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WO2000064072A1 - Procede et dispositif permettant l'amelioration du bilan de radiocommunication dans une station de base cellulaire - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif permettant l'amelioration du bilan de radiocommunication dans une station de base cellulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000064072A1
WO2000064072A1 PCT/US2000/009750 US0009750W WO0064072A1 WO 2000064072 A1 WO2000064072 A1 WO 2000064072A1 US 0009750 W US0009750 W US 0009750W WO 0064072 A1 WO0064072 A1 WO 0064072A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signals
power level
signal
output
phase
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2000/009750
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English (en)
Inventor
Veli-Pekka Ketonen
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU44555/00A priority Critical patent/AU4455500A/en
Priority to JP2000613094A priority patent/JP2002542712A/ja
Priority to EP00925940A priority patent/EP1169786A1/fr
Publication of WO2000064072A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000064072A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/30—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/52—Transmission power control [TPC] using AGC [Automatic Gain Control] circuits or amplifiers

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to base stations, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for improving the radio link budget for cellular base stations.
  • cellular providers are pushing features enabled by the system's purely digital nature, such as Caller ID and short messaging, a paging equivalent.
  • cellular providers have turned to reducing the cost of air time.
  • Cutting prices can take many forms. For example, vendors can give more free minutes per month, charge less for additional minutes, charge nothing for the first minute of incoming calls, reduce monthly fees, eliminate long-term contracts - all tactics available to the established cellular vendors as well. For a provider, this leads to less revenue per customer, but more incentive for increasing the market share. Thus, any reduction in customer traffic due to network problems has a tremendous impact on revenues and profits.
  • Boosters are additional amplifiers that are added after the transmitter and power amplifier in a normal channel unit. While such an arrangement provides the required output power, several disadvantages results from such a design. For example, an additional booster unit must be designed, which takes much time and needed resources. Further, an additional booster unit has to be placed in the base-station cabinet. Because the booster units have to deal with very high RF powers, their reliability often posses a problem. While providing a booster unit improves the uplink from the base transceiver station to the mobile station, higher output power from the base transceiver station does not improve the base transceiver stations receiver sensitivity.
  • the radio link is not any more in balance than if the booster unit was not used. Finally, if a booster unit fails, the whole service on that frequency is lost. Since the booster unit works at high higher power levels, bypassing the failed booster unit is very difficult and redundancy is not typically built into the channel units.
  • the present invention discloses a method and apparatus for improving the radio link budget for cellular base stations.
  • a system in accordance with the principles of the present invention includes a transmitter module for generating N in-phase downlink signals, each of the in-phase downlink signals being at the same frequency and having a predetermined power level and a combiner, coupled to the transmitter module, for receiving and combining the N in-phase downlink signals to produce an output signal at an output power level greater than the power level of any of the N in- phase downlink signals.
  • the transmitter module includes N channel units.
  • each of the N channel units includes a modulator, an upconverter and an amplifier.
  • the system further includes a baseband unit for generating a baseband signal for each of the N channel units for processing.
  • the system further includes an adjustable delay on an adjustable phase shifter for baseband or RF signals and a power detector disposed at the output of the combiner for measuring the output power level of the output signal and maximizing the output power level of the output signal by adjusting the phase shifter or adjustable delay.
  • the transmitter module includes a modulating stage, an upconversion stage and an amplification stage.
  • the system further includes a baseband unit for generating a baseband signal, the baseband signal being provided to the modulating stage of the transmitter module for producing a modulated signal.
  • the modulating stage provides the modulated signal to the upconverting stage for upconversion to a predetermined RF frequency.
  • the upconverting stage includes N upconverters, the modulated signal being split into N modulated signals, each N modulated signal being provided to one of the N upconverters to produce N RF signals at the predetermined RF frequency.
  • the amplification stage includes N amplifiers for the N RF signals for generating the N in-phase downlink signals.
  • the amplification stage includes N amplifiers, the upconverting stage providing N RF signals at the predetermined RF frequency, the N amplifiers receiving the N RF signals and generating the N in-phase up-link signals using the N RF signals.
  • the system further includes a phase shifter or delay element and a power detector, the phase shifter being disposed between a baseband unit for producing a baseband signal and the transmitter module, wherein the transmitter module receives the baseband signal, the power detector being disposed at the output of the combiner for measuring the output power level of the output signal and maximizing the output power level of the output signal by adjusting the phase shifter.
  • the output power level of the output signal is increased by three decibels when N is two.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is that the output power level of the output signal is increased by six decibels when N is four.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is that the output power level of the output signal is increased by nine decibels when N is eight.
  • each channel unit includes at least one receiver.
  • received signals are combined to achieve uplink diversity gain.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is that combining the signals from a plurality of receivers improve receiver sensitivity.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a mobile communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a simplified block diagram of downlink related elements of a channel unit of a base transceiver station, including a booster unit;
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a block diagram of one embodiment of a base transceiver station wherein in-phase signals are combined to increase the output power level
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a second embodiment of a base transceiver station wherein in-phase signals are combined to increase the output power level
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a block diagram of a third embodiment of a base transceiver station wherein in-phase signals are combined to increase the output power level
  • Fig. 6 a simplified block diagram of a channel unit with a transmitter (downlink) and two receivers (uplink);
  • Fig. 7 illustrates N-way combinations of channel units according the present invention
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a block diagram of a base transceiver station downlink part according to the present invention having phase control functionality to maximize the output power level.
  • the present invention provides a method and apparatus for improving the radio link budget for cellular base stations.
  • In-phase downlink signals are combined to produce an output signal at an output power level greater than the power level of any single downlink signal.
  • Uplink signals are also combined to achieve diversity gain for the receivers.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a mobile communication system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system 100 is comprised of a plurality of base stations 102 connected to system controllers 101 , and the plurality of mobile terminals 103.
  • a service area of the mobile communication system 100 is divided into a plurality of cells 110-120.
  • the mobile switching center 130 is connected with another mobile communication system or fixed network 132 and coordinates the setting up of calls to the mobile terminals 103.
  • the mobile terminal 103 can move within a service area which is formed by a plurality of base stations 102 for communication through a channel allocated to the neighboring base station 102.
  • the base station 102 is a network element that interfaces the mobile terminal 103 to the network via the air interface.
  • the primary function of the base station 102 is to maintain the air interface, or medium, for communication to any mobile terminal 103 within its cell. Other functions of the base station 102 are call processing, signaling, maintenance, and diagnostics.
  • the base station 102 includes transceivers 140, 142, 144.
  • the transceivers 140, 142, 144 which represent at least one receiver and one transmitter, provide coverage to cells 110, 112, 114 respectively, wherein each transmitter/receiver pair 140, 142, 144 comprises a channel unit.
  • the transceivers 140, 142, 144 also receive calling signals sent from the mobile terminal 103 moving in the corresponding cell, and detect up-link carrier wave power of the received signal.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a transmitter unit 200.
  • a modulator 210 modulates a signal which is then upconverted using a first local oscillator 212 and mixer 214.
  • the upconverted signal 216 is then amplified by amplifier 220 and filtered using a bandpass filter 222.
  • the filtered signal 224 is then upconverted to the desired frequency to produce an RF signal 230 using a second local oscillator 232 and mixer 234.
  • the RF signal 230 is then passed through a power amplifier stage 240 that includes, for example, power amplifiers 252, 254, 256.
  • a booster unit 260 is provided after the last amplifier 256.
  • the booster unit 260 includes a booster amplifier which is a high output-power amplifier.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a transceiver downlink portion 300 according to the present invention.
  • the base station transceiver downlink portion 300 includes a base-band unit 310 which provides identical signals to a transmitting module 312, which includes a channel unit 1 320 and channel unit 2 322.
  • the output of the channel units 320, 322 are provided to a wide-band combiner 330 to provided the desired output signal 340.
  • the wide-band combiner 330 is used to combine two signals from the two separate channel units 320, 322.
  • the two signals from the two channel units 320, 322 are controlled such that they are in- phase.
  • the combiner 330 includes two 90 degree long microstrips 350, 352 which, according to the Wilkinson principle are combined in-phase to double the output power at the output 340.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates separate signals being fed to two channel units 320, 322 wherein the signals are modulated upconverted and amplified separately and combined in combiner 330 thereafter.
  • base station 400 includes a baseband unit 410 which provides a single signal to the modulating stage 418 which includes a modulator 420.
  • Modulator 420 provides two modulated output signals 422, 424 to amplifier and upconverter stages 430.
  • the amplifier and upconverter stages 430 provide channels 432, i.e., the amplifier and upconverter stages 430 provides a separate amplifier and upconverter for each of the channels 432 for signals 422 and 424.
  • the outputs of the amplifier and upconverter stages 430 are then to provide to the combiner 440 to provide the combined output 450, which is similar as illustrated above to reference to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the base station 500 in Fig. 5, includes a baseband unit 510.
  • Baseband unit 510 provides a single signal to the modulator and upconverter stages 520. After the baseband signal is modulated and upconverted to the desired RF frequency, the signal is split into separate signals 522 and 524.
  • Upconverter signal 522 is provided to amplifier 530 to produce an amplified signal 534 which is provided to combiner 540.
  • Upconverted signal 524 is provided to amplifier 532 to provide RF power signal 536 to combiner 540. Signals 534, 536 are then combined in combiner 540 to produce output 550 as illustrated above with reference to Fig. 3.
  • the present invention is not made to be limited by the embodiments illustrated with reference Figs. 3-5, but that other embodiments are possible.
  • the present invention provides in an ideal case a 3 dB increase in output power without designing difficult booster units.
  • the higher power results in an increased network coverage and the elimination of a booster unit design results in faster base station design cycles. Further, redundancy is provided so that if one transmitter fails, the maximum output power decreases by 6 dB, but operation is still possible at the lower power levels.
  • there is no need to use very high power RF components are required in booster units, which also provides increase reliability. Because the high power amplifier as required in the booster unit is not needed, heat dissipation is facilitated.
  • the present invention provides a flexible modular structure, wherein additional channel units may be included to provide additional increases in output power, e.g. four channel units to provide an increase of 6 dB, eight channels units to provide an increase of 9 dB.
  • additional channel units may be included to provide additional increases in output power, e.g. four channel units to provide an increase of 6 dB, eight channels units to provide an increase of 9 dB.
  • the concept of providing (end of side 1 ) an increase in power by combining in-phase signals may be combined with diversity receiving to keep link balance at all times. For example, if a receiver sensitivity and output power capability are well chosen, the channel unit maintains a link balance. When each channel unit includes two receivers, the channel unit may be used as a general building block for N-way diversity receiver that has also sufficient output power to keep the radio link in balance.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a channel unit 600 according to the present invention.
  • the channel unit 600 includes a receiver 610 and transmitter 620.
  • a receiver provides two-way diversity via receive signal 630 and 632.
  • Transmitter 620 provides transmitter outputs 640.
  • a single channel unit with a 2-way diversity receiver providing a balanced link can provide improvements in link budgets.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates this diversity gain affect and the summed output power affect 700 by combining channel units according to the present invention.
  • a two way combined channel unit 720 provides a +3 dB diversity gain affect 722 and an increase in the summed output power of 3 dB 724.
  • Four channel units may be combined into a four-way system 730 providing a diversity gain affect of +6 dB 732 and an increase in output power of +6 dB 734.
  • 8 channel units may be combined in an 8-way arrangement 740 to provided +9 dB diversity gain affect 742 and +9 dB output power increase 744.
  • the combined transmitted signals must be at the phase and on the same frequency. To accomplish this, all channel units must get their frequency reference from a common unit. In addition, phase and frequency detectors in the local oscillators of the channel units must be used to keep frequencies and their phases exactly the same between channel units.
  • the cable length between the in-phase power combiner and channel units have to be in principle of equal length to maintain phase equalization when combining the two signals.
  • the radio signal has a wave length in free space of 0.3 meters and a wave length within a cable of 0J8 meters, assuming the cable has a propagation constant which is 60% of free space.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a block diagram of one possible circuit 800 for providing phase control.
  • signals are provided to phase shifters 810, 812 which in turn are processed by power amplifiers 820, 822 in channel units 1 and 2, respectively.
  • the output signal 860 of power amplifier 820 in channel unit 1 is provided to combiner 870 along with the output signal 862 of power amplifier 822 in channel unit 2 to provide the desired output signal 872.
  • the power level of the output signal 872 is monitored and detected by circuit 880 which generates a phase control signal 882 to control phase shifters 810, 812 to maximize the output power level of output signal 872.
  • phase control signal 882 to control phase shifters 810, 812 to maximize the output power level of output signal 872.
  • the phase error is minimized.
  • the quality of the transmitted signal can be optimized. Again, some phase shifting element in the transmitter chain is used to optimize the phases.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant d'améliorer le bilan de radiocommunication dans les stations de base cellulaires. Un module émetteur génère N signaux en phase dans le sens descendant. Chacun de ces signaux présente la même fréquence et a un niveau de puissance prédéterminé. Un combineur couplé au module émetteur reçoit et combine les N signaux en phase descendants de manière à produire un signal de sortie présentant un niveau de puissance de sortie supérieur au niveau de puissance d'un signal quelconque de ces N signaux en phase descendants. Le module émetteur comprend N unités de voie et chacune de ces unités comprend un modulateur, un élévateur de fréquence et un amplificateur. Le système comprend également une unité de bande de base permettant de générer dans la bande de base un signal envoyé à chacune des N unités de voie afin d'être traité dans ces dernières. Le système comprend en outre un déphaseur conçu pour recevoir chaque signal de la bande de base et un détecteur de puissance disposé à la sortie du combineur et permettant de mesurer le niveau de puissance de sortie du signal de sortie et d'augmenter le niveau de puissance de sortie de ce dernier par un réglage du déphaseur.
PCT/US2000/009750 1999-04-16 2000-04-12 Procede et dispositif permettant l'amelioration du bilan de radiocommunication dans une station de base cellulaire Ceased WO2000064072A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU44555/00A AU4455500A (en) 1999-04-16 2000-04-12 Method and apparatus for improving radio link budget for a cellular base station
JP2000613094A JP2002542712A (ja) 1999-04-16 2000-04-12 セルラ基地局に関する無線リンクの経費を改善する方法および装置
EP00925940A EP1169786A1 (fr) 1999-04-16 2000-04-12 Procede et dispositif permettant l'amelioration du bilan de radiocommunication dans une station de base cellulaire

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29308199A 1999-04-16 1999-04-16
US09/293,081 1999-04-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000064072A1 true WO2000064072A1 (fr) 2000-10-26

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PCT/US2000/009750 Ceased WO2000064072A1 (fr) 1999-04-16 2000-04-12 Procede et dispositif permettant l'amelioration du bilan de radiocommunication dans une station de base cellulaire

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EP (1) EP1169786A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002542712A (fr)
CN (1) CN1355966A (fr)
AU (1) AU4455500A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000064072A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6614299B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2003-09-02 Nokia Corporation Method and system for automated current balance adjustment for parallel combined amplification elements
WO2016168861A3 (fr) * 2015-04-17 2016-12-01 Bird Technologies Group, Inc. Capteur de puissance à radiofréquence ayant un coupleur non directionnel

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101400115B (zh) * 2007-09-29 2011-08-03 华为技术有限公司 基站和降低基站功耗的方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JEN-WEI LIANG ET AL: "On optimizing base station antenna array topology for coverage extension in cellular radio networks", 1995 IEEE 45TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE. COUNTDOWN TO THE WIRELESS TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY (CAT. NO.95CH35821 AND 95CB35821), 1995 IEEE 45TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE. COUNTDOWN TO THE WIRELESS TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, CHICAGO, IL, USA, 25-28, 1995, New York, NY, USA, IEEE, USA, pages 866 - 870 vol.2, XP002143518, ISBN: 0-7803-2742-X *
KOLIAS N J ET AL: "High power quasi-optical sources for millimeter-wave base-station applications", 18TH ANNUAL GAAS IC SYMPOSIUM. IEEE GALLIUM ARSENIDE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM. TECHNICAL DIGEST 1996 (CAT. NO.96CH35964), GAAS IC SYMPOSIUM IEEE GALLIUM ARSENIDE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM. 18TH ANNUAL TECHNICAL DIGEST 1996, ORLANDO, FL, USA, 3, 1996, New York, NY, USA, IEEE, USA, pages 221 - 224, XP002143519, ISBN: 0-7803-3504-X *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6614299B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2003-09-02 Nokia Corporation Method and system for automated current balance adjustment for parallel combined amplification elements
WO2016168861A3 (fr) * 2015-04-17 2016-12-01 Bird Technologies Group, Inc. Capteur de puissance à radiofréquence ayant un coupleur non directionnel
US10476124B2 (en) 2015-04-17 2019-11-12 Bird Technologies Group Inc. Radio frequency power sensor having a non-directional coupler
US11211681B2 (en) 2015-04-17 2021-12-28 Bird Technologies Group Inc. Radio frequency power sensor having a non-directional coupler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1355966A (zh) 2002-06-26
JP2002542712A (ja) 2002-12-10
EP1169786A1 (fr) 2002-01-09
AU4455500A (en) 2000-11-02

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