WO2000019569A1 - Microlaser a pompage module - Google Patents
Microlaser a pompage module Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000019569A1 WO2000019569A1 PCT/FR1999/002299 FR9902299W WO0019569A1 WO 2000019569 A1 WO2000019569 A1 WO 2000019569A1 FR 9902299 W FR9902299 W FR 9902299W WO 0019569 A1 WO0019569 A1 WO 0019569A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- microlaser
- signal
- pumping
- modulation
- modulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
- G01S1/70—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S1/703—Details
- G01S1/7032—Transmitters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/102—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
- H01S3/1022—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the optical pumping
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/16—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
- H01S3/0604—Crystal lasers or glass lasers in the form of a plate or disc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/0627—Construction or shape of active medium the resonator being monolithic, e.g. microlaser
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094076—Pulsed or modulated pumping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/102—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
- H01S3/1022—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the optical pumping
- H01S3/1024—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the optical pumping for pulse generation
Definitions
- microlasers are more and more common in telemetry because of the quality of the laser beam obtained and the extremely reduced volume occupied by the microlasers transmitters.
- the microlaser used for these applications is passive, that is to say that the instant of emission of the laser pulses is not completely controlled. The problem therefore arises of finding means of coding the emission of the pulses of a microlaser, in such a way that it is then possible to decode a received signal in order to identify its origin.
- Microlasers are monolithic solid lasers, the emission wavelength of which varies with the gain material used in their manufacture.
- the emission is at 1.064 ⁇ m and, for erbium, around 1.55 ⁇ m.
- the gain material is supplied with photons with a pump laser diode, the emission of which is adapted in wavelength to the absorption window of the medium.
- the injection power into the microlaser is controlled by the bias current in the laser diode.
- a variation in the value of the polarization current of the pump laser diode generates a modification in the optical power injected into the cavity of the microlaser. Therefore, the intensity of the light beam which will pass through the cavity is more or less important, and the transmission variation is more or less rapid.
- a laser diode delivers a light signal in which the pulses are modulated by an optical carrier.
- a PIN diode is used as the receiver. The received light signal is demodulated knowing the carrier signal, and the information contained in the signal is decoded.
- the document EP-780 937 uses several laser diodes excited by the same signal.
- This signal consists of a base current plus a modulation current.
- One of the laser diodes is taken as a reference and is coupled to a photodetector which converts the light signal into a voltage signal. This voltage is then used to control the control of the excitation of the laser diodes.
- the techniques described in these two documents are not adapted to the problem posed by microlasers. Indeed, these techniques use laser diodes, that is to say "active" media.
- These laser diodes have the property to respond to excitation so well known and controllable: it is quite possible to know with precision the time of transmission of the pulses delivered by the diode s ser.
- a microlaser is a passive medium, for which it is not possible to know with precision the instant of emission of the laser pulses. Only an estimate of this instant at a jitter time is possible.
- the coding carried out is very simple since the optical carrier is frequency modulated only according to two values, which allows only two types of coding. This is quite restrictive, since only two values can be identified: 0 and 1. However, it would be preferable to be able to use any possible code, linked to the shape of the pump signal which controls the modulation of the microlaser.
- the second document EP-780 937
- the coding of the transmitted data is not described. Only the control of the transmission system is detailed.
- a very simple way to code the emission of a microlaser would be to have it emit at a very specific wavelength. This technique however is very limited, because the emission wavelength of the microlaser is bonded to the material forming the Fabry-Perot cavity and thus •• to manufacture.
- the materials that can be used to make microlasers cannot be varied endlessly, and the range of wavelengths available today with microlaser technology is reduced.
- An additional limitation comes from the fact that the powers delivered by the microlasers are different depending on the materials used, which excludes the use of microlasers which emit too low average or pulse powers.
- this way of coding requires the use of receivers sensitive to a given wavelength (or color). A receiver therefore sees only one color and, if he sees several, he would be completely incapable of differentiating them.
- the conventional methods of source separation in antenna processing proceed in two stages: first the directional vectors of the sources present are estimated, then filtering is used to estimate the signals transmitted in the directions recognized as containing a source .
- the antenna of N sensors receives, after propagation in any medium, signals emitted by M statistically independent sources (with M ⁇ N).
- Most methods of identification combine the information contained in the second order statistics of the sensor signals (covariance matrix) with a priori information on the directional vectors: the shape of the wavefront, the geometry of the antenna, etc. .
- blind separation methods renounce all a priori information on directional vectors, but exploit the independence of source signals and require the use of higher order statistics as described in the articles published in Signal Processing, flight. 7, n ° 5, p. 407-418 (P. DUVAUT), p. 419-434 (M. GAETA et al.), P. 435-450 (P. COMON), 1990.
- JUTTEN C. JUTTEN et al. "A neuromimetic solution to the problem of source separation", Signal Processing, vol. 5, n ° 6, p. 383-403, ( 1990) raised the problem of blind separation by formulating the hypothesis of an instantaneous mixture.
- the envisaged technique is based on a network of fully interconnected neuromimetic linear automata: this network can be seen as a stratified network (perceptron) with a single layer and with recurrent lateral connections.
- Jutten is interesting because it applies to the separation of both random and deterministic signals, without any a priori knowledge.
- the separation is carried out using an adaptive network using a convergence criterion.
- the principle is to extract a source signal on each of the receivers by progressively eliminating the influence of the others, hence the use of an interconnected network.
- microlaser sources can, in certain configurations, emit correlated signals over a short time period. However, these methods assume a priori that the signals from the different sources present, are decorrelated,
- the object of the invention is precisely to remedy these drawbacks.
- the means for modulating the pumping signal may include means for modulating the power of the pumping signal emitted by the optical pumping means.
- the optical pumping means can comprise a pumping diode, in which case the modulation can result from a modulation of the operating current I of the diode.
- means may be provided for producing a reference signal Ref (v) significant of the probability of the presence of a laser pulse, as a function of time.
- a microlaser device can also include means for identifying a light beam emitted by the microlaser. This device can also include means for intercorrelating a signal emitted by the microlaser and the reference signal Ref (v).
- the present invention also relates to a method for evaluating or estimating or locating or identifying the position and / or the orientation of an object provided with N (N> 2) microlasers, each microlaser comprising a microlaser cavity pumped by means of optical pumping and modulation means, by a modulation signal of a pumping signal emitted by these optical pumping means, the modulation signals of the microlasers being two by two different.
- the present invention also "relates to a method for evaluating or estimating or locating or identifying the position and / or the orientation of one or more objects among a set of objects, each object being provided with a microlaser comprising a microlaser cavity pumped by optical pumping means and means for modulating, by a modulation signal, a pumping signal emitted by these optical pumping means, the modulation signals being two by two different.
- the subject of the present invention is also a method of coding-decoding a signal emitted by a microlaser pumped by a pumping means comprising the following steps:
- a coding comprising the following operations: - application by means of pumping of a modulation signal defined by its period and its form,
- a dedocation comprising the following operations: - determining whether or not the code sought by the receiver is received,
- the coding method of the invention makes it possible to know the form of the signals that can be collected by the different receivers and to use this information to allow identification that is both more reliable and simpler.
- FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C represent, respectively, the law connecting the power P delivered by the diode of pump at the current I applied to the electrodes of this diode, the frequency fr of repetition of the microlaser pulses at the power P delivered by the diode, and the frequency of recurrence of the microlaser at the current I applied to the electrodes of the pump laser diode .
- FIG. 2A shows an example of evolution, as a function of time, of the intensity I applied to the electrodes of the laser diode, in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 2B shows the evolution, as a function of time, of the power P of the microlaser pump signal, taking into account the evolution shown in Figure 2A, in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 2C shows the evolution, as a function of time of the recurrence frequency fr of the microlaser, taking into account the evolutions shown in Figures 2A and 2B, in accordance with the invention.
- - Figure 2D shows the evolution, as a function of time, of the power P ⁇ delivered by the microlaser, in accordance with the invention.
- FIGS. 3A to 3D give examples of the formation of a reference signal by taking into account the uncertainty on the instant of emission of the pulses inside a window of known width.
- - Figures 4A and 4B are examples of signal received by a photoreceptor and reference signal.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an application of the method according to the invention to the identification of the position of robots in a nuclear environment.
- the microlaser considered in the present invention is passive triggered, by saturable absorbent, for example of the type described in document EP-653,824 (US-5,495,494).
- the coding of the emission of the pulses from a microlaser is carried out by modulating the pump signal responsible for the excitation of the microlaser.
- This pumping signal comes from optical pumping means, for example from a pumping diode.
- the recurrence (of frequency fr) of the pulses is linked to the power P of the pump signal of the microlaser, and therefore, in the case of a diode, to the current I applied to the electrodes of the pump diode (FIG. 1A).
- a threshold I 0 the higher this current, the more the laser pulses will be emitted in a close time interval (FIG. 1B).
- a linear law connects the power delivered by the pump diode and the frequency of microlaser recurrence. The slope of the line depends on the microlaser used.
- this current is less than a threshold I 0 , no pulse is delivered by the microlaser (FIG. 1C).
- the desired modulation is obtained by applying, to the optical pumping means, a modulation signal defined by its period and its shape.
- the pumping means then emit a light flux, linked, by a transfer function, to the modulation signal. This flux is intended to excite the microlaser, which stores and amplifies energy in its cavity.
- the simplest method is to control the injection current with a transistor.
- FIG. 2A is an example of modulation I (t) of the pumping current as a function of time.
- FIGS. 2B and 2C respectively represent the pumping power and the corresponding recurrence frequency.
- 2D represent the pulses emitted by the microlaser (power P ⁇ ), the emission frequency then being a function of the intensity of the pumping current I (t).
- the instant of emission of each of the pulses is known to within a jitter time, since the microlaser is a passive laser.
- the maximum value of the jitter is nevertheless known, according to the power delivered by the optical pumping means, for example by the pumping diode. In the latter case, the power delivered by. the diode is itself linked to the current applied to the electrodes of the diode. Knowing the maximum value of this jitter makes it possible to construct a reference signal Ref (v), significant of the probability of the presence of a pulse at any time.
- FIGS. 3C and 3D are an example of modulation (recurrence frequency and power) of a microlaser
- FIGS. 3C and 3D being examples of reference signals.
- This reference signal has a width £ i (width of the windows in which the pulses must appear), inversely proportional to the frequency of recurrence of the pulses. It includes information on the coding of the microlaser emission, and on the uncertainty linked to the position of the pulses. It can be used for decoding the light signal received, and for identifying the microlaser at the origin of the coded emission, when several microlasers are present.
- This reference signal a function of the pumping signal, is for example a rectangular signal
- FIG. 3C or a Gaussian (FIG. 3D) which reproduces the probability of the presence of the pulse at each instant within the time window mentioned above.
- the coded light signal is received by reception means or by a photodetector (a PIN diode, an avalanche diode, or any other photodetector of the same type), and it is converted into voltage. Decoding can then be carried out by intercorrelation between the signal received at the receiver (FIG. 4A) and the reference signal (FIG. 4B), formed according to the knowledge of the pump signal responsible for coding the emission of the microlaser.
- the reference signals are formed at a device common to all the receivers. There is a reference signal per coded microlaser source. Knowing the signal of FIG. 2C, for each of the.
- the voltage and reference signals can for example be digitalized and then be transmitted to storage and / or data processing means making it possible to carry out the correlation operation.
- the corresponding digitized signals 12, 14 can in particular be supplied "to a microcomputer 16 which comprises a storage section and a calculation section with microprocessor and with all the electronic components necessary for processing the signal.
- the processing program instructions are stored on conventional RAM or ROM units. Data or a correlation signal can then be delivered after processing.
- the method according to the invention decodes the signals collected by the optoelectronic receivers, so as to identify the microlaser sources at the origin of the emission
- the device or the data processing means is adapted to the presence of several microlasers.
- a first example of embodiment or application relates to the nuclear field where we are often required to use robots to perform tasks in environments with a high dose of radiation.
- FIG. 7 represents such an example of an irradiated medium 20, in which several robots 22, 24, 26 can intervene simultaneously.
- a signature can be assigned to them by equipping them each with a microlaser whose emission is coded by the method according to the invention.
- Each robot can then be identified by its code.
- Photoreceptors 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, placed at different locations in the irradiated medium, can collect the light beams from the robots located in their visibility sector and allow the identification of their origin (signature and robot position).
- Means for processing the signal delivered by each photoreceptor allow:
- Another application example concerns the estimation of the position and orientation of an object.
- microlaser transmitter moving objects which must be able to be located at all times.
- Each microlaser is coded differently, the coding being specific to the object which carries it.
- the microlasers can emit simultaneously, without interfering.
- Receivers, seeing objects collect a mixture of the different signals emitted by the microlasers.
- the objects which are seen are identified by intercorrelating the received signal with the various reference signals linked to the coding of the microlasers.
- a distance measurement between the identified objects and the receiver can also be estimated.
- the correlation function provides access to two types of information:
- Another application example concerns obstacle detection.
- many applications can relate to the automotive field. It may in particular be advantageous to equip the vehicles with an encoded microlaser. Each vehicle has its own code, and only knows its code. It is then possible to emit laser shots at any time, including on busy roads, without being hindered by other vehicles that can emit shots simultaneously. This can be used to assess the distance to an obstacle, at night or in bad weather for example.
- Another area of application relates to improving the range of a range finder made with a microlaser.
- the range of a rangefinder is currently limited, inter alia, by the sensitivity of the photodetectors used for reception and in particular by the signal-to-noise ratio of the electrical signal they deliver.
- the use of a code on transmission can allow reshaping of the received signal, by cross-correlation with the reference signal, and thus contribute to removing the useful signal from the noise. This process can therefore increase the range of a laser rangefinder.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99946247A EP1034586A1 (fr) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-28 | Microlaser a pompage module |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR98/12146 | 1998-09-29 | ||
| FR9812146A FR2783977B1 (fr) | 1998-09-29 | 1998-09-29 | Microlaser a pompage module et procede de codage-decodage de l'emission d'un tel microlaser |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000019569A1 true WO2000019569A1 (fr) | 2000-04-06 |
Family
ID=9530954
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1999/002299 Ceased WO2000019569A1 (fr) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-28 | Microlaser a pompage module |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1034586A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2783977B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000019569A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3611014A1 (de) * | 1986-04-02 | 1987-10-08 | Bauer Spezialtiefbau | Kerndrehbohrer |
| EP1341274A1 (fr) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-03 | GSI Lumonics Ltd. | Dispositif laser |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5335107A (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1994-08-02 | Regents Of The University Of California | Method and apparatus for modulation of self-pulsating diode laser's self-pulsating frequency |
| EP0653824A1 (fr) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-05-17 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Microlaser solide, monolithique, autoaligné, à déclenchement passif par absorbant saturable et son procédé de fabrication |
-
1998
- 1998-09-29 FR FR9812146A patent/FR2783977B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-09-28 EP EP99946247A patent/EP1034586A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-28 WO PCT/FR1999/002299 patent/WO2000019569A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5335107A (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1994-08-02 | Regents Of The University Of California | Method and apparatus for modulation of self-pulsating diode laser's self-pulsating frequency |
| EP0653824A1 (fr) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-05-17 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Microlaser solide, monolithique, autoaligné, à déclenchement passif par absorbant saturable et son procédé de fabrication |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| BRAUN B: "56-PS PASSIVELY +-SWITCHED DIODE-PUMPED MICROCHIP LASER", OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 22, no. 6, 15 March 1997 (1997-03-15), pages 381 - 383, XP000690332 * |
| ZAYHOWSKI J J ET AL: "Frequency tuning of microchip lasers using pump-power modulation", IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, APRIL 1992, USA, vol. 28, no. 4, ISSN 0018-9197, pages 1118 - 1122, XP002104743 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2783977B1 (fr) | 2000-11-03 |
| EP1034586A1 (fr) | 2000-09-13 |
| FR2783977A1 (fr) | 2000-03-31 |
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