WO2001059326A1 - Automatic gearbox for controlling speed and torque - Google Patents

Abstract

The objective of the invention is to develop a gearbox enabling the torque produced by the engine to be transmitted to the wheels at a required speed within an optimum speed range and inversely, to adapt the speed of the engine (15) automatically to the speed of the wheels (2) and the power required by the wheels. This is achieved by arranging an automatic gearbox for controlling engine speed and torque in the form of a bevel gear planetary gearbox known per se (10) around a central shaft (3) with a control slider (4) and by providing said gearbox with a hydraulic control device with hydraulic oil ducts and hydraulic pumps (8). The invention relates to an automatic gearbox for controlling speed and torque. Preferably, said gearbox is used in the automotive industry in passenger cars or goods vehicles or during simultaneous application of several different power transmissions and speed adaptation systems.

Description

 Automatic transmission to control speed and torque

The invention relates to an automatic transmission for controlling speed and

Torque, which is preferably used in vehicle construction for car and truck construction or when using several different power transmissions and speed adjustments

Automatic transmissions in motor vehicle construction are already known

Automatic transmissions take over the switching of the switching stages without interrupting the power circuit. However, they have a relatively complicated structure, high weight and are expensive. Continuously variable transmissions are usually designed as wedge chain chains, the power transmission being based on friction, so that the performance limits are reached very quickly it can only be used for smaller power transmissions, preferably cars. They are unsuitable for trucks

In the normal manual transmission, the speed combination is between

Motor and wheels can be selected by hand depending on the speed. This transmission is also relatively complicated

According to the published patent application DE 2 633 090, a force transmission device in the manner of a hydromechanical device Ner branching gear for motor vehicles known. It is designed as a hydromechanical speed transmission. In this case, the flow of force is distributed to a positive-locking gear driven by the transmission input shaft and to a variable transmission which enables a variable transmission ratio and is reunited via a summing gear.

An overrunning clutch is connected to the positive-locking gearbox and the summing gearbox to avoid overspeeding. As a manual transmission, however, it does not have an automatic transition from one to the other

Gears or speeds.

Furthermore, an automatic differential transmission according to DE 195 302 45 is known, in which there is no more switching and minimum and maximum torques result from different gear pairings, so that the transition takes place depending on the speed. The gearbox has two differentials with several gears arranged in between.

A known with DE 195 259 1 1 gearbox with rotation ratio has two bevel gears of the same size on the drive shaft. This causes a frame and two other bevel gears to rotate; the revolution gear drives a planetary gear with gear wheels.

The continuously variable toroidal transmission for motor vehicles known from DE 44 464 26 consists of a drive-side shaft, a drive and output-side disk, a disk-shaped drive roller in a toroidal groove and a separate control device, which are connected by a transmission roller to gears. Power is transmitted via a valve piston and the gearwheels and thus drive and speed control. However, the construction of this transmission is complicated and prone to failure. Since it all known gearboxes that are used in vehicles are complex and extremely complicated. The interaction of many individual parts means that the gearboxes have not inconsiderable friction losses or control losses

They have a high weight, which reduces the output of the usable torque. There are considerable energy losses due to the power transmission, although this is even higher with automatic transmissions

The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a transmission with which the torque generated by the motor is transmitted to the wheels at the required speed in the optimum speed range of the motor and, conversely, the speed of the motor is automatically adapted to the speed of the wheels and the power requirement of the wheels becomes

The present object of the invention is achieved by an Automatgetπebe for controlling speed and torque, which is arranged as a known bevel gear planetary gear around a central shaft with a control slide and a hydraulic m in the middle around the central shaft

Has control device with hydraulic oil lines and hydraulic lkpumpen This hydraulic control device is constructed according to the invention from the central shaft with a centrally arranged control slide, consisting of slide rod with slide heads, and has a hydraulic oil line with openings ending on the central shaft and two hydraulic pumps

As is known, the bevel gear planet consists of a drive wheel driven by a drive shaft with an anti-friction motor and a drive wheel, a drive and driven bevel gear and planetary bevel gears. The hydraulic control device according to the invention is between the one mounted on the central shaft and the drive shaft and drive motor driven drive bevel gear and the driven bevel gear mounted on the central shaft rotatably.

The hydraulic pumps arranged in pairs at the ends of the control device are connected to the planetary bevel gears via pump drive shafts.

The central shaft has circumferential oil grooves with oil bores for the hydraulic fluid flowing from the hydraulic oil line through the openings to the control slide.

The flow cross-section of the oil bores in the central shaft and thus the amount of hydraulic fluid flowing into the central shaft can be changed by moving the hydraulic control slide.

The automatic transmission according to the invention can be used with a corresponding structure of the control slide for the combination of several different drive torques on one drive shaft.

It is also fully effective as a hydraulic transmission brake when the drive motor is switched off.

According to the invention, the automatic transmission can also be constructed as a spur planetary gear with the same function. The drive takes place via a drive sprocket, the transmission of speed and torque through the planet gears also via the hydraulic control device to the driven gear.

An advantage of the automatic transmission according to the invention over conventional transmissions is also the utilization of the braking effect of a drive motor running in the thrust area, the speed of the drive motor being freely selectable relative to the wheels and thus different braking forces acting on the vehicle. If the drive motor is switched off and locked when driving downhill, the transmission can be used as a fully hydraulic transmission brake. No wearing parts such as brake pads are required. This z. B. Retarder brakes are unnecessary. The energy and fuel consumption in this operating area (downhill) is also zero. When loosening the

Motor lock, the drive motor is restarted by the inertia of the vehicle and the journey continues in normal operation.

Another advantage of this gearbox is that it is possible to select the optimum speeds for the operating range by freely selecting the speeds, preferably the maximum engine speed at maximum acceleration. In this operating range, the engine can continuously deliver full power

Make available until the desired top speed is reached.

This saves a change of speed through individual gear steps and gear changes. Compared to conventional transmissions, the power can be better transferred to the wheels, the better acceleration values enable lower fuel consumption. If the power requirement decreases, the engine speed is reduced regardless of the speed of the vehicle until the engine speed is adapted to the power requirement of the wheels.

The automatic transmission according to the invention thus has the following advantages over the previously known automatic transmissions:

Reduction of engine speed in the average driving range,

Reduction of fuel consumption and wear, lower environmental pollution. The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

1: a bevel gear planetary gear with control in a schematic representation,

2: the structure of the control slide with a drive,

3: the structure of the control slide with two drives in different positions Fig. 3a, 3b, 3c,

4: the speed diagram,

5: the torque diagram,

Fig. 6: a spur planetary gear.

The transmission according to the invention can be designed as a bevel gear or spur planetary gear (Fig. 1, Fig. 6). The design as a bevel gear planetary gear is to be shown in more detail because it is for the

Use in motor vehicles appears to be the cheapest.

1 und einem Abtriebsrad 2 , die das eigentliche Planetengetriebe antreiben und das Drehmoment mit bedarfsgerechter Geschwindigkeit und Drehzahl abgeben.The transmission according to the invention consists of a

1 and an output gear 2, which drive the actual planetary gear and deliver the torque at the required speed and speed.

The controllable gear unit according to the invention is a bevel gear planetary gear, which is characterized in that it is arranged on a fixed central shaft 3 connected to the housing 12, in which the control slide 4 for the speed change and

Torque adjustment is located. The structure of the control slide 4 is straightforward and can be compared with that of a completely normal hydraulic control block. Some special functions are carried out in the design shown here

2 shows the construction of the control slide 4 according to the invention, as long as only one energy generator is available. The construction of the control slide 4 is more complicated when several energy sources are fed in and have to be combined on the abtπebsrad 2

3 shows the structure of the control slide 4 according to the invention in a different functional position when two different types of drive act on the transmission according to the invention

In the opposite direction, for example when reversing the

Motor vehicle via an external hydraulic steering pump, which can be connected to the drive shaft 13, an oil flow in the central shaft 3 is given to the hydraulic motor pumps 8 so that the rotation of the driven wheel 2 can take place in the opposite direction

On the central shaft 3, the drive bevel gear 5 and the Abtπebskegelrad 6 are arranged on ball bearings and between them the hydraulic control device 7 This hydraulic control device 7 has at its outer ends ιeweιls in pairs at least one pair of hydraulic motors or pumps 8, both in certain operating areas

Assuming functions On their pump drive shafts 9, the respective planetary bevel gears 10 are arranged, which drive the motors or pumps 8 in the required rotation according to the operating state and thus enable the drive wheel 1 or driven wheel 2 to function as required The hydraulic control device 7 is rotatably mounted on the central shaft 3. The hydraulic oil line 14 has 4 openings to the central shaft 3, through which the hydraulic fluid flows from the central shaft 3 or into the central shaft 3 through the circumferential oil grooves with circumferential oil bores 11 contained therein to the internal control slide 4 (FIG. 2).

In the illustration shown in FIG. 3, the hydraulic control device 7 has eight openings to the central shaft 3. In this embodiment, there are preferably four oil grooves with eight oil bores 11 on the shaft 3. In the hydraulic lines, the flow direction is determined by correspondingly arranged check valves in order to achieve a enable flawless control.

Figure 4 and Figure 5 show the speed and torque diagram.

The oil flow is ensured around the central shaft 3 in every position of the hydraulic control device 7. If the drive wheel 1 is driven by an external motor 15 and the driven wheel 2 is to be stationary, the planetary bevel gears 10 roll on the driven wheel 2. With a gear ratio of 1: 1: 1 assumed here (drive: planet: abortion),

The engine is idling and the vehicle is stationary at around 500 revolutions per minute, the planetary bevel gears 10 and the hydraulic control device 7 each at 250 revolutions per minute, the driven gear 2 being stationary (speed diagram, FIG. 4, line a). In this case, the oil flow is fully released and is depressurized.

In the torque diagram in FIG. 5 line a, the torque dcb drive bevel gear 5 is fully transmitted to the output bevel gear 6.

If a force is required on the driven gear 2, the hydraulic control slide 4 located in the fixed central shaft 3 is used to control the

Flow cross section of the oil holes 1 1 in the central shaft 3 reduced. This builds up pressure, which is then passed on to the planetary bevel gears 10. These planetary bevel gears 10 in turn distribute the resulting force evenly to the input and output gear 1, 2 (torque diagram in FIG. 5, line b). Line c of the torque diagram FIG. 5 shows when the vehicle is stationary

(Torque driven bevel gear 6 = 0) the distribution of the torque of the drive bevel gear 5 on the planetary bevel gears 10 and the control device 7.

If the flow is reduced, the pressure increases. This reinforces the

Force on the planetary bevel gears 10 and on the driven gear 2 until the oil holes 1 1 are completely blocked, d. H. the planetary bevel gears 10 come to a standstill in relation to the hydraulic control device 7, the speed being transmitted 100% to the driven gear 2. This is shown in the speed diagram in FIG. 4. Line a shows the status of the running drive motor 15 in idle speed with approximately 500 revolutions per minute of the drive wheel 1, with 250 revolutions per minute of the hydraulic control device 7, with 250 revolutions per minute of the planetary bevel gears 10 to the hydraulic control device 7 with the driven driven wheel 2 at a standstill. The oil flow is depressurized.

The maximum speed of the drive motor 15 is assumed in this diagram at 3000 revolutions per minute. Line b is assumed in this case at maximum speed and the flow of hydraulic oil is stopped to zero. This means that speed and torque (force) are fully transmitted.

If the control slide 4 is opened again and the oil flow begins in the opposite direction, the process proceeds in the reverse order, ie the oil flows in the opposite direction and the speed of the driven gear 2 can increase indefinitely compared to that of the drive bevel gear 5. So there is no speed limit on the output due to the gearbox, and it is one Free choice of input and output speeds possible without interrupting the adhesion. This is represented by line c of the speed diagram in FIG. 4.

With additional feed of hydraulic oil through a to the

Additional hydraulic pump connected to the drive shaft 13, it is possible that the driven bevel gear 6 can also run in the opposite direction (for example - 500 rpm) and the drive bevel gear 5 can still run in the same direction (for example + 500 rpm), represented by line d, Figure 4.

In Figure 6, the structure of a spur planetary gear is shown. This corresponds in function to the bevel gear planetary gear described. The drive takes place via the drive sprocket 12, the transmission of speed and torque takes place through the planet gears 18 via the hydraulic control device 7 to the driven gear 19.

The transmission according to the invention sits in place of the clutch, the drive sprocket 17 of the transmission is connected to the flywheel 16 of the motor 15. The structure of the control slide 4 corresponds to the above description.

If there is no power requirement, the engine is returned to the idling range or switched off completely. If power from the engine is required again, the inertia of the rolling vehicle reduces the oil flow through the hydraulic control device 7. So that the force is transmitted to the drive motor 15 and this is made to run again.

This can be achieved by moving the control spool 4, which eliminates shifting, clutching or starting as in conventional vehicles. Since the speed of the drive motor 15 can be adjusted to the required torque and maximum speeds and powers are only required in the operating range in rare cases, it is possible to work with relatively low speeds of the drive motor 15 very often. at In known Getπeben the motor must run at all switching stages, in the Getπebe invention the motor can be switched off

The performance of this gearbox is not yet exhausted with the advantages mentioned above. It can take on further functions, preferably with the

Combination of several drive torques on one drive shaft (represented by the slide construction and positions in Figure 3 a, b, c)

According to the invention, a further usable torque is generated in that hydraulic piston is fed into the central shaft 3 of the hydraulic control device 7 and the torque is transmitted to the driven wheel 2 (FIG. 3 c)

For the adjustment of the control slide 4 electronic or mechanical control aids are arranged according to the invention, which react more precisely to the respective operating conditions and thus can completely free people from control and switching functions. Man can direct his entire concentration on road traffic because with the actuation speed changes and the entire control can be realized

There is the possibility of making the transmission according to the invention usable for extra narrow spaces by means of an additional hydraulic pump 20 (FIG. 1)

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 bevel planetary gear drive gear

2 output gear bevel gear planetary gear

3 central shaft

4 control spool 4/1 spool 4/2 spool head

5 drive bevel gear

6 output bevel gear

7 hydraulic control device

8 Hydraulic pump / motor 9 Pump drive shaft

10 planetary bevel gears

11 circumferential oil groove with oil holes

12 housing

13 Drive shaft 14 Hydraulic oil line

15 drive motor

16 flywheel

17 drive sprocket

18 planet gears 19 drive gear spur planetary gear

20 hydraulic pump for external energy supply m speed [rpm]

M torque

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Automatic transmission for controlling speed and torque, consisting of drive and driven gear, drive shaft, several bevel gears, characterized in that - That it is arranged as a drive and driven gear (1; 2), drive and driven bevel gear (5; 6) and planetary bevel gears (10) bevel gear planetary gear around a central shaft (3) with a control slide (4) and - that it in the middle around the central shaft (3) a hydraulic one Has control device (7) with a hydraulic oil line (14) and associated hydraulic pumps (8). 2. Automatic transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that - the hydraulic control device (7) from the central shaft (3) with the centrally arranged and consisting of slide rod (4/1) and slide heads (4/2) existing control slide (4), - from the hydraulic oil line (14) with openings ending on the central shaft (3) and - from at least two hydraulic pumps or motors (8) with Pump drive shafts (9) is constructed. 3. Automatic transmission according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in - That it is arranged in a housing (12) connected to the central shaft (3). 4. Automatic transmission according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in - That the hydraulic control device (7) between the mounted on the central shaft (3) and on the drive shaft (13) with the drive motor (15) driven drive bevel gear (5) and on the central shaft (3) applied driven bevel gear (6) rotatable is stored. 5. Automatic transmission according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in - That the paired at the ends of the hydraulic control device (7) arranged hydraulic pumps (8) via the pump drive shafts (9) with the planetary bevel gears (10) are connected. 6. Automatic transmission according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in - That the central shaft (3) has circumferential oil grooves (11) with oil holes for the hydraulic oil line (14) through the openings to the control slide (4) flowing hydraulic fluid. 7. Automatic transmission according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that - in the central shaft (3) located displaceable hydraulic Control spool (4) changes the flow cross-section of the oil holes in the central shaft (3). 8. Automatic transmission according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in - That it can be used to combine several drive torques on one drive shaft (13). 9. Automatic transmission according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in - That it can be used as a hydraulic transmission brake when the engine (15) is switched off. 10. Automatic transmission according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in - That it is arranged as a spur planetary gear with a drive sprocket (17) and planet gears (18) around the central shaft (3) with the control slide (4) and - That the central shaft (3) with the rotating hydraulic control device (7) is firmly connected to the driven gear (19) and the transmission of speed and torque to the driven gear depending on the position of the control slide (4).