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WO2000068152A1 - Procede et appareil pour le traitement de liquides par rayonnement ultraviolet - Google Patents

Procede et appareil pour le traitement de liquides par rayonnement ultraviolet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000068152A1
WO2000068152A1 PCT/CA2000/000526 CA0000526W WO0068152A1 WO 2000068152 A1 WO2000068152 A1 WO 2000068152A1 CA 0000526 W CA0000526 W CA 0000526W WO 0068152 A1 WO0068152 A1 WO 0068152A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
housing
ultraviolet radiation
flow
cylindrical housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2000/000526
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Milton Paul Pinel
Noel K. Douglas
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU45306/00A priority Critical patent/AU4530600A/en
Priority to CA002336524A priority patent/CA2336524A1/fr
Publication of WO2000068152A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000068152A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
    • C02F2201/322—Lamp arrangement
    • C02F2201/3223—Single elongated lamp located on the central axis of a turbular reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
    • C02F2201/326—Lamp control systems

Definitions

  • Water or sewage treatment typically occurs in three phases: filtration, where solids contained in the fluid are removed or reduced; disinfection, using chlorine, ultraviolet (UV) radiation or the like, where bacteria and viral agents are destroyed; and purification where the fluid is, among other things, deionized at the final treatment stage.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method used in the disinfection phase, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for the disinfection of waste water using ultraviolet radiation.
  • UV light has been successfully employed as a purifying or sterilizing technique in both domestic and industrial applications.
  • the ability of ultraviolet light to kill harmful bacteria and viruses resident in a fluid depends primarily upon three factors: the intensity of the ultraviolet light; the fluid's exposure time to the ultraviolet light; and the light transmission quality of the fluid itself.
  • a typical configuration an ultraviolet radiation device is a residential water purification system presently marketed by Trojan Technologies Inc. and which is sold under the trade name Aqua UV Advantage Series TM .
  • This system comprises a cylindrical housing 10, fluid inlet and fluid outlet ports 12 , 14 , an ultraviolet tube longitudinally disposed in the cylindrical housing (not shown) and heat and ultraviolet intensity sensors 16, 18 which are fixably mounted on the cylindrical housing and which are run to a remote monitor (not shown) using cable 20. Additionally cap 22 rotatably mounted in the cylindrical housing allows for removal of the ultraviolet tube and houses electrical cord 24 connected to a power source (not shown).
  • the system described above is suitable for the treatment of water but is unsatisfactory for the treatment of effluent in the form of human waste. Often such effluent has very high bacteria and virus counts and is unclear. Discolouration of human waste is often results from the consumption of red meat. This is due to the fact that the human gall bladder produces yellow acid to break down the red meat and as a result the waste produced can be dark yellow in colour. As discussed above, the light transmission quality of the fluid itself will determine, in part, the effectiveness of the UV radiation treatment. In the prior art described, the distance between the exterior surface of the ultraviolet tube and the internal wall of the cylindrical housing is such, that the ultraviolet radiation will not be able to penetrate the discoloured fluid and reach bacteria or viruses near the interior wall of the cylindrical housing. Therefore effluent is able to pass through the chamber without having all of the bacteria and viruses removed.
  • the thin layer of fluid may run in a direction which is parallel to the ultraviolet tube as disclosed for example in Canadian Patent 1,062,437 invented by Lewis and issued on September 18, 1979, or perpendicular to the thin fluid layer as disclosed for example in United States Patent 3,837,800 invented by Wood and issued on September 24, 1974.
  • the Lewis device works satisfactorily, it is a water purification system for use in the home or cottage and is not designed to handle the bacteria and virus counts associated with waste.
  • the Wood patent is a waste purification apparatus, but it is designed for an industrial application requiring that the device be placed in a canal carrying the waste water to be treated.
  • ultraviolet radiation has its maximum kill rate when the ultraviolet treatment area is at a temperature of about 80° to 100° F. If, as a result of the UV source operating, or the ambient air temperature, the temperature of the fluid treatment zone rises to a temperature of 140°F, than the performance of the system degrades considerably.
  • the cylindrical housings were immersed in water to facilitate cooling.
  • a heat sensor is affixed to the cylindrical housing, and in the event that the system reaches a defined upper threshold, the system shuts down and reactivates when it reaches a defined lower threshold.
  • the flow rate through the cylindrical housing can vary greatly, depending on the usage of the system ie. the number of toilets sending waste into the system for treatment
  • the present invention serves to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a compact human waste disinfection system which incorporates thin fluid layer technology, an integrated cooling mechanism, effluent flow control and means to ensure that no bacteria or viruses are able to escape for the from the fluid treatment zone.
  • a fluid treatment apparatus comprises: a fluid inlet; a fluid outlet; at least one bio-reactor extending substantially vertically between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; flow control means connected to the fluid outlet; cooling means externally mounted on the bio-reactor; wherein the at least one bio-reactor comprises a housing and an ultraviolet radiation source extending longitudinally along the axis of the housing; and wherein the radial distance between the exterior surface of the ultraviolet radiation source and the interior wall of the cylindrical housing is between 0 and 0.25 inches.
  • the apparatus further includes: a solenoid valve mounted to the fluid inlet and a delay switch electrically connected to the solenoid valve; monitoring means fixably mounted to the housing comprising an ultraviolet radiation probe and a temperature sensor, both of which are connected to a power/control module; a "P" trap connected to the flow control means; and mounting brackets attached to the housing.
  • the housing is stainless steel. More preferably, the housing is a cylinder with upper and lower ends, the lower end closed and the upper end open. Even more preferably, the fluid is human waste.
  • the upper end of the cylindrical housing is internally threaded for reception of a cap seal electrically connected to the power/control module, and the lower end of the cylindrical housing includes a coil spring extending vertically along the axis of the cylindrical housing, both the cap seal and the coil spring being in contact with the ultraviolet radiation source.
  • the cooling means comprises a plurality of metal fins extending radially outward from the cylindrical housing.
  • a method of treating a fluid in a fluid treatment apparatus comprising a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a housing extending substantially vertically between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, an ultraviolet radiation source extending longitudinally along the axis of the housing, flow control means connected to the fluid outlet and cooling means externally mounted on the housing
  • the method comprises the steps of: adjusting the flow control means to accommodate a flow rate of between 1 and 3 imperial gallons per minute; directing a flow of fluid into the fluid inlet; irradiating the flow of fluid as it passes by the ultraviolet radiation source; directing the fluid flow to the fluid outlet; and directing the fluid flow through a "P" trap connected to the flow control means; wherein a solenoid valve mounted on the fluid inlet and connected to a delay switch stops the fluid flow into the housing for a defined period whenever power to the ultraviolet radiation source is re-engaged following a power shutdown.
  • the method further includes: monitoring means fixably mounted to the housing comprising an ultraviolet radiation probe and a temperature sensor, the monitoring means connected to a power/control module; and mounting brackets attached to the housing.
  • the method further includes the step of turning off the ultraviolet radiation source when an event comprising the radiation level dropping to a predefined threshold or the temperature reaching a maximum predefined threshold occurs.
  • the housing is stainless steel. More preferably, the housing is a cylinder with upper and lower ends, the lower end closed and the upper end open. Even more preferably, the fluid is human waste.
  • the upper end of the cylindrical housing is internally threaded for reception of a cap seal electrically connected to the power/control module and the lower end of the cylindrical housing includes a coil spring extending vertically along the axis of the cylindrical housing, both the cap seal and the coil spring being in contact with the ultraviolet radiation source.
  • the cooling means comprises a plurality of metal fins extending radially outward from the cylindrical housing.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a prior art system
  • Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a system in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a system in accordance with the present invention taken about the line A - A of Figure 2.
  • the basic components of the ultraviolet radiation apparatus include fluid inlet 24, fluid outlet 26, and a bio- reactor, shown generally as 28 which comprises cylindrical housing 30 and ultraviolet radiation source 32 seated between spring 31 and cap seal 34 which is rotatably mounted in cylindrical housing 30.
  • Cylindrical housing 30 is mounted vertically onto a supporting wall using mounting brackets 36, 38.
  • cylindrical housing 30 is constructed of stainless steel or some other suitable material resistant to rust and ultraviolet radiation. Integral to cylindrical housing 30 are cooling fins 33.
  • delay switch 40 and power/control module 42 are also affixed to mounting bracket 36, with delay switch 40 being electrically connected to power/control module 42.
  • solenoid valve 44 which is electrically connected to delay switch 40.
  • Mounted on cylindrical housing 32 is ultraviolet light probe 46, also electrically connected to delay switch 40, along with temperature sensor 48 mounted on cooling fins 33.
  • Power/control module 42 is also electrically connected to cap seal 34. Extending from fluid outlet 26 is flow control valve 50, eyon w c s pos t one samp e va ve . na y, trap w t ntegra c ean out p ug
  • Figure 3 offers a cross-section of the bio-reactor 28 with cooling fins 33 affixed to cylindrical housing 30.
  • a protective quartz sheath 58 may surround the ultraviolet tube, thereby leaving an air space between the sheath and the tube.
  • the quartz sheath 58 serves to insulate the tube from the water flowing around it and to assist in maintaining the ideal temperature in the fluid treatment zone.
  • the radial distance between the exterior of quartz sheath 58 and the interior wall of cylindrical housing 30 (labelled generally as C) is about 1/4 inch, with the overall internal diameter of the cylindrical housing being approximately 1.5 inches.
  • the ultraviolet radiation apparatus functions using the force of gravity. If installed in a sea vessel or residential home for example, effluent generated from toilets, showers and the like would pass through some form of filtration system (not shown) to remove and or reduce any large particles present, so that the output of the filtration process only includes particles of about 10 microns or less in size. After filtration, the effluent would be directed to fluid inlet 24, which is typically about 3/4 of an inch in diameter. The effluent would then fall vertically through the fluid treatment zone or bio-reactor 28. Because of the restrictive 1/4 inch gap between quartz sheath 58 and cylindrical housing 30, the effluent is forced to flow in a vary thin layer.
  • the ultraviolet radiation source 32 will be effective in eliminating all bacteria and viruses present.
  • the bio- reactor 28 is approximately 36 inches in length with the ultraviolet radiation source 32 having the following electrical/ performance characteristics: 120V/60Hz/65W and emitting ultraviolet radiation in the range of 2000 to 2700 Angstroms.
  • the length of the fluid treatment zone required is primarily a function of the gap C, the flow rate of the effluent and the electrical/performance characteristics of the ultraviolet radiation source. Therefore, given for the parameters outlined above, flow control 50 is normally set to allow a flow rate of 1 to 3 imperial gallons per minute. Higher flow rates are possible for example if the treatment zone is lengthened or the power output of the ultraviolet radiation source increased.
  • cap seal 34 is simply unscrewed and radiation source 32 pulled vertically upward. In this way the spillage of effluent is minimized. Additionally to ensure that the bio-reactor 28 has eliminated all bacteria and viruses present, a sample of the fluid exiting the chamber may be taken and tested using sample valve 52. Further, ultraviolet light probe 46 is used to monitor the output of ultraviolet radiation source 32. If the output of the ultraviolet radiation source 32 falls below a defined threshold, than power/control module 42 will cause it to be shut down and solenoid valve 44 to close. Similarly, if the temperature registered by temperature sensor 48 rises above a defined threshold, power/control module 42 will cause ultraviolet radiation source 32 to shut down and solenoid 44 to close.
  • bio-reactor 28 Ideally the operating temperature of bio-reactor 28 is around 80° to 100° Fahrenheit, so that the programmed threshold would be slightly above this range. In the event that there is a power failure, power/control module 42 will also cause solenoid valve 44 to close. To ensure that all bacteria and viruses present in reactor 28 are eliminated prior to effluent flow commencing, delay switch 40 stops the flow of effluent for a defined number of seconds while ultraviolet radiation source 32 is illuminated and kills all the resident bacteria and viruses.
  • Power/control module 42 also performs an additional function. It is used to monitor the number of hours the ultraviolet radiation source has been in use and warn the user that replacement is required. Typically an ultraviolet radiation source in the form of an ultraviolet bulb will be effective for approximately 8000 to 9000 hours. Finally, "P" trap 56 is filled with fluid to provide an air seal between the bio-reactor 28 and the parts of the system located downstream, to ensure that no reverse migration is possible in the unlikely event that there are bacteria of viruses present downstream.
  • the effluent In the case of a sea vessel, once the effluent has been treated in the bio-reactor 28, it would flow into a transfer tank and from there be pumped overboard. In the case of a residential home, the fluid outputted from the bio-reactor 28 could be stored in a holding tank and used to water the lawn or similar activities.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention a trait à un appareil compact, et au procédé correspondant, de traitement d'eaux usées par rayonnement ultraviolet. Cet appareil de traitement de liquides comporte un orifice d'entrée du liquide (24), un orifice de sortie du liquide (26), un carter cylindrique (30) s'étendant quasiment à la verticale entre ces orifices, un mécanisme de régulation du débit (50) relié à l'orifice de sortie du liquide et des ailettes de refroidissement (33) montées à l'extérieur du carter cylindrique. La distance radiale existant entre la face externe de la source de rayonnement et la partie interne de la paroi du carter cylindrique est comprise entre 0 et 0,25 pouces et ce, afin d'avoir un flux laminaire mince le long de la source de rayonnement ultraviolet. Ce procédé de traitement de liquides faisant intervenir l'appareil selon l'invention consiste à régler un mécanisme de régulation du débit, de manière à atteindre un débit compris entre 1 et 3 gallons impériaux par minute, à faire pénétrer le liquide dans l'orifice d'entrée et à le soumettre à l'action du rayonnement ultraviolet lorsqu'il passe devant la source de rayonnement dans le carter. Le liquide est ensuite dirigé vers l'orifice de sortie et le mécanisme de régulation de débit. Une électrovanne (44) montée sur l'orifice d'entrée et reliée à un commutateur à retard stoppe l'écoulement dans le carter pour un laps de temps prédéterminé chaque fois que la source de rayonnement ultraviolet est remise en activité après avoir été arrêtée. Il est possible, grâce à l'appareil selon l'invention et au procédé correspondant, de décontaminer efficacement des eaux usées issues de sites résidentiels ou de petit commerce.
PCT/CA2000/000526 1999-05-05 2000-05-05 Procede et appareil pour le traitement de liquides par rayonnement ultraviolet Ceased WO2000068152A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU45306/00A AU4530600A (en) 1999-05-05 2000-05-05 Method and apparatus for fluid treatment by uv-radiation
CA002336524A CA2336524A1 (fr) 1999-05-05 2000-05-05 Procede et appareil pour le traitement de liquides par rayonnement ultraviolet

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30570299A 1999-05-05 1999-05-05
US09/305,702 1999-05-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000068152A1 true WO2000068152A1 (fr) 2000-11-16

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AU (1) AU4530600A (fr)
CA (1) CA2336524A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000068152A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2399614A1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif de désinfection des fluides par exposition a la lumière ultraviolet
USD787084S1 (en) 2015-04-21 2017-05-16 Watts Water Technologies, Inc. UV sanitizing lamp
EP3138582A3 (fr) * 2015-04-21 2017-06-28 Watts Water Technologies, Inc. Ensemble de désinfection à lumière ultraviolette avec interrupteur d'écoulement et lampe clavetée
US9738547B2 (en) 2014-07-23 2017-08-22 Watts Regulator Co. Ultraviolet light sanitizing assembly with flow switch and keyed lamp
US9932245B2 (en) 2014-07-23 2018-04-03 Watts Regulator Co. UV sanitizing assemblies with high dose features and methods for controlling the same
US10500295B2 (en) 2017-08-11 2019-12-10 Aquisense Technologies Llc Apparatus and method for irradiation
US10780377B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2020-09-22 Watts Regulator Co. Sanitizing filter system and method for a residential water filtering system
US10894726B1 (en) 2020-02-12 2021-01-19 Aquisense Technologies, Llc Water disinfecting module, systems and methods
US11390539B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2022-07-19 Novolabs Limited Liquid treatment method and apparatus

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2805064B1 (fr) * 2012-01-20 2018-09-12 Trojan Technologies Modificateur de flux de fluide et système de traitement de fluide comprenant ce modificateur
CN105209393B (zh) * 2013-05-22 2018-05-18 默克专利股份公司 杀菌净化反应器
US12258545B2 (en) * 2019-10-15 2025-03-25 The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte Sustainable curtain wall
US11884556B2 (en) 2020-06-11 2024-01-30 Aruna Inovation LLC Liquid, air, and surface treatment using high intensity broad-spectrum pulsed light

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2382928A1 (fr) * 1977-03-07 1978-10-06 Elf Aquitaine Procede et appareil pour l'utilisation de radiations a des fins chimiques ou microbiologiques
GB1583394A (en) * 1976-07-16 1981-01-28 Boc Ltd Method and apparatus for sterilizing liquids
GB2070900A (en) * 1980-03-05 1981-09-09 Sybron Corp Water purification apparatus
DE3739966A1 (de) * 1987-11-25 1989-06-08 Katadyn Produkte Ag Vorrichtung zur desinfektion von wasser durch uv-bestrahlung
US4849100A (en) * 1986-03-07 1989-07-18 North American Aqua Portable water purifier
US5471063A (en) * 1994-01-13 1995-11-28 Trojan Technologies, Inc. Fluid disinfection system
FR2784092A1 (fr) * 1998-10-01 2000-04-07 Moulinex Sa Appareil menager de traitement bacterien et d'epuration d'eau.

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1583394A (en) * 1976-07-16 1981-01-28 Boc Ltd Method and apparatus for sterilizing liquids
FR2382928A1 (fr) * 1977-03-07 1978-10-06 Elf Aquitaine Procede et appareil pour l'utilisation de radiations a des fins chimiques ou microbiologiques
GB2070900A (en) * 1980-03-05 1981-09-09 Sybron Corp Water purification apparatus
US4849100A (en) * 1986-03-07 1989-07-18 North American Aqua Portable water purifier
DE3739966A1 (de) * 1987-11-25 1989-06-08 Katadyn Produkte Ag Vorrichtung zur desinfektion von wasser durch uv-bestrahlung
US5471063A (en) * 1994-01-13 1995-11-28 Trojan Technologies, Inc. Fluid disinfection system
FR2784092A1 (fr) * 1998-10-01 2000-04-07 Moulinex Sa Appareil menager de traitement bacterien et d'epuration d'eau.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BENITEZ F J ET AL: "PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF PROTOCATECHUIC ACID", WATER RESEARCH,ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, AMSTERDAM,NL, vol. 28, no. 10, 1 October 1994 (1994-10-01), pages 2095 - 2100, XP000455228, ISSN: 0043-1354 *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2399614A1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif de désinfection des fluides par exposition a la lumière ultraviolet
US9738547B2 (en) 2014-07-23 2017-08-22 Watts Regulator Co. Ultraviolet light sanitizing assembly with flow switch and keyed lamp
US9932245B2 (en) 2014-07-23 2018-04-03 Watts Regulator Co. UV sanitizing assemblies with high dose features and methods for controlling the same
USD787084S1 (en) 2015-04-21 2017-05-16 Watts Water Technologies, Inc. UV sanitizing lamp
EP3138582A3 (fr) * 2015-04-21 2017-06-28 Watts Water Technologies, Inc. Ensemble de désinfection à lumière ultraviolette avec interrupteur d'écoulement et lampe clavetée
USD826370S1 (en) 2015-04-21 2018-08-21 Watts Regulator Co. UV sanitizing chamber assembly
US11390539B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2022-07-19 Novolabs Limited Liquid treatment method and apparatus
EP4233919A2 (fr) 2015-12-23 2023-08-30 Novolabs Limited Procédé et appareil de traitement de liquide
US10780377B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2020-09-22 Watts Regulator Co. Sanitizing filter system and method for a residential water filtering system
US10500295B2 (en) 2017-08-11 2019-12-10 Aquisense Technologies Llc Apparatus and method for irradiation
US10994036B2 (en) 2017-08-11 2021-05-04 Aquisense Technologies, Llc Apparatus and method for irradiation
US11633510B2 (en) 2017-08-11 2023-04-25 Aquisense Technologies, Llc Apparatus and method for irradiation
US10814024B2 (en) 2017-08-11 2020-10-27 Aquisense Technologies, Llc Apparatus and method for irradiation
US10894726B1 (en) 2020-02-12 2021-01-19 Aquisense Technologies, Llc Water disinfecting module, systems and methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2336524A1 (fr) 2000-11-16
AU4530600A (en) 2000-11-21

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