Title: Hydroturbine
The invention relates to a hydroturbine, comprising at least one turbine element which can be disposed under water and is drivable by water flow and connecting means for connecting the turbine element to a water bed.
Such a hydroturbine is known from Belgian patent 2060204 in the name of Louis Worms.
The known hydroturbine is particularly intended for use in developing countries, for generating electricity, desalinating sea water and pumping irrigation water in places where flowing water is available.
A problem of the known hydroturbine is the attachment to the water bed. In particular, the turbine element should be anchored to the water bed sufficiently firmly and, in terms of the flow of the water, at an advantageous distance therefrom. It is already proposed to anchor the turbine element to the water bed by means of cables having a fixed intermediate distance. However, practice has shown that this solution is not satisfactory. The forces exerted by the water on the turbine element cause the cables to snap, even if they are of very heavy design. In particular, when the water level rises, the forces exerted on the cables prove to increase considerably. Furthermore, the forces directly exerted on the turbine element by the water flow are already substantial by themselves. In this respect, notice is made of the fact that the known hydroturbine is meant to function at a water flow of 2-2.5 meter per second, such water flow as for its interplay of forces being comparable to an air flow having a force of about 9.8 Beaufort.
It is also suggested to position the turbine element on the bed by sinking it by means of a caisson. A drawback of this solution is that the realization of a sufficiently heavy caisson construction is very costly. Further, when using such a construction, it is very complicated to position the turbine element at a larger distance from the water bed.
A further drawback of the known hydroturbine is that it has a relatively complex construction. Notably because of the high requirements imposed on
such turbine regarding life span, operational safety and easy maintenance, it is of great importance that the construction be as simple and robust as possible.
The object of the invention is to provide a hydroturbine of the type mentioned in the preamble in which the drawbacks mentioned above are avoided. To that end, a hydroturbine according to the invention is characterized in that the connecting means comprise a guide along which the at least one turbine element is movably arranged, such that the distance between the turbine element and the water bed is adjustable in a guided manner. Thus, it is achieved that the turbine element can be anchored sufficiently firmly to the water bed in a relatively simple manner, and that the distance between the turbine element and the water bed can be set in order to compensate, through displacement, the increase or decrease of the upward or downward forces exerted by the water on the turbine element. Furthermore, the distance between the turbine element and the water bed can be adjusted in order to choose a desired position in relation to the flow of the water. The distance can be set both actively, i.e. by influencing the buoyancy, or by drive means, and passively, i.e. by means of the force exerted by the water. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.
The invention will be further elucidated on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in a drawing. In the drawing;
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the hydroturbine; Fig. 2 is a top plan view along the line I-I shown m Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a top plan view along the line II-II shown in Fig 1; and Fig 4 is a detail of a blade of the hydroturbine shown in Fig. 1. It is noted that the Figures are only schematic representations of preferred embodiments of the invention. In the Figures, identical or corresponding parts are designated by corresponding reference numerals
Fig. 1 shows a hydroturbine 1 with a turbine element 3 which can be arranged under the water surface 2, comprising two blade wheels 4A, 4B. The blade wheels 4A, 4B are coupled and rotatably arranged relative to a substantially vertically extending rotation axis A The blade wheels 4A and 4B are connected to a driven shaft 5 which is rotatably bearing-mounted by means of bearings 6 relative to a dry tank 7 and a ballast tank 8 respectively of the turbine element 3. The blade wheels 4A and 4B of the turbine element 3 can be driven by the water flow represented by the arrow 9, as will be explained hereinafter. Via supports 10, the turbine element 3 is connected to the water bed 12 by a rigid guide formed by rails 11 The supports 10 are provided with rolling elements 13, such that the turbine element 3 is movable, like an elevator in an elevator shaft, along the guide formed by the rails 11 and that the distance between the turbine element 3 and the water bed is adjustable. The rails 11 are anchored adjacent their bottom side in the water bed 12, for instance by means of concrete blocks 20 By providing side supports 21 and anchor chains 22, the anchoring can be further reinforced In Fig 1, the front and rear rails 11 as shown in Figs 2 and 3 are, for reasons of convenience, not shown
The length of the rails 11 is such that the guide extends above the water surface 2. Above the water surface 2 between the rails 11, a platform 14 is provided bearing a transmission 15 arranged as a gearbox The transmission 15 is connected to the driven shaft 5 of the turbine element 3 by means of a sleeve coupling, such that upon displacement of the turbine element 3 along the rails 11, the driven shaft 5 can slide relative to the transmission 15 The transmission 15 is in turn coupled to a generator 16 for generating electricity provided with regulating means which are not shown The generator 16 can be coupled to a power cable, not shown either, for discharging electricity generated by the generator and/or to batteries for storing generated electricity By pumping water into or out of the ballast tank, the buoyancy of the turbine element 3 can be influenced and the turbine element 3 can be moved
actively along the guide in order to set the distance between the turbine element 3 and the water bed 12. Thus, with respect to the water flow, the turbine element 3 can be positioned at a desired distance relative to the water bed 12. In addition, the turbine element 3 can also be moved up to the water surface 2, for instance for inspection or repair works. Moreover, starting from a state of equilibrium, when the level of the water surface 2 rises, the turbine element 3 can move upwards along the guide until a new balanced stated is achieved. Possible forces exerted by the water flow 9 on the turbine element 3 can also be absorbed in that the turbine element 3 can be pushed away along the guide in a vertical direction. The last two possibilities involve passive displacement of the turbine element along the guide.
With reference to Figs. 2, 3 and 4, the working principle of the hydroturbine 1 will be explained. The blade wheels 4A and 4B are built up from platforms 17 positioned in parallel planes. Between the platforms 17 blades 18 are mounted which, for reasons of convenience, are not shown in Fig. 1. The blades 18 are pivotally coupled to axes 19 mounted between the platforms. The water flow 9 can cause the blades 18 to pivot between an "open position", in which they extend parallel and in spaced apart relation in flow direction (shown in the top hand part of Fig. 2), and a closed position", in which position the blades 18 adjoin and extend substantially transverse to the water flow 9 (shown in the lower hand part of Fig. 2). By means of the blades 28, being in a closed position and having a high flow resistance, the water flow 9 can drive the blade wheel 4A downstream. As a result, the blade wheel 4A in Fig. 2 rotates counter-clockwise and the blades 18 being in an open position and having only a low flow resistance, are rotated upstream. By positioning the blade wheel 4B shown in Fig. 3 around the axis A at an angle relative to the blade wheel 4A, an even movement of the driven shaft 5 can be generated. For a more detailed description of the working principle of the blade wheels, reference is made to Belgian patent specification 2060204 in the name of Louis Worms.
By manufacturing the blades 18 from a rigid material, it is achieved that in a simple manner in closed position a reliable closure can be effected. It is noted that when the blades 18 arrive in the closed position, the intervening water prevents the rigid blades touching each other too hard. The blades 18 are preferably made of a synthetic material, in particular polyethylene. Under water, such synthetic blades 18 have a relatively small moment of inertia and can furthermore provide buoyancy to the turbine element 3. Additionally, synthetic material is highly resistant to wear and polluting influences. It is noted that the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described hereinabove. The turbine element can for instance also be moveable along the guide by means of gliding elements or gear wheels and for moving the turbine element along the guide drive means can be provided, for instance a winch positioned on the platform 14 and connected to the turbine element by means of a cable. The guide can also be arranged with a larger or smaller number of rails and the guide can moreover be designed differently, for instance as one or more guiding cables along which the turbine element is moveable. The guide can also extend to a position below the water surface. The turbine element can also be constructed differently from the presently described blade wheel and the turbine element can comprise a rotation axis placed at a different angle, for instance a horizontal rotation axis. Furthermore, the transmission can be constructed differently, for instance as a fluid coupling and the turbine element may optionally be directly coupled to the generator. Apart from that, the driven shaft can be applied to drive a different type of device than a generator, for instance a pump. Such variants will be clear to the skilled person and are understood to fall within the scope of the invention as stated in the following claims.