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WO2000052519A1 - Demultiplexeur programmable utilisant un reseau de diffraction polymere a modulation electro-optique - Google Patents

Demultiplexeur programmable utilisant un reseau de diffraction polymere a modulation electro-optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000052519A1
WO2000052519A1 PCT/CA2000/000211 CA0000211W WO0052519A1 WO 2000052519 A1 WO2000052519 A1 WO 2000052519A1 CA 0000211 W CA0000211 W CA 0000211W WO 0052519 A1 WO0052519 A1 WO 0052519A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
grating
substrate
coupler
electro
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2000/000211
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
De-Gui Sun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nu Wave Photonics Inc
Zenastra Photonics Inc
Original Assignee
Nu Wave Photonics Inc
Zenastra Photonics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nu Wave Photonics Inc, Zenastra Photonics Inc filed Critical Nu Wave Photonics Inc
Priority to AU28989/00A priority Critical patent/AU2898900A/en
Publication of WO2000052519A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000052519A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/061—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-optical organic material
    • G02F1/065—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-optical organic material in an optical waveguide structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
    • G02F1/313—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure
    • G02F1/3132—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure of directional coupler type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/30—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating
    • G02F2201/302—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating grating coupler

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electro-optical demultiplexing devices for reconfigurable wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems in fiberoptic communication.
  • WDM wavelength-division-multiplexing
  • a WDM system provides optical communication in wavelength multiplex mode. This approach allows modulated radiation from several light sources having clearly distinct wavelengths to be transmitted simultaneously over a single fiber and is a most promising approach to increase the number of communication channels and improve capacity in fiber-optic communication.
  • the use of WDM has the potential of improving the performance of fourth generation fiber systems by a factor of more than one thousand.
  • the commercialization of high capacity WDM lightwave systems requires high performance channel multiplexers and demultiplexers with add/drop capacity.
  • Reconfigurable WDM networks would facilitate transmission of large bandwidths.
  • the switching nodes in this kind of WDM networks could be directly connected to each other without electronic processing. This relaxes the capacity requirements for electronic switching systems when all links may all be optically traversed.
  • a dynamic reconfigurable WDM network layer could set up such direct, optical, links. This could be used to adapt the network to structural changes in traffic load.
  • Certain polymers a new kind of organic nonlinear electro-optical (EO) materials, have high EO nonlinearity and high ther o-optical (TO) effect.
  • Polymers generally have potentially both large EO and TO coefficients, low dielectric constants, improved thermal and temporal stability, and easy fabrication conditions. These physical properties of polymers are useful in constructing waveguide-type optical devices.
  • a variety of polymer-based devices aimed at providing feasible structures have been reported. The technologies associated with packaging and interfacing with other devices are also important considerations.
  • the present invention provides a programmable demultiplexer based on electro-optically, or thermo-optically, modulated polymeric grating- coupler array in conjunction with a substrate guided wave.
  • E0 or TO modulated polymeric grating-couplers in the array are designed to have different coupling wavelengths and are formed by applying modulation effects to grating-electrodes fabricated on a high-index substrate.
  • an appropriate modulation effect electrical or thermal
  • the modulated grating-coupler is activated and then couples an optical beam having the selected wavelength out from the substrate guided waves.
  • different grating-couplers can be used to couple different wavelength beams from the substrate guided waves.
  • the electro-optically programmable optical interconnect devices according to the present invention may be used as demultiplexers to implement reconfigurable WDM systems for fiber-optic communication.
  • the structure of the grating-couplers must meet two conditions. One condition is total internal reflection (TIR) for optical beams propagating within the substrate, when no modulating signal is applied to the grating-electrodes.
  • TIR total internal reflection
  • the other condition is the momentum matching at the expected wavelength for grating coupling when the modulated grating-coupler is activated by a modulation effect applied to the grating-electrode.
  • TIR total internal reflection
  • Theoretical study shows that perfect momentum matching of the structures according to the present invention cannot always be implemented, so that compensation for the existing mismatch is required.
  • the design of a grating structure directly impacts coupling efficiency of the grating-coupler and the bandwidth of the coupled beam at the expected wavelength.
  • Figure 1 shows in perspective a programmable demultiplexer using EO modulated polymeric grating-coupler array in conjunction with substrate guided waves according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 illustrates the principle of operation of the programmable demultiplexer of Figure 1 (in cross-section along A-A);
  • Figure 3 shows a top view of one of the electrodes of the grating coupler array in Figure 1; and Figure 4 shows a top view of one of the electrodes of a grating coupler array but for a TO modulated polymeric grating-coupler array.
  • a demultiplexer according to the present invention comprises a high refractive-index substrate 10 having a transparent electrode layer 11 on top. On top of the layer 11 there is an electro-optical (OE) polymeric layer 12.
  • OE electro-optical
  • a plurality of upper electrodes for example eight, Gl to G8, which induce index-modulated grating-couplers in the polymer layer 12 when activated, and which are modulated (activated) by applying a voltage to therewith connected contact pads PI to P8.
  • Both the electrodes Gl to G8 and the pads PI to P8 are formed on top of the EO polymeric layer 12 and may be shaped as shown in Figure 3.
  • a prism 13 is used as shown to launch a WDM signal beam 14 to propagate in the wave-guiding high-index substrate 10. Of course, other means for launching the WDM beam may also be used.
  • the operation of the demultiplexer is explained with reference to figure 2.
  • the beam 14 is launched into the substrate 10 via the prism 13 and propagates by total-internal-reflexion (TIR) as indicated by arrows 15 from left to right.
  • TIR total-internal-reflexion
  • an appropriate modulating signal voltage
  • the electrode 11 and one or more of the electrodes Gl to G8 the corresponding pads PI to P8 being the other electrode
  • the refractive index of the polymer 12 underneath the electrode is "modulated” to provide a grating-coupler and couple-out the respective, predetermined wavelength ( ⁇ -lto ⁇ -g) signal or beam (being a component of the WDM beam propagating in the substrate 10) through the respective grating-coupler electrode Gi .
  • the first condition necessary for operation of the demultiplexer is that the WDM beam in the substrate 10 experiences TIR at all locations of the grating-couplers Gl to G8 as long as no index modulating signal is applied to any of the pads PI to P8. If we designate f > , n ⁇ . and n ⁇ to be the refractive indices of the polymer layer 12, the transparent lower electrode 11 material and the substrate 10, respectively, and the bouncing angle of the bouncing beam within the substrate 10 to be & , the basic TIR condition can be expressed as
  • the second condition is the momentum matching for coupling an optical beam having the expected wavelength with a high efficiency.
  • the momentum-matching condition for this operation can be defined by
  • ⁇ c is the coupling angle of the modulated grating-coupler and m indicates the tn' th diffraction order.
  • the first condition i.e. the TIR condition is broken. If d and ⁇ /1 stand for the thickness and index modulation of the polymer film, respectively, the coupling efficiency of the modulated grating-couplers can be expressed as
  • k c is the coupling constant and strongly depends on the index modulation An .
  • the second condition i.e., the momentum matching
  • a compensation for the mismatch of the momentum need to be made to improve the coupling efficiency of the modulated polymeric grating-couplers.
  • the electrode layer 11 is no longer required.
  • a suitable grating inducing electrode would then be that shown in Figure 4, where the modulating voltage is applied between the pads Pi and P'i to heat the electrode "fingers" 16 and the corresponding volume in the polymer layer 12 underneath.
  • the device as shown in Figures 1 to 4 for a WDM demultiplexer for a WDM signal centered about a wavelength of 1.55 micrometer would typically have the following characteristics:
  • the potential difference between the electrodes Gi and 11 for inducing the grating-coupler underneath the electrode Gi in the polymer layer 12 is 10-12 V.
  • the device shown when reduced to a single grating-coupler electrode G or more, may also be used to switch a light beam or beams of the appropriate wavelength, which have been launched into the substrate 10 (e.g. by means of an optical waveguide or fiber 17 at one end thereof) between an output waveguide 18 and the electrode G output.
  • a light beam or beams of the appropriate wavelength which have been launched into the substrate 10 (e.g. by means of an optical waveguide or fiber 17 at one end thereof) between an output waveguide 18 and the electrode G output.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un démultiplexeur (ou commutateur) optique programmable utilisant un coupleur à réseau de diffraction polymère à modulation d'indice électro-optique (ou thermo-optique) accompagné d'une onde guidée par un substrat. Ces coupleurs à réseau de diffraction modulés sont obtenus par un signal de modulation (tension) appliqué aux électrodes avec des modèles de diffraction. Différents coupleurs à réseau de diffraction électro-optique présentent différentes longueurs d'ondes de couplage de manière que chacun couple une longueur d'onde sélectionnée hors des ondes guidées par substrat. Cette architecture peut être utilisée comme démultiplexeur programmable pour réaliser des systèmes optiques reconfigurables à multiplexage optique.
PCT/CA2000/000211 1999-03-03 2000-03-01 Demultiplexeur programmable utilisant un reseau de diffraction polymere a modulation electro-optique Ceased WO2000052519A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU28989/00A AU2898900A (en) 1999-03-03 2000-03-01 Programmable demultiplexer using electro-optically modulated polymeric grating array

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA 2264324 CA2264324A1 (fr) 1999-03-03 1999-03-03 Demultiplexeur programmable utilisant un reseau a grille polymere a modulation electro-optique
CA2,264,324 1999-03-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000052519A1 true WO2000052519A1 (fr) 2000-09-08

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Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU2898900A (fr)
CA (1) CA2264324A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000052519A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10246547A1 (de) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-29 Infineon Technologies Ag Brechungsindexgitter und Modenkoppler mit einem Brechugsindexgitter
CN1316271C (zh) * 2002-03-01 2007-05-16 柔斯芒特公司 带有三维波导的光学开关
US20150355410A1 (en) * 2014-06-09 2015-12-10 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Optical grating coupler having wavelength tunable structure
CN115236804A (zh) * 2021-04-25 2022-10-25 北京摩尔芯光半导体技术有限公司 一种光开关阵列及切换方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110119040A (zh) * 2018-02-07 2019-08-13 桂林电子科技大学 基于电热效应的光纤调制芯片

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5371817A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-12-06 Eastman Kodak Company Multichannel optical waveguide page scanner with individually addressable electro-optic modulators
WO1996007940A1 (fr) * 1994-09-09 1996-03-14 Deacon Research Filtres d'abandon de canaux et coupleurs de guides d'ondes optiques utilisant des reseaux commandes electriquement
WO1999009440A1 (fr) * 1997-08-13 1999-02-25 Foster-Miller, Inc. Composants optiques commutables
WO1999042893A1 (fr) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-26 Corning Incorporated Multiplexeur optique accordable a insertion-extraction

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5371817A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-12-06 Eastman Kodak Company Multichannel optical waveguide page scanner with individually addressable electro-optic modulators
WO1996007940A1 (fr) * 1994-09-09 1996-03-14 Deacon Research Filtres d'abandon de canaux et coupleurs de guides d'ondes optiques utilisant des reseaux commandes electriquement
WO1999009440A1 (fr) * 1997-08-13 1999-02-25 Foster-Miller, Inc. Composants optiques commutables
WO1999042893A1 (fr) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-26 Corning Incorporated Multiplexeur optique accordable a insertion-extraction

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MIN-CHEOL OH ET AL: "Thermooptic tunable wavelength filters using polymer waveguide Bragg gratings", CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. LEOS'98. 11TH ANNUAL MEETING. IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 1998 ANNUAL MEETING (CAT. NO.98CH36243), CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. LEOS'98. 11TH ANNUAL MEETING. IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 1998 ANNUAL MEETING, OR, 1998, Piscataway, NJ, USA, IEEE, USA, pages 7 - 8 vol.2, XP002138888, ISBN: 0-7803-4947-4 *
POGA C ET AL: "Polymer Bragg gratings for wavelength division multiplexers", DIFFRACTIVE AND HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS, AND SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS VI, SAN JOSE, CA, USA, 27-29 JAN. 1999, vol. 3633, Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1999, SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng, USA, pages 81 - 91, XP000913759, ISSN: 0277-786X *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1316271C (zh) * 2002-03-01 2007-05-16 柔斯芒特公司 带有三维波导的光学开关
DE10246547A1 (de) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-29 Infineon Technologies Ag Brechungsindexgitter und Modenkoppler mit einem Brechugsindexgitter
US6975795B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2005-12-13 Finisar Corporation Refractive index grating, and mode coupler having a refractive index grating
DE10246547B4 (de) * 2002-09-30 2008-05-15 Finisar Corp., Sunnyvale Brechungsindexgitter und Modenkoppler mit einem Brechungsindexgitter
US20150355410A1 (en) * 2014-06-09 2015-12-10 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Optical grating coupler having wavelength tunable structure
CN115236804A (zh) * 2021-04-25 2022-10-25 北京摩尔芯光半导体技术有限公司 一种光开关阵列及切换方法
CN115236804B (zh) * 2021-04-25 2023-11-03 北京摩尔芯光半导体技术有限公司 一种光开关阵列及切换方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2898900A (en) 2000-09-21
CA2264324A1 (fr) 2000-09-03

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