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WO2001041243A1 - Pile a combustible comportant un circuit d'agent d'oxydation - Google Patents

Pile a combustible comportant un circuit d'agent d'oxydation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001041243A1
WO2001041243A1 PCT/EP2000/010925 EP0010925W WO0141243A1 WO 2001041243 A1 WO2001041243 A1 WO 2001041243A1 EP 0010925 W EP0010925 W EP 0010925W WO 0141243 A1 WO0141243 A1 WO 0141243A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
circuit
cathode
oxidising agent
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2000/010925
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hendrik Dohle
Stefanie Von Andrian
Reinhard Menzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Publication of WO2001041243A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001041243A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell.
  • Several fuel cells are regularly mechanically and electrically connected to one another in order to achieve high voltages and / or electrical currents.
  • fuel cells which have a cathode, an electrolyte and an anode.
  • An oxidizing agent e.g. air
  • fuel e.g. hydrogen
  • the operating materials reach the electrodes and accumulate here.
  • the depleted resources then exit and are led out of the fuel cell.
  • Oxygen ions are formed in the presence of the oxidizing agent on the cathode of the high-temperature fuel cell known from DE 44 30 958 A1.
  • the oxygen ions pass through the solid electrolyte and recombine on the anode side with the hydrogen from the fuel to form water.
  • the recombination releases electrons and thus generates electrical energy.
  • Operating temperatures of a high-temperature fuel cell are typically around 800 degrees Celsius.
  • Protons are formed on the anode of the fuel cell known from DE 195 31 852 C1 in the presence of the fuel by means of a catalyst.
  • the protons pass through the membrane (electrolytes) and combine on the cathode side with the oxygen from the oxidizing agent to form water.
  • the electrons are released at the anode and consumed at the cathode, generating electrical energy.
  • a mixture of gases and / or liquids is usually present in an electrode space of a fuel cell. It can be fuel gases diluted with inert gases. By reforming and oxidizing a fuel such as a methanol-water mixture, further inert gases such as carbon dioxide can occur in the electrode space concerned. Air and thus the inert gas nitrogen are regularly fed to the cathode.
  • the gases or liquids on the respective electrodes should be mixed homogeneously in order to achieve good performance.
  • non-humidified gases that is to say gases which are not separately humidified in humidification devices
  • the electrode surfaces are to be supplied with operating means in a particularly uniform manner. Otherwise there is an increased risk of local drying out of an electrode and possibly an electrolyte membrane. Local dehydration results in loss of performance and can cause damage. If there is a temperature gradient can overheat the fuel cell locally. Local dehydration can result.
  • Thermal gradients should generally be avoided, since they can have a damaging effect and reduce the efficiency, since the operating temperature cannot necessarily be optimal.
  • Water is generated on the cathode side of fuel cells based on proton conductors. This must be removed regularly, as otherwise diff layers or channels will become clogged.
  • the equipment In order to achieve good efficiencies and to ensure operation, the equipment must be distributed and mixed spatially uniformly in a fuel cell. In addition, unwanted products such as water must be removed from the electrode compartments.
  • the publication DE 197 90 15 256 AI can be seen to provide distributor structures in an electrode space (space in which the electrode is located).
  • the distribution structures are designed like a comb. They should cause an even distribution of the equipment in the respective room.
  • German patent application DE 198 08 331 AI it has been proposed to provide a plurality of feed channels and adjacent discharge channels. These channels have holes that adjoin the electrode of the fuel cell. The equipment flows through the holes and thus reaches perpendicular to the electrode and to the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode. In the same way, they flow out again vertically.
  • the holes are also of different sizes in order to achieve an even distribution of the gases along the electrode surfaces.
  • the low intermixing is disadvantageous in particular when local, reaction-related temperature gradients occur.
  • a temperature difference results in a lower efficiency because the operating temperature differs locally from an optimum temperature.
  • the construction with the separate inlet and outlet channels also basically halves the areas through which the operating materials enter the fuel cell or a stack of fuel cells.
  • This disadvantage can be compensated for by a higher throughput.
  • a higher throughput results in a higher pressure loss and thus a lower efficiency.
  • a fuel cell stack is formed by a plurality of fuel cells which are mechanically and electrically connected to one another via connecting elements.
  • a perforated plate is understood to mean a flat component provided with holes. This plate is parallel to the layers of the fuel cell (electrodes - and
  • Electrolyte layers arranged.
  • the corresponding equipment is fed in and out via the adjacent room or duct.
  • the holes in the plate are macroscopically large, so they are visible to the naked eye.
  • the density and / or the diameter of the holes in particular increases in the direction of flow of the gas. This equal distribution has the consequence that electrochemical reactions in the fuel cell are evenly distributed. The occurrence of a temperature gradient can thus be counteracted.
  • the gas supply is also the gas discharge.
  • Gases pass through the holes to the adjacent electrode.
  • the gases do not regularly flow out directly through an adjacent hole.
  • product water is removed from an electrode space in particular by briefly increasing the flow. This increase in flow requires an increase in operating pressure. This results in significant losses of usable energy.
  • the object of the invention is also to provide a method for a particularly efficient operation of the fuel cell as claimed.
  • the fuel cell as claimed has additional means for circulating the oxidizing agent. Circulation is understood to mean that oxidizing agent is fed to a circuit, the cathode space being part of the circuit.
  • a blower for example, is provided as a means for circulation, which is connected via lines to the inlet and outlet of the associated cathode compartment. A fuel cell in which the product water accumulates in the cathode compartment is particularly affected.
  • a water separator is arranged in the circulation circuit. Recirculated oxidizing agent is freed from excess product water carried by the water separator. This also prevents product water blockages.
  • the air ratio ⁇ characterizes the amount of air stoichiometrically required in relation to the required minimum amount of air n air stöchiom et driven is provided.
  • the circulation circuit can be switched on or off continuously, intermittently or depending on the operating state of the fuel cell. It can be left to the person skilled in the art to optimally design the operation of the circulation circuit in order to optimize the performance of the fuel cell.
  • a circulating circuit according to the requirements can also be provided on the anode side in order to optimize the performance.
  • a fuel cell is outlined which consists of an anode 1, a membrane 2 and a cathode 3.
  • An anode space 4 borders on anode 1.
  • the fuel is passed through anode space 4.
  • the cathode compartment 5 is adjacent to the cathode 3.
  • Air is fed into the cathode compartment 5 via an inlet 6.
  • the depleted air arrives at an outlet 7 and leaves the fuel cell via this.
  • the air is circulated through a circuit 8.
  • a blower 9 is provided for carrying out the circulation. Circuit 8 and blower 9 are connected to the cathode compartment in such a way that depleted air near the outlet 7 is led back to the inlet 6.
  • a water separator 10 is arranged within the circuit 8. Excess product water is removed from the air with the aid of the water separator 10.
  • the cathode side is preferably operated at air ratios of up to 2.
  • the pressures occurring at this air ratio are relatively low. There is therefore no need for large pump outputs.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une pile à combustible comportant une cathode (3), un électrolyte (2) et une anode (1), ainsi que des moyens servant à acheminer un agent d'oxydation dans la chambre cathodique et à l'évacuer de cette dernière. Elle comprend également des moyens servant à faire circuler l'agent d'oxydation dans un circuit (8) dont la chambre cathodique (5) fait partie. Selon le procédé de l'invention, l'agent d'oxydation est acheminé à la chambre cathodique, lors du fonctionnement, dans des proportions telles que l'indice d'air lambda atteint au maximum 2, et l'agent d'oxydation circule au moins en partie dans un circuit. Il est ainsi possible d'obtenir un fonctionnement performant, au cours duquel il n'est pas nécessaire de disposer de puissances de pompage élevées pour produire une pression relativement élevée dans la chambre cathodique.
PCT/EP2000/010925 1999-11-29 2000-11-06 Pile a combustible comportant un circuit d'agent d'oxydation Ceased WO2001041243A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19957444A DE19957444A1 (de) 1999-11-29 1999-11-29 Brennstoffzelle mit Kreislauf des Oxidationsmittels
DE19957444.8 1999-11-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001041243A1 true WO2001041243A1 (fr) 2001-06-07

Family

ID=7930754

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2000/010925 Ceased WO2001041243A1 (fr) 1999-11-29 2000-11-06 Pile a combustible comportant un circuit d'agent d'oxydation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE19957444A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001041243A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1526597A1 (fr) * 2003-10-25 2005-04-27 P 21-Power for the 21st Century GmbH Dispositif d'humidification d'effluents d'agents dans des piles à combustible

Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1276237A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-06-01 Inst Francais Du Petrole Processes and apparatus for feeding a fuel cell with a fluid reactant
US4202933A (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-05-13 United Technologies Corporation Method for reducing fuel cell output voltage to permit low power operation
JPS5887771A (ja) * 1981-11-18 1983-05-25 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池の空気流量制御装置
JPS61277171A (ja) * 1985-05-31 1986-12-08 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池発電システム
JPS62217568A (ja) * 1986-03-18 1987-09-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 燃料電池発電システム
JPS62278764A (ja) * 1986-05-28 1987-12-03 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池発電プラント
JPS63181267A (ja) * 1987-01-21 1988-07-26 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池発電装置
EP0341189A1 (fr) * 1988-05-05 1989-11-08 International Fuel Cells Corporation Réglage du flux cathodique pour centrales de piles à combustible
WO1994003937A1 (fr) * 1992-08-10 1994-02-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pile a combustible et procede d'humidification de l'electrolyte
JPH06325780A (ja) * 1993-05-10 1994-11-25 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 燃料電池システム
JPH08236131A (ja) * 1995-02-28 1996-09-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 固体高分子型燃料電池システム
DE19526774A1 (de) * 1995-07-21 1997-01-23 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenanlage und Brennstoffzellenanlage zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
JPH09180743A (ja) * 1995-12-22 1997-07-11 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子形燃料電池
DE19703728A1 (de) * 1997-01-31 1998-08-06 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Brennstoffzelleneinheit mit Entwässerungsvorrichtung
US5853910A (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-12-29 Kabushikikaisha Equos Research Fuel cell power generating apparatus and operation method therefor
WO2000063993A1 (fr) * 1999-04-20 2000-10-26 Zentrum Für Sonnenenergie- Und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg, Gemeinnützige Stiftung Dispositif d'alimentation en courant portatif, independant du reseau et n'emettant pas de substances nocives, ainsi que procede pour la production de courant au moyen de ce dispositif

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1276237A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-06-01 Inst Francais Du Petrole Processes and apparatus for feeding a fuel cell with a fluid reactant
US4202933A (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-05-13 United Technologies Corporation Method for reducing fuel cell output voltage to permit low power operation
JPS5887771A (ja) * 1981-11-18 1983-05-25 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池の空気流量制御装置
JPS61277171A (ja) * 1985-05-31 1986-12-08 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池発電システム
JPS62217568A (ja) * 1986-03-18 1987-09-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 燃料電池発電システム
JPS62278764A (ja) * 1986-05-28 1987-12-03 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池発電プラント
JPS63181267A (ja) * 1987-01-21 1988-07-26 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池発電装置
EP0341189A1 (fr) * 1988-05-05 1989-11-08 International Fuel Cells Corporation Réglage du flux cathodique pour centrales de piles à combustible
WO1994003937A1 (fr) * 1992-08-10 1994-02-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pile a combustible et procede d'humidification de l'electrolyte
JPH06325780A (ja) * 1993-05-10 1994-11-25 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 燃料電池システム
JPH08236131A (ja) * 1995-02-28 1996-09-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 固体高分子型燃料電池システム
DE19526774A1 (de) * 1995-07-21 1997-01-23 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenanlage und Brennstoffzellenanlage zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
JPH09180743A (ja) * 1995-12-22 1997-07-11 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子形燃料電池
US5853910A (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-12-29 Kabushikikaisha Equos Research Fuel cell power generating apparatus and operation method therefor
DE19703728A1 (de) * 1997-01-31 1998-08-06 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Brennstoffzelleneinheit mit Entwässerungsvorrichtung
WO2000063993A1 (fr) * 1999-04-20 2000-10-26 Zentrum Für Sonnenenergie- Und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg, Gemeinnützige Stiftung Dispositif d'alimentation en courant portatif, independant du reseau et n'emettant pas de substances nocives, ainsi que procede pour la production de courant au moyen de ce dispositif

Non-Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 182 (E - 192) 11 August 1983 (1983-08-11) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 138 (E - 503) 2 May 1987 (1987-05-02) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 077 (E - 589) 10 March 1988 (1988-03-10) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 168 (E - 611) 20 May 1988 (1988-05-20) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 452 (E - 687) 28 November 1988 (1988-11-28) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1995, no. 02 31 March 1995 (1995-03-31) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 01 31 January 1997 (1997-01-31) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 11 28 November 1997 (1997-11-28) *
WILKINSON D P ET AL: "WATER MANAGEMENT AND STACK DESIGN FOR SOLID POLYMER FUEL CELLS", JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES,CH,ELSEVIER SEQUOIA S.A. LAUSANNE, vol. 49, no. 1/03, 1 April 1994 (1994-04-01), pages 117 - 127, XP000540738, ISSN: 0378-7753 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1526597A1 (fr) * 2003-10-25 2005-04-27 P 21-Power for the 21st Century GmbH Dispositif d'humidification d'effluents d'agents dans des piles à combustible

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19957444A1 (de) 2001-06-13

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