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WO2000072057A1 - Systeme de concentration de lumiere - Google Patents

Systeme de concentration de lumiere Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000072057A1
WO2000072057A1 PCT/US2000/014675 US0014675W WO0072057A1 WO 2000072057 A1 WO2000072057 A1 WO 2000072057A1 US 0014675 W US0014675 W US 0014675W WO 0072057 A1 WO0072057 A1 WO 0072057A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
holographic
angles
range
diffract
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2000/014675
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Milan M. Popovich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DigiLens Inc
Original Assignee
DigiLens Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DigiLens Inc filed Critical DigiLens Inc
Priority to AU52991/00A priority Critical patent/AU5299100A/en
Publication of WO2000072057A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000072057A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/1086—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by diffraction only
    • G02B27/1093—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by diffraction only for use with monochromatic radiation only, e.g. devices for splitting a single laser source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
    • G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to optical systems, and more particularly, to an optical system used to concentrate light.
  • Light concentration devices are used to capture light over a wide angular range and emit the light as an output beam over a narrower range of output angles.
  • a light concentration device may be used to collect light from a large field created by a plurality of spaced apart light sources or an extended light source subtending a large angle at the device, and convert the light into a beam that is emitted over a smaller angle.
  • the devices may also be used to collect light from different colored light sources and combine the light to form a white output beam.
  • Lagrange invariant or etendue
  • n ⁇ 2 N ⁇ (sinu ⁇ ) 2 n 2 2 N 2 (sinu 2 ) 2
  • Ai is the area of the input aperture A 2 is the area of the output aperture
  • ni is the refractive index of the input medium
  • n 2 is the refractive index of the output medium
  • ui is the angle of the input beam
  • u 2 is the angle of the output beam
  • ui and u are defined by the axis of symmetry of the optical system (i.e., the optical axis and the beam directions)).
  • the angle of the output beam u is determined by the maximum light incidence angle at which the light detection system can generate a useful output signal of the device (e.g., light detection system) to which the concentration device supplies light. This places a restriction on the size and position of the light source used at the input end of the concentration device. Furthermore, in the case where the concentration device is used to collect light from different colored light sources, the limitations imposed on the input beam may result in poor color mixing.
  • a light concentration system of the present invention generally comprises a light concentrator having an input end and an output end, and configured to receive light at the input end, concentrate the light, and emit the concentrated light at the output end over a range of angles of emergence.
  • the system further includes a holographic device operable to receive light from a range of angles of incidence and diffract the light onto the input end of the light concentrator.
  • the holographic device comprises a plurality holographic optical elements each configured to diffract light received from different angles of incidence. The range of angles of emergence is narrower than the range of angles of incidence.
  • the holographic optical elements may be switchable between an active state wherein light incident on the element is diffracted and a passive state wherein light incident on the element is transmitted without substantial alteration.
  • the system may also include a controller operable to sequentially switch the elements between their active and passive states.
  • the holographic optical elements comprise a hologram interposed between two electrode layers operable to apply an electrical field to the hologram.
  • the hologram may be formed from a polymer and liquid crystal material, for example.
  • the holographic optical elements may be configured to diffract light having different wavelength bands.
  • a light concentration system generally comprises a light concentrator having an input end and output end, and configured to receive light at the input end within a predetermined angular range, concentrate the light, and emit the concentrated light at the output end over a range of angles of emergence.
  • the system further includes holographic device operable to receive light from a range of angles of incidence and diffract the light onto the input end of the light concentrator within the predetermined angular range.
  • the range of angles of emergence is narrower than the range of angles of incidence.
  • Fig. 1 is side view of a first embodiment of a light concentration system of the present invention shown collecting light from three discrete light sources.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view of the light concentration system of Fig. 1 shown collecting light originating from a single extended light source.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective of a holographic optical element and light source for use with the optical system of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a partial front view of the holographic optical element of Fig. 3 illustrating an electrode and electric circuit of the holographic optical element.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic of a holographic device having three holographic optical elements each optimized to diffract red, green, or blue light.
  • the light concentration system 10 may be used as a solar collector cell, a wide angle detector for use over a large field of view for robotic tracking of light sources, a light integrator for use in a color sequential microdisplay illumination system, a surveillance system for detecting the presence of light sources within a specific field of view, or a device for monitoring average sky brightness, for example.
  • the system 10 collects light over a large angle and concentrates the light to a narrow field to focus the light onto a light detector such as a photovoltaic cell, fiber optic light guide, or photoelectronic detector array such as a charge-coupled device (CCD), for example.
  • a light detector such as a photovoltaic cell, fiber optic light guide, or photoelectronic detector array such as a charge-coupled device (CCD), for example.
  • CCD charge-coupled device
  • the system includes a light concentrator 12 operable to receive light at an input end 14 over a predetermined angular range and emit the light at an output end 16 over a range of angles of emergence, and a holographic diffraction device generally indicated at 18, operable to diffract light incident thereon onto the input end of the light concentrator.
  • the holographic diffraction device 18 is disposed adjacent to the input end of the light concentrator and preferably comprises a plurality of holographic diffraction elements 20, 22, 24 each of which is operable to diffract light incident thereon from a respective direction or area over a range of angles of incidence onto the light concentrator 12.
  • the holographic optical elements 20, 22, 24 are preferably switchable between an active (diffracting) state and a passive (non-diffracting). It is to be understood that in the passive state the incoming light may still be slightly diffracted, however, the light is substantially unaltered. Switching of the holographic elements 20, 22, 24 is controlled by a controller 50 which operates to switch each of the elements between their active and passive states.
  • the light concentrator 12 is positioned to gather light from three separate light sources 30, 32, 34.
  • the sources 30, 32, 34 are spaced from one another and emit light beams Bl, B2, B3 respectively, from different directions.
  • Each of the holographic diffraction elements 20, 22, 24 is operable to receive light from one of the sources 30, 32, 34 and diffract the light onto the light concentrator 12.
  • the light beams Bl, B2, B3 are diffracted into light beams Dl, D2, D3, respectively, at angles such that each beam is incident on the input end of the light concentrator 12. This allows light from the light sources 30, 32, 34 to be emitted from the concentrator 12 within a common angular range (as indicated by beams Cl, C2, C3, respectively), even though the light sources emit light from a wide range of directions.
  • Light beams Bl, B2, B3 emitted from the light sources 30, 32, 34, respectively, may be gathered at one time by the holographic diffraction device 18, in which case the holographic optical elements 20, 22, 24 are switched by the controller 50 at approximately the same time into their active states.
  • the light beams can be gathered by each of the holographic optical elements 20, 22, 24 at different times, in which case the controller 50 switches the elements sequentially into and out of their active states.
  • the light sources 30, 32, 34 may be polychromatic and provide incoherent white light or may each provide light within a single color wavelength band (e.g., red, green, or blue).
  • the holographic optical elements 20, 22, 24 may each be designed to diffract light of a different wavelength band.
  • the elements 20, 22, 24 may be switched to their active state at the same time to combine the light from the different color light sources into a white output beam.
  • the elements 20, 22, 24 may be activated in turn by the controller 50, so that the system emits an output beam which is sequentially colored red, green, and blue.
  • the output beam may be used to illuminate display panels for color sequential displays, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/565,678, filed May 4, 2000, by M. Popovich et al., for example.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the light concentration device of Fig. 1 receiving light beams Bl ', B2 1 , B3 1 from different areas in the overall field of collection of the light concentration device 12.
  • the light may originate from a single extended source or from different regions of an overall field of view.
  • the holographic optical elements 20, 22, 24 each include a hologram interposed between two electrodes 40 (Figs. 3 and 4).
  • the hologram may be a Bragg (thick or volume) hologram or Raman-Nath (thin) hologram.
  • Raman-Nath holograms are thinner and require less voltage to switch light between various modes of the hologram, however, Raman-Nath holograms are not as efficient as Bragg holograms.
  • the Bragg holograms provide high diffraction efficiencies for incident beams with wavelengths close to the theoretical wavelength satisfying the Bragg diffraction condition and within a few degrees of the theoretical angle which also satisfies the Bragg diffraction condition.
  • the hologram is used to control transmitted light beams based on the principles of diffraction.
  • the hologram selectively directs an incoming light beam from light source 30 either towards or away from a viewer and selectively diffracts light at certain wavelengths into different modes in response to a voltage applied to the electrodes 40 (Figs. 3 and 4).
  • Light passing through the hologram in the same direction as the light is received from the light source 30 is referred to as the zeroth (0th) order mode 44 (Fig. 3).
  • liquid crystal droplets within the holographic optical element 20, 22, 24 are oriented such that the hologram is present in the element and light is diffracted from the zeroth order mode to a first (1st) order mode 46 of the hologram.
  • a voltage is applied to the holographic optical element 20, 22, 24 the liquid crystal droplets become realigned effectively erasing the hologram, and the incoming light passes through the holographic optical element in the zeroth order mode 44.
  • the holographic optical elements 20, 22, 24 may also be reflective rather than transmissive as shown in Fig. 3 and described above.
  • the arrangement of the holographic devices and light concentrator 12 would be modified to utilize reflective properties of the hologram rather than the transmissive properties described herein.
  • the light that passes through the hologram is diffracted by interference fringes recorded in the hologram.
  • the hologram is able to perform various optical functions which are associated with traditional optical elements, such as lenses and prisms, as well as more sophisticated optical operations.
  • the hologram may be configured to perform operations such as deflection, focusing, or color filtering of the light, for example.
  • the holograms are preferably recorded in a photopolymer/liquid crystal composite material (emulsion) such as a holographic photopolymeric film which has been combined with liquid crystal, for example. The presence of the liquid crystal allows the hologram to exhibit optical characteristics which are dependent on an applied electrical field.
  • the photopolymeric film may be composed of a polymerizable monomer having dipentaerythritol hydroxypentacrylate, as described in PCT Publication, Application Serial No. PCT/US97/12577, by Sutherland et al, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the liquid crystal may be suffused into the pores of the photopolymeric film and may include a surfactant.
  • the diffractive properties of the holographic optical elements 20, 22, 24 depend primarily on the recorded holographic fringes in the photopolymeric film.
  • the interference fringes may be created by applying beams of light to the photopolymeric film. Alternatively, the interference fringes may be artificially created by using highly accurate laser writing devices or other replication techniques, as is well known by those skilled in the art.
  • the holographic fringes may be recorded in the photopolymeric film either prior to or after the photopolymeric film is combined with the liquid crystal. In the preferred embodiment, the photopolymeric material is combined with the liquid crystal prior to the recording.
  • the liquid crystal and the polymer material are pre-mixed and the phase separation takes place during the recording of the hologram, such that the holographic fringes become populated with a high concentration of liquid crystal droplets.
  • This process can be regarded as a "dry” process, which is advantageous in terms of mass production of the switchable holographic optical elements.
  • the electrodes (electrode layers) 40 are positioned on opposite sides of the emulsion and are preferably transparent so that they do not interfere with light passing through the hologram (Fig. 4).
  • the electrodes 40 may be formed from a vapor deposition of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) which typically has a transmission efficiency of greater than 80%, or any other suitable substantially transparent conducting material.
  • ITO Indium Tin Oxide
  • An anti-reflection coating may be applied to selected surfaces of the switchable holographic optical element, including surfaces of the ITO and the electrically nonconductive layers, to improve the overall transmissive efficiency of the optical element and to reduce stray light.
  • the electrodes 40 are connected to an electric circuit 48 operable to apply a voltage to the electrodes, to generate an electric field (Fig. 4). Initially, with no voltage applied to the electrodes 40, the hologram is in the diffractive (active) state and the holographic optical element 20, 22, 24 diffracts propagating light in a predefined manner.
  • the operating state of the hologram switches from the diffractive state to the passive state and the holographic optical element does not optically alter the propagating light.
  • the electrodes may be different than described herein without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, a plurality of smaller electrodes may be used rather than two large electrodes which substantially cover surfaces of the holograms.
  • Each holographic optical element 20, 22, 24 may be holographically configured so that only a particular monochromatic light is diffracted by the hologram.
  • holographic optical element 20 may have a hologram which is optimized to diffract red light
  • the optical element 24 may have a hologram which is optimized to diffract green light
  • the optical element 26 may have a hologram which is optimized to diffract blue light.
  • the holographic device controller 50 drives switching circuitry 64 associated with the electrodes 40 on each of the optical elements 20, 22, 24 to apply a voltage to the electrodes (Figs. 4 and 5).
  • the electrodes 40 are individually coupled to the device controller 50 through a voltage controller 68 which selectively provides an excitation signal to the electrodes 40 of a selected holographic optical element 20, 22, 24 switching the hologram to the passive state.
  • the voltage controller 68 also determines the specific voltage level to be applied to each electrode 40.
  • the electrodes 40 may be switched to their active states at the same time or electrodes associated with only one of the three holographic optical elements 20, 22, 24 may be energized at one time.
  • the voltage controller 68 may switch the green and blue holograms 22, 24 to the passive state by applying voltages to their respective electrodes 40.
  • the supplied voltages to the electrodes 40 of the green and blue holograms 22, 24 create a potential difference between the electrodes, thereby generating an electrical field within the green and blue holograms.
  • the presence of the generated electrical field switches the optical characteristic of the holograms 22, 24 to the passive state.
  • the green and blue holograms 22, 24 in the passive state and the red hologram 20 in the diffractive state only the red hologram optically diffracts the emitted light. Thus, only the portion of the visible light spectrum corresponding to the red light is diffracted.
  • the green hologram 22 is next changed to the diffractive state by deenergizing the corresponding electrodes 40 and the electrodes of the red hologram 20 are energized to change the red hologram to the passive state so that only green light is diffracted.
  • the blue hologram 24 is then changed to the diffractive state by deenergizing its electrodes 40 and the electrodes of the green hologram 22 are energized to change the green hologram to the passive state so that only blue light is diffracted.
  • the holograms are sequentially enabled with a refresh rate preferably less than 150 microseconds.
  • the holographic elements 20, 22, 24 may be cycled on and off in any order, or more than one element may be switched to the active state at one
  • holographic diffraction elements may be different than described herein without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • holographic diffraction device 18 may include additional holographic elements that perform optical functions other than color filtering.
  • the device 18 may include more than one holographic optical element configured to diffract each color wavelength band.
  • the holographic diffraction elements 20, 22, 24 do not need to be switchable. Since the angular separation between the red, green, and blue beams Bl, B2, B3 is relatively large (i.e., larger than the angular bandwidth of the Bragg holograms), the Bragg angular and wavelength selectivity will be sufficient to ensure that there is no appreciable cross-talk between the red, green, and blue wavelengths.
  • Minimizing cross talk is important in color sequential illumination applications and less of a problem where the concentrator is used to mix different colored sources into a white output beam. It is also possible to record the red, green, and blue interference patterns separately in a single holographic optical element.
  • the holographic diffraction device 18 would then comprise a single holographic element which embodies fringes combining the functions of the three individual elements.
  • the purpose of the concentrator 12 is to gather as much light as possible by the sight angle of acceptance of its input opening and then guide the light to an output opening as a concentrated beam of uniform light.
  • the light concentrator 12 may be a solid glass or polymer device or a hollow device with a reflective coating, for example, where the light is preferably confined by internal reflection.
  • the light concentrator 12 may also comprise two or more separate components.
  • the light concentrator 12 may comprise a plurality of prisms, each performing a double internal reflection wherein about half of the incoming rays are reflected back and recycled unless they can be output within the narrower output angular range.
  • the light concentrator 12 may also include other optical components such as condenser lenses and relay lenses.
  • the light concentration system of the present invention has numerous advantages.
  • the placement of the holographic optical elements 20, 22, 24 at the input end 14 of the light concentrator 12 permits light received from different regions to be emitted by the concentrator within a common angular range. This is not possible with conventional light concentration devices due to the constraints imposed upon the geometry of the system by the Lagrange invariants.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de concentration de lumière (10) comprenant un concentrateur de lumière (12) comportant une extrémité d'entrée et une extrémité de sortie et conçu de manière à recevoir de la lumière à l'extrémité d'entrée, à concentrer la lumière, et à émettre la lumière concentrée à l'extrémité de sortie selon un domaine d'angles émergeants. Le système comprend, en outre, un dispositif holographique (18) pouvant recevoir de la lumière selon un domaine d'angles d'incidence et diffracter la lumière sur l'extrémité d'entrée du concentrateur de lumière. Le dispositif holographique comprend plusieurs éléments optiques holographiques, chacun étant configuré afin de diffracter de la lumière reçue selon différents angles d'incidence. Le domaine des angles émergeants est plus étroit que celui des angles d'incidence.
PCT/US2000/014675 1999-05-25 2000-05-25 Systeme de concentration de lumiere Ceased WO2000072057A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU52991/00A AU5299100A (en) 1999-05-25 2000-05-25 Light concentrating system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13593499P 1999-05-25 1999-05-25
US60/135,934 1999-05-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000072057A1 true WO2000072057A1 (fr) 2000-11-30

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PCT/US2000/014675 Ceased WO2000072057A1 (fr) 1999-05-25 2000-05-25 Systeme de concentration de lumiere

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WO (1) WO2000072057A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002101428A1 (fr) * 2001-06-11 2002-12-19 Aprilis, Inc. Filtre holographique a champ de vision a grand angulaire et bande de spectre etroite
WO2008071180A3 (fr) * 2006-12-15 2009-12-10 Solartec Ag Dispositif photovoltaïque avec structure holographique pour la déviation de rayonnement solaire entrant, et son procédé de fabrication
CN109728850A (zh) * 2018-12-24 2019-05-07 清华大学深圳研究生院 一种多层体全息式深紫外通信光学天线系统

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4842396A (en) * 1984-06-29 1989-06-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Light modulation element and light modulation apparatus

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4842396A (en) * 1984-06-29 1989-06-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Light modulation element and light modulation apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002101428A1 (fr) * 2001-06-11 2002-12-19 Aprilis, Inc. Filtre holographique a champ de vision a grand angulaire et bande de spectre etroite
US6992805B2 (en) 2001-06-11 2006-01-31 Aprilis, Inc. Holographic filter with a wide angular field of view and a narrow spectral bandwidth
US7480084B2 (en) 2001-06-11 2009-01-20 Stx Aprilis, Inc. Holographic filter with a wide angular field of view and a narrow spectral bandwidth
WO2008071180A3 (fr) * 2006-12-15 2009-12-10 Solartec Ag Dispositif photovoltaïque avec structure holographique pour la déviation de rayonnement solaire entrant, et son procédé de fabrication
CN109728850A (zh) * 2018-12-24 2019-05-07 清华大学深圳研究生院 一种多层体全息式深紫外通信光学天线系统

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