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WO2000055800A1 - Terminaux de point de vente (pos) a verification biometrique - Google Patents

Terminaux de point de vente (pos) a verification biometrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000055800A1
WO2000055800A1 PCT/US2000/007076 US0007076W WO0055800A1 WO 2000055800 A1 WO2000055800 A1 WO 2000055800A1 US 0007076 W US0007076 W US 0007076W WO 0055800 A1 WO0055800 A1 WO 0055800A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fingeφrint
pos
terminal
sale
template
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2000/007076
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English (en)
Inventor
K P Unnikrishnan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2000055800A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000055800A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/401—Transaction verification
    • G06Q20/4014—Identity check for transactions
    • G06Q20/40145—Biometric identity checks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • G07C9/257—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition electronically
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C11/00—Arrangements, systems or apparatus for checking, e.g. the occurrence of a condition, not provided for elsewhere
    • G07C2011/02—Arrangements, systems or apparatus for checking, e.g. the occurrence of a condition, not provided for elsewhere related to amusement parks

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to adding security to point-of-sale (POS) terminals and, in particular, to the use of biometrics and finge ⁇ rint recognition to achieve this security.
  • POS point-of-sale
  • POS terminals are devices such as the electronic cash registers (ECR) used in retail stores and the electronic fund transfer (EFT) terminals used in groceries and gas stations.
  • ECR electronic cash registers
  • EFT electronic fund transfer
  • ECRs use of physical cash may be involved, while in EFTs, only "electronic cash” is involved.
  • U.S. patent 6,01 1,858 relates to memory cards and protecting the data on these memory cards using biometric templates.
  • the primary aim of this invention is protection of data on the card.
  • the present invention is primarily directed to the identification of an individual through biometric means and the use of this identification to secure transactions at the POS terminal.
  • the fingerprint verification method of the present invention is very different from the methods disclosed in U.S. patent 6,01 1 ,858.
  • the present method does not use the entire fingerprint to compare and does not store the entire fingerprint as templates. Instead, key characteristics of the fingerprint, called minutiae, are extracted from the fingerprint.
  • the storage, matching, and recognition are all done using fingerprint minutiae. As soon as an image of the fingerprint is captured, information on key minutiae is extracted from it and the original fingerprint is discarded.
  • Minutiae-based fingerprint verification has two main advantages, as described below:
  • the templates stored are very compact (about 20-30 bytes) compared to the whole fingerprint (about 65,000 bytes).
  • the verification process needs a fingerprint on the sensor, but the image of a fingerprint can never be reconstructed from its minutiae due to the feature extraction and compression, preventing the misuse of the stored information to infiltrate other fingerprint based securih systems.
  • the present invention comprises of a method and apparatus to increase security of Point of Sale (POS) terminal transactions using a fingerprint verification (FPV) system to verify the identity of authorized users, using compact, stand-alone, fingerprint verification technologies.
  • POS Point of Sale
  • FV fingerprint verification
  • the central concept of this invention is the inco ⁇ oration of finge ⁇ rint verification into the operation of POS terminals.
  • the recognition systems described in the two pending U.S. patent applications noted above do not directly compare two finge ⁇ rints for verification.
  • Certain key characteristics, called minutiae are first extracted from finge ⁇ rints. These minutiae are compared against previously stored fmge ⁇ rint minutiae of authorized users.
  • the use of finge ⁇ rint minutiae also has the advantage that the individual templates are very small in size (about 50- 60 bytes).
  • a typical finge ⁇ rint is 65 K Bytes (256x256 image at 8 bits per pixel), and so by extracting key minutiae from the finge ⁇ rints, the amount of data is reduces by a factor of about 1000.
  • Another key factor is that the finge ⁇ rint can't be reconstructed from the stored minutiae.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a finge ⁇ rint scanner embedded in the POS terminal;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a card reader, a key pad, and a finge ⁇ rint scanner embedded in the POS terminal;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a card reader, a key pad, a finge ⁇ rint scanner, and finge ⁇ rint verification circuitry in the POS terminal;
  • Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a magnetic- stripe card reader, a finge ⁇ rint scanner, and finge ⁇ rint verification circuitry in the POS terminal
  • Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a smart card reader, a finge ⁇ rint scanner, and finge ⁇ rint verification circuitry in the POS terminal
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a smart card reader with the finge ⁇ rint scanner on the smart card, and finge ⁇ rint verification circuitry in the POS terminal.
  • U.S. patent application # 09/262,823 are well suited for sensors smaller than the size of finge ⁇ rints.
  • a method for verifying fmge ⁇ rints directly from slice data uses a feature detecting front-end to extract minutia information from the individual slice images of finge ⁇ rints, a bank of time-delays to organize the output of these feature detectors over time, and a set of individual recognition units to recognize each different finge ⁇ rint.
  • the characteristics of each finge ⁇ rint in the database is stored in the pattern of connections between the time-delays and recognition units.
  • the method described in the patent disclosure allows finge ⁇ rint sensors to capture the finge ⁇ rint as thin slices and allows associated recognition systems to do the recognition directly from these slices, as and when they are captured.
  • the finge ⁇ rint sensors can be small and hence inexpensive, and (ii) the recognition systems do not need cumbersome reconstruction algorithms and hence can be implemented in inexpensive hardware.
  • the technology described in the application made compact, low-cost, stand-alone, finge ⁇ rint verification feasible. It is the extreme synergy between the currently available, compact, finge ⁇ rint sensors (details of which are provided later) and the extremely compact recognition systems disclosed in the pending U.S. patent applications # 09/187,643, and # 09/262,823 that makes our invention unique.
  • Microelectronis described at www.st.com/stonline/index.htm
  • the sensor from Veridicom described at www.veridicom.com/ products.htm
  • a slice of it the sensor from Thomson-CSF, described at www.tcs.thomson- csf.com/US/fingerchip.
  • An appropriate solid-state sensor provides the image of the finge ⁇ rint at a resolution of one bit (black/white) or 8 bits (256 gray levels) per pixel.
  • Finge ⁇ rints consist of ridges and valleys of approximately constant width.
  • Finge ⁇ rint minutiae are end points and bifurcation points of these ridges.
  • Methods for extracting information about these minutiae from finge ⁇ rint images, storing them as templates of authorized users and matching minutiae from unknown finge ⁇ rints against these stored templates to verify the identity of the person are described in the U.S. patent application titled "Finge ⁇ rint Verification Methods and Apparatus, Consumer Items Inco ⁇ orating the Same", serial # 09/187,643, filed on November 6, 1998,the entire contents of which are hereby inco ⁇ orated by reference.
  • Finge ⁇ rints consist of ridges and valleys of approximately constant width.
  • Finge ⁇ rint minutiae are end points and bifurcation points of these ridges.
  • the methods described in the above U.S. patent application extracts information about their locations and orientations from the fmge ⁇ rint image.
  • the location information consists of their x and y co-ordinates, and the orientation information consists of the orientation of one (at end points) or three (at bifurcation points) lines at the minutiae.
  • authorized users' minutiae are stored as templates.
  • these minutiae are matched against stores templates.
  • the authorized finge ⁇ rints are stored as minutia templates.
  • three templates from three different scans of the same finger are stored for each person.
  • the new finge ⁇ rint is positively verified.
  • the complete verification system as described above, runs in realtime on an inexpensive 16 or 8 bit micro controller.
  • the sensor from Thomson-CSF described at www.tcs.thomson-csf.com/US/fingerchip, captures the fmge ⁇ rint as slices.
  • This sensor is smaller than the size of a finge ⁇ rint.
  • the patent application titled "A Method For Finge ⁇ rint Verification Directly From Slice Data ' serial # 09/262,823, filed on March 5, 1999 discloses a method to recognize the finge ⁇ rints directly from the slices, without any elaborate reconstruction. This method uses time-delays to combine the minutia information from individual slices. This method can be used when the sensors are smaller than the finge ⁇ rint and when the finger has to be slid past the sensor.
  • method A fmge ⁇ rint-template storage and matching with minutiae extracted from a finge ⁇ rint captured at a POS terminal are done centrally, while in methods B and C, the matching is done locally, at the POS terminal.
  • methods B and C the differences between methods B and C is that in method B, the templates are stored centrally and brought over to the POS terminal, while in method C, no templates are stored at a central location.
  • the minutia information is extracted from the finge ⁇ rint at the POS terminal.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a POS terminal 10 inco ⁇ orating method A.
  • the POS terminal 10 has a finge ⁇ rint sensor 1 1 inco ⁇ orated into it.
  • the customer places his/her finger 12 on the sensor 11.
  • the POS terminal 10 captures an image of the finge ⁇ rint.
  • the POS terminal 10 contains all necessary circuitry to extract key minutiae information and transmits this information 14 (over telephone wires 13 or via another suitable medium) in a suitably encrypted form to a central computer at a remote location.
  • the central computer identifies the finge ⁇ rint and transmits the identity and other relevant information to the POS terminal 10.
  • the POS terminal 10 completes the transaction after receiving a positive verification 15 from the central computer.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification of the above method, where, in addition to providing a finge ⁇ rint 24, the person may also enter an identifying code at the POS terminal 20.
  • This additional information is entered either using a keypad 28, where the customer for example enters a PIN or account number, or by swiping a card 23 containing this information stored on it.
  • the POS terminal 20 contains all necessary circuitry to extract key finge ⁇ rint minutiae information and transmits this information and the PIN 26 (over telephone wires 25 or via another suitable medium) in a suitably encrypted form to a central computer at a remote location.
  • the central computer perfonns an authentication (i.e. verifies he/she is the person identified by the PIN 26).
  • the POS terminal 20 completes the transaction after receiving a positive authentication 27 from the central computer. Since authentication involves only matching one template against the incoming finge ⁇ rint minutiae, the total amount of computation at the central computer is cut down drastically.
  • Method B Central minutia storage and local matching
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the configuration of a POS terminal 30 where the finge ⁇ rint verification is performed at the terminal itself. Only the result of this verification is transmitted to the central computer. The user first enters identifying information about himself by entering a PIN or account number using the keypad 38 or by swiping the card 37 containing this PIN/account number. This information 34 is immediately sent over to the central computer, and the central computer sends back the minutia information
  • the user puts his finger 32 on the finge ⁇ rint sensor 31 in the POS terminal 30.
  • This finge ⁇ rint is compared against the template 35 brought over from the central computer, and the verification result 36 is transmitted back to the central computer.
  • the advantage of such a system is that all templates are stored centrally and available at all terminals.
  • the PIN/account number 34 is very small in size (few bits) and can be transmitted to the central computer very quickly.
  • the minutia template associated with each PIN/account number is also very small (50-100 Bytes) and can be brought over to the POS terminal 30 very quickly.
  • Method C Entire matching done locally at the POS terminal This method is shown schematically in FIG. 4a, and FIG. 4b. In FIG. 4a, and FIG. 4b. In FIG. 4a, and FIG. 4b.
  • the magnetic stripe card 41 carries, in addition to the account/PLN information, the minutia template of the person's finge ⁇ rint. He swipes the card 41 through the slot 42 and the POS terminal 40 gets the account and minutia information from the card 41. The user subsequently puts his finger 45 on the sensor 46 in the POS terminal 40. The terminal performs the minutia- matching and optionally sends out a result 48 to a central computer via the telephone link 47 or another suitable medium. The central computer optionally sends any information 49 needed (e.g., authorization) back to the POS terminal 40.
  • the smart card 43 carries, in addition to the account/PLN information, the minutia information of the person's finge ⁇ rint.
  • the POS terminal 40 gets the account and minutia information from the card 43.
  • the user subsequently puts his finger 45 on the sensor 46 in the POS terminal 40.
  • the terminal performs the minutia-matching and optionally sends out a result 48 to a central computer via the telephone link 47 or another suitable medium.
  • the central computer optionally sends any information 49 needed (e.g., authorization) back to the POS terminal 40.
  • the main advantage of the above configurations is that the entire finge ⁇ rint verification is done at the POS terminal 40, independent of the central computer. There is no data or very minimal (few bits) amount of data (48 and 49) to be transmitted between the terminal 40 and the central computer. There is no central storage of finge ⁇ rints, and hence no "big brother" fears.
  • the card is initially issued to the person at a facility, his finge ⁇ rint is scanned, key minutia information extracted from it, and these minutiae are securely stored on the card.
  • FIG. 5 Another configuration is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the finge ⁇ rint sensor 52 is on the card 51, instead of on the POS terminal 50.
  • the user places the card 51 in the card-reader 55, with is finger 53 on the finge ⁇ rint sensor 52.
  • the POS terminal 50 first gets the account information and then the minutia information from the card 51.
  • the finge ⁇ rint image is captured and compared at the POS terminal 50.
  • the result of verification 57 is optionally transmitted to the central computer via a telephone link 56 or another suitable medium.
  • the central computer sends an authorization information 58 back to the terminal 50.
  • the POS terminal 50 may record information the transaction on the card 51.
  • the advantage of this method is that the same sensor 52 (the one on the user's card 51) is used to create the minutia template of the authorized user and subsequently in every verification. As a result, errors due to differences in sensors are eliminated. For example, different sensors may have different noise characteristics and different image quality.
  • the smart card used in this configuration may be of the existing "multi-app" kind which draws the necessary power from the terminal as the user places it in the card reader, or a future kind with its own battery power. While this invention has been described and illustrated herein with respect to preferred embodiments, it is understood that alternative embodiments and substantial equivalents are included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Collating Specific Patterns (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant d'accroître la sécurité des transactions effectuées aux points de vente, tels que des terminaux POS (20), consistant à intégrer une vérification des empreintes digitales. Des caractéristiques des empreintes digitales (24) de l'utilisateur autorisé sont extraites et stockées dans un modèle, une empreinte n'étant jamais stockée dans son intégralité. On compare ensuite les caractéristiques extraites des empreintes digitales d'un utilisateur prises sur place à celles qui sont stockées dans le modèle. En cas de correspondance des deux, la transaction peut continuer.
PCT/US2000/007076 1999-03-18 2000-03-17 Terminaux de point de vente (pos) a verification biometrique Ceased WO2000055800A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12505299P 1999-03-18 1999-03-18
US60/125,052 1999-03-18

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WO2000055800A1 true WO2000055800A1 (fr) 2000-09-21

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001084494A1 (fr) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-08 Precise Biometrics Ab Controle d'identite biometrique
WO2002001314A3 (fr) * 2000-06-29 2002-08-15 Multimedia Glory Sdn Bhd Verification biometrique pour des transactions electroniques sur le web
WO2007141728A1 (fr) * 2006-06-08 2007-12-13 Ganasen Naidoo Système de sécurité destiné à être utilisé avec les performances d'une opération restreinte
US7389934B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2008-06-24 International Business Machines Corporation On-demand point-of-sale scanner access
US20090228362A1 (en) * 1994-11-28 2009-09-10 Yt Acquisition Corporation Tokenless biometric electronic financial transactions via a third party identicator
US20140344084A1 (en) * 2008-06-11 2014-11-20 Ariel Inventions Llc System and method for verifying user identity information in financial transactions
US9384338B2 (en) 2004-06-09 2016-07-05 Genkey Netherlands B.V. Architectures for privacy protection of biometric templates
US12456121B2 (en) 2018-04-27 2025-10-28 Veda Lisa Lochan Dass Fingerprint recognition for point of sales terminal system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5546471A (en) * 1994-10-28 1996-08-13 The National Registry, Inc. Ergonomic fingerprint reader apparatus
US5615277A (en) * 1994-11-28 1997-03-25 Hoffman; Ned Tokenless security system for authorizing access to a secured computer system
US5987155A (en) * 1997-10-27 1999-11-16 Dew Engineering And Development Limited Biometric input device with peripheral port

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5546471A (en) * 1994-10-28 1996-08-13 The National Registry, Inc. Ergonomic fingerprint reader apparatus
US5615277A (en) * 1994-11-28 1997-03-25 Hoffman; Ned Tokenless security system for authorizing access to a secured computer system
US5987155A (en) * 1997-10-27 1999-11-16 Dew Engineering And Development Limited Biometric input device with peripheral port

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090228362A1 (en) * 1994-11-28 2009-09-10 Yt Acquisition Corporation Tokenless biometric electronic financial transactions via a third party identicator
WO2001084494A1 (fr) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-08 Precise Biometrics Ab Controle d'identite biometrique
US7333637B2 (en) 2000-04-28 2008-02-19 Precise Biometrics Ab Biometric identity check
WO2002001314A3 (fr) * 2000-06-29 2002-08-15 Multimedia Glory Sdn Bhd Verification biometrique pour des transactions electroniques sur le web
US8443200B2 (en) 2000-06-29 2013-05-14 Karsof Systems Llc Biometric verification for electronic transactions over the web
US9384338B2 (en) 2004-06-09 2016-07-05 Genkey Netherlands B.V. Architectures for privacy protection of biometric templates
US7389934B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2008-06-24 International Business Machines Corporation On-demand point-of-sale scanner access
US7913912B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2011-03-29 International Business Machines Corporation On-demand point-of-sale scanner access
WO2007141728A1 (fr) * 2006-06-08 2007-12-13 Ganasen Naidoo Système de sécurité destiné à être utilisé avec les performances d'une opération restreinte
US20140344084A1 (en) * 2008-06-11 2014-11-20 Ariel Inventions Llc System and method for verifying user identity information in financial transactions
US12456121B2 (en) 2018-04-27 2025-10-28 Veda Lisa Lochan Dass Fingerprint recognition for point of sales terminal system

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