control device, advantageously digitally.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Ermittlungsemrichtung wenigstens eme Schnittstelle zum Anschluss an eme Steuereinrichtung, wenigstens eme Schnittstelle zum Anschluss an eme Erfassungseinrichtung, Mittel zum Erzeugen eines Spannungssignals, Mittel zum Bestimmen ei- ner vorgebbaren zeitlichen Änderung des erfassten Stromsignals und Mittel zum Bestimmen wenigstens eines Stromsignals und wenigstens eines Spannungssignals.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the determination device comprises at least one interface for connection to a control device, at least one interface for connection to a detection device, means for generating a voltage signal, means for determining a voltage signal. ner predefinable temporal change in the detected current signal and means for determining at least one current signal and at least one voltage signal.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weisen die Ermittlungseinrichtung und/oder die Erfassungseinrichtung Mittel zum Filtern von Strom- bzw. Spannungssignalen auf, vorzugsweise wenigstens ein RC-Glied.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the determination device and / or the detection device have means for filtering current or voltage signals, preferably at least one RC element.

In einer vorteilhaf en Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Erfassungseinrichtung wenigstens einen Anschluss zur An- kopplung an einen Serienkreis auf, welcher vorteilhafterweise zum Anschluss von bis zu 5 kVeff ausgebildet ist. In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Erfassungseinrichtung wenigstens eine Schnittstelle zum Anschluss an eine Ermittlungseinrichtung.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the detection device comprises at least one connection for coupling to a series circuit, which is advantageously designed for connecting up to 5 kV eff . In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the detection device comprises at least one interface for connection to a determination device.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die Erfassungseinrichtung Mittel zum Anschluss der Er- fassungseinrichtung an eine Ermittlungseinrichtung auf, welche vorteilhafterweise als Relais ausgebildet sind.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the detection device has means for connecting the detection device to a detection device, which are advantageously designed as relays.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Schnittstellen der Ermittlungsemrich- tungen und/oder der Erfassungseinrichtungen Busschnittstellen, vorzugsweise für einen Feldbus, besonders bevorzugt für einen PROFIBUS.According to a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the interfaces of the determination devices and / or the detection devices are bus interfaces, preferably for a fieldbus, particularly preferably for a PROFIBUS.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfin- düng ist die Schnittstelle zum Anschluss an eine Steuereinrichtung redundant ausgebildet.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the interface for connection to a control device is designed redundantly.

Strom- bzw. Spannungssignale im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind dabei auch entsprechend proportionale bzw. bere- chenbare Signale, wie beispielsweise Leistungssignale, Widerstandssignale, Spannungs- bzw. Stromsignale und dergleichen. Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausfuh- rungsbeispielen naher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:Current or voltage signals in the sense of the present invention are also correspondingly proportional or calculable signals, such as, for example, power signals, resistance signals, voltage or current signals and the like. Further details, features and advantages of the invention are explained in more detail below in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures. Show:

FIG 1 den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines kombinierten Lampenausfall- und Isolationsmeldesystems für Flugplatzbefeuerungsanlagen;1 shows the basic structure of a combined lamp failure and insulation detection system for airfield lighting systems;

FIG 2 em kombiniertes Lampenausfall- und Isolationsmeldesys- tem für Flugplatzbefeuerungsanlagen gemäß FIG 1;2 shows a combined lamp failure and insulation detection system for airfield lighting systems according to FIG. 1;

FIG 3 den funktionalen Aufbau eines Lampenausfallmelde- systems und3 shows the functional structure of a lamp failure detection system and

FIG 4: den funktionalen Aufbau eines Isolationsmeldesystems .4 shows the functional structure of an insulation detection system.

Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen em kombiniertes Lampenausfall- und Isolationsmeldesystem bestehend aus Ermittlungseinrichtungen 1 und 3, die seriell über 24 V Ein/Ausgange 5 an eme Steuereinrichtung 6, vorliegend eme SIMATIC S7-300 angeschlossen sind, und aus Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 und 4, die jeweils eine Kopplung zu einem Serienkreis 7 einer Befeuerungsanlage herstellen. Die Ermittlungseinrichtungen 1 und 3 der Lampen- ausfallmeldesysteme und der Isolationsmeldesysteme schalten automatisch die angeschlossenen Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 und 4 und erfassen somit nacheinander die Messwerte der an den Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 und 4 angeschlossenen Serienkreise 7. Die Messwerte werden dabei seitens der Ermittlungse rich- tungen 1 und 3 an die Steuereinrichtung 6 in digital gewandelter Form über die Verbindungen 5 übertragen. Die Steuereinrichtung 6 ist dabei an em überlagertes Befeuerungsleitsystem 8 angeschlossen, welches zentral in einem Towerwarte einer Flughafenanlage angeordnet ist und weitere hier nicht dargestellte Befeuerungsgerate 9 wie Konstantstromregler und dergleichen steuert, regelt und überwacht. FIG 2 zeigt das kombinierte Lampenausfall- und Isolationsmeldesystem gemäß FIG 1 in einer funktionalen Darstellung. Die über den PROFIBUS 10 mit dem überlagerten Befeuerungsleitsystem 8 verbundene Steuereinrichtung β ist über den in FIG 2 mit 11 gekennzeichneten Rechner, welcher als Eingabe- und/ oder Ausgabeeinrichtung Verwendung findet, Steuer- und para- metπerbar. Darüber hinaus lasst sich so das kombinierte Lampenausfall- und Isolationsmeldesystem auf dem Rechner visuell darstellen, was insbesondere die Steuer-, Regel- und Uberwa- chungsaufgaben effektiver beherrschbar macht.Figures 1 and 2 show a combined lamp failure and insulation detection system consisting of detection devices 1 and 3, which are serially connected via 24 V inputs / outputs 5 to a control device 6, in this case a SIMATIC S7-300, and detection devices 2 and 4, each create a coupling to a series circuit 7 of a lighting system. The detection devices 1 and 3 of the lamp failure detection systems and the insulation detection systems automatically switch the connected detection devices 2 and 4 and thus record the measured values of the series circuits 7 connected to the detection devices 2 and 4 one after the other. The measurement values are determined by the detection devices 1 and 3 transmitted to the control device 6 in digitally converted form via the connections 5. The control device 6 is connected to a superimposed lighting control system 8, which is arranged centrally in a tower control room of an airport system and controls, regulates and monitors additional lighting devices 9, not shown here, such as constant current controllers and the like. 2 shows the combined lamp failure and insulation detection system according to FIG. 1 in a functional representation. The control device β connected to the superimposed lighting control system 8 via the PROFIBUS 10 can be controlled and parameterized via the computer marked 11 in FIG. 2, which is used as an input and / or output device. In addition, the combined lamp failure and insulation alarm system can be visually displayed on the computer, which in particular makes control, regulation and monitoring tasks more effectively manageable.

Wie anhand von FIG 1 und FIG 2 zu erkennen, ist das kombinierte Lampenausfall- und Isolationsmeldesystem e modulares System, bestehenα aus der Steuereinrichtung 6 zum Einlesen und Ausgeben der seitens der Lampenausfallmeldesysteme und der Isolationsmeldesysteme gegenüber die Busverbindungen 10, wie PROFIBUS oder Ethernet, übertragenen Messwerte, und zum Auswerten αer Messwerte der Lampenausfall- und Isolationsmeldesysteme, welche jeweils aus Ermittlungseinrichtungen 1 und 3 sowie Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 und 4 bestehen.As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the combined lamp failure and insulation detection system is a modular system, consisting of the control device 6 for reading and outputting the measured values transmitted by the lamp failure detection systems and the insulation detection systems with respect to the bus connections 10, such as PROFIBUS or Ethernet , and for evaluating the measured values of the lamp failure and insulation detection systems, which each consist of detection devices 1 and 3 and detection devices 2 and 4.

FIG 3 zeigt em Lampenausfallmeldesystem bestehend aus einer Ermittlungseinrichtung 1 und mehreren Erfassungseinrichtungen 2.3 shows a lamp failure detection system consisting of a detection device 1 and a plurality of detection devices 2.

Die Ermittlungseinrichtung 1 weist eme Schnittstelle 12 zum Anschluss an eme Steuereinrichtung β über entsprechende Bus- leitungen 5, eme Schnittstelle 13 zum Anschluss von Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 und eme Schnittstelle 14 zur Auswahl einer Erfassungseinrichtung 2 auf. Zur Anbmdung an die Steuereinrichtung β, zur Auswahl einer Erfassungseinrichtung 2 und zur Ermittlung der Anzahl ausgefallener Lampen eines Lam- penserienkreises 7 weist die Ermittlungseinrichtung 1 des Lampenausfdllmeldesybtems einen Mikrocontroller 15 auf. Dar- über hinaus umfasst die Ermittlungseinrichtung 1 Mittel 16 zum Bilden eines zeitlichen Messfensters aus einem seitens einer Erfassungseinrichtung 2 erfassten Stromsignals eines Lampenseπenkreises 7 und Mittel 17 zum Aufsummieren eines Spannungssignals innerhalb dieses Messfensters, wobei das Spannungssignal seitens einer Erfassungseinrichtung 2 als Pπmarspannung eines Lampenserienkreises erfasst und digital gewandelt in Aufsummiermitteln 17 zugeführt wird. Die Aufsum- miermittel 17 sind dabei seitens des Mikrocontrollers 15 implementiert .The determination device 1 has an interface 12 for connection to a control device β via corresponding bus lines 5, an interface 13 for connecting detection devices 2 and an interface 14 for selecting a detection device 2. To connect to the control device β, to select a detection device 2 and to determine the number of failed lamps in a lamp series circuit 7, the determination device 1 of the lamp failure reporting system has a microcontroller 15. In addition, the determination device 1 comprises means 16 for forming a temporal measurement window from a current signal of a detection device 2 Lamp sensor circuit 7 and means 17 for summing up a voltage signal within this measurement window, the voltage signal being detected by a detection device 2 as the voltage of a lamp series circuit and supplied digitally converted in summing means 17. The summation means 17 are implemented by the microcontroller 15.

Zur Auswahl einer Erfassungseinrichtung 2 wird seitens des Mikrocontrollers 15 über die Schnittstelle 14 em Relais 18 seitens einer Erfassungseinrichtung 2 angesteuert, wodurch die entsprechend ausgewählte Erfassungsemrichtung 2 über die Schnittstelle 19 und entsprechende Verbindungen 20 mit der Schnittstelle 13 der Ermittlungseinrichtung 1 verbunden wird. Die so ausgewählte Erfassungseinrichtung 2 erfasst so über die Schnittstelle 21 die Primarspannung des mit einem Thyristorsteller 22 thyristorgeregelten Serienkreises 7 und über einen leerlaufenden Lampentransformator 23 e Stromsignal, welches mit dem Messfenstererzeugungsmittel 16 der Ermitt- lungse richtung 1 em Zeitfenster erzeugt, innerhalb welchen die AufSummiermittel 17 der Ermittlungseinrichtung 1 das ana- log-/dιgιtal-gewandelte Pπmarspannungssignal des Lampenserienkreises 7 aufsummiert und seitens des Mikrocontrollers 15 über die Schnittstelle 12 und der PROFIBUS-Verbmdung 5 der Steuereinrichtung 6 zufuhrt. Seitens der Steuereinrichtung 6 anhand des übertragenen aufsummierten Spannungssignals wird festgestellt, wie viele Lampen im Lampenseπenkreis 7 ausgefallen sind. Dabei werden seitens der Steuereinrichtung 6 bzw. seitens des überlagerten Befeuerungsleitsystems 8 ent- sprechende Maßnahmen zur Beseitigung der ausgefallenen Lampen eingeleitet .To select a detection device 2, the microcontroller 15 controls the relay 18 via the interface 14 via a detection device 2, whereby the correspondingly selected detection device 2 is connected to the interface 13 of the determination device 1 via the interface 19 and corresponding connections 20. The detection device 2 selected in this way thus detects, via the interface 21, the primary voltage of the series circuit 7, which is thyristor-controlled with a thyristor controller 22, and a current signal via an idle lamp transformer 23, which generates a time window with the measurement window generating means 16 of the determination device 1, within which the summing means 17 the determination device 1 sums up the analog / digital-converted voltage voltage signal of the lamp series circuit 7 and supplies it to the control device 6 on the part of the microcontroller 15 via the interface 12 and the PROFIBUS connection 5. The control device 6 determines how many lamps in the lamp circuit 7 have failed on the basis of the transmitted accumulated voltage signal. Appropriate measures for eliminating the failed lamps are initiated on the part of the control device 6 or on the part of the superimposed lighting control system 8.

Das in FIG 3 dargestellte Lampenausfallsystem weist seitens der Erfassuugseinricncungen 2 zusätzlich einen Durchsteck- stromwandler 24 auf, welcher über die Schnittstelle 19, denThe lamp failure system shown in FIG. 3 additionally has, on the part of the detection devices 2, a through-current converter 24 which is connected via the interface 19 to the

Verb dungsklemmleisten 20 und der Schnittstelle 13 einen Ef- fektivwertbilder 25 (Roote Means Square (RMS) ) seitens der Er- mittlungsemπchtung 1 zugeführt wird, wobei der ermittelte Effektivwert des Serienstroms des Lampenserienkreises 7 ana- log/digital-gewandelt dem MikroController 1 der Ermittlungseinrichtung 1 zugeführt wird. Damit kann seitens der Ermitt- lungsemrichtung 1 der Steuereinrichtung 6 bzw. dem überlagerten Befeuerungsleitsystem 8 em weiterer Messwert des Lampenserienkreises 7 zur Steuerung, Regelung oder Überwachung zugeführt werden und dient in 6 zur Ermittlung der Intensi- tatsstufe (unabhängig vom Konstantstromregler) . Der so ermit- telte Effektivwert des Serienstromes des Lampenserienkreises 7 ist dabei aufgrund der Verwendung des Durchsteckstromwandlers 24 unabhängig von dem Konstantstromregler des Lampenserienkreises 7, von den in FIG 3 der als Stromwandler dienende Transformator 26 dargestellt ist.Connection terminal strips 20 and the interface 13 an effective value image 25 (Roote Means Square (RMS)) on the part of the averaging device 1 is supplied, the ascertained effective value of the series current of the lamp series circuit 7 being supplied to the microcontroller 1 of the determination device 1 in an analog / digitally converted manner. In this way, the determination device 1 can supply the control device 6 or the superimposed lighting control system 8 with a further measured value from the lamp series circuit 7 for control, regulation or monitoring and serves in 6 to determine the intensity level (regardless of the constant current controller). The rms value of the series current of the lamp series circuit 7 determined in this way is independent of the constant current regulator of the lamp series circuit 7, of which the transformer 26 serving as a current converter is shown in FIG.

Das Lampenausfallmeldesystem gemäß FIG 3 ermöglicht den sicheren Betrieb von Start- bzw. Landepisten und Rollbahnen, für die em fehlerfreier Betrieb der Befeuerung von großer Bedeutung ist. Das Lampenausfallmeldesystem sorgt dafür, dass die aufgrund begrenzt dauernder Lebensdauer durch den Ausfall von Lampen in den Befeuerungsgeraten auftretenden Fehlern unmittelbar nach ihrem Auftreten erkannt und beseitigt werden können. Dabei werden Lampenausfalle unabhängig vom Serien- kreisstrom und dessen Kurvenform seitens der thyristorgergel- ten Serienkreise 7 erkannt und gemeldet. Dabei ist es unerheblich, welches Konstantstromregler-Fabrikat und welcher Konstantstromregler-Typ verwendet wird. Das Lampenausfallmel- desystem meldet die erste und alle weiteren Lampen genau und präzise .The lamp failure detection system according to FIG. 3 enables the safe operation of take-off and landing runways and taxiways, for which error-free operation of the lighting is of great importance. The lamp failure detection system ensures that the errors that occur in the lighting devices due to the limited lifetime due to the failure of lamps can be recognized and eliminated immediately after they occur. Lamp failures are recognized and reported by the thyristor-controlled series circuits 7 regardless of the series circuit current and its curve shape. It is irrelevant which constant current regulator make and which constant current regulator type is used. The lamp failure detection system reports the first and all further lamps precisely and precisely.

Die Ermittlungseinrichtung 1 des Lampenausfallmeldesystems schaltet nacheinander die angeschlossenen Erfassungseinrichtungen 2 an. Die Messung der Strom- und Spannungssignale erfolgt durch die Aufschaltung der einzelnen Erfassungsemπch- tungen 2 auf die Ermittlungseinrichtung 1 über die Relais 18 seitens der Erfassungseinrichtungen 2. Nachdem die Relais 18 auf der Erfassungseinrichtung 2 durch Ansteuerung seitens der Ermittlungseinrichtung 1 geschlossenen wurden, werden vorliegend drei Messwerte, die Sekundarspannung des leerlaufenden Lampentransformators 23 im Serienkreis 7, die galvanisch getrennte Primarspannung des Speisetransformators 27 des Se- πenkreises 7 und den Strom im Serienkreis 7, erfasst über den Durchsteckstromwandler 24. Diese Messwerte werden seitens der Ermittlungseinrichtung 1 eingelesen.The determination device 1 of the lamp failure detection system switches on the connected detection devices 2 one after the other. The measurement of the current and voltage signals is carried out by connecting the individual detection devices 2 to the determination device 1 via the relays 18 on the part of the detection devices 2. After the relays 18 on the detection device 2 are activated by the Determination device 1 were closed, in the present case three measured values, the secondary voltage of the idling lamp transformer 23 in the series circuit 7, the galvanically isolated primary voltage of the feed transformer 27 of the series circuit 7 and the current in the series circuit 7, are recorded via the through-current transformer 24. These measured values are obtained from the Determination device 1 read.

Em Lampenausfall wird bestimmt, über die Messung der Span- nungszeitflache, wahrend dem Messfenster t0 bis tn in der der leerlaufende Lampentransformator 23 noch nicht Sättigung ist. Dieser gewonnene Messwert ist em Maß für den Induktivanteil der Impedanzen des Serienkreises 7. Bei Ausfall einer Lampe, beispielsweise bei Wendelbruch, nimmt die Induktivität des Serienkreises 7 durch den dann leerlaufenden Lampentransformator der defekten Lampe zu. Bei gleichem Typ und Leistung der Lampentransformatoren, d. h. bei gleicher U/I-Kennlmie der Transformatoren, ist die Zunahme der Induktivität proportional zur Anzahl der ausgefallenen Lampen. Sofern die U/I- Kennlinie der Lampentransformatoren untereinander Abweichungen aufweisen, ergibt sich em entsprechend zu berücksichtigender Messfehler.A lamp failure is determined by measuring the voltage time area, while the measurement window t 0 to t n in which the idling lamp transformer 23 is not yet saturated. This measured value obtained is a measure of the inductive component of the impedances of the series circuit 7. If a lamp fails, for example in the event of a filament break, the inductance of the series circuit 7 increases due to the lamp transformer of the defective lamp which then runs empty. With the same type and power of lamp transformers, ie with the same U / I characteristic of the transformers, the increase in inductance is proportional to the number of failed lamps. If the U / I characteristic of the lamp transformers deviate from one another, this results in a measurement error to be taken into account.

Der ermittelte Wert der Spannungszeitflache wird zur Steuer- emrichtung 6 übertragen. Hier erfolgt die Auswertung durch Interpolationen und Extrapolationen, bezogen auf seitens der Steuereinrichtung gespeicherter Kalibrierwerte, so dass seitens der Steuereinrichtung 6 die Anzahl der ausgefallenen Lampen des Lampenserienkreises 7 ermittelt werden können.The determined value of the voltage time area is transmitted to the control device 6. The evaluation is carried out here by interpolations and extrapolations, based on calibration values stored by the control device, so that the number of failed lamps of the lamp series circuit 7 can be determined by the control device 6.

Seitens der Steuereinrichtung 6 werden bei der Kalibrierung für diskrete Werte ausgefallener Lampen des Lampenserienkreises 7 spezifische Werte des Serienkreises 7 ermittelt und gespeichert. Die Speicnerung der Kalibrierwerte ist dabei der- art automatisiert, dass nach Herstellung der Verhaltnisse im Lampenseπenkreis 7 durch Abstecken der Lampen, die ermittel- ten Werte der jeweiligen Stufe des Konstantstromreglers nach Anregung selbständig ablaufen.On the part of the control device 6, specific values of the series circuit 7 are determined and stored during the calibration for discrete values of failed lamps of the lamp series circuit 7. The storage of the calibration values is automated in such a way that after establishing the conditions in the lamp circuit 7 by disconnecting the lamps, the determined The values of the respective level of the constant current controller run independently after excitation.

Neben der Ermittlung der Lampenausfalle seitens des Seπen- kreises 7 wird seitens des Lampenausfallssystems der Effektivwert des Serienstroms unabhängig des Konstantstromreglers des Lampenserienkreises 7 ermittelt und an die Steuereinrichtung 6 übertragen. Seitens der Steuereinrichtung 6 ist so em am Konstantstromregler des Serienkreises 7 unabhängiger Mess- wert des Stroms für Uberwachungszwecke und dergleichen zurIn addition to the determination of the lamp failures on the part of the secondary circuit 7, the effective value of the series current is determined by the lamp failure system independently of the constant current regulator of the lamp series circuit 7 and transmitted to the control device 6. The control device 6 thus provides an independent measured value of the current for monitoring purposes and the like on the constant current controller of the series circuit 7

Verfugung gestellt. Zur Messung wird der Strom zur Ermittlung der Stufe des Konstantstromreglers verwendet. Als Kalibrierung wird der bei vollständig fehlerfreiem Serienkreis 7, d.h. ohne Lampenausfall, ermittelte Strommesswert je Stufe seitens des Konstantstromreglers verwendet.Provided. For the measurement, the current is used to determine the level of the constant current regulator. The calibration is carried out when the series circuit 7 is completely free, i.e. Without lamp failure, the measured current value per stage used by the constant current controller.

FIG 4 zeigt em Isolationsmeldesystem bestehend aus einer Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 und daran angeschlossenen Erfassungseinrichtungen 4. Die Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 des Isolations- meldesystems weist eine Schnittstelle 12, über welche die Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 über eme Verbindung 5 mit der Steuereinrichtung 6 verbindbar ist. Weiter weist die Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 eme Schnittstelle 14 zur Auswahl einer Erfassungseinrichtung 4 durch entsprechende Ansteuerung und Relais 18 seitens der Erfassungseinrichtungen 4 über den zur Steuerung und Auswahl seitens der Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 vorge¬ sehenen Mikrocontroller 15. Die Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 weist des weiteren Mittel 28 zum Erzeugen einer Messspannung in Hohe von 500 V Gleichspannung aus der seitens der Schnitt- stelle 12 zur Verfugung gestellten Gleichspannung von 24 V auf, wobei die Messspannungserzeugung durch Schalten des Relais 29 seitens des Mikrocontrollers 15 der Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 aktiviert wird, wobei vorab oder gleichzeitig die seitens des Mikrocontrollers 15 ausgewählte Erfassungsem- richtung 4 durch Schalten des Relais 18 mit der Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 verbunden wird. Dabei wird die ausgewählte Er- fassungsemπchtung 4 an den Lampenseπenkreis 7 angeschlos- sen und die Messspannung von etwa 500 V Gleichspannung über die Verbmdungsklemmleisten 30 und die ausgewählte Erfassungseinrichtung 4 der Serienkreis 7 beaufschlagt. Seitens der Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 wird über em Widerstandsnetzwerk die Spannung U und der Isolationsfehlerstrom des Serienkreises 7 mittels der Messmittel 31 erfasst. Die von den Messmitteln 31 erfassten Spannungs- und Stromwerte werden dann analog/digital-gewandelt über die Schnittstelle 12 und den BUS 5 der Steuereinrichtung 6 zugeführt.4 shows an insulation detection system consisting of a detection device 3 and detection devices 4 connected to it. The detection device 3 of the insulation detection system has an interface 12 via which the detection device 3 can be connected to the control device 6 via a connection 5. Next, the detecting means 3 eme interface 14 to select a detection device 4 by an appropriate control and relay 18 on the part of the detecting devices 4 15 via the pre-to control and selection by the determination means 3 ¬ provided microcontroller The detector 3 further includes means 28 for generating a Measuring voltage of 500 V DC from the DC voltage of 24 V made available by the interface 12, the measuring voltage generation being activated by switching the relay 29 on the part of the microcontroller 15 of the determining device 3, with the microcontroller first or simultaneously 15 selected detection device 4 is connected to the detection device 3 by switching the relay 18. The selected detection device 4 is connected to the lamp circuit 7. sen and the measuring voltage of about 500 V DC voltage via the connection terminal strips 30 and the selected detection device 4 of the series circuit 7 is applied. On the part of the determination device 3, the voltage U and the insulation fault current of the series circuit 7 are detected via the resistance network by means of the measuring means 31. The voltage and current values detected by the measuring means 31 are then fed to the control device 6 via the interface 12 and the BUS 5 in an analog / digital conversion.

Wie in FIG 4 zu erkennen, weisen die Erfassungseinrichtungen 4 des Isolationsmeldesystems neben dem Relais 18 zur Aufschaltung der Erfassungseinrichtung 4 an eine Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 durch Steuerung seitens des Mikrocontrollers 15 der Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 des weiteren einen Serienkreis- anschluss 32 zur Anbindung an den Serienkreis 7 auf, welcher bis zu 5 kVef auf den Serienkreis geben Kann, des weiteren Filtermittel 33 zur Grobfilterung der Serienkreis-Wechsel- spannung auf. Dabei sind die Filtermittel 33 vorliegend als RC-Glied, bestehend aus einem 2 MΩ großen Widerstand und einem 0,1 μF großen Kondensator ausgebildet, deren Werte auch anders dimensioniert sein können.As can be seen in FIG. 4, in addition to the relay 18 for connecting the detection device 4 to a detection device 3 by control on the part of the microcontroller 15 of the detection device 3, the detection devices 4 of the insulation detection system also have a series circuit connection 32 for connection to the series circuit 7, which can supply up to 5 kV ef to the series circuit, furthermore filter means 33 for coarse filtering of the series circuit AC voltage. In this case, the filter means 33 are in the form of an RC element consisting of a 2 MΩ resistor and a 0.1 μF capacitor, the values of which can also be dimensioned differently.

Die in Befeuerungsanlagen üblicherweise verwendeten Seπen- kreise 7 sind Netzwerke ohne definiertes Nullpotential . Daher fuhrt em erster Fehler, beispielsweise em Erdschluss aufgrund eines Kabelschadens, noch zu keiner Betriebsstörung des Serienkreises, was erwünscht ist, da so wahrend des Flugbetriebes auftretende Fehler die Funktion der Befeuerungsanlage nicht beeinträchtigt. Em weiterer Fehler fuhrt jedoch dazu, dass der zwischen den beiden Fehlern liegende Serienkreisabschnitt kurzgeschlossen wird und die so kurzgeschlossenen Be- feuerungsgerate des Serienkreises vorliegend die Lampen des Lampenserienkreises , nicht mehr betriebsbereit sind.The secondary circuits 7 usually used in lighting systems are networks without a defined zero potential. Therefore, a first fault, for example a ground fault due to a cable damage, does not lead to a malfunction of the series circuit, which is desirable since errors occurring during flight operation do not impair the function of the lighting system. A further fault, however, leads to the series circuit section lying between the two faults being short-circuited and the lighting devices of the series circuit thus short-circuited, the lamps of the lamp series circuit in the present case, being no longer ready for operation.

Das vorliegende Isolationsmeldesystem sorgt dafür, dass der erste Fenler möglichst frühzeitig erkannt wird. Neben dem Erdschlussfall mit niederohmigen Ubergangswiderstand ist auch der Isolationszustand des Serienkreises 7 von Bedeutung, da sich erfahrungsgemäß zunächst hoher ohmige Isolationsschaden zu niederohmigen Erdschlüssen ausbilden.The insulation signaling system at hand ensures that the first window is detected as early as possible. Next to the In the event of an earth fault with a low-impedance contact resistance, the insulation state of the series circuit 7 is also important, since experience has shown that high ohmic insulation damage initially develops into low-resistance earth faults.

Das in FIG 4 dargestellte Isolationsmeldesystem besteht aus Erfassungseinrichtungen 4, welche zweckmaßigerweise in der Nahe der Transformatoren 27 der Serienkreise 7 eingebaut sind, einer Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 und einer Steueremrich- tung 6, welche zur Berechnung des Isolationswertes in Ω einen Messbereich von 1 kΩ bis 1000 MΩ Software zur Berechnung des Isolationswertes aufweist. Dabei verarbeitet die Steuereinrichtung 6, vorliegend eine SIMATIC S7-300 gleichzeitig auch die Lampenausfallmeldesystem-Messungen gemäß FIG 3.The insulation reporting system shown in FIG. 4 consists of detection devices 4, which are expediently installed in the vicinity of the transformers 27 of the series circuits 7, a determination device 3 and a control device 6, which have a measuring range of 1 kΩ to 1000 MΩ for calculating the insulation value in Ω Software for calculating the insulation value. The control device 6, in the present case a SIMATIC S7-300, also processes the lamp failure alarm system measurements according to FIG. 3.

Die Messung erfolgt durch Aufschaltung einer Erfassungseinrichtung 4 auf die Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 über das Relais 18 seitens der Erfassungseinrichtung 4. Nachdem das Relais 18 seitens der Erfassungseinrichtung 4 durch Ansteuerung seitens der Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 geschlossen wurde, wird die seitens der Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 mit dem Spannungserzeuger 28 erzeugte Messspannung auf etwa 500 V Gleichspannung hochgefahren und der dabei im Serienkreis 7 fließende Gleichstrom über die Erfassungseinrichtung 4 seitens der Messmittel 31 gemessen.The measurement is carried out by connecting a detection device 4 to the detection device 3 via the relay 18 on the part of the detection device 4. After the relay 18 has been closed by the detection device 4 by activation by the detection device 3, the measurement voltage generated by the determination device 3 with the voltage generator 28 becomes ramped up to about 500 V DC voltage and the DC current flowing in the series circuit 7 is measured by the measuring means 31 via the detection device 4.

Der Wechselstrom aus dem Serienkreis 7 wird seitens der Erfassungseinrichtung 4 mit dem RC-Glied 33 und seitens der Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 über das Widerstandsnetzwerk herausge- filtert. Das Einschwingen des Messgleichstroms, der im wesentlichen bestimmt wird durch den Innen-Widerstand der Messschaltung (vorliegend Reihenschaltung von 2,0 MΩ und 0,2 MΩ) , dem Isolationswiderstand Rlso und der Kabelkapazitat , wird seitens der

Figure imgf000018_0001
31 auf der Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 überwacht. Beim Erreichen eines vorgebbaren Beharrungswertes, d. h. bei Erreichen einer vorgebbaren zeitlichen Änderung des erfassten Stromsignals bzw. des Wertes des erfassten Stromsignals werden die seitens der Messmittel 31 erfassten Spannungs- und Stromwerte analog/digital-gewandelt und an die Steuereinrichtung 6 seitens der Schnittstelle 12 der Ermittlungseinrichtungen 3 über die BUS-Verbindung 5 übertragen. Seitens der Messspannungserzeugungsmittel wird die Messspannung von 500 V Gleichspannung heruntergefahren und das Relais 18 der ausgewählten Erfassungseinrichtung 4 geöffnet. Anschließend wird das Relais 18 der als nächstes ausgewählten Erfassungseinrichtung 4 geschlossenen und em entsprechend neuer Messzyklus für die neu ausgewählte Erfassungseinrichtung 4 gestartet.The alternating current from the series circuit 7 is filtered out by the detection device 4 with the RC element 33 and by the determination device 3 via the resistance network. The settling of the measuring direct current, which is essentially determined by the internal resistance of the measuring circuit (in the present case a series connection of 2.0 MΩ and 0.2 MΩ), the insulation resistance R lso and the cable capacitance, is on the part of the
Figure imgf000018_0001
31 monitored on the determination device 3. When a predeterminable steady-state value is reached, ie when a predefinable temporal change in the detected current signal or the value of the detected value is reached Current signal, the voltage and current values detected by the measuring means 31 are converted analog / digital and transmitted to the control device 6 by the interface 12 of the determination devices 3 via the BUS connection 5. On the part of the measuring voltage generating means, the measuring voltage is reduced from 500 V DC voltage and the relay 18 of the selected detection device 4 is opened. Subsequently, the relay 18 of the next selected detection device 4 is closed and started in accordance with a new measuring cycle for the newly selected detection device 4.

Zur Erhonung der Messgenauigkeit und Langzeitstabilitat , insbesondere bei Isolationswerten > 10 MΩ werden bei jedem Um- lauf, d. h. bei jedem Abtasten der mit der Ermittlungseinrichtung 3 verbindbaren Erfassungseinrichtungen 4 zusätzlich Messungen zum Abgleich durchgeführt, vorliegend em Nullab- gleich und eme Messung oei aufgeschaltetem Referenzwiderstand seitens der Ermittlungseinrichtung 3, der vorliegend 10 MΩ betragt, aber auch andere Werte aufweisen kann.To increase the measuring accuracy and long-term stability, especially with insulation values> 10 MΩ, each cycle, ie. H. each time the detection devices 4 that can be connected to the determination device 3 are scanned, additional measurements are carried out for the comparison, in the present case zero calibration and a measurement without an applied reference resistance on the part of the determination device 3, which in the present case is 10 MΩ, but can also have other values.

Die Steuereinrichtung 6 errechnet aus den übertragenen Strom- und Spannungsmesswerten des Nullabgleichs und des Referenzwertes die Isolationswerte der angeschlossenen Serienkreise 7.The control device 6 calculates the insulation values of the connected series circuits 7 from the transmitted current and voltage measured values of the zero adjustment and the reference value.

Das Isolationsmeldesystem bringt durch Verwendung von Buslei- tungen, einen geringeren Montage- und Materialaufwand mit sich und ermöglicht so eine einfachere Verdrahtung und Sig- nalzufuhrung zu den Befeuerungsgeraten. Darüber hinaus ist em kostengünstiger Systemaufbau gegeben. Das Lampenausfallmeldesystem bringt im übrigen eine Zeitersparnis durch die automatische Kalibrierung des Lampenausfallmeldesystems . Darüber hinaus ist eine zuverlässigere Messung auch bei hetero- genen Serienkreisen, d.h. Lampenserienkreisen mit Glüh- und Leuchtstofflampen gegeben. Über em übergeordnetes Visuali- sierungssystem der Steuereinrichtung 6 lassen sich die Funk- tionen des Lampenausfallmeldesystems überaus einfach und effektiv zum Steuern, Regeln oder Überwachen bedienen. Die zusätzliche Erfassung des Effektivwertes des Serienkreisstroms stellt darüber hinaus weitere Möglichkeiten zur Steuerung, Regelung oder Überwachung bereit. Die automatische Kalibrierung lasst ansonsten dafür erforderliche Spezialisten überflüssig werden.Thanks to the use of bus lines, the insulation signaling system entails less assembly and material expenditure and thus enables easier wiring and signal supply to the lighting devices. In addition, there is an inexpensive system structure. The lamp failure detection system also saves time by automatically calibrating the lamp failure detection system. In addition, there is a more reliable measurement even with heterogeneous series circuits, ie lamp series circuits with incandescent and fluorescent lamps. The radio signals can be transmitted via a higher-level visualization system of the control device 6. functions of the lamp failure detection system are extremely easy and effective to operate, control or monitor. The additional detection of the RMS value of the series circuit current also provides further options for control, regulation or monitoring. The automatic calibration eliminates the need for specialists otherwise required for this.

Seitens des Isolationsmeldesystems wird durch die Verwendung von Bussystemen, der Montage- und Materialaufwand reduziert und eine einfachere Verdrahtung und Signalzufuhrung zu den Befeuerungsgeraten gegeben. Das Isolationsmeldesystem ermöglicht durch Verwendung von Ermittlungseinrichtungen 3 und Erfassungseinrichtungen 4 einen kostensparenden Systemaufbau. Darüber hinaus weist das Isolationsmeldesystem einen erweiterten Messbereich von 0 bis 1000 MΩ, kürzere Aufschaltzei- ten der Serienkreise und genauere Messungen durch Verwendung von Refereiizwiderstanden auf. Darüber hinaus lassen sich über die Steuereinrichtung 6 übergeordnete Visualisierungssysteme einsetzen, die die Bedienung zum Steuern, Regeln oder Überwachen weiter vereinfachen. On the part of the insulation detection system, the use of bus systems reduces the installation and material costs and simplifies the wiring and signal supply to the lighting devices. The insulation detection system enables a cost-saving system structure by using determination devices 3 and detection devices 4. In addition, the insulation detection system has an extended measuring range from 0 to 1000 MΩ, shorter connection times of the series circuits and more precise measurements by using reference resistors. In addition, higher-level visualization systems can be used via the control device 6, which further simplify the operation for controlling, regulating or monitoring.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Lampenausfallmeldesystem für Befeuerungsanlagen auf Flugplätzen und dergleichen bestehend aus einer Einrichtung zur Ermittlung der Anzahl ausgefallener Lampen eines Lampenserienkreises (7) und wenigstens einer Einrichtung (2) zur Erfassung wenigstens eines Stromsignals und wenigstens eines Spannungssignals des Lampenserienkreises (7), wobei die Ermittlungseinrichtung (1) aus dem wenigstens einen Stromsignal ein Messfenster bildet, innerhalb dieses Messfensters das wenigstens eine Spannungssignal aufsummiert und das aufsummierte Spannungssignal an eine Steuereinrichtung (6) übertragt.1. Lamp failure detection system for lighting systems on airfields and the like, comprising a device for determining the number of failed lamps in a lamp series circuit (7) and at least one device (2) for detecting at least one current signal and at least one voltage signal from the lamp series circuit (7), the determination device ( 1) forms a measurement window from the at least one current signal, adds up the at least one voltage signal within this measurement window and transmits the added voltage signal to a control device (6). 2. Lampenausfallmeldesystem nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Ermittlungseinrichtung den Wert des aufsummierten Spannungssignals an die Steuereinrichtung (6) übertragt, vorzugsweise digital.2. Lamp failure notification system according to claim 1, so that the determination device transmits the value of the accumulated voltage signal to the control device (6), preferably digitally. 3. Lampenausfallmeldesystem nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Ermittlungseinrichtung (1) wenigstens eine Schnittstelle (12) zum Anschluss an eine Steuereinrichtung (6), wenigstens eine Schnittstelle (13,14) zum Anschluss einer Erfassungseinrichtung (2), Mittel (15,18) zur Auswahl einer Erfassungseinrich- tung (2), Mittel (16) zum Bilden eines Messfensters aus einem Stromsignal und Mittel (17) zum Aufsummieren eines Spannungssignals innerhalb eines Messfensters umfasst.3. Lamp failure notification system according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the determining device (1) at least one interface (12) for connection to a control device (6), at least one interface (13, 14) for connecting a detection device (2), means (15, 18) for selecting a detection device (2), means (16) for forming a measurement window from a current signal and means (17) for summing a voltage signal within a measurement window. 4. Lampenausfallmeldesystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Ermittlungseinrichtung des weiteren Mittel (25) zur Effektivwertbildung aufweist.4. The lamp failure detection system as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, that the detection device further has means (25) for forming the effective value. 5. Lampenausfallmeldesystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Erfassungseinrichtung einen Durchsteckstromwandler (24) zum Er- fassen eines Stromsignals seitens des Serienkreises (7) aufweist .5. Lamp failure detection system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the detection device comprises a through-current transformer (24) for detection. has a current signal on the part of the series circuit (7). 6. Isolationsmeldesystem für Befeuerungsanlagen auf Flugplat- zen und dergleichen, bestehend aus einer Einrichtung (3) zur Ermittlung des Isolationswiderstandes eines Serienstromkreis- kabels und wenigstens einer Einrichtung (4) zur Erfassung eines Stromsignals des Serienkreises (7), wobei die Ermittlungseinrichtung (3) ein Spannungssignal erzeugt, mit diesem den Serienkreis (7) über die Erfassungseinrichtung (4) beaufschlagt und bei einer vorgebbaren zeitlichen Änderung des erfassten Stromsignals das Strom- und das Spannungssignal an eine Steuereinrichtung (6) übertragt.6. Isolation detection system for lighting systems on airports and the like, consisting of a device (3) for determining the insulation resistance of a series circuit cable and at least one device (4) for detecting a current signal of the series circuit (7), the determination device (3) generates a voltage signal, applies it to the series circuit (7) via the detection device (4) and transmits the current and voltage signals to a control device (6) in the event of a predefinable change in the detected current signal over time. 7. Isolationsmeldesystem nach Anspruch 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Ermittlungseinrichtung den Wert des erfassten Stromsignals an die Steuereinrichtung (6) übertragt, vorzugsweise digital.7. Isolation signaling system according to claim 6, so that the determination device transmits the value of the detected current signal to the control device (6), preferably digitally. 8. Isolationsmeldesystem nach Anspruch 6 oder Anspruch 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Ermittlungseinrichtung (3) wenigstens eine Schnittstelle (12) zum Anschluss an eine Steuereinrichtung (6), wenigstens eine Schnittstelle (14,13) zum Anschluss einer Erfassungseinrich- tung (4) Mittel (15) zur Auswahl einer Erfassungseinrichtung (4), Mittel (28) zum Erzeugen eines Spannungssignals und Mittel (31) zum Messen von Strom- und Spannungssignalen umfasst.8. Isolation detection system according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that the determination device (3) at least one interface (12) for connection to a control device (6), at least one interface (14, 13) for connection of a detection device (4) Means (15) for selecting a detection device (4), means (28) for generating a voltage signal and means (31) for measuring current and voltage signals. 9. Lampenausfallmeldesystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 bzw. Isolationsmeldesysteme nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Schnittstelle (12) zum Anschluss an die Steuereinrichtung (6) eine Busschnittstelle ist.9. lamp failure detection system according to one of claims 1 to 5 or insulation detection systems according to one of claims 6 to 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the interface (12) for connection to the control device (6) is a bus interface. 10. Lampenausfallmeldesystem bzw. Isolationsmeldesystem nach Anspruch 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Busschnittstelle (10) zum Anschluss an eine Steuereinrichtung (8) redundant ausgebildet ist.10. lamp failure detection system or insulation detection system according to claim 9, characterized in that the bus interface (10) is designed to be redundant for connection to a control device (8). 11. Lampenausfallmeldesystem bzw. Isolationsmeldesystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Steuereinrichtung (6) eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung (SPS) ist, vorzugsweise vom Typ SIMATIC. 11. Lamp failure detection system or insulation detection system according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the control device (6) is a programmable logic controller (PLC), preferably of the type SIMATIC.
PCT/DE2001/000635 2000-02-21 2001-02-20 Lamp failure and insulation alarm system Ceased WO2001063976A1 (en)

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US7023217B1 (en) 2004-12-16 2006-04-04 Honeywell International Inc. Method and apparatus for determining wear of resistive and conductive elements
EP1942707A1 (en) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-09 Applied Materials, Inc. Lamp failure detector
CN104994635A (en) * 2015-06-29 2015-10-21 芜湖倍思科创园有限公司 Intelligent indoor lamp
EP3923684A1 (en) * 2020-06-11 2021-12-15 Ellego Powertec OY A method for determining the location of an open-circuit fault in an electrical circuit and an electrical circuit

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US3829735A (en) * 1972-01-28 1974-08-13 Plessey Handel Investment Ag Airfield lighting circuit arrangements
US4323841A (en) * 1979-04-04 1982-04-06 Christian Gundorph Albertus Indicating device for use in airfield lighting plants technical field
JPH10294185A (en) * 1997-04-17 1998-11-04 Koito Ind Ltd Constant current light intensity adjustment device

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7023217B1 (en) 2004-12-16 2006-04-04 Honeywell International Inc. Method and apparatus for determining wear of resistive and conductive elements
EP1942707A1 (en) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-09 Applied Materials, Inc. Lamp failure detector
US7923933B2 (en) 2007-01-04 2011-04-12 Applied Materials, Inc. Lamp failure detector
US8106591B2 (en) 2007-01-04 2012-01-31 Applied Materials, Inc. Lamp failure detector
CN104994635A (en) * 2015-06-29 2015-10-21 芜湖倍思科创园有限公司 Intelligent indoor lamp
EP3923684A1 (en) * 2020-06-11 2021-12-15 Ellego Powertec OY A method for determining the location of an open-circuit fault in an electrical circuit and an electrical circuit

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