WO2000026535A1 - Vertical axle windmill - Google Patents

Abstract

A windmill has a vertical axle with horizontal bars radially extended therefrom and several self-adjustable blades each mounted on an adjuster which is fixed on the free end of the said bar. When the horizontal bars are driven by the pivoting blades to rotate around the said axle, a ratchet is driven by a pinion speed increasing mechanism provided on the axle, making an asynchronous generator work for supplying electricity. With the help of the relative adjuster, the blade is able to automatically swing over a small angle to maintain an optimal air attack and thereby to increase efficiency. In case of strong wind, the blade automatically pivots into a wind favorable direction so that it is kept safe and reliable. The angle range of swing of the blade is automatically controlled, allowing the windmill to rotate with constant speed.

Description

 FIELD OF THE INVENTION

 The invention relates to a swing-wing vertical shaft wind turbine. Background technique

 The inventor invented this wind turbine in 1976, and obtained foreign patents such as British (GB2.082.260), American (US4.435.124), French (Europe 0.046.370) in 1984. After improvement, it was awarded a Chinese patent in 1988, and the patent number was 88109991.0. The main feature of the above patent is that its wings can yaw automatically at a small angle when the wind is up and down, so that the angle of attack of the wings is maintained at the correct angle. Therefore, it is named a swing-wing vertical axis wind turbine, and its wingtips are exposed to strong winds. It can automatically disengage and become a spoiler to stop the wind turbine and survive the strong wind safely. The flap deflection angle is controlled by a slider with a V-shaped notch at the end of the horizontal bar. Changing the yaw angle will change the output of the wind turbine, thereby changing the speed of the wind turbine. The slider can automatically control the wing yaw angle under the action of centrifugal force and spring, keeping the wind turbine speed stable and not changing with the change of wind speed and load. . The original patent also proposed a combination of a small-power wind turbine into a high-power wind turbine, and a bamboo rod truss wing rib structure technology. The original invention has many shortcomings during the engineering development process, mainly due to the unsatisfactory layout of the yaw mechanism, large noise during work, and small spoiler area, which cannot guarantee that the wind turbine is completely unloaded during strong winds. The solution for synthesizing high-power wind turbines is not realistic because the additional brackets are costly and uneconomical. The bamboo rod truss wing rib structure is complicated in process, adding to the high cost, the wind turbine itself has a low speed, and it is not suitable to directly drive the generator. It is not economical to use a special ultra-low speed generator, and it does not solve the problem of interconnection with the power grid. Summary of invention

 The purpose of the present invention is to develop a method capable of resisting strong winds, stable speed, safe and reliable, high efficiency, simple structure, low cost, light weight, and can be made into various large, medium, and small sizes in response to the shortcomings of the prior patent. A wind turbine that can be easily connected to the grid.

In the swing-wing vertical shaft wind turbine of the present invention, its wings are vertically mounted on a regulator fixed to the outer end of the horizontal bar, and the inner end of the horizontal bar is connected to the top end of the transmission vertical shaft. The pin gear speed increasing mechanism on the transmission vertical shaft drives the overrunning clutch, and then drives the asynchronous generator to generate electricity. This overall layout is simple and practical, and is suitable for various large, medium and small wind turbines. It solves the problem of increasing the speed of the wind turbine to connect with the generator, and also solves the problem of networking with the power grid. The fins are divided into upper and lower symmetrical halves, which are firmly connected through the regulator with a short axis. When the wind is extremely strong, the short axis can be rotated by the short axis around the feather axis of the regulator, so that the wind pressure of the entire fin is basically removed. , Eliminates the disadvantage that the original patent relies on wing tip unloading due to the small wing tip area and the wing cannot be completely unloaded. The airfoil adopts the arc centerline, and the convex side faces the axis of the fan's rotation axis. This aerodynamic layout greatly improves the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine. In order to ensure the automatic deflection of the wing, the center of gravity of the wing It should coincide with the yaw axis and be in front of the aerodynamic center of the fins. The cross section of the parallel bars is streamlined, which reduces resistance during rotation and increases the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine.

 The governor is composed of a rectangular tube, a movable casing and a governor. The rectangular tube is fixed on the outer end of the horizontal bar. The movable casing connects the flap and the rectangular tube. The flap is supported by the regulator and accompanies the regulator. Swing around the vertical yaw axis, and automatically deflect a small angle change in different directions during upwind and downwind, so that the relative airflow angle of attack is automatically maintained correctly. The governor has a V-shaped notch at the front end and a speed adjustment spring connected to the rear end. The slider structure can slide freely in a flat square tube. The size of the wing deflection angle depends on the size of the V-shaped notch of the slider to ensure the fan to rotate at a constant speed. The regulator and governor of the present invention are composed of sheet metal and a short shaft. Increased strength and reliability. The governor has rubber pads to eliminate noise.

 The front half of the wing is made of a glass-reinforced plastic shell long tube with an airfoil front shell, which has a thin sheet reinforcement beam, the rear edge is made of a thin-walled triangular long tube with a rear edge airfoil, and the front shell and the rear edge are connected by ribs. The surface of the wing ribs is covered with a glass fiber reinforced plastic film to complete the entire airfoil appearance. This glass fiber reinforced plastic structure wing has good workmanship, durability, and low cost.

 The wing can rotate freely around the regulator through the short axis, but behind the short axis, there are two pairs of spring buckles between the wing and the regulator, so that the wing and the regulator are firmly locked during normal work, and the wing cannot It can rotate freely without the regulator, and it can only be attached to the regulator to a small left and right angle. When the wind speed exceeds the normal working wind speed by 20 meters / second, the wind pressure of the fins exceeds the fastening force of the spring, and the spring buckle is disengaged, and the fins are free to rotate into the feathering position, and the wind pressure is removed to ensure the safety of the wind turbine . When the wind speed returns to normal, when the fins rotate with the wind, they can be automatically buckled by spring buckles to restore normal working conditions.

 The speed-increasing gear connected to the generator is a pin gear. The pin gear is composed of a thin iron sheet with rims, spokes and stiffeners, and a metal hub. The rim is inserted with more than one hundred to three hundred evenly spaced standard rollers with roller bearings as pin teeth. This pin gear has a large transmission ratio, a simple and reliable structure, and is very economical and durable. It is far from comparable to ordinary speed-increasing gear boxes. Although its mechanical efficiency is poor, it can slightly increase the wind turbine blade length and rotation radius to obtain compensation. Economic efficiency is much better.

 The use of asynchronous motors and overrunning clutches to link wind turbines to the power grid is a long-established technology for mechanical power saving devices, such as electric railways. However, in wind turbines, the general wind turbines have poor speed regulation performance, so they cannot be used. The governor of the present invention shows a very stable speed in the wind tunnel test, so this technology can be used, which is the first in the wind turbine.

 According to the above characteristics, the present invention has better safety and reliability, higher efficiency, lower cost, greater practical value and economic efficiency than the wind turbine with patent number 88109991 1.0, and it has also been proved that the swing-wing vertical shaft wind power The economic benefits of turbines can be doubled compared to existing wind turbines, which is of great significance for large-scale development of wind energy, changing the world's energy structure, reducing air pollution, and protecting the environment.

 Brief description of the drawings

The structure and working principle of the swing-wing vertical shaft wind turbine of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed description.

 Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of a swing-wing vertical axis wind turbine,

 Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the wing structure.

 Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the regulator structure.

 Figure 4 Pin gear speed increasing mechanism

 Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the overrunning clutch. Description of the preferred embodiment

 The left part of FIG. 1 illustrates the overall structure of the present invention, then 2, 3 or 4 fins 1 are mounted on the governor 2 mounted on the outer end of the crossbar 3, and the crossbar 3 is mounted on the top of the transmission vertical shaft 4. The gear speed increasing mechanism 5 is installed on the transmission vertical shaft 4 and is connected to the generator 7 through the overrunning clutch 6. The wind-driven wing blade 1 pushes the horizontal bar 3 around the transmission vertical shaft 4 through the regulator 2, and then the pin gear mechanism 5 and The overrunning clutch 6 drives the generator 7 to generate electricity. Reference number 8 in the figure is a bracket.

 The top view of the right part of Figure 1 is the aerodynamic layout of the wind turbine. The wing 1 adopts an arc centerline airfoil with its convex side facing the vertical axis 00 of the wind turbine. The fulcrum of the wing and the deflection axis bb coincide. Before the aerodynamic center, and the feathering axis cc before the yaw axis bb, the circular arrow shows the wind turbine's rotation direction. The cross section of the crossbar 3 is made streamlined, see number 9, and its head is forward. The layout is conducive to improving the efficiency of the wind turbine.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wing. The wing is divided into two symmetrical halves 1 1 and 12, which are firmly connected by the short axis 13 passing through the regulator 2. The wingspan is long, the chord is narrow, and the wings are large. The chord ratio can increase the efficiency of the airfoil. The fin front shell 15 is made of a long glass fiber reinforced plastic tube. The cross section of the long tube has an airfoil front half shape. The front shell 15 has a wing spar 14 composed of a thin plate structure to strengthen the wing spar. The short shaft 13 is fixed to the spar. In front of the root of 14, the spring buckle 16 is fixed behind the root of the spar 14, and its latch 10 is pressed into the notch 26 of the buckle plate 27 with a spring, and the buckle plate 27 is mounted on the regulator, as shown in FIG. The trailing edge 18 of the fins is made of a thin-walled triangular tube to form an aerodynamic shape. The rear part of the fins is connected to the front shell 15 and the trailing edge 18 by a plurality of fins 17. The fins 17 are formed by a sheet 20 having a relief hole and a reinforcing rib 21. Finally, a glass fiber reinforced plastic film 19 is used to cover the outside of the ribs 17 to form the entire shape of the airfoil. The centerline of the airfoil of the entire airfoil is arc-shaped, and the convex side faces the axis of rotation axis oo of the wind turbine. The center of gravity of the airfoil coincides with the centerline of deflection axis bb, which is in front of the aerodynamic center of the airfoil. Figure 3 is the regulator 2 Composition diagram. It consists of three parts: a flat square tube 21, a movable housing 22 and a governor 23. The front end of the flat square tube 21 has a yaw shaft 30, the rear end of the flat square tube is inserted and fixed at the end of the horizontal bar 2, and there is an arc-shaped hole 31 surrounding the yaw shaft 30. The movable housing 22 is a thin-walled box-shaped member. Two pairs of bearing holes 24 and 25 are symmetrically located on the upper and lower sides. The bearing holes 24 are installed with feather bearings to support the short shaft 13 of the wing 1. The bearing line is Paddle shaft center line cc, bearing hole 25 is a yaw bearing for supporting the yaw shaft 30 at the front end of the flat square tube 21, and its shaft center line is bb. A buckle plate 27 is fixed at the upper and lower ends respectively, and a gap 26 is formed in the middle of the buckle plate 27, and the gap 26 is engaged with the latch 10 of the spring buckle 16 of the flap in FIG. The outer sleeve of the rod has a rubber sleeve 28. The front end of the flat rectangular tube 21 is inserted into the opening on the side of the movable casing 22, and the deflection shaft 30 is supported by the bearing 25. 31. When the rubber sleeve 28 is located in the flat square tube 21, when the movable casing deflects left and right, the lever 29 and the rubber sleeve 28 move left and right in the movable casing without touching the flat square tube.

 When the wind turbine is working normally, the spring buckle 16 on the fin fastens the buckle plate 27 of the movable shell. At this time, the blade 1 and the regulator 2 and the movable shell 22 are fixedly integrated into one body, and can be connected with the regulator and the movable shell 22- When the axis line bb of the pendulum shaft 30 is deflected left and right in upwind and downwind, the fins can maintain the optimal angle of attack, so that the fins can efficiently drive the wind turbine to rotate. When the wind speed exceeds the normal wind speed, the wind pressure on the fins is very large, and the pin 10 of the spring buckle 16 can be pressed out of the gap 26 of the gusset plate 27, so that the fin 1 and the regulator 2 are disengaged, and the fin 1 is on the short axis 13 Under the support, it can rotate freely about the feather axis cc, and automatically turn into the downwind direction under the wind, so that almost all the wind pressure on the airfoil is removed. The wind pressure on the entire wind turbine is greatly reduced, which allows the wind turbine to be designed very lightweight, which can ensure the safety and reliability of the wind turbine, reduce weight and reduce costs. When the wind speed returns to normal, the detached fins rotate randomly along the wind, and when entering the gusset plate 27, the top surface of the gusset plate on both sides of the gap 26 is inclined in a flat arc, and the spring buckle 16 can be easily compressed. It is easy to slide over the top surface of the gusset plate 27, and it is immediately caught when it reaches the gap 26. Under normal wind speed pressure, it will not be compressed and tripped, because the opening angle of the gap 26 is very steep, which ensures the reliability of the work.

 The governor 23 is composed of a slider 32 with a V-shaped notch 34 at the front end and a speed governing spring 33 connected to the rear end of the slider, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 3. The slider 32 is placed in the flat square tube 21 and can slide freely in the flat square tube, but a speed regulating spring 33 pulls it and can stay at the balance point of centrifugal force and spring tension. When the flat tube extends into the movable housing 22, the rubber sleeve 28 of the lever 29 is located in the V-shaped notch 34 at the front end of the slider 32. When the wing deflects, the rubber sleeve 28 moves left and right within the V-shaped notch 34. The wing deflecting angle depends on the size of the V-shaped notch 34. As the wind turbine speed increases, the centrifugal force increases, and the slider 32 As it moves outwards, the opening of the V-shaped notch 34 becomes smaller, which reduces the yaw of the wind turbine, and the wind turbine output decreases accordingly. As a result, the rotation speed is reduced to return to the original rotation speed, and vice versa. This speed regulation method is very effective . Regardless of changes in wind speed or load, constant speed is guaranteed.

 In order to reduce the collision force and noise between the lever 29, the slider 32 and the flat square tube 21, rubber gaskets 35 are affixed on the outside of the slider 32 and the inside of the V-shaped notch 34.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the pin gear speed-up mechanism 5. The characteristics of this mechanism are that the rollers of the rolling bearing are used as pin teeth, and the thin sheet structure is used to make the wheel rims, rims, and reinforcing ribs. The transmission ratio is large, the process is good, and the economic benefits are much higher than general speed-increasing gear boxes. The specific structure can be various, and the figure shows only a specific example that can be used. The pin gear 50 in this example is composed of two thin iron flanged round discs 53 and more than one hundred standard rollers 52 for roller bearings. , Roller 52 is pressed tightly on the periphery of the flanging round piece 53. In the round hole, a round wheel piece 53 is mounted on the hub 56. The hub 56 and the wind turbine transmission vertical shaft 4 are connected by a key 57. The torsion-resistant frame 54, the spokes 58 and the ribs 55 are combined to form a firm and lightweight whole. 5 1 made of hard materials, durable and low cost.

 FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the overrunning clutch 6. It is mainly composed of a front axle 60, a rear axle 62 and a plurality of rollers 61. A sleeve 63 is provided at the end of the front axle 60 to cover one end of the rear axle 62. The inner wall of the sleeve 63 is formed by several curved sections 64, and the roller 61 moves between the inner wall of the sleeve 63 and the end of the rear shaft 62. Only when the rotation speed of the front axle exceeds the rotation speed of the rear axle, the rollers are squeezed and the front axle can drive the rear axle to rotate. In any other case, the rear axle will not push the front axle to rotate. 'The invention adopts an overrunning clutch to make the front axle 60 connected to the pinion wheel speed increasing mechanism of the wind turbine 51, the rear shaft 62 is the rotor shaft of the asynchronous generator 7.

 Asynchronous generator is connected to the grid or diesel generator. When the wind speed is small and the speed cannot reach the grid frequency, the overrunning clutch 6 is disengaged. The motor is an no-load motor driven by the grid voltage, and its rotor shaft is the rear shaft 62. The idling speed is close to the frequency of the power grid. Therefore, when there is no wind or the wind speed does not reach the working wind speed, the speed of the caster 51 is lower than the idling motor speed, so the overrunning clutch is disengaged, and the wind turbine and the motor do not affect each other. The latter is an idling motor. When the wind speed of the wind turbine reaches the working wind speed, its speed is controlled at a stable speed slightly higher than the grid frequency, and the overrunning clutch 6 is engaged. The wind turbine drives the asynchronous motor, which changes the motor to a generator to generate electricity. Electricity is supplied to the grid for power supply. If the grid (or diesel engine) is out of power at this time, asynchronous generators will be supplied separately. Under no circumstances will the motor push the wind turbine upside down.

 The invention adopts the overrunning clutch to also solve the problem of energy storage, that is, the battery with large investment, which is easy to cause pollution and difficult to maintain is still used when there is no wind.

Claims

Quanhe ij Request A swing-wing vertical shaft wind turbine, wherein a wing (1) is vertically mounted on a regulator (2) fixed to an outer end of a crossbar (3), an inner end of the crossbar (3) and a top end of a transmission vertical shaft (4) The connection, the fin (1) drives the crossbar (2) to rotate around the transmission vertical shaft (4), and is characterized in that it is driven by a pin gear speed increasing mechanism (5) and a pin gear speed increasing mechanism installed on the transmission vertical shaft (4) The connected overrunning clutch (6) drives the asynchronous generator (7) to generate electricity. The wing (1) has an airfoil profile divided into upper and lower symmetrical halves (1 1) and (12). , It is firmly connected with the short axis (13), the centerline of the wing is arc-shaped, and the convex side faces the centerline of the wind turbine's axis of rotation (cc) Previously, the governor (2) consisted of a flat tube (21), a movable casing (22), and a governor (23). The rectangular tube was fixed to the outer end of the crossbar (3), and the movable casing was connected to the wings. The blade and the flat square tube, with the support of the regulator, the flap oscillates around the vertical deflection axis (30) with the regulator, and automatically deflects a small angle in different directions when the wind is up and down, The relative airflow angle of attack is automatically maintained optimally. The governor (23) is composed of a slider (32) with a V-shaped notch (34) at the front end and a speed control spring (33) connected at the rear end. 21) The interior slides freely, and the yaw angle of the wing depends on the size of the V-shaped notch of the slider to ensure that the wind turbine rotates at a constant speed. The short axis of the upper and lower halves (1 1) and (12) is connected. (13) Supported by the feathering bearing (24) of the regulator (2), the whole wing can be turned downwind to feather direction to remove the wing (1) wind pressure in extreme wind, and it is The spring buckle (16) is buckled and integrated with the regulator (2), and can only be deflected together with the regulator (2).  The swing-wing vertical-axis wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the front half of the wing (1) is made of a glass fiber reinforced plastic long tube and made into an airfoil-shaped front shell (15), in which a firmly connected A reinforced wing spar (14) composed of a thin sheet structure. A short shaft (13) is fixed in front of the spar root to connect the upper and lower halves (1 1), (12) of the wing (1) as a whole, and a spring is provided behind the root. The buckle (16), the trailing edge (18) of the wing is made of a thin-walled triangular tube, and the rear part of the wing is connected with the front shell (15) and the trailing edge (18) by a rib (17), and then a glass fiber reinforced plastic film (19) ) Cover the surface of the wing ribs to make an airfoil shape.  The swing-wing vertical shaft wind turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flat square tube (21) of the regulator (2) has a yaw axis (30) and an arc-shaped hole (31) at the front end. ); The movable housing (22) is a thin-walled box-shaped member, and a yaw shaft hole (24) and a feather shaft hole (25) are provided on the upper and lower sides in a symmetrical position, and the rear end of the movable housing is fixed at an upper and lower center respectively. A gusset (27) with a notch (26), and a stopper (29) with a rubber sleeve (28) is also fixed at the opening on the side of the movable casing; (23) A slider (32) with a V-shaped notch (34) at the front end and a speed regulating spring (33) connected to the rear end of the slider. The swing-wing vertical shaft wind turbine according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that the pin gear speed increasing mechanism (5) is composed of a pin gear (50) and a pinion wheel (51), and the pin gear (50) It has a metal hub (56), a combination of a key (57) and a wind turbine's transmission vertical shaft (4). Its spokes (58), stiffening discs (55) and wheels (53), anti-torsion frame (54) are made of thin Made of sheet metal, and standard rollers (52) with 100 to 300 rolling bearings are evenly and firmly inserted in the wheel The round holes around the stage are used as pin teeth, and the caster wheel (5 1) is also made of hard material.  The swing-wing vertical shaft wind turbine according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that an overrunning clutch (6) is used to connect the asynchronous motor (7) and the speed increasing pin gear set (5) of the wind turbine, asynchronous The motor (7) is directly connected to the power grid or connected to other power sources of the diesel generator.