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WO2000058816A2 - Procede d'entree de texte mobile - Google Patents

Procede d'entree de texte mobile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000058816A2
WO2000058816A2 PCT/CA2000/000328 CA0000328W WO0058816A2 WO 2000058816 A2 WO2000058816 A2 WO 2000058816A2 CA 0000328 W CA0000328 W CA 0000328W WO 0058816 A2 WO0058816 A2 WO 0058816A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
character
characters
cursor
display
layout
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2000/000328
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2000058816A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Jeffrey Bellman
I. Scott Mackenzie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOW SEE HEAR INTERACTIVE Inc
Original Assignee
NOW SEE HEAR INTERACTIVE Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CA 2267438 external-priority patent/CA2267438A1/fr
Application filed by NOW SEE HEAR INTERACTIVE Inc filed Critical NOW SEE HEAR INTERACTIVE Inc
Priority to AU35462/00A priority Critical patent/AU3546200A/en
Publication of WO2000058816A2 publication Critical patent/WO2000058816A2/fr
Publication of WO2000058816A3 publication Critical patent/WO2000058816A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
    • G06F3/023—Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes
    • G06F3/0233—Character input methods
    • G06F3/0237—Character input methods using prediction or retrieval techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
    • G06F3/023—Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes
    • G06F3/0233—Character input methods
    • G06F3/0236—Character input methods using selection techniques to select from displayed items

Definitions

  • This invention relates to hand-held personal electronic devices such as cellular telephone systems, pagers, and the like, and in particular it relates to text entry for such devices.
  • mobile text entry refers to text entry limited by this set of restrictions.
  • keys 2 through 9 on a telephone keypad contain three reference letters of the alphabet. Entering a letter involves selecting the key it appears on as well as specifying which of the three letters is desired. The letter selection can be achieved in several different ways.
  • a second method for text entry is referred to as the date stamp method.
  • the method is so named because, as with a date stamp, a desired character is made visible by rotating a wheel containing an entire set of characters.
  • Cursor keys are used to navigate a cursor in a display while increment and decrement keys are used to cycle sequentially through the character set at the cursor position.
  • Players of video arcade games are familiar with this technique, which is used to input the player's initials into a list of high scorers. Selection of a character is performed implicitly by simply moving the cursor to another location. In effect, the cursor position is a moveable editing window of one character.
  • a third method is referred to as a soft keyboard method.
  • a display is functionally split into an output and an input section.
  • the input section of the display either shows the full character set or allows for parts of the character set to be viewed by scrolling.
  • the character output appears in a ticker tape fashion along one or more lines in the display section.
  • Arrow keys are used to move a cursor around the character set and characters are selected by explicitly depressing a select key.
  • an on-screen keyboard sometimes called a soft keyboard, is a character set that appears on a device's Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) or on a computer monitor.
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • the advantage of have a fixed layout is familiarity. As familiarity increases, the time to locate a character in the layout approaches zero.
  • the disadvantage of the fixed layout is that the distance between characters, and thus the time to move the cursor, stylus or finger from one character to the next, is often high.
  • U.S. patent number 5,128,672 a dynamic keyboard is disclosed.
  • the keyboard disclosed requires the presence of numerous physical keys, which is not practical for use with cellular phones and pagers.
  • U.S. patent 5,797,098 a dynamic keyboard is also disclosed, but this keyboard only displays several options at a time. If the desired character is not presented on the display, it is necessary to scroll to the following screen and repeat the search for the character. This may need to be repeated several times until the character is found which can be tedious and frustrating for the user. It is an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate some of these problems.
  • the present invention provides a method for inputting characters in a device having a character display, and a navigation key responsive to user manipulation for navigating a cursor in the character display.
  • the method comprises the steps of: (a) displaying a character set having a predetermined layout on the display, the layout being fixed for one or more character input; (b) displaying a subset of the character set in a dynamic layout wherein the subset of characters are determined by at least one preceding input character; and (c) selecting at least one of the characters from the layouts by navigating the cursor to a desired character.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic top view of a hybrid keyboard layout according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a pager having a cursor control key
  • Figure 3 is a top view of part of a keyboard according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 is an example of a character probability look-up table
  • Figures 5a and 5b are examples of a probability matrix
  • Figures 6a and 6b are schematic diagrams of a layout after different keys are selected
  • Figure 7 is an illustration of characters assigned to particular positions in the dynamic region
  • Figures 8a and 8b are schematic diagrams of a layout incorporating the fixed positions of figure 7 after different keys are selected;
  • Figures 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 9e, and 9f illustrate various positioning patterns for a dynamic region
  • Figures 10a, 10b, and 10c are schematic diagrams representing various dynamic region layouts
  • Figures 11a, lib, lie, lid and lie illustrate various positions and arrangements of the dynamic region layout within the fixed layout
  • Figure 12 illustrates a positioning algorithm for the dynamic region
  • Figures 13a and 13b are flow charts showing the display of characters in the dynamic region
  • Figures 14a and 14b show steps for generating a list for display in the dynamic region;
  • Figure 15 is a flow diagram showing the steps for arranging characters in the dynamic region.
  • FIG 1 a top view of a hybrid keyboard layout according to an embodiment of the invention is shown generally by numeral 10.
  • the keyboard is comprised of a static key region 12 and a dynamic key region 14.
  • the static region is comprised of a standard QWERTY keyboard layout.
  • the dynamic region is defined by nine keys or a 3X3 matrix, which is inserted between the (T, G, B) and (Y, H, N) columns of the QWERTY keyboard.
  • the hybrid keyboard 10 is an extension of an on-screen keyboard method of text entry that combines the benefits of both familiarity and reduced keystrokes. Text entry is performed by either moving a cursor around the display and selecting the cursor-highlighted character or, if implemented on a touch-sensitive display, by selecting characters directly by applying pressure with either a stylus or finger to the touch-sensitive display.
  • cursor movement may be supported by many different devices. Some of the more popular of these devices are:
  • FIG 2 is a schematic diagram of a pager type device having a multi-axis pivoting button 20 which may be used to control a cursor.
  • the pager has a display area 25, which is divided into a message display area 23 and a character input area 21.
  • the character input area incorporates a soft keyboard according to the embodiment shown in figure 1.
  • the button 20 When the button 20 is pressed on the top 22, right 24, bottom 26 or left 28, it moves the on-screen cursor 16 in that direction.
  • the button 20 is pressed in the centre 30 the character at the cursor position 16 is selected.
  • the output section When a character is selected, it appears in display area 21, which is referred to as the output section.
  • the hybrid keyboard shown in figure 3, is normally initialised with the cursor at a home position 16.
  • a user looks for the desired character in the dynamic region 14. If the character is found the user can navigate to it using the cursor control and then select it. Otherwise, if the character is not found, the user can simply and quickly select it from its known position in the fixed part of the layout 12.
  • the cursor snaps back to the home position. This saves the user keystrokes by returning the cursor to the centre of the dynamic region 14 of the keyboard. It also eliminates the computation associated with repositioning the dynamic keys 14 around a new cursor position.
  • the space character has the potential to positively effect entry speeds due to its high probability of occurrence (18% in English).
  • the space character may be implicitly selected by simply moving the cursor to a "virtual" space bar 18 located outside the layout of characters.
  • the placement of the cursor 16 over the space bar 18 selects the space character without have to press the select button 30, after which the cursor 16 automatically snaps back to the home position 15.
  • the delete key is another common occurrence in text entry, and may be treated in a similar fashion to the space character, as may other control functions.
  • the entire on-screen keyboard thus consists of standard alphanumeric characters in a fixed QWERTY layout 12, and a dynamic region 14 which display a given set of characters that is dependent on the key pressed.
  • a character ⁇ is entered (either on the fixed or dynamic region of the keyboard).
  • the system fills the layout positions in the dynamic region 14 with the first n characters in a list L, where n is the size of the dynamic region and Z, is a prioritized list of characters.
  • the characters in the list L are organized such that the most likely character to follow the character ⁇ appears first in the list L whereas the least likely character to follow the character ⁇ appears last in the list.
  • the list L may be constructed in a number of ways.
  • the system is provided with a lookup table or database wherein each character is associated with a sorted list of the character set (including ⁇ , as can be the case when a double letter is entered), as shown in figure 4.
  • the appropriate list is read into the memory corresponding to ⁇ .
  • the system may build L at runtime by consulting a probability (or frequency) matrix P that stores the likelihood of any character to follow a sequence of m - 1 characters, the last of which is ⁇ .
  • the value m is the statistical order which measures the average predictability of the next letter, given that we know the preceding (m - 1) letters. That is, (m - 1) is the number of previously entered characters for which probability data is stored.
  • P is an s m ⁇ by ⁇ matrix, where s is the size of the character set.
  • the row headings of matrix P contain all the possible permutations of (m - 1) elements of the character set.
  • the column headings of matrix P each contain an element of the character set. An example of how the matrix is set up for an m — 3 embodiment is shown in figure 5a.
  • the number in each cell of the matrix contains the likelihood of the character in that cell's column heading to follow the sequence of characters in its row heading. Based on the user's input, a row is selected and its columns are sorted by the values in the cells. The columns are arranged from most likely to occur to least likely to occur, and the first n characters are then included in the dynamic region 14 of the keyboard.
  • m 2
  • an English language character set is implemented and therefore the fixed layout 12 is chosen to be the best known English configuration, which happens to be the QWERTY layout.
  • the dynamic region 14 there is a point at which the difficulty of locating a character in a new arrangement of the dynamic region 14 outweighs the benefit of reduced distance to the next character.
  • m 2
  • this point occurs at about 9 dynamic positions.
  • the dynamic region 14 may be set up as if the last character entered was a space. Therefore the nine characters displayed to the user are the nine most likely to begin a new word. The most likely character is placed at the home position 15 of the dynamic key set with the remaining eight characters placed around it. The rest of the characters are filled in as shown in figure 12.
  • the positioning of the outer eight characters is also influenced by which characters are placed there. There are certain letters that will occur frequently in the dynamic keys, particularly the vowels. However, although the same letters may reoccur they may not necessarily have the same probability of reoccurring. Therefore, based on the previously mentioned placement scheme the same letters will reoccur in different locations. This is illustrated by figures 6(a) and 6(b).
  • Figure 6(a) illustrates the arrangement of the dynamic region 14 after the letter 'G' is selected and figure 6(b) illustrates the arrangement if the letter 'S' is selected. It is clear that many of the same letters are used, but they are placed at different places within the dynamic region 14. This can be improved by providing some characters with assigned positions regardless of their probability of occurrence, as long as they are found between positions two and nine, inclusively, in L. The most probable next character is always placed at the cursor's home position 15.
  • Figures 8(a) and 8(b) illustrate how fixed positions would affect figures 6(a) and 6(b), respectively.
  • figure 6(a) contains the same letters as figure 8(a)
  • figure 6(b) contains the same letters as figure 8(b)
  • the similarity between figures 8(a) and 8(b) is far more apparent than that between figures 6(a) and 6(b). Therefore, providing fixed positions for certain characters allows the dynamic set of characters to appear to retain some form of stability even though it remains entirely dynamic.
  • the increased appearance of stability enables the user to develop a familiarity with the placement of the eight fixed characters, which, in turn, will improve the text entry speed.
  • the positioning of characters in the dynamic region is accomplished by placing each successive character in L as close to the cursor position as possible, given the remaining unfilled slots.
  • the order of filling these positions is at the discretion of the programmer.
  • positions in the top row are superior to other positions because they only require the use of one arrow key to reach, whereas positions in rows 2 and 3 require the use of two arrow keys.
  • positions in rows 2 and 3 require the use of two arrow keys.
  • positions in row 1 and column 1 are accessible via a less complex route than positions in rows 2 and 3, starting from column 2. It might make sense to fill row 1, and column 1, positions before others at identical distances form the cursor.
  • this could be generalized as follows:
  • positions in the same row or column as the cursor should be filled before other positions.
  • Another embodiment of the invention allows the user to be able to switch languages.
  • the language switch may result in a different fixed layout 12 as well as a different table of next character probabilities.
  • the basic method for updating the dynamic region as used for a language other than English remains the same.
  • the dynamic region is not generated by a single preceding character, but by a preceding string of characters.
  • This string prediction method makes the prediction more accurate than a simple single-character based prediction. An example of this is illustrated in table 1, below.
  • the dynamic region 14 may have a different layout to the 3x3 matrix above in order to adapt to specific applications. Some alternate possible layouts are illustrated in figures 10(a), 10(b), and 10(c) above.
  • the home position in each of the layouts is slightly different, yet no dynamic key is more than two moves of the cursor away from it.
  • To increase the number of dynamic keys or the distance that they are from the home key reduces the effectiveness of using a hybrid keyboard by increasing the number of options available to the user, which increases the decision time. The excess keys reduce the effectiveness of the hybrid keyboard, but does not render it useless.
  • the location of the cursor position within the dynamic part is a design option. There are tradeoffs associated with different choices. One consideration is that the home position be no greater than a certain distance from any of the dynamic positions. Another consideration is that the home position be adjacent to an edge of the layout for the facilitation of implicit selection of the space character (discussed below). The positioning of this virtual space bar with respect to the layout is a design option contingent to a degree on the choice of cursor home position. Another option is whether or not to actually display the virtual space bar.
  • the position of the dynamic layout in the overall layout may also be changed as shown by the shaded squares of Figure 11. Furthermore, the dynamic keys may be interspersed throughout part or all of the layout.
  • an underlying assumption of is that the number of characters in the language in question's alphabet is small, that is, in the order of the size of the English alphabet.
  • the number of characters is much larger that the English language.
  • the number of unique strokes in Chinese and Japanese, and other Asian languages with very large character sets is in the order of the size of the English alphabet (typically in the order of fifty). In order to utilize the languages such as Chinese or Japanese there are two additional requirements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Input From Keyboards Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'entrée de caractères dans un dispositif possédant un écran d'affichage de caractères et une touche de navigation répondant aux manipulations de l'utilisateur et lui permettant de se déplacer sur l'écran d'affichage à l'aide d'un curseur. Les caractères sont affichés suivant une disposition prédéterminée sur l'écran d'affichage d'entrée de caractères. Cette disposition comprend un ensemble de caractères fixe et un sous-ensemble de caractères dynamique. Le sous-ensemble dynamique est déterminé par un seul caractère ou une chaîne de caractères préalablement introduits. L'utilisateur sélectionne un caractère parmi un des ensembles mentionnés en déplaçant le curseur vers le caractère désiré. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, le dispositif peut inclure un radiomessageur, un téléphone cellulaire, ou un autre appareil semblable.
PCT/CA2000/000328 1999-03-29 2000-03-29 Procede d'entree de texte mobile Ceased WO2000058816A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU35462/00A AU3546200A (en) 1999-03-29 2000-03-29 A method for mobile text entry

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28005899A 1999-03-29 1999-03-29
US09/280,058 1999-03-29
CA2,267,438 1999-03-29
CA 2267438 CA2267438A1 (fr) 1999-03-29 1999-03-29 Methode de saisie de texte pour appareil mobile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000058816A2 true WO2000058816A2 (fr) 2000-10-05
WO2000058816A3 WO2000058816A3 (fr) 2001-02-01

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PCT/CA2000/000328 Ceased WO2000058816A2 (fr) 1999-03-29 2000-03-29 Procede d'entree de texte mobile

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3546200A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000058816A2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2821180A1 (fr) * 2001-02-16 2002-08-23 Nptv Clavier virtuel pour la saisie de caracteres sans le recours a un clavier
WO2002091160A1 (fr) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-14 Ziad Badarneh Systeme permettant la prediction des saisies d'elements de donnees
EP1387243A3 (fr) * 2002-07-30 2005-10-05 Nokia Corporation Dispositif d'entrée de données par utilisateur
EP2240842A4 (fr) * 2008-02-04 2013-02-13 Microsoft Corp Clavier logiciel dynamique
US10719131B2 (en) 2010-04-05 2020-07-21 Tactile Displays, Llc Interactive display with tactile feedback
US10990184B2 (en) 2010-04-13 2021-04-27 Tactile Displays, Llc Energy efficient interactive display with energy regenerative keyboard

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5128672A (en) * 1990-10-30 1992-07-07 Apple Computer, Inc. Dynamic predictive keyboard
JPH08221169A (ja) * 1995-02-14 1996-08-30 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd ソフトウェアキーボード表示方法とその装置
US5797098A (en) * 1995-07-19 1998-08-18 Pacific Communication Sciences, Inc. User interface for cellular telephone
FI961277L (fi) * 1996-03-20 1997-09-21 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Menetelmä merkkijonon muodostamiseksi, elektroninen viestinlaite sekä latausyksikkö elektronisen viestinlaitteen lataamiseksi
GB9726380D0 (en) * 1997-12-11 1998-02-11 British Telecomm An input device

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2821180A1 (fr) * 2001-02-16 2002-08-23 Nptv Clavier virtuel pour la saisie de caracteres sans le recours a un clavier
WO2002067105A1 (fr) * 2001-02-16 2002-08-29 Nptv Clavier virtuel pour la saisie de caracteres sans le recours a un clavier
WO2002091160A1 (fr) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-14 Ziad Badarneh Systeme permettant la prediction des saisies d'elements de donnees
EP1387243A3 (fr) * 2002-07-30 2005-10-05 Nokia Corporation Dispositif d'entrée de données par utilisateur
EP2240842A4 (fr) * 2008-02-04 2013-02-13 Microsoft Corp Clavier logiciel dynamique
US9552155B2 (en) 2008-02-04 2017-01-24 Microsoft Technology Liecsnsing, LLC Dynamic soft keyboard
US10394446B2 (en) 2008-02-04 2019-08-27 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Dynamic soft keyboard
US10719131B2 (en) 2010-04-05 2020-07-21 Tactile Displays, Llc Interactive display with tactile feedback
US10990183B2 (en) 2010-04-05 2021-04-27 Tactile Displays, Llc Interactive display with tactile feedback
US10996762B2 (en) 2010-04-05 2021-05-04 Tactile Displays, Llc Interactive display with tactile feedback
US10990184B2 (en) 2010-04-13 2021-04-27 Tactile Displays, Llc Energy efficient interactive display with energy regenerative keyboard

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2000058816A3 (fr) 2001-02-01
AU3546200A (en) 2000-10-16

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