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WO2000041399A1 - Dispositif et procede de detection d'une image tridimensionnelle, dispositif et procede d'affichage d'une image tridimensionnelle, et dispositif et procede permettant de changer la position d'une image tridimensionnelle - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de detection d'une image tridimensionnelle, dispositif et procede d'affichage d'une image tridimensionnelle, et dispositif et procede permettant de changer la position d'une image tridimensionnelle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000041399A1
WO2000041399A1 PCT/JP1999/007147 JP9907147W WO0041399A1 WO 2000041399 A1 WO2000041399 A1 WO 2000041399A1 JP 9907147 W JP9907147 W JP 9907147W WO 0041399 A1 WO0041399 A1 WO 0041399A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dimensional image
photographing
image information
resolution
directions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP1999/007147
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hideyoshi Horimai
Masaharu Kinoshita
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP00142199A external-priority patent/JP4233660B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP00141999A external-priority patent/JP4484261B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP00142099A external-priority patent/JP4217322B2/ja
Priority to KR1020017008520A priority Critical patent/KR20010093245A/ko
Priority to HK02104303.2A priority patent/HK1042619A1/zh
Priority to EP99959916A priority patent/EP1150518B1/fr
Priority to DE69940442T priority patent/DE69940442D1/de
Priority to US09/868,598 priority patent/US6970187B1/en
Priority to CA002356001A priority patent/CA2356001A1/fr
Priority to EA200100622A priority patent/EA003495B1/ru
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU16900/00A priority patent/AU759891B2/en
Publication of WO2000041399A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000041399A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US11/183,810 priority patent/US7327389B2/en
Priority to US11/855,128 priority patent/US8068131B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/02—Stereoscopic photography by sequential recording
    • G03B35/06—Stereoscopic photography by sequential recording with axial movement of lens or gate between exposures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/02—Stereoscopic photography by sequential recording
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
    • G02B30/25—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using polarisation techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/16—Stereoscopic photography by sequential viewing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
    • H04N13/207—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using a single 2D image sensor
    • H04N13/211—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using a single 2D image sensor using temporal multiplexing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional image capturing device and method, a three-dimensional image display device and method, and a three-dimensional image display position converting device and method.
  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional image capturing apparatus and method for obtaining image information necessary for displaying a three-dimensional image (stereoscopic image) of an object in space, and a plurality of two-dimensional images of the same object having different observation directions.
  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional image display device and method for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object in space by projecting information in directions corresponding to observation directions. Further, the present invention is used in a system for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object in space by projecting a plurality of two-dimensional image information of the same object having different observation directions in directions corresponding to the observation directions, respectively.
  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional image display position conversion apparatus and method for converting the position of a three-dimensional image of an object displayed on a screen. Background art
  • IP Integral Photography
  • the IP method was proposed by Lippman. First, a photographic dry plate was placed on the focal plane of a lens plate called a fly-eye lens consisting of many small convex lens groups. After recording many small object images on a photographic plate by exposing the object light through a lens plate, develop this photographic plate, place it in exactly the same position as before, and irradiate light from the back. It was made.
  • the parallax method is a method in which strip images are separated and observed through a vertical lattice-shaped aperture arranged in front of strip images corresponding to the left and right eyes.
  • the three-dimensional pure device described above is inconvenient for viewers because special glasses must be worn, and because it is an unnatural image, it is tired and is not suitable for long-time viewing.
  • the above-described three-dimensional display technology based on holography technology requires coherent light such as a laser, so that the size of the apparatus is large and the manufacturing cost is high. Also, the image quality due to the speckle interference pattern unique to the laser is required. Degradation also occurs.
  • holographic technology uses holography created in advance on a photographic plate to perform stereoscopic display, so it is suitable for still images, but not for 3D display of moving images. This is the same in the above-mentioned IP method, and is not suitable for moving images since a step of recording a large number of small object images on a photographic plate in advance is required.
  • the parallax method that does not require special glasses only performs pseudo three-dimensional display using the parallax of the left and right eyes, and does not enable true three-dimensional display. Absent. For this reason, although the stereoscopic effect in the horizontal direction of the screen can be displayed, the stereoscopic effect in the vertical direction cannot be expressed, and for example, it was not possible to lie down and see. Also, because of the parallax technology, even if the viewpoint was changed, the same image would only be seen with a three-dimensional effect (depth effect), and the side of the object could not be seen even if the head was swung right and left.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and a first object of the present invention is to obtain image information necessary for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object in space with a simple configuration and It is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional image photographing apparatus and method and a three-dimensional image display apparatus and method capable of realizing stereoscopic moving image display with a simple configuration.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a system for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object in a space, wherein the position of the three-dimensional image of the object displayed in the space can be converted. And a method.
  • a first three-dimensional image photographing device of the present invention is a three-dimensional image photographing device for obtaining image information necessary for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object in space, And a photographing direction control means for sequentially changing the photographing direction of the photographing means.
  • two-dimensional image information of the object is generated by photographing the object by one photographing means, and the photographing direction is sequentially changed by the photographing direction control means.
  • the photographing direction control means includes, for example, a deflecting means disposed between the object and the photographing means for selecting a direction of incident light and deflecting the light. It may have a driving means for moving the photographing means, or may have a driving means for moving a part of the optical system disposed between the object and the photographing means.
  • the photographing direction control means may set the same photographing direction for all the pixels of the two-dimensional image information and sequentially change the photographing direction. If you set a different shooting direction for each pixel of the image information In both cases, the imaging direction for each pixel may be sequentially changed.
  • a first three-dimensional image capturing method of the present invention is a three-dimensional image capturing method for obtaining image information necessary for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object in a space, wherein the object is captured by a single capturing means. It includes a shooting procedure for shooting and generating two-dimensional image information of the object, and a shooting direction control procedure for sequentially changing the shooting direction in the shooting procedure.
  • this three-dimensional image capturing method two-dimensional image information of the object is generated by capturing the object by one capturing means in the capturing procedure, and the capturing direction in the capturing procedure is sequentially changed in the capturing direction control procedure. Let me do.
  • the photographing direction control procedure includes, for example, selecting a direction of incident light and deflecting the light between the object and the photographing means.
  • the direction may be changed, the imaging direction may be changed by moving the imaging means, or a part of the optical system disposed between the object and the imaging means may be moved. May change the shooting direction.
  • the photographing direction control procedure may include, for example, setting the same photographing direction for all the pixels of the two-dimensional image information and changing the photographing direction sequentially.
  • a different imaging direction may be set for each pixel of the two-dimensional image information, and the imaging direction for each pixel may be sequentially changed.
  • a second three-dimensional image photographing apparatus is a three-dimensional image photographing apparatus for obtaining image information necessary for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object in a space.
  • For each settable shooting direction obtain two-dimensional image information with a resolution lower than the resolution of the shooting means, and generate low-resolution two-dimensional image information while changing the pixels assigned to each shooting direction.
  • a photographing control means for obtaining two-dimensional image information having the same resolution as that of the photographing means for each of the settable photographing directions by repeatedly executing the processing.
  • two-dimensional image information of the object is generated by the photographing means.
  • the photographing direction setting means is controlled by the photographing control means, and each of the settable photographing directions is lower than the resolution of the photographing means.
  • the process of generating low-resolution two-dimensional image information is repeatedly performed while changing the pixel to which each imaging direction is assigned, while obtaining the two-dimensional image information of the resolution. Two-dimensional image information with the same resolution as that of the imaging means can be obtained.
  • the photographing control means divides, for example, a region of the two-dimensional image into a plurality of small regions each including A pixels (A is an integer of 2 or more), All settable shooting directions are set for each pixel in the small area, and low-resolution two-dimensional image information whose resolution is 1 / A of the resolution of the shooting means is obtained.
  • the process of generating low-resolution 2D image information is repeated A times while changing the pixels to which each imaging direction is assigned within a small area, to obtain 2D image information having the same resolution as that of the imaging means.
  • the photographing control means repeatedly divides all settable photographing directions into A photographing directions and obtains low-resolution two-dimensional image information for the A photographing directions. By executing, two-dimensional image information with low resolution is obtained for all settable shooting directions.
  • the photographing direction setting means includes, for example, a deflecting means disposed between the object and the photographing means, for selecting a direction of incident light and deflecting the light. May be provided.
  • a second three-dimensional image photographing method includes: photographing means for photographing an object to generate two-dimensional image information of the object; and a photographing direction different for each pixel of the two-dimensional image information with respect to the photographing means.
  • a three-dimensional image capturing method for obtaining image information necessary for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object in space by using a capturing direction setting unit capable of setting a capturing direction. The first procedure for obtaining two-dimensional image information with a lower resolution than the resolution of the photographing means for all settable photographing directions, and the first procedure is repeated while changing the pixels assigned to each photographing direction. And a second procedure for obtaining two-dimensional image information having the same resolution as the resolution of the photographing means for all settable photographing directions.
  • the photographing direction setting means is controlled, and for each of the photographing directions that can be set, the resolution is set to be smaller than the resolution of the photographing means. 2D image information with low resolution can be obtained.
  • the first procedure is repeatedly performed while changing the pixels to which each imaging direction is assigned, and for each of the imaging directions that can be set, the resolution is the same as the resolution of the imaging means. Dimensional image information is obtained.
  • the first step is to divide a region of a two-dimensional image into a plurality of small regions each including A pixels (A is an integer of 2 or more). Then, all settable shooting directions are set for each pixel in the small area, and low-resolution 2D image information whose resolution is 1 / A of the resolution of the shooting means is obtained.
  • the first procedure is repeated A times while changing the pixels to which each imaging direction is assigned within a small area, to obtain two-dimensional image information having the same resolution as that of the imaging means.
  • the first procedure involves, for example, dividing all settable shooting directions into A shooting directions, and obtaining low-resolution 2D image information for the A shooting directions. By repeating this process, low-resolution 2D image information is obtained for all settable shooting directions.
  • the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention displays a three-dimensional image of an object in space by projecting a plurality of two-dimensional image information of the same object having different observation directions in directions corresponding to the observation directions.
  • An image display device comprising: projection means for projecting two-dimensional image information of an object; projection direction setting means capable of setting a different projection direction for each pixel of the two-dimensional image information; By controlling the setting means, for each of the settable projection directions, two-dimensional image information with a resolution lower than the resolution of the projection means is projected, and a low-resolution three-dimensional image is displayed and each projection is performed.
  • a display controller that repeatedly executes the process of projecting low-resolution 2D image information while changing the pixels to which directions are assigned to display a 3D image with the same resolution as that of the projection unit. It is those with a door.
  • two-dimensional image information of the object is projected by the projection means.
  • the display control means controls the projection direction setting means, and in each of the settable projection directions, two-dimensional image information having a resolution lower than the resolution of the projection means is projected, and a three-dimensional image having a low resolution is projected. Images are displayed and low-resolution 2D image information is projected while changing the pixels assigned to each projection direction By repeating the process, a 3D image with the same resolution as the projection means is displayed.
  • the display control means can divide the area of the two-dimensional image into a plurality of small areas each including A pixels (A is an integer of 2 or more) and can set the area. All the projection directions are set for one pixel in the small area, and low-resolution two-dimensional image information whose resolution is 1 / A of the resolution of the projection means is projected. In addition to displaying a three-dimensional image with high resolution, the process of projecting low-resolution two-dimensional image information is repeated A times while changing the pixel to which each projection direction is assigned within a small area, and the resolution of the projection means and Display 3D images of the same resolution.
  • the display control means divides all settable projection directions into A projection directions, and repeatedly executes processing for projecting low-resolution two-dimensional image information for A projection directions. By doing so, low-resolution 2D image information is projected for all settable projection directions.
  • the projection direction setting means may include, for example, a deflecting means for selecting a direction of the emitted light and deflecting the light.
  • the three-dimensional image display method of the present invention includes: a projection unit that projects two-dimensional image information of an object; and a projection direction setting unit that can set a different projection direction for each pixel of the two-dimensional image information with respect to the projection unit.
  • Procedure and a second procedure of repeatedly executing the first procedure while changing the pixels assigned to each projection direction to display a three-dimensional image having the same resolution as that of the projection means. .
  • the projection direction setting means is controlled, and two-dimensional image information having a resolution lower than the resolution of the projection means is projected for all settable projection directions.
  • a low resolution 3D image is displayed.
  • Step 1 while changing the pixels to which each projection direction is assigned, Step 1 is repeated, and a 3D image with the same resolution as the projection means is displayed.
  • the first step is to divide a region of the two-dimensional image into a plurality of small regions each including A pixels (A is an integer of 2 or more) and can set the region. All the projection directions are set for one pixel in the small area, and low-resolution two-dimensional image information whose resolution is 1 / A of the resolution of the projection means is projected.
  • the second step is to display a three-dimensional image with high resolution, and repeat the process of projecting low-resolution two-dimensional image information A times while changing the pixels to which each projection direction is assigned within a small area. Displays a 3D image with the same resolution as the resolution of the means.
  • the first procedure is, for example, a process of dividing all settable projection directions into A projection directions and projecting low-resolution two-dimensional image information for the A projection directions. By repeatedly executing, low-resolution 2D image information is projected for all settable projection directions.
  • the three-dimensional image display position conversion device of the present invention projects a plurality of two-dimensional image information items in the same object in different observation directions in directions corresponding to the observation directions, thereby forming a three-dimensional image of the object in space.
  • the moving amount calculating means calculates the moving amount in the in-plane direction of the position of the two-dimensional image information necessary to move the position of the three-dimensional image by the moving amount based on And a position changing means for changing the position of the two-dimensional image information by the moving amount.
  • the movement amount calculating means moves the position of the three-dimensional image by the movement amount based on the information on the movement amount of the position of the three-dimensional image and the observation direction or the projection direction.
  • the amount of movement in the in-plane direction of the position of the two-dimensional image information required for this is obtained, and the position of the two-dimensional image information is changed by the position changing means by the amount of movement obtained by the movement amount calculating means.
  • the position changing means includes, for example, a storage means for storing two-dimensional image information, a write address for writing information to the storage means, and a method for reading information from the storage means.
  • Address control means for changing the position of the two-dimensional image information by controlling the read address of the image data.
  • the three-dimensional image display position conversion device of the present invention is directed to a three-dimensional image capturing device that captures the same object from a plurality of viewing directions and generates a plurality of two-dimensional image information of the same object having different viewing directions.
  • 3D image that displays a 3D image of the object in space by projecting multiple 2D image information of the same object with different observation directions in the directions corresponding to the observation direction. It may be provided in a display device.
  • the three-dimensional image display position conversion method of the present invention is a method for projecting a plurality of two-dimensional image information items in the same object in different observation directions in directions corresponding to the observation directions, thereby forming a three-dimensional image of the object in space.
  • the movement amount calculation procedure for calculating the movement amount in the in-plane direction of the position of the two-dimensional image information required to move the position of the three-dimensional image by the movement amount
  • the movement amount calculation procedure And a position changing procedure for changing the position of the two-dimensional image information by the moving amount.
  • the position of the 3D image is moved by the moving amount based on the information of the moving amount of the position of the 3D image and the observation direction or the projection direction.
  • the amount of movement in the in-plane direction of the position of the two-dimensional image information required for the calculation is obtained, and in the position change procedure, the position of the two-dimensional image information is changed by the movement amount obtained by the movement amount calculation procedure.
  • a value proportional to b represented by X tan 0 i is defined as a movement amount of the position of the two-dimensional image information.
  • the position change procedure includes, for example, The position of the two-dimensional image information is changed by controlling a write address when writing information to the storage unit that stores the two-dimensional image information and a read address when reading information from the storage unit.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the three-dimensional image display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a positional relationship between the three-dimensional image photographing device and the three-dimensional image display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a positional relationship between the three-dimensional image photographing device and the three-dimensional image display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the correspondence between the angle of the incident light selected by the deflection plate in FIG. 5 and the image captured by the CCD.
  • FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a liquid crystal element used for the deflection plate in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of the deflection plate in FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the deflection plate shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the deflection plate shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a three-dimensional image display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the correspondence between the two-dimensional image formed by the LCD in FIG. 11 and the angle of the light emitted from the deflecting plate.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing the condenser lens, the deflecting plate, and the diffusion plate in FIG.
  • FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the deflecting plate in FIG.
  • FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the deflecting plate in FIG.
  • FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram for describing the principle of the display position conversion process according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the display position conversion circuit in FIGS. 5 and 11.
  • FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a method of capturing a three-dimensional image according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a method of displaying a three-dimensional image in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional image display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a three-dimensional image display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional image display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the three-dimensional image display device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an optical member for changing a shooting direction and a projection direction of a two-dimensional image in a modified example of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 29 shows a method of capturing a two-dimensional image in a modification of the third embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other example of the optical member for changing a direction and a projection direction.
  • FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram showing a format representing a photographing direction and a projection direction for each pixel in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram showing a format representing a shooting direction and a projection direction for each pixel according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram showing a format representing a photographing direction and a projection direction for each pixel according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 33 is an explanatory diagram showing a format representing a photographing direction and a projection direction for each pixel in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 34 is an explanatory diagram showing a format representing a photographing direction and a projection direction for each pixel in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram showing a format representing a photographing direction and a projection direction for each pixel according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 36 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the video conference system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a deflecting plate 11 that can select a direction of incident light and a direction of outgoing light within a predetermined angle range, and one of the deflecting plates 11. And a pinhole member 13, a condenser lens 14, and a CCD arranged in this order on the opposite side of the deflecting plate 11 in the condenser lens 12. (Charge-coupled device) 15. Pinhole The member 13 has a pinhole through which light passes.
  • the surface of the deflecting plate 11 opposite to the condenser lens 12 is directed to the object 10 as the photographing target.
  • the deflecting plate 11 corresponds to the photographing direction control means in the present invention.
  • the condensing lens 12 condenses the light so that the outgoing light has the smallest diameter at the position of the pinhole of the pinhole member 13 when parallel light is incident perpendicularly from the deflection plate 11 side. It has become.
  • a Fresnel lens is used as the light collecting lens 12.
  • the condenser lens 14 condenses light diffused through the pinhole and forms an image of the object 10 on the imaging surface of the CCD 15.
  • the condenser lens 12, the pinhole member 13, the condenser lens 14, and the CCD 15 correspond to the photographing means in the present invention.
  • the deflection plate 11 selectively passes only the light at a predetermined angle to the surface of the deflecting plate 11 out of the incident light, and the parallel light perpendicular to the surface of the deflecting plate 11. And emitted.
  • the condenser lens 12 collects the parallel light from the deflecting plate 11. This light passes through the pinhole of the pinhole member 13, is collected by the light collecting lens 14, and is incident on the CCD 15.
  • a two-dimensional image of the object 10 viewed from a predetermined direction is formed on the imaging surface of the CCD 15.
  • photographing is performed assuming that the observation point 16 is located at a position facing the object 10 with the polarizing plate 11 and the condenser lens 12 interposed therebetween.
  • the angle of the incident light selected in the deflection plate 11 is sequentially changed with time.
  • the object 10 is photographed by one photographing means (such as the CCD 15), and the two-dimensional image information of the object 10 is generated.
  • the shooting direction is sequentially changed. Therefore, the image information output from the CCD 15 becomes a plurality of two-dimensional image information whose shooting direction changes with time, which is necessary for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object in space. .
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of the three-dimensional image display device in the present embodiment.
  • the three-dimensional image display device according to the present embodiment is a transmissive liquid crystal display element (hereinafter, referred to as LCD) as a spatial light modulator that spatially modulates passing light based on two-dimensional image information. 1 and are arranged in this order on the light emission side of the LCD 21. It includes a condenser lens 22, a pinhole member 23, a condenser lens 24, and a deflecting plate 25.
  • the pinhole member 23 has a pinhole through which light passes.
  • the condenser lens 22 condenses the light emitted from the LCD 21 so as to have the smallest diameter at the position of the pinhole of the pinhole member 23.
  • the condenser lens 24 converts the light passing through the pinhole into parallel light.
  • a Fresnel lens is used for the condenser lens 24.
  • the deflecting plate 25 emits the light from the condenser lens 24 as parallel light at a predetermined angle with respect to the surface of the deflecting plate 25.
  • the LCD 21, the condenser lens 22, the pinhole member 23, the condenser lens 24 and the deflecting plate 25 correspond to the projection means in the present invention.
  • the deflection plate 25 corresponds to the projection direction setting means in the present invention.
  • LCD 21 spatially modulates light based on the two-dimensional image information obtained by the three-dimensional image capturing device shown in FIG.
  • the light modulated by the LCD 21 is collected by the condenser lens 22, passes through the pinhole of the pinhole member 23, is converted into parallel light by the condenser lens 24, and is deflected by the polarizing plate 25.
  • the deflecting plate 25 emits the light from the condenser lens 24 as parallel light that forms a predetermined angle with the surface of the deflecting plate 25.
  • the angle of the light emitted from the deflecting plate 25 is sequentially changed with time so as to coincide with the angle of the light incident on the deflecting plate 11 during imaging.
  • the three-dimensional image display device shown in FIG. 2 As described above, in the three-dimensional image display device shown in FIG. 2, light is emitted by the LCD 21 based on the two-dimensional image information obtained by the three-dimensional image capturing device shown in FIG. Is modulated, and a two-dimensional image is reproduced.
  • This two-dimensional image is emitted from the deflecting plate 25 at an angle that matches the angle of the incident light on the deflecting plate 11 during imaging.
  • a three-dimensional image (stereoscopic image) 20 of the object 10 is formed in the space.
  • An observer 26 located on the light emission side of the deflecting plate 25 can observe the three-dimensional image 20.
  • the two-dimensional image information given to the LCD 21 is two-dimensional image information obtained by inverting the two-dimensional image information obtained by the three-dimensional image capturing device shown in FIG. .
  • the 2D image information obtained by the 3D image capturing device shown in Fig. 1 is used. What is necessary is just to give two-dimensional image information which is inverted to the left.
  • This diffusion plate is configured by, for example, vertically arranging a large number of small lens-shaped lenses extending in the horizontal direction.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an optical system when the optical system of the three-dimensional image display device shown in FIG. 2 is superimposed on the optical system of the three-dimensional image photographing device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an optical system when the optical system of the three-dimensional image photographing device shown in FIG. 1 is superimposed on the optical system of the three-dimensional image display device shown in FIG. .
  • a virtual half mirror 27 is arranged between the converging lens 12 and the pinhole member 13.
  • the half-mirror 27 is arranged such that the normal to the reflection surface is at 45 degrees to the optical axis of the optical system of the three-dimensional image capturing device.
  • the pinhole member 23, the condenser lens 22, and the LCD 21 of the three-dimensional image display device are arranged in a direction in which the light from the condenser lens 12 is reflected by the half mirror 27 and travels. ing.
  • an image of the object 10 is formed on the CCD 15.
  • the image formed on the LCD 21 is an image formed on the CCD 15. This is an image that is inverted in the left-right direction with respect to At the time of display, the LCD 21 is driven so that this inverted image is formed.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the three-dimensional image photographing apparatus includes a CCD driving circuit 31 for driving the CCD 15 and a signal processing for processing an output signal of the CCD 15 and outputting an image signal.
  • the circuit 32 and the output signal of the signal processing circuit 32 are input, and the display position conversion circuit 33 and the display position conversion circuit 33 perform a display position conversion process described later as necessary.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing apparatus further includes a deflecting plate driving circuit 36 for driving the deflecting plate 11, and a spatial and temporal pattern of the angle of the incident light to be selected for the deflecting plate driving circuit 36.
  • An angle pattern generation circuit 37 for giving information and an evening control circuit 38 for controlling the operation timing of each circuit are provided.
  • the CCD 15 may be for monochrome images, or may be for blank images.
  • the CCD 15 for color images may be, for example, a single-plate color filter system having R, G, and B color filters, or a color that separates incident light into R, G, and B colors. It may be a three-plate type including separating means and three monochrome CCDs for receiving the separated lights.
  • the deflecting plate drive circuit 36 drives the deflecting plate 11 so that the angle of the incident light selected by the deflecting plate 11 changes sequentially at a constant cycle.
  • the angle of the incident light selected by the deflecting plate 11 changes from 01 to 060 at intervals of ⁇ . Is, for example, once.
  • the CCD drive circuit 31 is synchronized with the drive of the deflection plate 11 by the deflection plate drive circuit 36 so that one two-dimensional image information can be obtained for each angle of the incident light selected by the deflection plate 11.
  • the output signal of the CCD 15 is processed by the signal processing circuit 32 to be an image signal.
  • This image signal is subjected to display position conversion processing by a display position conversion circuit 33 as necessary, and is sent to an output circuit 35. Then, a video signal is output from the output circuit 35.
  • the configuration and operation of the display position conversion circuit 33 will be described later in detail.
  • FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the correspondence between the angle of the incident light selected by the deflecting plate 11 and the image captured by the CCD 15.
  • one two-dimensional image captured for each angle 0 i is referred to as an image for one field. Therefore, from angle 01 By scanning the angle of incident light up to ⁇ 60, a two-dimensional image for 60 fields can be obtained.
  • a set of two-dimensional images obtained by scanning at angles 01 to 060 is referred to as an image for 60 spatial fields.
  • One three-dimensional still image is formed from 60 spatial field images. Therefore, the 60 spatial fields from angles 01 to 060 are called one spatial frame. Further, it is assumed that the image capture at each angle from ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 60 is performed at timings t1 to t60, respectively.
  • the capture of the images in the 60 spatial fields from angles 01 to 060 is completed, the capture of the images in the 60 spatial fields from angles 01 to 060 is further performed at the next timing t61 to tl20. Done.
  • the acquisition of images for 60 spatial fields is repeated in the same manner. By performing this repetition 60 times, images for a total of 360 fields can be obtained.
  • an image corresponding to 60 fields has been obtained at timings t i to t U + 60 X 59).
  • a two-dimensional image obtained at timings t i to t ( ⁇ + 60 ⁇ 59) at each angle 0 i is referred to as an image for a 60-time field.
  • the cycle of the angle change of the incident light and The image capture period ⁇ t is 1 Z 3600 seconds, and an image of 3600 fields can be obtained in 1 second.
  • FIG. 7 shows a configuration of a liquid crystal element used for the deflection plate 11.
  • the liquid crystal element 40 is configured using an element called a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) or a polymer / liquid crystal composite (Liquid Crystal Polymer Composite).
  • PDLC polymer dispersed liquid crystal
  • Liquid Crystal Polymer Composite Liquid Crystal Polymer Composite
  • the liquid crystal element 40 has needle-like liquid crystal molecules 42 of several microns or less in the polymer material 41.
  • the polymer and liquid crystal composite layer 43 formed by dispersion and the incident surface and the emission surface of the polymer and liquid crystal composite layer 43 face each other with the polymer and liquid crystal composite layer 43 interposed therebetween and are orthogonal to the paper surface.
  • micro-stripe electrodes 44 and 45 formed so as to extend in the direction in which they run.
  • the stripe electrodes 44 and 45 may be arranged so that the directions of the stripes (longitudinal directions of the electrodes) are parallel to each other as described above.
  • a so-called simple matrix arrangement may be used.
  • an active matrix arrangement using a TFT (thin film transistor) or the like may be adopted. In these cases, it is possible to control the deflection direction in two directions.
  • the stripe electrodes 44 and 45 are formed of a transparent conductive film such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), for example, and extend in a direction (vertical direction) orthogonal to the plane of the drawing.
  • a predetermined voltage is selectively applied between the stripe electrodes 44 and the stripe electrodes 45.
  • ⁇ represents an area for one pixel.
  • the pitch of the arrangement of the strip electrodes 44, 45 is made as small as possible to the extent that 60 angles 01 to 060 can be realized.
  • the optical axis (major axis) of the liquid crystal in the polymer material 41 is oriented in a random direction. In this state, the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 42 and the refractive index of the polymer material 41 do not match, and due to the light scattering effect at the interface between the liquid crystal molecules 42 and the high molecular material 41, the high refractive index is obtained.
  • the entire molecule / liquid crystal composite layer 43 exhibits an opaque white state.
  • the direction of the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules 42 is aligned with the direction of the electric field within the range of the sandwiched electric field generated by the voltage.
  • the apparent refractive index of the liquid crystal molecule 42 is a value ⁇ ⁇ corresponding to the ordinary light of the liquid crystal molecule 42. For this reason, if the polymer material 41 has a refractive index substantially equal to ⁇ , the difference in the refractive index at the interface between the liquid crystal molecules 42 and the polymer material 41 disappears, and in the direction of the electric field, The light scattering effect is weakened, and the polymer / liquid crystal composite layer 43 becomes transparent. That is, light passes only in the direction of the electric field.
  • the thickness of the polymer / liquid crystal composite layer 43 be L, and let the pitch of the arrangement of the stripe electrodes 44, 45 be p. In this case, it passes through the polymer / liquid crystal composite layer 43
  • the angle between the direction of light and the normal to the surface of the polymer / liquid crystal composite layer 43 is represented by ⁇ i, and the amount of horizontal displacement between the striped electrodes 4 4 and 45 at that time is represented by the number of pitches.
  • ni be the value
  • di di be the value of the horizontal displacement between the striped electrodes 4 4, 4 5 expressed as distance.
  • the number n i of horizontal pitches between the stripe electrodes 44 and 45 for obtaining the predetermined angle ⁇ 5 i is expressed by the following equation (1).
  • 1 1, 2, ⁇ , 60.
  • n i L X t a n ⁇ 5 i / p (1)
  • FIG. 8 shows a configuration of the deflecting plate 11 using the above-described liquid crystal element 40.
  • the deflection plate 11 in the three-dimensional image photographing apparatus one having a structure in which two liquid crystal elements 40 are superposed is used.
  • the liquid crystal element 40 on the incident side of the deflection plate 11 is represented by reference numeral 40A
  • the liquid crystal element 40 on the exit side is represented by reference numeral 40B.
  • illustration of the strip electrodes 44 and 45 is omitted.
  • the interface between the liquid crystal elements 40A and 40B is a light scattering surface.
  • the driving of the deflecting plate 11 is performed as follows.
  • the application of the voltage to the drive electrodes 44 and 45 is controlled such that the angle ⁇ i of the passing light becomes the angle 01 to 060 of the selected incident light.
  • Light that has passed through the liquid crystal element 4OA is scattered by the light scattering surface between the liquid crystal elements 4OA and 40B.
  • the liquid crystal element 40B only light perpendicular to the surface of the liquid crystal element 40B among the light that has passed through the liquid crystal element 4OA and scattered by the light scattering surface passes through the liquid crystal element 40B.
  • the application of a voltage to the stripe electrodes 44 and 45 is controlled. As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, only light incident at an angle of 0 i passes through the deflecting plate 11 and is emitted perpendicular to the surface of the deflecting plate 11.
  • FIG. 9 shows the operation of the deflecting plate 11 when the angle of the incident light is 01
  • FIG. 10 shows the operation of the deflecting plate 11 when the angle of the incident light is S60.
  • the control of voltage application to the stripe electrodes 44, 45 in each of the liquid crystal elements 40A, 40B is performed by controlling the voltage between a pair of electrodes to which the voltage is applied. While maintaining the angle between the connecting straight line and the surface of the deflector 11 at 0 i, For example, the paired electrodes are sequentially shifted from left to right in the figure as shown by arrows in the figure.
  • a voltage application scan for sequentially applying a pulse voltage to each of the stripe electrodes 44 arranged on the emission surface side is performed.
  • a horizontal shift distance corresponding to the angle 0 i is maintained between the stripe electrode 45 to which the voltage on the incident surface side is applied and the stripe electrode 44 to which the voltage on the emission surface side is applied.
  • Control is performed as follows. Such an operation is performed simultaneously in each region corresponding to each pixel.
  • the voltage application scan for one angle is performed with a time period of 1 360 seconds. Therefore, the time required for voltage application scanning for all angles from the angle e1 to ⁇ 60 is 1/60 second.
  • the polymer / liquid crystal composite layer 43 can be formed, for example, by applying a solution of a polymer and a liquid crystal onto a substrate and then evaporating the solvent, or by polymerizing the monomer of the polymer material and curing the liquid crystal when the polymer is cured. It is formed by a method utilizing the effect that liquid crystal droplets are formed by precipitation from a material, but it can also be formed by other methods. For example, a structure in which nematic liquid crystal is dispersed in an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or the like and microscopic liquid crystal droplets are microencapsulated, or a structure in which a small amount of a polymer material is dispersed in a liquid crystal in a gel state.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • the liquid crystal molecules In the conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, spherical liquid crystal molecules are used. However, in applications where directivity is required, as in the present embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules have a needle-like shape as described above. Desirably. In order to form such a needle-like liquid crystal, for example, there is a method in which the liquid crystal is deposited in a uniform magnetic field and microencapsulated. In this method, needle-like liquid crystal molecules 42 are formed due to the tide effect in the direction of the magnetic field.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a three-dimensional image display device according to the present embodiment.
  • the three-dimensional image display device inputs a light source unit 50 that supplies illumination light parallel to the LCD 21 and a video signal, and generates a synchronization signal from the video signal.
  • a synchronization separation circuit 51 for separating the video signal and the synchronization signal, and outputting the signal based on the video signal output from the synchronization separation circuit 51.
  • a signal processing circuit 52 that performs processing and outputs an image signal; and a display position conversion circuit 53 that receives an output signal of the signal processing circuit 52 and performs a display position conversion process described later as necessary.
  • An operation unit 54 for giving information of the movement amount of the display position to the display position conversion circuit 53, and an LCD for driving the LCD 21 based on the output signal of the display position conversion circuit 53 And a drive circuit 55.
  • the three-dimensional image display device further includes a deflecting plate driving circuit 56 for driving the deflecting plate 25, and a spatial and temporal pattern of the angle of the incident light to be selected for the deflecting plate driving circuit 56.
  • An angle pattern generating circuit 57 for giving information and a synchronizing signal output from the synchronizing separation circuit 51 are input, and an imming control circuit 5 for controlling the operation timing of each of the above circuits in synchronization with the synchronizing signal. 8 and is provided.
  • the LCD 21 may be one that forms a monochrome image or one that forms a blank image.
  • a color image is formed, as the LCD 21, for example, a single-plate color filter system having R, G, and B color filters is used.
  • a ferroelectric liquid crystal FLC: Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal
  • a white light source and color separation such as a dichroic mirror or dichroic prism that separates light emitted from the white light source into R, G, and B colors.
  • Means three monochrome LCDs for spatially modulating each light separated by the color separation means according to the image signals of R, G, and B, and each monochrome LCD.
  • a combining means for combining and emitting the R, G, and B lights may be provided.
  • a video signal obtained by, for example, the three-dimensional image photographing device shown in FIG. 5 is input to the three-dimensional image display device.
  • the synchronization separation circuit 51 separates a synchronization signal from an input video signal and outputs a video signal and a synchronization signal.
  • the video signal is processed by the signal processing circuit 52 to be an image signal.
  • This image signal is subjected to display position conversion processing by a display position conversion circuit 53 as necessary, and is sent to the LCD drive circuit 55.
  • the LCD drive circuit 55 drives the LCD 21 based on the image signal.
  • the parallel illumination light emitted from the light source unit 50 is spatially modulated by the LCD 21. As a result, a two-dimensional image is formed.
  • the light emitted from the LCD 21 passes through the condenser lens 22, the pinhole of the pinhole member 23 and the condenser lens 24, and is incident on the deflection plate 25 as a parallel light flux.
  • the deflecting plate drive circuit 56 drives the deflecting plate 25 so that the angle of the light emitted from the deflecting plate 25 changes sequentially at a constant cycle.
  • the angle of the outgoing light from the deflecting plate 25 is controlled so as to match the angle of the incident light at the time of shooting by the three-dimensional image shooting device for each two-dimensional image formed by the LCD 21.
  • Such angle control is performed by the timing control circuit 58 based on the synchronization signal separated by the synchronization separation circuit 51.
  • FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the correspondence between the two-dimensional image formed by the LCD 21 and the angle of the light emitted from the deflecting plate 25.
  • a diffusion plate 29 for vertically diffusing light is provided on the light emission side of the deflection plate 25.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing the condenser lens 24, the deflecting plate 25, and the diffusion plate 29. As shown in this drawing, the diffusion plate 29 diffuses the light emitted from the deflection plate 25 at a predetermined angle ⁇ in the vertical direction.
  • the formation of the two-dimensional image at each angle of 01 to 060 is performed at timings t1 to t60, respectively.
  • the image corresponding to the 60 spatial fields from the angles 0 1 to 060 is completed, the image corresponding to the 60 spatial fields from the angles S 1 to 060 at the next timing t61 to t120. Is formed. In the same manner, the formation of an image for each of the 60 spatial fields is repeated. By performing this repetition 60 times, a two-dimensional image for a total of 360,000 fields is projected.
  • FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 show the configuration of the deflection plate 25.
  • the deflection plate 25 is constituted by one liquid crystal element 40.
  • the light incident surface of the deflecting plate 25 is a light scattering surface 49. Therefore, the light that has entered the deflecting plate 25 is scattered by the light scattering surface 49, and only the light in the selected direction passes through the liquid crystal element 40 and is emitted.
  • the application of the voltage to the stripe electrodes 44 and 45 of the liquid crystal element 40 is controlled so that the angle of the emitted light sequentially becomes 0 1 to 060.
  • FIG. 14 shows the operation of the deflecting plate 25 when the angle of the emitted light is 01.
  • FIG. 15 shows the operation of the deflecting plate 25 when the angle of the emitted light is 060. It shows the operation.
  • the control of the voltage application to the stripe electrodes 44 and 45 in the liquid crystal element 40 is performed by adjusting the straight line connecting the pair of electrodes to which the voltage is applied to the surface of the deflecting plate 25.
  • the pair of electrodes to which voltage is applied is sequentially shifted, for example, from the left side to the right side of the figure, as shown by the arrow in the figure, while maintaining the angle of 0 i with respect to. Done.
  • the stripe electrodes 44 arranged on the incident surface side are sequentially arranged on the emitting surface side in synchronization with the voltage application scanning of applying a pulse voltage at predetermined time intervals.
  • a voltage application scan for sequentially applying a pulse voltage to each stripe electrode 45 is performed.
  • a horizontal displacement distance corresponding to the angle 0 i is maintained between the stripe electrode 44 to which the voltage on the incident surface side is applied and the stripe electrode 45 to which the voltage on the emission surface side is applied. Is controlled. Such an operation is performed simultaneously in each area corresponding to each pixel.
  • the voltage application scan for one angle 0 i is performed in a time cycle of 1/3600 seconds. Therefore, the time required for the voltage application scan for all angles from angle 01 to angle 060 is 1 Z60 seconds.
  • FIG. 16 shows a schematic configuration of the three-dimensional image display device according to the present embodiment, similarly to FIG.
  • the 3D image displayed when the display position conversion process is not performed is represented by reference numeral 20A, and the display position is moved by a distance a in the front-rear direction with respect to the 3D image 20A.
  • the 3D image displayed when the position conversion processing is performed is represented by reference numeral 20B.
  • b is a value represented by the following equation (2).
  • a takes a negative value when the three-dimensional image approaches the observer 26, and takes a positive value when the three-dimensional image moves away from the observer 26.
  • 0 i takes a negative value when the light emitted from the deflecting plate 25 faces the left side in FIG. 16, and takes a positive value when it goes right side.
  • b takes a positive value when the position of the two-dimensional image on the deflection plate 25 moves to the right in FIG. 16, and takes a negative value when moving to the left.
  • the position of the two-dimensional image projected on the deflection plate 25 is shifted by b in accordance with the movement amount a of the display position of the three-dimensional image and the angle 01 of the light emitted from the deflection plate 25.
  • the display position of the 3D image can be moved.
  • the position of the two-dimensional image projected on the deflection plate 25 by b is a value obtained by multiplying b by a fixed ratio, that is, b It is only necessary to shift in the horizontal direction by a value proportional to.
  • stereoscopic images that have a viewing angle in the vertical direction (vertical direction) To obtain s, perform the same transformation in the vertical direction.
  • the display position conversion circuit 33 in FIG. 5 and the display position conversion circuit 53 in FIG. 11 convert the position of the two-dimensional image in order to convert the display position of the three-dimensional image based on the above principle. Perform the process of shifting in the horizontal direction.
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the display position conversion circuits 33 and 53.
  • the display position conversion circuits 33 and 53 include a frame memory 61 for storing an input image signal in units of two-dimensional images, and a write / read control for controlling a write address and a read address of the frame memory 61.
  • Address control circuit 62 The write / read address control circuit 62 is provided with information on the movement amount of the display position from the operation units 34 and 54.
  • the write / read address control circuit 62 includes a timing control circuit 38,
  • a timing signal is given from 58.
  • the input image signal is written into the frame memory 61 under the control of the write / read address control circuit 62, read out, and output to the subsequent stage.
  • the write / read address control circuit 62 the write / read address control circuit
  • the step 62 obtains the amount of displacement of the position of the two-dimensional image based on the information of the movement amount of the display position given from the operation units 34 and 54 and the timing signal from the timing control circuits 38 and 58.
  • the information on the movement amount of the display position provides a value corresponding to the movement amount a in Expression (2).
  • the timing signal provides information on the angle 0i in equation (2).
  • the write / read address control circuit 62 operates such that the position of the two-dimensional image represented by the output image signal is deviated from the position of the two-dimensional image represented by the input image signal by the determined deviation amount. , And controls a write address and a read address.
  • the write / read address control circuit 62 corresponds to the movement amount calculating means in the present invention, and the frame memory 61 and the write / read address control circuit 62 correspond to the position changing means in the present invention.
  • the input image signal is an analog signal, it is stored in the frame memory 61 after analog-to-digital conversion.
  • Such display position conversion processing is performed in the three-dimensional image capturing apparatus shown in FIG. This may be performed by the display position conversion circuit 33 or may be performed by the display position conversion circuit 53 in the three-dimensional image display device shown in FIG. Therefore, one of the display position conversion circuits 33 and 53 may be omitted.
  • FIG. 18 shows a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional image capturing device as in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 19 shows a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional image display device as in FIG. .
  • a mirror 70 is arranged behind the object 10 as the object to be photographed. In this case, the rear surface of the object 10 is projected on the mirror 70.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing device captures the object 10 and the mirror 70, and supplies the obtained two-dimensional image information to the three-dimensional image display device to display a three-dimensional image, the result is shown in FIG.
  • a three-dimensional image 71 of Mira 70 is displayed behind the three-dimensional image 20 of the object 10. Then, an image of the rear surface of the object 10 is displayed on the three-dimensional image 71 of the mirror 70.
  • the three-dimensional image 21 of the mirror 70 changes depending on the direction of observation so that the appearance of the three-dimensional image 20 of the object 10 changes depending on the direction of observation. The appearance also changes. Therefore, it is possible to realize a three-dimensional image display with a more three-dimensional effect as compared with the case where the mirror 70 is not provided.
  • the display position of the three-dimensional image is converted by the display position conversion process so that the position of the mirror surface of the three-dimensional image 71 of the mirror 70 coincides with the position of the surface of the deflecting plate 25, the deflection The surface of the plate 25 looks like a mirror surface and is more effective.
  • an object is photographed by one photographing means while sequentially changing the photographing direction, and a plurality of two-dimensional images having different photographing directions are obtained. Since the information is obtained, the image information required to display a three-dimensional image of the object in space can be obtained with a simple configuration.
  • an object can be continuously photographed by one photographing means.
  • a simple configuration it is possible to obtain image information necessary to display an image in a moving manner. Therefore, the three-dimensional image according to the present embodiment According to the imaging device and the method, it is possible to realize a true stereoscopic moving image display with a simple configuration.
  • the display position of the three-dimensional image can be reduced by a simple configuration in which the display position conversion circuits 33 and 53 are added and a simple process in which the position of the two-dimensional image is shifted. Can be converted, and a three-dimensional image can be displayed at a desired position in space.
  • an object is photographed by one photographing means while moving one photographing means while sequentially changing the photographing direction, and a plurality of two-dimensional image information having different photographing directions is obtained.
  • FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a condenser lens 12, a pinhole member 13, a condenser lens 14, and a CCD arranged in this order on one surface side of the condenser lens 12. 1 and 5 are provided.
  • the pinhole member 13, the condenser lens 14, and the CCD 15 are referred to as a camera 110.
  • the camera 110 is configured to be swung in the horizontal direction by a camera driving device described later. Note that the center of the swing of the camera 110 is on the extension of the optical axis of the condenser lens 12.
  • the surface of the condenser lens 12 opposite to the pinhole member 13 is directed to the object 10 as the photographing target.
  • the condensing lens 12 condenses light so that when parallel light is incident perpendicularly from the object 10 side, the emitted light has the smallest diameter at the pinhole position of the pinhole member 13. I'm sorry.
  • the condenser lens 14 condenses light diffused through the pinhole and forms an image of the object 10 on the imaging surface of the CCD 15.
  • the camera 110 is swung in the horizontal direction.
  • the camera 110 is at the center of the swing At this time, of the light from the object 10, only an image formed by light that is perpendicularly incident on the condenser lens 12 is formed on the CCD 15.
  • the camera 110 is not at the center of the swing, only the image of the light from the object 10 which is obliquely incident on the condenser lens 12 at a predetermined angle is captured by the CCD 15 An image is formed on the surface.
  • the predetermined angle changes according to the position of the camera 110.
  • the object 10 is photographed by one photographing means (power camera 110), and two-dimensional image information of the object 10 is generated.
  • the shooting direction is sequentially changed. Therefore, the image information output from the CCD 15 is two-dimensional image information whose shooting direction changes with time, and this is image information necessary for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object in space.
  • FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of the three-dimensional image display device in the present embodiment.
  • the three-dimensional image display device according to the present embodiment includes a transmissive LCD 21 as a spatial light modulator that spatially modulates passing light based on two-dimensional image information, and an LCD 21 A condensing lens 22, a pinhole member 23, and a condensing lens 24 arranged in this order on the light emission side.
  • a light source unit, LCD 21, condenser lens 22, and pinhole member 23, which will be described later, that applies illumination light to LCD 21, is referred to as a projector 120.
  • the projector 120 is swung in the horizontal direction by a projector driving device described later.
  • the center position of the swing of the projector 120 is on the extension of the optical axis of the condenser lens 24.
  • the condensing lens 22 condenses the light emitted from the LCD 21 so as to have the smallest diameter at the position of the pinhole of the pinhole member 23.
  • the condenser lens 24 converts the light passing through the pinhole into parallel light.
  • the LCD 21 spatially modulates light based on the two-dimensional image information obtained by the three-dimensional image capturing device shown in FIG.
  • the light modulated by the LCD 21 is condensed by the light collecting lens 22, passes through the pinhole of the pinhole member 23, is collimated by the light collecting lens 24, and is emitted. Since the projector 120 is swung in the horizontal direction, the direction of the light emitted from the condenser lens 24 changes sequentially. Here, the projector 120 is swung so that the angle of the light emitted from the condenser lens 24 matches the angle of the incident light at the time of photographing.
  • FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to the present embodiment. In addition to the configuration shown in FIG.
  • the three-dimensional image photographing apparatus includes a CCD driving circuit 31 for driving the CCD 15 and a signal for processing an output signal of the CCD 15 and outputting an image signal.
  • An operation unit 34 for giving information on the amount of movement of the display position, and an output circuit 35 for superimposing a synchronization signal on the output of the display position conversion circuit 33 and outputting it as a video signal are provided.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing apparatus further includes a camera driving device 111 for swinging the camera 110, a camera driving circuit 111 for controlling the camera driving device 111, and a camera driving circuit 111 for controlling the camera driving device 111.
  • the camera includes a camera control circuit 113 for controlling the camera drive circuit 112 and a timing control circuit 38 for controlling the operation timing of each circuit.
  • the camera driving circuit 111 and the camera driving device 111 swing the camera 110 so that the shooting direction of the camera 110 changes sequentially.
  • the CCD driving circuit 31 drives the CCD 15 in synchronization with the oscillation of the camera 110 so that one two-dimensional image information can be obtained for each of a plurality of predetermined photographing directions.
  • the output signal of the CCD 15 is processed by the signal processing circuit 32 to be an image signal. This image signal is subjected to display position conversion processing by a display position conversion circuit 33 as necessary, and sent to an output circuit 35. Then, the output circuit 35 outputs a video signal.
  • the camera driving device 111 drives the optical system and the like in the camera 110 to adjust the focus, It also has functions for adjusting the aperture, aperture, and shutter speed. These functions are controlled by the camera control circuit 113 via the camera drive circuit 112.
  • the camera control circuit 113 sends information such as focus adjustment, zooming, aperture adjustment, and shirt speed adjustment to the output circuit 35 as a control signal.
  • the output circuit 35 outputs this control signal to the outside together with the video signal in association with the time.
  • FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a three-dimensional image display device according to the present embodiment. In addition to the configuration shown in FIG.
  • this three-dimensional image display device receives a video signal and a light source unit 50 that supplies illumination light parallel to the LCD 21, and generates a synchronization signal from the video signal.
  • a synchronization separation circuit 51 for separating the video signal and the synchronization signal and outputting a video signal output from the synchronization separation circuit 51 and an image signal; and a signal processing circuit 52 for this
  • a display position conversion circuit 53 for performing display position conversion processing as necessary, and providing the display position conversion circuit 53 with information on the movement amount of the display position.
  • An operation unit 54 and an LCD drive circuit 55 for driving the LCD 21 based on the output signal of the display position conversion circuit 53 are provided.
  • the three-dimensional image display device further includes a projector driving device 121 for oscillating the projector 120, a projector driving circuit 122 for controlling the projector driving device 121, and an external input.
  • the projector control circuit 123 for controlling the projector drive circuit 122 based on the control signal to be input, and the synchronization signal output from the synchronization separation circuit 51 are input and synchronized with this synchronization signal.
  • a timing control circuit 58 for controlling the timing of the operation of each circuit.
  • a video signal obtained by, for example, the three-dimensional image photographing device shown in FIG. 22 is input to the three-dimensional image display device.
  • the sync separation circuit 51 separates a sync signal from the input video signal and outputs a video signal and a sync signal.
  • the video signal is processed by the signal processing circuit 52 to be an image signal.
  • This image signal is subjected to display position conversion processing by a display position conversion circuit 53 as necessary, and is sent to an LCD drive circuit 55.
  • the LCD drive circuit 55 generates L based on the image signal.
  • CD 21 is driven.
  • the parallel illumination light emitted from the light source unit 50 is spatially modulated by the LCD 21. As a result, a two-dimensional image is formed.
  • the outgoing light from the LCD 21 is emitted through the condenser lens 22, the pinhole of the pinhole member 23, and the condenser lens 24.
  • the projector drive circuit 122 and the projector drive device 122 swing the projector 120 so that the direction of the light emitted from the condenser lens 24 changes sequentially.
  • the angle of the outgoing light from the condenser lens 24 is different from the angle of the incoming light at the time of shooting by the three-dimensional image shooting device shown in FIG. 22 for each two-dimensional image formed by the LCD 21. Controlled to match. Such angle control is performed by the evening timing control circuit 58 based on the synchronization signal separated by the synchronization separation circuit 51.
  • the projector driving device 121 also has a function of driving the optical system and the like of the projector 120 to perform focus adjustment, zooming, aperture adjustment, and the like.
  • the projector control circuit 123 inputs information such as focus adjustment, zooming, aperture adjustment, and shutter speed adjustment from outside as a control signal. Based on this control signal, the focus adjustment, zooming, and aperture in the projector 120 are controlled. Make adjustments, etc. As a result, a 3D image of the object is displayed by focusing on a position corresponding to the distance between the camera 110 and the object at the time of shooting, and zooming is performed according to the zooming conditions at the time of shooting. And the depth of field can be set according to conditions such as aperture adjustment and shutter speed adjustment at the time of shooting, and a more realistic three-dimensional image display becomes possible. When the display position conversion processing is performed, the focus information is also changed according to the converted position.
  • the camera 110 and the projector 120 are swung in the horizontal direction.
  • the camera 110 and the projector 120 are swung in the horizontal direction.
  • an object is photographed by one photographing means while sequentially moving the photographing direction by moving a part of the optical system to obtain a plurality of two-dimensional image information having different photographing directions. This is an example.
  • FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of the three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a condenser lens 12, a pinhole member 13, a condenser lens 14, and a CCD arranged in this order on one surface side of the condenser lens 12. 1 and 5 are provided.
  • the condenser lens 12 is horizontally swung by a lens driving device described later.
  • the center position of the swing of the condenser lens 12 is on the extension of the optical axis of the condenser lens 14.
  • the image information output from the CCD 15 is two-dimensional image information whose imaging direction changes with time, which is necessary for displaying a three-dimensional image of an object in space.
  • FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of the three-dimensional image display device in the present embodiment.
  • the three-dimensional image display device according to the present embodiment includes a transmissive LCD 21 as a spatial light modulator that spatially modulates passing light based on two-dimensional image information, and a light of the LCD 21.
  • a converging lens 22, a pinhole member 23 and a converging lens 24 are arranged in this order on the light exit side.
  • the condenser lens 24 is swung in the horizontal direction by a lens driving device described later. The center position of the swing of the condenser lens 24 is on the extension of the optical axis of the condenser lens 22.
  • the LCD 21 takes the three-dimensional image shown in FIG.
  • Light is spatially modulated based on the two-dimensional image information obtained by the shadow device.
  • the light modulated by the LCD 21 is condensed by the condenser lens 22, passes through the pinhole of the pinhole member 23, and is emitted as parallel light by the condenser lens 24. Since the condenser lens 24 is swung in the horizontal direction, the direction of light emitted from the condenser lens 24 changes sequentially.
  • the condenser lens 24 is swung so that the angle of the light emitted from the condenser lens 24 matches the angle of the incident light at the time of photographing.
  • FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the three-dimensional image photographing apparatus according to the present embodiment. This three-dimensional image photographing device is used to swing the condenser lens 12 instead of the camera driving device 111 and the camera driving circuit 111 in the three-dimensional image photographing device shown in FIG.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing device further includes an adjusting unit 1 34 that drives an optical system and the like of the 3D image capturing device to perform focus adjustment, zooming, aperture adjustment, shutter speed adjustment, and the like.
  • the camera control circuit 113 sends information such as focus adjustment, zooming, aperture adjustment, and shirt speed adjustment to the output circuit 35 as a control signal.
  • the output circuit 35 outputs the control signal to the outside together with the video signal in association with the time.
  • FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the three-dimensional image display device in the present embodiment.
  • This three-dimensional image display device is provided for swinging a condenser lens 24 instead of the projector drive device 121 and the projector drive circuit 122 in the three-dimensional image display device shown in FIG. It is provided with a lens drive device 141 and a lens drive circuit 142 for controlling the lens drive device 141.
  • the three-dimensional image display device further drives an optical system or the like of the three-dimensional image display device, and
  • An adjustment unit 144 for performing one-piece adjustment, zooming, aperture adjustment, and the like, and a projector control circuit 144 for controlling the adjustment unit 144 are provided.
  • the projector control circuit 1 2 3 inputs information such as focus adjustment, zooming, aperture adjustment, and shirt speed adjustment from outside as a control signal, and based on this control signal, adjusts the force, zoom, and aperture. And so on.
  • the condenser lenses 12 and 24 are oscillated in the horizontal direction. However, in order to obtain a stereoscopic image having a viewing angle also in the vertical direction (vertical direction), these lenses are horizontally moved. You may make it rock
  • the condensing lenses 12 and 24 are made to oscillate in the horizontal direction as a part of the optical system.
  • the photographing direction and the projection direction of the two-dimensional image may be changed by moving the optical member.
  • FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an optical member for changing a shooting direction and a projection direction of a two-dimensional image.
  • the optical member 151 is made of a transparent flat plate such as glass, and swings around an axis 152 perpendicular to the traveling direction of light. The light passing through the optical member 151 swings horizontally in accordance with the position of the optical member 151. Therefore, by inserting the optical member 151 into the optical system of the three-dimensional image capturing device and the three-dimensional image display device, it is possible to change the capturing direction and the projection direction of the two-dimensional image. .
  • FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the optical member for changing the shooting direction and the projection direction of the two-dimensional image.
  • This optical member is provided with a mirror 153 that changes the traveling direction of the incident light by 90 degrees and reflects the light, and is arranged in a direction in which the light incident on the mirror 153 is reflected and travels.
  • the mirror 1504 reflects the light by changing the traveling direction of the light by 90 degrees, and the voice coil motor 1505 reciprocates the mirror 1504 in the direction perpendicular to the reflecting surface. have.
  • the reflecting surface of Mira-153 and the reflecting surface of Mira-154 are parallel.
  • the light passing through the optical member swings in the horizontal direction according to the position of the mirror 154 driven by the voice coil motor 155. Therefore, this optical member is By inserting the two-dimensional image into the optical system of the image display device, the shooting direction and the projection direction of the two-dimensional image can be changed.
  • a fourth embodiment of the present invention when capturing a three-dimensional image, a different capturing direction is set for each pixel to generate one piece of two-dimensional image information, and the capturing direction for each pixel is sequentially changed to obtain a continuous image. Generate two-dimensional image information. Further, in the present embodiment, when displaying a three-dimensional image, continuous two-dimensional image information obtained as described above is projected for each pixel in a direction corresponding to the shooting direction at the time of shooting. This forms a three-dimensional image.
  • a two-dimensional image having N pixels in the horizontal direction and M pixels in the vertical direction is referred to as a two-dimensional image having NXM pixels.
  • the resolution of the means for capturing two-dimensional image information in the three-dimensional image capturing device and the resolution of the means for projecting two-dimensional image information in the three-dimensional image display device are 640 ⁇ 480 pixels, That is, it is assumed that the two-dimensional image is composed of 640 ⁇ 480 pixels.
  • the shooting direction and the projection direction shall be 60 directions from ⁇ 1 to 060. In FIGS.
  • numerals 1 to 60 in the figures represent directions 01 to 060, respectively.
  • one space frame is formed by five space fields.
  • One spatial frame forms one 3D still image.
  • a three-dimensional image for one second is formed by 12 spatial frames.
  • the two-dimensional image area of 640 ⁇ 480 pixels is divided into 160 horizontal and 160 vertical small areas.
  • the small area is composed of 4 ⁇ 3 pixels.
  • FIG. 30 shows the first spatial field Fd1 or the fifth spatial field Fd5 constituting the first spatial frame Fml.
  • the area of 4 ⁇ 3 pixels in the figure represents a small area. Looking at the direction of each pixel in each small area in the scanning direction, In the first spatial field Fd1 of the first spatial frame Fm1, the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 0 1 to ⁇ 12. In the second space field Fd2, the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 0 13 ⁇ 24. In the third space field Fd3, the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 025 to 036. In the fourth space field Fd4, the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 037 to 048. In the fifth spatial field Fd5, the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 049 to 060.
  • FIG. 31 shows the first spatial field Fd1 or the fifth spatial field Fd5 constituting the second spatial frame Fm2.
  • the area of 4 ⁇ 3 pixels in the figure represents a small area. Looking at the direction of each pixel in each small area in the scanning direction, in the first spatial field F d1 of the second spatial frame F m2, the direction of each pixel in each small area is 0 2 to 0 12 and ⁇ 1 are set. In the second spatial field Fd2, the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to ⁇ 14 to ⁇ 24, ⁇ 13. In the third spatial field Fd3, the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 026 to 036, ⁇ 25. In the fourth spatial field Fd4, the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to S38 to 048, ⁇ 37. In the fifth spatial field Fd5, the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 050 to ⁇ 60, ⁇ 49.
  • FIG. 32 shows the first spatial field Fd1 or the fifth spatial field Fd5 constituting the third spatial frame Fm3.
  • the area of 4 ⁇ 3 pixels in the figure represents a small area. Looking at the direction of each pixel in each small area in the scanning direction, in the first spatial field F d1 of the third spatial frame F m3, the direction of each pixel in each small area is 03 to 0 12, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 are set. In the second spatial field Fd2, the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 015 to 024, ⁇ 13, 014. In the third spatial field Fd3, the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 027 to ⁇ 36, ⁇ 25, and 026.
  • the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 039 to 048, ⁇ 37, 038.
  • the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 051 to 060, ⁇ 49,050.
  • each of the spatial fields F d1 to F d5 is assigned to each small area.
  • the combinations of the directions are the same, but each time the spatial frame advances, the pixels assigned to each direction are shifted by one pixel in the scanning direction within each subregion.
  • FIG. 33 shows a first spatial field F d1 to a fifth spatial field F d5 constituting a first second spatial frame F ml2.
  • the area of 4 X 3 pixels in the figure represents a small area. Looking at the direction of each pixel in each small region in the scanning direction, in the first spatial field F d1 of the second spatial frame F m3, the direction of each pixel in each small region is 0 12, ⁇ 1 to 0 1 1 are set.
  • the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 024, 013 to 023.
  • the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 036, ⁇ 25- ⁇ 35.
  • the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 048, 037 to 047.
  • the direction of each pixel in each small area is set to 060, ⁇ 49 to ⁇ 59.
  • the directions 0 12, ⁇ 24, ⁇ 36, ⁇ 48, ⁇ 60 are set in order to understand how the pixels to which a certain direction is assigned change. Pixels to be assigned are shown by surrounding them with squares.
  • FIG. 34 and FIG. 35 show the directions assigned to each pixel in one small area.
  • FIG. 34 shows the first spatial frame F ml to the sixth spatial frame F m6, and
  • FIG. 35 shows the seventh spatial frame F m7 to the 12 th spatial frame F ml 2.
  • the configuration of the three-dimensional image capturing apparatus is the same as that in FIG.
  • the angle pattern generation circuit 37 generates an angle pattern indicating the direction of each pixel according to the above-described format, and supplies the generated angle pattern to the deflection plate driving circuit 36.
  • the deflection plate driving circuit 36 sets the angle of the incident light for each pixel of the deflection plate 11 according to the supplied angle pattern.
  • the CCD drive circuit 31, the deflection plate drive circuit 36, the angle pattern generation circuit 37, and the timing control circuit 38 in FIG. 5 correspond to the imaging control means in the present invention.
  • the configuration of the three-dimensional image display device in the present embodiment is the same as that in FIG.
  • the angle pattern generation circuit 57 generates an angle pattern representing the direction of each pixel according to the above-described format, and supplies the generated angle pattern to the deflection plate driving circuit 56.
  • the deflection plate driving circuit 56 sets the angle of the emitted light for each pixel of the deflection plate 25 according to the supplied angle pattern.
  • the LCD drive circuit 55, the deflection plate drive circuit 56, the angle pattern generation circuit 57, and the timing control circuit 58 in FIG. 11 correspond to the display control means in the present invention.
  • the angle pattern at the time of displaying a two-dimensional image must match the angle pattern at the time of shooting for each two-dimensional image. This can be realized by synchronizing the change of the spatial frame and the spatial field of the two-dimensional image with the change of the angular pattern based on a synchronization signal included in the video signal.
  • a three-dimensional still image is formed by one spatial frame including five spatial fields.
  • still images having a resolution of 160 ⁇ 160 pixels are simultaneously formed in 12 directions.
  • five spatial fields, that is, one spatial frame form still images having a resolution of 160 ⁇ 160 pixels in 60 directions in all directions. Therefore, a single spatial frame can display a three-dimensional image with a resolution of 160 ⁇ 160 pixels.
  • a three-dimensional image can be displayed with a resolution of 64 ⁇ 480 pixels, that is, a maximum resolution, in all 60 directions.
  • each spatial field forms an image in each of 12 directions out of 60 total directions, and 60 spatial fields form 60.sup.th images (that is, one spatial frame).
  • An image in all directions is formed.
  • a three-dimensional image with a resolution of 160 ⁇ 160 pixels is formed by each spatial frame, but the pixels to which each direction is assigned are changed for each frame.
  • a three-dimensional image having a resolution of 640 ⁇ 480 pixels is formed by the 12 spatial frames. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it can be said that information necessary for displaying a three-dimensional image is configured by a temporal and spatial in-and-out race method.
  • one spatial frame is formed by five spatial fields, and a three-dimensional image for one second is formed by 12 spatial frames (60 spatial fields).
  • one spatial frame is formed by five spatial fields, and a three-dimensional image for one second is formed by 12 spatial frames (60 spatial fields).
  • one spatial frame may be formed by four spatial fields, and a three-dimensional image for one second may be formed by fifteen spatial frames (60 spatial fields).
  • a small area is 5 ⁇ 3 pixels, and a two-dimensional still image with a resolution of 128 ⁇ 160 pixels is projected in one direction in one spatial field.
  • one spatial frame may be formed by three spatial fields, and a three-dimensional image for one second may be formed by 20 spatial frames (60 spatial fields).
  • a small area is 5 ⁇ 4 pixels, and a two-dimensional still image with a resolution of 128 ⁇ 120 pixels is projected in one direction in one spatial field.
  • one spatial frame may be formed by two spatial fields, and a three-dimensional image of one second may be formed by 30 spatial frames (60 spatial fields).
  • a small area is 5 ⁇ 6 pixels, and a two-dimensional still image with a resolution of 128 ⁇ 80 pixels is projected in one direction in one spatial field.
  • one spatial frame may be formed by one spatial field
  • a three-dimensional image for one second may be formed by 60 spatial frames (60 spatial fields).
  • a small area is set to 10 ⁇ 6 pixels
  • a two-dimensional still image having a resolution of 64 ⁇ 80 pixels is projected in one direction in one spatial field.
  • the number of spatial fields per second is set to 60. However, if the number is increased, a three-dimensional moving image with smoother motion can be displayed. For example, assuming that the number of spatial fields per second is 120, the change in the angle pattern of the 60 fields described in the present embodiment can be repeated twice per second, and the movement can be repeated. It becomes possible to express more smoothly.
  • the two-dimensional image is composed of 640 ⁇ 480 pixels.
  • the number of pixels is increased, more precise (fine) 3D image display will be possible.
  • a two-dimensional image is composed of 102 4 X 768 pixels.
  • the space is divided into 60 at predetermined angles and a 3D image is formed by 60 fields, for example, a small area is 4 ⁇ 3 pixels, and 10 2 4 ⁇ 7 6 8
  • the image area of pixels is divided into 256 ⁇ 256 small areas.
  • one spatial frame is formed by five spatial fields
  • a three-dimensional image for one second is formed by 12 spatial frames (60 spatial fields).
  • the size of the small area may be changed, the number of divisions of the space at predetermined angles may be increased to improve the spatial resolution or the viewing angle, or the number of divisions per second may be increased. You may increase the number of fields.
  • the two-dimensional image is composed of 102 4 x 768 pixels and the number of fields per second is 120, then it is possible to display 3D moving images with high precision and smooth motion.
  • the CCD and LCD require a pixel count of 124 ⁇ 768 pixels and a high rate such as 120 fields / sec.
  • this can be realized sufficiently due to the recent increase in the number of pixels of CCD and LCD and the technology of non-interlaced CCD.
  • two-dimensional image information for 60 spatial fields having different shooting directions and different projection directions for each pixel is obtained from each of the 60 shooting directions and projection directions.
  • display position conversion processing is performed on the converted two-dimensional image information, and then two-dimensional images for 60 spatial fields with different shooting directions and projection directions for each pixel What is necessary is just to convert it into image information.
  • FIG. 36 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the video conference system according to the present embodiment.
  • This TV conference system includes two three-dimensional image capturing and displaying devices 201 and 202.
  • the two three-dimensional image capturing and displaying devices 201 and 202 are connected via a signal transmission path 203 that transmits signals bidirectionally.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying devices 201 and 202 are devices in which the three-dimensional image capturing device and the three-dimensional image displaying device are integrated.
  • the half mirror 1 2 1 1 is provided between the condensing lens 12 and the pinhole member 13 in the three-dimensional image capturing device shown in FIG. Is arranged.
  • the half mirror 211 is arranged such that the normal to the reflecting surface is at 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis of the optical system of the three-dimensional image capturing apparatus.
  • the pinhole member 23 of the three-dimensional image display device, the condenser lens 22 and the LCD 21 are arranged in a direction in which the light from the condenser lens 12 is reflected by the half mirror 211 and travels. I have.
  • the circuit configurations of the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying devices 201 and 202 have both a circuit in the three-dimensional image capturing device and a circuit in the three-dimensional image displaying device. Further, the configurations of the three-dimensional image capturing device and the three-dimensional image display device included in the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying device 201 and 202 are the same as those of any one of the first to fourth embodiments. May be adopted.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying devices 201 and 202 simultaneously capture and display a three-dimensional image. That is, in the deflection plate 11, the imaging direction and the projection direction of the two-dimensional image information are simultaneously selected.
  • the light that has entered the deflecting plate 11 passes through the condenser lens 12, the half mirror 2 11, the pinhole member 13, and the condenser lens 14, and then enters the CCD 15.
  • the light from the LCD 21 passes through the condenser lens 22, the pinhole member 23, the half mirror 2 11, and the condenser lens 12, and is projected by the deflection plate 11.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying apparatus 201 captures an object 220
  • the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying apparatus 202 captures an object 230.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying device 201 processes an output signal of the CCD 15 to generate a video signal.
  • This video signal is transmitted to the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying device 202 via the signal transmission path 203.
  • two-dimensional image information is formed by the LCD 21 based on the transmitted video signal, and the two-dimensional image information is projected in a direction selected by the deflection plate 11. Is done. This makes the third order
  • the three-dimensional image 221 of the object 220 is displayed by the original image capturing and displaying device 202.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying device 202 performs signal processing on the output signal of the CCD 15 to generate a video signal.
  • This video signal is transmitted to the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying device 201 via the signal transmission path 203.
  • two-dimensional image information is formed by the LCD 21 based on the transmitted video signal, and the two-dimensional image information is projected in a direction selected by the deflection plate 11. Is performed.
  • the three-dimensional image 2 31 of the object 230 is displayed by the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying device 201.
  • the person on the side of the 3D image capturing and displaying device 201 will display the 3D image of the person on the side of the 3D image capturing and displaying device 202.
  • the person on the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying device 202 can observe the three-dimensional image of the person on the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying device 201 side.
  • a video conference can be performed while watching the three-dimensional image of the other party's face up close, and a video conference with a sense of reality can be performed.
  • the light incident part for capturing a three-dimensional image and the light emitting part for displaying the three-dimensional image are shared, so that the three-dimensional image of the face of the other party can be obtained. Displayed in front. Therefore, it is possible to talk while looking at the other party's eyes, and a more realistic TV conference can be held.
  • the three-dimensional image capturing and displaying apparatus is installed at three or more locations and connected to each other via a signal transmission path. By switching and displaying or synthesizing and displaying the video signal sent from the device, it is possible to hold a video conference between three or more locations.
  • an imaging device other than a CCD may be used as a means for capturing a two-dimensional image in a three-dimensional image capturing device.
  • two-dimensional images are displayed on a three-dimensional image display device.
  • a display element other than the LCD may be used as a means for displaying.
  • the means for changing the direction of the incident light in the three-dimensional image photographing device or the direction of the outgoing light in the three-dimensional image display device is not limited to the means used in each of the above-described embodiments.
  • a prism or a rotating mirror may be used.
  • the first three-dimensional image photographing apparatus or the three-dimensional image photographing method of the present invention an object is photographed by one photographing means, and two-dimensional image information of the object is generated. Since the shooting direction is changed sequentially, it is possible to obtain the image information necessary to display a 3D image of an object in space with a simple configuration and to easily display a true 3D video in the true sense. This has the effect of realizing a simple configuration.
  • each of the settable photographing directions is lower than the resolution of the photographing means.
  • the process of obtaining low-resolution two-dimensional image information while changing the pixels to which each shooting direction is assigned is performed repeatedly while obtaining the two-dimensional image information of the resolution. Since two-dimensional image information with the same resolution as the resolution of the means is obtained, it is possible to display three-dimensional moving images that can withstand observation in terms of the image update cycle and resolution, and provide true three-dimensional moving image display. This has the effect of realizing with a simple configuration.
  • the projection direction setting means is controlled so that each of the settable projection directions has a lower resolution than the resolution of the projection means. Projecting the three-dimensional image information to display a low-resolution three-dimensional image, and repeatedly executing a process of projecting the low-resolution two-dimensional image information while changing the pixels to which the respective projection directions are assigned, thereby providing a projection unit. 3D images with the same resolution as the 3D image are displayed, enabling 3D moving image display that can withstand observation in terms of the image update cycle and resolution.Simple configuration of true 3D moving image display This has the effect that it can be realized with.
  • a plurality of two-dimensional image information items having different observation directions with respect to the same object are converted into directions respectively corresponding to the observation directions.
  • the plane of the position of the two-dimensional image information necessary to move the position of the three-dimensional image by the amount of movement based on the information of the movement amount of the position of the three-dimensional image and the observation direction or the projection direction The amount of inward movement is determined, and the position of the two-dimensional image information is changed by the determined amount of movement, so that the position of the three-dimensional image of the object displayed in space can be easily converted. It has the effect of being able to.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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Abstract

Pour afficher une image tridimensionnelle dynamique au sens réel du terme et de structure simple, on acquiert des informations d'image nécessaires à l'affichage d'une image tridimensionnelle d'un objet de structure simple dans un espace. Une partie de la lumière émanant d'un objet (10) tombe sur un polariseur (11). Ledit polariseur (11) fait passer la composante de la lumière incidente polarisée selon un angle prédéterminé vers la surface du polariseur (11), et permet à cette composante de sortir du polariseur (11) sous la forme d'un faisceau lumineux parallèle perpendiculaire à la surface du polariseur (11). Ce faisceau lumineux parallèle traverse un condenseur (12), un élément (13) à trou d'épingle, et un condenseur (14), avant de tomber sur un CCD (15). L'angle de la lumière incidente choisi par le polariseur (11) peut être modifié en fonction du temps. Par conséquent, les informations d'image émises en sortie par le CCD (15) constituent un ensemble d'informations relatives à une image bidimensionnelle comprenant la direction du changement de l'image dans le temps, lesquelles informations sont nécessaires à l'affichage d'une image tridimensionnelle d'un objet dans un espace.
PCT/JP1999/007147 1999-01-06 1999-12-20 Dispositif et procede de detection d'une image tridimensionnelle, dispositif et procede d'affichage d'une image tridimensionnelle, et dispositif et procede permettant de changer la position d'une image tridimensionnelle Ceased WO2000041399A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EA200100622A EA003495B1 (ru) 1999-01-06 1999-12-20 Устройство и способ для фотографирования трехмерного изображения, устройство и способ для воспроизведения трехмерного изображения и устройство и способ для изменения положения воспроизводимого трехмерного изображения
HK02104303.2A HK1042619A1 (zh) 1999-01-06 1999-12-20 三維圖像攝影裝置及方法、三維圖像顯示裝置及方法、以及三維圖像顯示位置變換裝置及方法
AU16900/00A AU759891B2 (en) 1999-01-06 1999-12-20 Three-dimensional image sensing device and method, three-dimensional image displaying device and method, and three-dimensional image position changing device and method
KR1020017008520A KR20010093245A (ko) 1999-01-06 1999-12-20 3차원 화상촬영장치 및 방법, 3차원 화상표시장치 및방법, 및 3차원 화상표시 위치변환장치 및 방법
EP99959916A EP1150518B1 (fr) 1999-01-06 1999-12-20 Dispositif et procede de detection d'une image tridimensionnelle, et dispositif et procede d'affichage d'une image tridimensionnelle
DE69940442T DE69940442D1 (de) 1999-01-06 1999-12-20 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur dreidimensionalen bildaufnahme und vorrichtung und verfahren zur dreidimensionalen bildwiedergabe
US09/868,598 US6970187B1 (en) 1999-01-06 1999-12-20 Three-dimenional image photographing apparatus and method having deflection means, apparatus and method for displaying three dimensional image, and apparatus and method for converting three-dimenional image display position
CA002356001A CA2356001A1 (fr) 1999-01-06 1999-12-20 Dispositif et procede afin de photographier une image tridimensionnelle, dispositif et procede d'affichage d'une image tridimensionnelle, et dispositif et procede permettant de changer la position d'une image tridimensionnelle
US11/183,810 US7327389B2 (en) 1999-01-06 2005-07-19 Apparatus and method for photographing three-dimensional image, apparatus and method for displaying three-dimensional image, and apparatus and method for converting three-dimensional image display position
US11/855,128 US8068131B2 (en) 1999-01-06 2007-09-13 Apparatus and method for photographing three-dimensional image, apparatus and method for displaying three-dimensional image, and apparatus and method for converting three-dimensional image display position

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JP11/1421 1999-01-06
JP00142199A JP4233660B2 (ja) 1999-01-06 1999-01-06 ３次元画像撮影装置および方法ならびに３次元画像表示装置および方法
JP11/1419 1999-01-06
JP00142099A JP4217322B2 (ja) 1999-01-06 1999-01-06 ３次元画像表示位置変換装置および方法
JP11/1420 1999-01-06
JP00141999A JP4484261B2 (ja) 1999-01-06 1999-01-06 ３次元画像撮影装置および方法

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US11/183,810 Division US7327389B2 (en) 1999-01-06 2005-07-19 Apparatus and method for photographing three-dimensional image, apparatus and method for displaying three-dimensional image, and apparatus and method for converting three-dimensional image display position

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DE69940442D1 (de) 2009-04-02
EA200100622A1 (ru) 2002-02-28
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EA003495B1 (ru) 2003-06-26
US6970187B1 (en) 2005-11-29
EP2051534B1 (fr) 2014-06-18
EP1150518B1 (fr) 2009-02-18
US20080204549A1 (en) 2008-08-28
US20050259159A1 (en) 2005-11-24
US7327389B2 (en) 2008-02-05
KR20010093245A (ko) 2001-10-27
EP1150518A1 (fr) 2001-10-31
EP2051534A1 (fr) 2009-04-22
CN1338184A (zh) 2002-02-27
US8068131B2 (en) 2011-11-29
HK1042619A1 (zh) 2002-08-16
AU1690000A (en) 2000-07-24
EP1150518A4 (fr) 2007-01-10
AU759891B2 (en) 2003-05-01

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