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WO2000049075A1 - Charge de bauxite pour dossier de revetement de sol - Google Patents

Charge de bauxite pour dossier de revetement de sol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000049075A1
WO2000049075A1 PCT/US2000/004051 US0004051W WO0049075A1 WO 2000049075 A1 WO2000049075 A1 WO 2000049075A1 US 0004051 W US0004051 W US 0004051W WO 0049075 A1 WO0049075 A1 WO 0049075A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bauxite
latex
formulation
particles
filler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2000/004051
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Darryl A. Langley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reynolds Metals Co
Original Assignee
Reynolds Metals Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reynolds Metals Co filed Critical Reynolds Metals Co
Priority to AU29996/00A priority Critical patent/AU2999600A/en
Publication of WO2000049075A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000049075A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
    • C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
    • D06N7/0071—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
    • D06N7/0073—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing the back coating or pre-coat being applied as an aqueous dispersion or latex
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
    • D06N2205/04—Foam
    • D06N2205/045—Froth
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/06—Properties of the materials having thermal properties
    • D06N2209/067—Flame resistant, fire resistant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S521/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S521/907—Nonurethane flameproofed cellular product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S524/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S524/914—Floor covering compositions

Definitions

  • This invention relates to flame retardant fillers for carpet backings. More specifically, this invention relates to the use of bauxite as a flame retardant for polymer compositions such as those used in carpet backings.
  • a material currently used to provide flame retardancy in such materials is alumina trihydrate (AI2O33H2O), also known as hydrated alumina or ATH.
  • Alumina trihydrate provides excellent flame retarding properties and is also non-toxic
  • the alumina trihydrates used for this purpose are usually obtained by the extensive refining of natural bauxite. They are characterized by high purity and are substantially uniform in chemical characteristics. Obviously, this high degree of purity adds to the cost of the ATH product.
  • bauxite a source of the refined alumina trihydrate, has not been found suitable as a flame retarding agent for such applications.
  • the problem is that bauxites do not have uniform chemical and physical characteristics, and their appearance and composition will vary from geographical location to geographical location and may even differ from mining site to mining site within one location.
  • a further problem is that grinding bauxite for use in filler applications typically produces considerably more fines than grinding ATH and these excessive fines can cause viscosity and processing problems. Nevertheless, interest continues in seeking ways to utilize bauxites as flame retardant fillers.
  • AI2O3 alumina
  • the invention relates to the use of untreated, ground bauxite, either as the sole filler or in combination with a mixture of known fillers such as ATH and calcium carbonate, which in combination with inorganic wetting agents such as TKPP, chelating agents, organic (low molecular weight, short C-H chain polyacrylate) dispersants, latex and froth aids (lauryl sulfate free and sulfosuccinimate free) aid carpet backing formulations to provide acceptable long term (24 hours or longer) stability of the carpet backing slurry. If the compounded carpet backing formulation has to be held in holding tanks for one or more days the slurry viscosity must remain fluid enough for pumping back to the application tanks.
  • inorganic wetting agents such as TKPP, chelating agents, organic (low molecular weight, short C-H chain polyacrylate) dispersants, latex and froth aids (lauryl sulfate free and sulfosuccinimate free)
  • carpet backing formulations with specifications for initial viscosity in the 12,000 centipoise range would be expected to not exceed 20,000 centipoise and carpet backing formulations with specs for initial viscosity in the 15,000 to 18,000 range would be expected to not exceed viscosity build to somewhere in the 25,000 to 30,000 centipoise range. Even though some viscosity build may occur, the suspensions have good Theological properties and appear to be thixotropic (they can be stirred back to near their original viscosity fairly easily) rather than the detrimental dilatant character.
  • the invention is believed to be an improvement over previous teachings/patents on the use of fine ground bauxite in the above applications and addresses the practical issues of using bauxite commercially.
  • the various issues preventing the use of bauxite as a filler for these applications have been evaluated and practical solutions are provided.
  • problems with particle size and pH are addressed.
  • problems with filler dispersion, aging (viscosity build with time), and agitation are addressed.
  • the present invention provides for the use of finer, ground bauxite (up to 45% or more particles less than 3 micrometers) to make fluid, well dispersed and stable latex systems.
  • An additional improvement over previous practice is the use of bauxites with pH as low as 4.5 (preferably in the 5 to 8 pH range) as compared with the lower pH limit of 6.5 in previous practice to make fluid, well dispersed and stable latex systems.
  • the invention also describes blunging or mixing (continuous or intermittent) of the slurry to maintain good fluidity and stable viscosity of the ground bauxite filled latex carpet backing formulation for 24 hours or longer, which has practical significance.
  • the present invention is directed to the utilization of naturally occurring bauxites as flame retardants, and more specifically to their incorporation into polymer backings for use in the carpet industry.
  • Bauxite refers generally to the naturally occurring aluminous ore which contains alumina, usually expressed as AI2O3, as a major constituent with the balance comprising iron oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide and a minor amount of other impurities. Bauxites occur throughout the world and the composition thereof varies from one location to another. Most bauxite ore comes from open-pit mines with the largest deposits being found in Jamaica, Australia, Surinam, Eastern Europe and Guyana. While the composition of the ore varies, alumina is always present as the main ingredient, normally as alpha-alumina trihydrate, also known as gibbsite, together with smaller amounts of other minerals. Alumina trihydrate (ATH) is usually extracted from the bauxite by the well known Bayer process. Alumina may also be present in bauxite as boehmite and diaspore (alumina monohydrates) which are more difficult to extract.
  • Size reduced Guyana bauxite is especially suited for use in the present invention due to its high alumina trihydrate content (70 to 90% gibbsite, but typically 80 to 85%) and low impurity level.
  • Such bauxite is typically mildly acidic and does not readily wet-out and blend in a polymer solution (such as a latex), the type normally used with ATH as a filler to form a homogeneous slurry without excessive mechanical stirring and even then tends to form undesirable lumps.
  • a polymer solution such as a latex
  • the bauxite filled latex slurry tends to build (increase) in viscosity if held for extended periods and becomes very difficult to pump from holding vessels.
  • the bauxite filler is improved if appropriately ground prior to blending with the latex.
  • the bauxite is ground in a conventional manner to obtain a substantially consistent mixture. Grinding is important to break down chunks or large pieces of the bauxite so as to obtain a more uniform distribution of particles and eliminate larger particles which will cause problems as they have more of a tendency to separate from the latex during foaming and application to carpet backing.
  • the ground bauxite should be predominantly less than 250 micrometers in size and may have fines in amounts of up to 45 wt.% which are less than 3 micrometers.
  • bauxite with even greater fines content can be used if the percent solids of the carpet backing formulation is reduced by only 1% (for example reducing the solids content of a formulation using bauxite as the filler from 80 to 79%, by increasing the water addition, allowed a bauxite sample with 54.7% fines to be used successfully. This means that if the bauxite is properly ground, the fines need not be removed for it to perform well as a flame retarding filler.
  • Patent 4,216,130 may range from about 20 up to 45 wt.% (preferably up to 40%) of the total weight of the ground bauxites. As already stated, if the percent solids of the carpet backing formulation can be lowered slightly, the amount of fines in the bauxite can go as high as 55% or more. According to U.S. Patent 4,216,130, bauxites which contain these high amounts of fines cannot be used in pre-coat and adhesive applications because of the viscosity increase imparted to the polymers used for this purpose by the excess fines. Therefore, U.S. Patent 4,216,130, points out that the percentage of fines in the ground bauxite should not exceed about 15% by weight. U.S. Patent 4,216,130 also specifies that the bauxite must be at least 6.5 pH or greater when measured at 20°C in an aqueous suspension containing 5 grams of ground bauxite/100 grams of water.
  • the bauxites employed herein can be ground in conventional grinding equipment and used as a flame retardant filler in polymers employed in carpet backings even if the bauxite contains an amount of fines in excess of 15% by weight and the bauxite pH is as low as 4.5.
  • a preferred bauxite material of the present invention comprises bauxite which has a pH greater than 4.5 , and preferably greater than 5, and which has been ground so that it comprises a substantially uniform particle size distribution which is predominantly less than 250 micrometers and may contain up to about 45% by weight (or even greater if the percent solids of the formulation is lowered slightly) of fines, defined as particles having an average diameter of about 3 micrometers or less.
  • the bauxite prepared in accordance with this invention is useful as a filler and flame retardant in various polymer systems such as polyesters, latex foams and adhesives, acrylics, epoxies, polyurethanes, ethylene and propylene copoiymers, and thermoplastics such as polyvinylchloride, polyolefins, and polystyrene.
  • the bauxite is especially suitable as a flame retardant filler for use in aqueous systems with latex foam rubber and carboxylated latex adhesives used in carpet backings.
  • the latex In order to obtain the best results, the latex must be adjusted to accommodate the differences between bauxite and ATH.
  • the preferred latex is a modified styrene-butadiene polymer.
  • the bauxite is used in the conventional manner in place of the more expensive alumina trihydrate currently used as a flame retardant filler in such systems.
  • a typical carpet backing latex system formulation will contain a SBR or natural rubber latex, flame retardant and or other fillers, and various other additives.
  • the filler used in such systems is typically present in an amount of about 30 to 80 wt.% preferably 60 to 70 wt.% (but may be lower)of the total mix and bauxite may be substituted on a weight basis for the ATH portion in any conventional formulation, together with the selected proper latex, dispersant/wetting agent package, and froth aid.
  • a dispersant When incorporating the bauxite flame retardant material into the polymer composition, it is helpful to incorporate an effective amount of a dispersant into the mixture to properly disperse the bauxite into the polymer composition.
  • the dispersant should be present in an amount of about 0.01 to 4.0 wt.%. Any operative dispersant may be used although organic short chain polyacrylate dispersants and chelating agents are preferred.
  • the short chain polyacrylates e.g., Geosperse brand
  • Inorganic wetting agents may also be considered dispersants and can be helpful in wetting out the bauxite for better dispersion.
  • a properly selected combination of dispersants gives added viscosity stability to the bauxite filled latex.
  • Some froth aids also tend to increase the viscosity build in bauxite/latex systems especially the lauryl sulfate and sulfosuccinate froth aids.
  • lauryi sulfate and/or sulfosuccinate compounds should not be in the froth aids or latex used with bauxite filler.
  • froth aids which are not of the lauryl sulfate and sulfosuccinate family are most effective in the compositions of the invention while still minimizing viscosity build-up in the bauxite/latex systems.
  • Such froth aids preferably are anionic surfactants and do not contain lauryl sulfate or sulfosuccinate compounds.
  • Such froth aids are available from Chem-Tex Laboratories.
  • the additives for bauxite-filled carpet backing formulations be selective to prevent excessive viscosity buildup. It is highly preferred according to the invention that the viscosity build should be no greater than about 75% and should preferably be no greater than about 50%. Agitation of the slurry should return it to near the initial viscosity.
  • the present invention would provide an aqueous latex system containing about 15 to 35 wt.% of latex, and about 30 to 70 wt.% of bauxite filler/flame retardant having the characteristics recited above.
  • the preferred formulation would contain about 0.01 to about 2 wt.% of dispersant, about .01 to 2 wt.% of wetting agent, about 0.01 to about 2.0 wt.% of a froth aid and/or surfactant, and about 0.01 to about 5.0 wt.% of thickener.
  • a carpet backing formulation involving filler combinations, is used to test the use of bauxite combined with other fillers in latex carpet backing.
  • Calcium carbonate (whiting) is one of the most widely used fillers, either alone or in combination with other fillers such as ATH.
  • ATH and whiting compose approximately 64.6% of the formulation (ATH to whiting ratio of 2.5 to 1.5), with latex being the other major component. Water, froth aids, and thickener make up the remainder.
  • Table 1 below gives results of tests using ground bauxite to replace the ATH in the formulation.
  • Bauxite for this example was pulverized in a roller mill to give a ground material with an average particle diameter of approximately 10.4 micrometers, with 0.5 to 2.5% greater than 250 micrometers and approximately 39% fines (smaller than 3 micrometers). These particle size measurements were made with a Horiba LA-910 Laser Particle Size Analyzer.
  • the pH of the bauxite measured 5.2 in a 20% suspension of bauxite in water at 22°C. The filler must wet-out and disperse well in the latex and water.
  • the formulation After stirring in the froth aid and thickener, the formulation must achieve an accepted viscosity of 11 ,000 to 12,000 centipoise. The build in viscosity over several days (usually 1 to 5 days) must be limited to allow for the mixture to be pumped from storage tanks to feed tanks or directly to the froth heads for application as the carpet backing. Frothing the mixture and performing spinout tests should show that the filler has little tendency to separate from the latex.
  • Table 1 compares results of substituting bauxite for ATH in the carpet backing formulation with subsequent changes in latex, dispersants, and froth aids.
  • SC PolyA short chain (c-H) polyacrylate
  • Comb Pkg combination package of dispersants (including a short chain polyacrylate
  • Latex samples for these tests were provided by Reichhold, short chain polyacrylate dispersants by GEO, lauryl sulfate froth aids and thickener by ParaChem, and combination package dispersants and non-lauryl sulfate froth aids by Chem-Tex.
  • the latex used in this example are modifications of a styrene-butadiene polymer.
  • the first attempt to change the latex to a more compatible one gave even higher viscosity build in 24 hours.
  • this latex was adjusted using trade secret additives, the viscosity build improved somewhat, and changing the dispersant to a combination package including a short chain polyacrylate and trade secret dispersants, and changing to an anionic surfactant froth aid which does not contain lauryl sulfate improved the viscosity build even more.
  • This example is concerned with incorporation of bauxites as flame retardants into carpet backings.
  • a commercial carpet backing formulation is used to test the use of bauxite as a filler in a latex carpet backing.
  • This formulation is a urethane precoat which conventionally uses ATH (alumina trihydrate) as the filler.
  • ATH alumina trihydrate
  • the ATH comprises approximately 66.7% by weight of the wet backing, with the remainder composed mainly of latex and water with small amounts of wetting agent, dispersant, froth aids, and thickener.
  • the filler must wet-out and disperse well in the latex mix (latex, water, wetting agent, and dispersant).
  • the formulation After stirring in froth aids and thickener, the formulation must achieve an accepted viscosity of 12,000 to 13,000 centipoise. The build in viscosity must be limited and allow for the mixture to be pumped from holding vessels to feed tanks. Frothing the mixture and performing spinout tests should show that the filler has little tendency to separate from the latex.
  • the bauxite was prepared as in Example 1.
  • the bauxite was pulverized in a roller mill to give an average particle diameter of approximately 10.4 micrometers, with 0.5 to 2.5% greater than 250 micrometers and approximately 39% fines (smaller than 3 micrometers). These particle size measurements were made with a Horiba LA-910 Laser Particle Size Analyzer.
  • the pH of the bauxite measured 5.2 in a 20% suspension of bauxite in water at 22°C.
  • Table 2 compares results of sustituting bauxite for ATH in the carpet backing formulation with subsequent changes in latex, dispersants, and froth aids.
  • Table 2 ATH URETHANE PRECOAT
  • Latex samples for these tests were provided by Reichhold, short chain polyacrylate dispersants by GEO, lauryl sulfate and sulfosuccinimate froth aids and thickener by ParaChem, and combination package dispersants and non-lauryl sulfate froth aids by Chem-Tex.
  • ATH wets out and disperses well and shows very little build in viscosity over 24 hours with varying latex (modified styrene butadiene polymers) and dispersants.
  • latex modified styrene butadiene polymers
  • dispersants When ground bauxite is substituted for ATH, it does not wet-out or disperse well and induces a very high viscosity that makes it unfit for filler.
  • Substituting a short-chain polyacrylate dispersant for the long-chain polyacrylate type, normally used only improves the wet-out slightly. However, once the bauxite is wetted, it disperses much better and gives very little filler separation during spinout. Nevertheless, the viscosity build in 24 hours is much greater than desired.
  • This example teaches the use of mechanical stirring to slow viscosity build in bauxite-filled, compounded latex slurries to be used in carpet backings.
  • the same commercial carpet backing formulation as that in example 2 is used to test the use of bauxite as a filler in a latex carpet backing.
  • a short chain polyacrylate dispersant is used but the adjusted latex is not used.
  • Lauryl sulfate and sulfosuccinimate containing froth aids are used so viscosity build is expected with bauxite as a filler.
  • the formulation After stirring in froth aids and thickener, the formulation must achieve an accepted, initial viscosity of 12,000 to 13,000 centipoise. The build in viscosity must be limited and allow for the mixture to be pumped from holding vessels to feed tanks.
  • the bauxite was roller mill pulverized as in Example 1.
  • Table 3 compares viscosity build between quiescent (unstirred), continuously stirred, and intermittently stirred, compounded, bauxite-filled latex slurry for carpet backing.
  • bauxite can be used to replace ATH in carpet backing polymer formulations.
  • the bauxite must be adequately pulverized and it may contain considerably more fines than previous literature/patents claim.
  • the bauxite may also be of lower pH than previously claimed.
  • Use of wetting agents, chelating agents, and short chain polyacrylate dispersants and blends of such wetting agents and dispersants are advantageous along with anionic surfactant froth aids which do not contain lauryl sulfates or sulfosuccinimates.
  • This combination of latex and additives allow the bauxite to be adequately dispersed in the formulation and keep the viscosity build at a manageable level. If the viscosity build with a particular formulation exceeds the desired level, mechanical stirring of the mixture should reduce the viscosity and intermittent stirring will maintain a lower viscosity for several days.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Les bauxites naturelles sont utiles comme retardateurs de flamme, et peuvent être incorporées dans des dossiers polymères de revêtement de sol, lorsqu'elles sont moulues ou pulvérisées afin d'obtenir une distribution de particules généralement uniforme, de taille essentiellement inférieure à 250 micromètres, et contenant jusqu'à 45 % en poids de fines (de taille inférieure à 3), puis utilisées en combinaison avec un agent de mouillage approprié, un dispersant, un auxiliaire de moussage, du latex, et un emballage d'épaississant afin d'imprégner complètement les particules, de les disperser, et de fournir un contrôle adéquate du renforcement de la viscosité. La bauxite doit de préférence présenter une teneur en gibbsite élevée et une plage de pH comprise 4,5 et 8. Afin de faciliter le contrôle de la viscosité, on peut effectuer un mélange mécanique. L'abaissement du pourcentage de solides spécifiés dans la formulation par adjonction de petites quantités d'eau permet, même pour une bauxite moulue très fine (jusqu'à 55 % en poids de fines), son utilisation comme charge pour des dossiers de revêtement de sol.
PCT/US2000/004051 1999-02-18 2000-02-18 Charge de bauxite pour dossier de revetement de sol Ceased WO2000049075A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU29996/00A AU2999600A (en) 1999-02-18 2000-02-18 Bauxite filler for carpet backings

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US12075099P 1999-02-18 1999-02-18
US60/120,750 1999-02-18
US09/408,610 1999-09-30
US09/408,610 US6162855A (en) 1999-02-18 1999-09-30 Bauxite filler for carpet backings

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WO2000049075A1 true WO2000049075A1 (fr) 2000-08-24

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WO2008052122A1 (fr) 2006-10-25 2008-05-02 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Dispersions, écumes et mousses de polyoléfines
WO2008094605A1 (fr) * 2007-01-31 2008-08-07 Dow Global Technologies, Inc. Composition de support de tapis
AU2011218609B2 (en) * 2006-10-25 2013-10-31 Dow Global Technologies Llc Polyolefin dispersions, froths, and foams
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US4622070A (en) * 1983-11-16 1986-11-11 Nichias Corporation Fibrous composite material for fused aluminum
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