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WO1999038772A1 - Sleep lift system, a seat group which automatically transforms into tiered beds, especially for airplanes - Google Patents

Sleep lift system, a seat group which automatically transforms into tiered beds, especially for airplanes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999038772A1
WO1999038772A1 PCT/HU1999/000007 HU9900007W WO9938772A1 WO 1999038772 A1 WO1999038772 A1 WO 1999038772A1 HU 9900007 W HU9900007 W HU 9900007W WO 9938772 A1 WO9938772 A1 WO 9938772A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seat
seats
footrest
rotation
seating group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/HU1999/000007
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zoltán Pál
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU22930/99A priority Critical patent/AU2293099A/en
Publication of WO1999038772A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999038772A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/32—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles convertible for other use
    • B60N2/34—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles convertible for other use into a bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/02—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable
    • B60N2/04—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable the whole seat being movable
    • B60N2/06—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable the whole seat being movable slidable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/90—Details or parts not otherwise provided for
    • B60N2/995—Lower-leg-rests, e.g. calf-rests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N3/00—Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for
    • B60N3/06—Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of footrests
    • B60N3/063—Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of footrests with adjustment systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
    • B64D11/06—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats
    • B64D11/0601—Arrangement of seats for non-standard seating layouts, e.g. seats staggered horizontally or vertically, arranged in an angled or fishbone layout, or facing in other directions than the direction of flight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
    • B64D11/06—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats
    • B64D11/0639—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats with features for adjustment or converting of seats
    • B64D11/06395—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats with features for adjustment or converting of seats characterised by the arrangement of electric motors for adjustment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
    • B64D11/06—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats
    • B64D11/0639—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats with features for adjustment or converting of seats
    • B64D11/064—Adjustable inclination or position of seats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
    • B64D11/06—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats
    • B64D11/0639—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats with features for adjustment or converting of seats
    • B64D11/0641—Seats convertible into beds

Definitions

  • a seating group that automatically changes into bunk beds, especially for airplanes
  • the object of the invention is a seat or Weggrup ⁇ e which can be transformed into a bed or group of bunk beds by some automatic means, and which can preferably be used in the aircraft.
  • the task is to generate a large number of berths in the passenger compartment of the aircraft in order to be able to sleep the vast majority of passengers or possibly all business and tourist class passengers during the journey and at the same time the capacity of the aircraft should be low or not at all be reduced.
  • the solutions customary in the railway wagons are not applicable because of the large dimensions of the beds, and because of the fact that the upper ones take and leave 3 beds in the case of the use of either the beds usual in the sleeper or couchette too long.
  • passengers In the event of an emergency, passengers must leave the aircraft within 90 seconds in accordance with the international regulation on aviation security, which cannot be achieved at all.
  • Devices can be converted to bunk beds arranged in at least two levels above one another, given the existing height of the passenger compartment, without letting the passengers get up.
  • Bunk beds or multi-storey berths convertible seating group are as follows: Each seat consists of a backrest that can be tilted back with a headrest, a seat and a footrest that can be opened from below the seat. The seats are attached individually, in rows or in columns on one or more brackets with lifting devices. The holders can be moved along 4 guide tracks or move with another solution.
  • the group consists of so many rows or columns, as many floors of the beds are to be arranged on top of each other, in which the seats with the reclined backrests and opened footrests can be converted into beds and the rearranged rows of seats can be arranged one above the other.
  • the backrests, the footrests, the rows of seats are tilted, opened, lifted, moved or reset by individual or remote-controlled electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic devices.
  • Another possible embodiment is that the stroke is carried out by a device which moves the backrest and the footrest with corresponding electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic transmissions.
  • the partition walls hanging from the ceiling or rising from the floor between the elbow rests are possible additional parts which do not attain the essence of the invention.
  • the express arch backrests can also be protective devices preventing the passenger from failing.
  • At least one elbowrest is coupled to the seat, which consists of the backrest, seat surface and footrest, therein the elbow rest, the supporting strip, the seat surface and that between the elbow armrest and Seat part of the backrest with swivel axes a swivel-bound
  • each seating group consists of at least two rows of seats.
  • the seating group is attached as needed to at least one connection device that suitably with one 5 is attached to the floor or incorporated therein motorized movement mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 shows the seating group according to an expedient embodiment of the invention in the position.
  • FIG. 3 shows another expedient embodiment of the seating group according to the invention in a position between the sitting and lying positions.
  • the seat brackets with lifting devices hang from the ceiling.
  • the holder devices of different types can be used mixed within a group.
  • the aircraft seat consists of the backrest (1) provided with a headrest, the seat surface (3), the axis of rotation of the backrest (2) connecting these parts, the footrest (5), the axis of rotation of the footrest (4) and the movement mechanisms mounted on the seat surface the backrest or the footrest (9, 10).
  • the row of seats consisting of at least one seat (II) is supported by at least one holder (6) provided with at least one lifting device (12).
  • the holder (6) is either attached as close as possible to the common center of gravity of the passenger and the seat (11), on the axis of rotation of the backrest (2) or according to the design at the most convenient location to the seat surface (3) and it can be at least one on the Floor (8) attached or in it 6 built-in guide track (7) can be moved forwards and backwards.
  • the movement mechanisms of the back and the footrest (9, 10) and the lifting device (12) built into the holder (6) can have pneumatic, hydraulic or electric drives. It is also possible to move the backrest (1) and the footrest (5) with the motor-driven lifting device (12) by mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic transmissions.
  • the parallelogram described in the general solution can also be used for the joint movement of the backrest (1) and the footrest (5).
  • the power supply and remote control lines are not shown here. If necessary, the holders (6) are placed on the parallel guide glasses (7) in such a way that their movements from one another are not prevented.
  • the change of seats in bunk beds is carried out in such a way that, for. B.
  • the third row of seats is lifted to the appropriate height by the lifting devices (12) in the holders (0) and pushed to the appropriate position, including the backrests (1) and the footrests (5) by the movement mechanisms of the backrest or .
  • the footrests (9, 10) are tilted back or opened, in this way the seats in the row can be converted into beds; then the second row of seats is similarly switched from the intended devices into beds and put in their place, lastly the first row of seats is changed into beds by tilting the backrests (1) and opening the footrests (5) and pushed into place.
  • the return to the rows of seats is carried out by the same operations in the reverse order.
  • the control of the transformation into beds and vice versa is expediently carried out by means of a control system operated by the stewardesses. 7
  • the guide tracks (7) can dream on the floor (8), on the ceiling, on the side wall of the driving gas, or, if there are any, attached or installed in the partition walls between the seating groups.
  • the lifted row of seats can, if necessary, be provided with ladders, not shown here, so that the passengers can dismount to meet their needs.
  • the system described here can be used for the conversion of the inner rows of seats of the passenger compartments of the aircraft provided with two or more corridors.
  • the rows of seats at the windows can only be moved in two floors due to the bending of the wall.
  • Each seat consists of a backrest (1) with a headrest, a seat (3), an axis of rotation of the backrest (2) of a footrest (5) and an axis of rotation of the footrest (4), movement mechanisms of the backrest or footrest attached to the seat surface (9, 10).
  • the parallelogram described in the general solution can be used for the joint movement of the back and the footrest.
  • a row of seats consists of at least one seat (11), and two rows of seats directly behind one another form a seating group. The seats are fastened in rows on a holder, not shown here, and the row is linked as required with at least one connecting device (13) and moved by a movement mechanism built on the floor (8) or recessed therein.
  • Passengers can sleep relatively comfortably for almost the entire period of the journey. Passengers boarding and alighting are carried out in the traditional way. In an emergency the aircraft can be cleared within the prescribed period. The capacity of the aircraft, i.e. H. the number of acceptable passengers remains the same. If the embodiments described here are used, only a small amount of changes in the interior of the passenger compartment are necessary.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Chairs For Special Purposes, Such As Reclining Chairs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a seat or a seat group which can be automatically transformed into tiered beds. The seat group is comprised of at least two, preferably three, seat rows directly arranged one behind the other. Each seat row is comprised of at least one seat (11). Each seat (11) is comprised of a seat back (1) which can be reclined and which is provided with a head rest. Each seat also comprises a seat surface (3), a foot rest (5) which can be unfolded, the rotating axle (2) of the seat back which joins the seat back and the seat surface, and the rotating axle (4) of the foot rest. The seats (11) arranged next to one another or the seats (11) directly arranged behind one another can be respectively fastened on at least one holder (6) or on the necessary number of holders (6) in a row-like or column-like manner. The rotating axes of the seat back or the foot rest (2, 4) are provided with mechanisms (9, 10) permitting movement, or the seat back (1) and the foot rest (5) are operated by a motor and gearbox. The mechanisms (9, 10) which permit movement of the seat back (1) and the foot rest (5) are either motor driven or are mechanical, electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic transmissions operated by a lever device.

Description

Sc lafLi tS stesn Sc lafLi tS stesn

Eine sich in Etagenbetten automatisch umbildende Sitzgruppc insbesondere für FlugzeugeA seating group that automatically changes into bunk beds, especially for airplanes

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Sitz oder Sitzgrupμe die sich durch einigen automatischen Mittel zu Bett oder Gruppe der Etagenbetten umbilden läßt, und die vorzugsweise in den Flugzeugen verwendbar sind.The object of the invention is a seat or Sitzgrupμe which can be transformed into a bed or group of bunk beds by some automatic means, and which can preferably be used in the aircraft.

Während der Geschichte der Menschheit hatte die Reise mimer eine wichtige Rolle. Die Entwicklung der Industrie und des Handels, und des Tourismus, der sich seit der Wende der 19tcn und 20sten Jahrhunderte sich immer mehr erhöhte, übten eine große Einfluß darauf aus, daß die Fernreisen immer mehr massenhaft geworden sind.Travel mimer has played an important role in human history. The development of industry and trade, and tourism, which has increased since the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, have had a great influence on the fact that long-distance travel has become more and more massive.

Die Erhöhung des Komforts der Fahrgäste ist immer wichtiger geworden. Es wurden Schlafkabinen auf den Schiffen geschaffen, seit 1858, der ersten Erscheinung des Schlafwagens von Pullman, der seit 1867 im Serienbau hergestellt wurde, verbreiteten sich die Schlafwagen im Eisenbahnverkehr.Increasing passenger comfort has become increasingly important. Sleeping cabins were created on the ships, since 1858, the first appearance of the Pullman sleeping car, which had been mass-produced since 1867, the sleeping cars had spread to rail traffic.

Im Straßenverkehr machte man Versuche, um das Komfort der Fahrgäste zu erhöhen, meistens seit die touristischen Reise im Autobus massenhaft geworden sind. Eine der Lösungen dafür ist der in der deutschen Patentschrift P 1 223 705 dargestellte am Autobus angeknüpfte Anhänger. Das Merkmal der Lösung ist, daß im Innenraum des Anhängers quer gerichtete in mehreren Reihen und Kolonnen angeordenete Fächer eingebaut werden, die für je einen Fahrgast als Schlafraum dienen. Die Zahl der Schlafräume stimmt mit der Zahl der Sitze im Autobus überein. Eine andere Lösung wτird in der ungarischen Patentschrift HU 212 318 dargestellt, demgemäß die Sitze des Autobus in Schlafplätze umgebaut werden, aber oben befindet sich eine nach 2 oben und unten bewegbare von den Liegewagen bekannte Couchette.Attempts have been made in road traffic to increase the comfort of passengers, mostly since the tourist journey in the bus has become mass. One of the solutions for this is the trailer shown in the German patent specification P 1 223 705 attached to the bus. The feature of the solution is that transverse compartments arranged in several rows and columns are installed in the interior of the trailer, which serve as sleeping space for one passenger each. The number of bedrooms corresponds to the number of seats in the bus. Another solution τ w ill be in the Hungarian patent specification HU 212 318 illustrated, accordingly, the seats of the bus be converted into beds, but the top one is located after 2 couchettes known from the couchettes that can be moved up and down.

Im Luftfahrt entwickelte sich die Formgebung der Fahrgasträume auf andere Weise. Man bestrebte sich wegen der verhältnismäßig kurze Fahrtdaucr, vor allem die Zahl der Sitze zu erhöhen. Der Raum zwischen den Sitzen wurde in den Großraumflugzeugen immer enger ausgelegt. Die Fahrgäste müssen in den den Atlantischen Ozean überfliegenden oder in den fernöstlichen Fluglinien 10 bis 12 Stunden im Sitz verbringen, das wegen des engen Raumes zuerst auf der Business Class oder Touristenklasse sehr unangenehm und ermüdend ist. Als die Flugreise auf große Entfernungen massenhaft geworden sind, wurden Erkrankungen beobachtet, die wegen der Ermüdung der Fahrgäste und wegen durch Zeitablenkung gestörten Rhythmus der Wachheit und Schlafens entstehen. Als man erkannte den Bedarf für Ruhe und die Beschränkung, daß die Rücklehne sogar in der ersten Klasse nur bis 40 Grad nach hinten gekippt werden können, wurden Schlafkabinen in den Großraumflugzeugen erzeugt, die aber nur den Fahrgästen der ersten Klasse zur Verfügung stehen. Jetzt existieren vollkommen ins Bett umstellbare Sitze als Ergebnis der späteren Entwicklung, sie können aber wegen der großen Raumbedarf nur auf der ersten Klasse verwendet werden.In aviation, the shape of the passenger compartments developed in a different way. Because of the relatively short travel time, efforts were made to increase the number of seats. The space between the seats has been increasingly narrowed in the wide-body aircraft. Passengers have to spend 10 to 12 hours in the seat flying over the Atlantic Ocean or in the Far East airlines, which is very uncomfortable and tiring at first in business class or tourist class due to the narrow space. When the air travel became large over a long distance, illnesses were observed which result from the fatigue of the passengers and from the rhythm of wakefulness and sleep disturbed by time deflection. When the need for rest and the restriction that even in the first class the backrest could only be tilted up to 40 degrees were recognized, sleeping cabins were created in the wide-body aircraft, but these are only available to the passengers of the first class. There are now fully convertible seats as a result of later development, but they can only be used in the first class due to the large space requirements.

Die Aufgabe ist, eine große Zahl der Liegeplätze im Fahrgastraum des Flugzeuges zu erzeugen, um die überwiegende Mehrheit der Fahrgäste oder möglicherweise alle Fahrgäste der Business Class und der Touristenklasse während der Reise schlafen zu können und gleichzeitig soll das Fassungsvermögen des Flugzeuges nur gering oder gar nicht herabgesezt werden. Die in den Eisenbahnwagen üblichen Lösungen sind nicht anwendbar wegen der großen Abmessungen der Betten, und deswegen, daß die Einnahme und das Verlassen der oberen 3 Betten im Fall der Verwendung entweder der im Sclafwagen oder im Liegewagen üblichen Betten zu lange Zeit benötigt. Die Fahrgäste müssen im Notfall das Flugzeug innerhalb 90 Sekunden der internationalen Vorschrift über Luftlährtssicherheit gemäß verlassen, das keineswegs geleistet werden kann.The task is to generate a large number of berths in the passenger compartment of the aircraft in order to be able to sleep the vast majority of passengers or possibly all business and tourist class passengers during the journey and at the same time the capacity of the aircraft should be low or not at all be reduced. The solutions customary in the railway wagons are not applicable because of the large dimensions of the beds, and because of the fact that the upper ones take and leave 3 beds in the case of the use of either the beds usual in the sleeper or couchette too long. In the event of an emergency, passengers must leave the aircraft within 90 seconds in accordance with the international regulation on aviation security, which cannot be achieved at all.

Es gibt keine technische Schwierigkeit, um die in der deutschen Palentschrift P 1 223 705 bekanntgegebene Schlaffächer z. B. in den Containern auf der Stelle der mittleren Sitzreihen der Flugzeuge mit Fahrgastraum von zwei oder mehreren Gängen zu befestigen, aber das Verlassen des Flugzeuges innerhalb der vorgeschriebenen 90 Sekunden kann auch in diesem Fall nicht gesichert werden. Die in der ungarischen Patentschrift von Registrierungsnummer 212 318 dargestellte Lösung ist auch nicht verwendbar, als alle Fahrgäste sollen für Umbau der Sitzen zu Betten stehen bleiben, und das obere Bett kann nicht eingebaut werden, ohne das Gepäckregal wesentlich umzubauen.There is no technical difficulty in order to, for example, the sleeping compartments disclosed in the German palm document P 1 223 705. B. in the containers on the site of the middle rows of seats of the aircraft with passenger compartments of two or more aisles, but leaving the aircraft within the prescribed 90 seconds cannot be secured in this case either. The solution shown in the Hungarian patent specification of registration number 212 318 cannot be used either, as all passengers are to remain standing for converting the seats to beds, and the upper bed cannot be installed without substantially changing the luggage rack.

Es wurde erkannt, daß die üblichen Sitze mit einem geringen Umbau und mit Hilfe der entsprechendenIt was recognized that the usual seats with a minor modification and with the help of the appropriate

Vorrichtungen zu in mindestens zwei, bei existierender Höhe des Fahrgastraumes zweckmäßig drei übereinander liegenden Ebenen eingeordneten Etagenbetten umgestellt werden können, ohne die Fahrgäste aufstehen zu lassen. Die wesentlichen Merkmale der automatisch zuDevices can be converted to bunk beds arranged in at least two levels above one another, given the existing height of the passenger compartment, without letting the passengers get up. The main characteristics of automatically

Etagenbetten oder mehrstöckigen Liegeplätzen umstellbaren Sitzgruppe sind wie folgt: Jeder Sitz besteht aus einer nach hinten kippbaren mit Kopfstütze versehenen Rücklehne, einer Sitzfläche und einer von unten der Sitzfläche aufklappbaren Fußraste. Die Sitze werden einzeln, reihenweise oder kolumnenweise auf einem oder mehreren mit Hebevorrichtung versehenen Halter befestigt. Die Halter lassen sich entlang 4 Führungsgleisen oder mit anderer Lösung bewegen. Die Gruppe besieht aus soviel Reihen bzw. Kolumnen, soviel Stöcke der Betten aufeinander geordnet werden sollen, darin die Sitze mit den nach hinten gekippten Rücklehncn und aufgeklappten Fußrasten in Betten umgestellt und die umgestellten Sitzreihen übereinander geordnet werden können. Di Rücklehnen, die Fußrasten, die Sitzreihen werden von einzelnen oder ferngesteuerten elektrischen, pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Vorrichtungen gekippt, aufgeklappt, aufgehoben, bewegt bzw. zurückgestellt. Eine andere mögliche Ausführung ist, darin der Hub durch eine Vorrichtung durchgeführt wird, die mit entsprechenden elektrischen, hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Transmissionen die Rücklehnc und die Fußraste bewegt. Die zwischen den Ellbogenlehnen von der Decke hängenden oder aus dem Boden entsteigenden Trennungswände sind mögliche aber das Wesen der Erfindung nicht anlangende ergänzende Teile. Die Eilbogenlehnen können im liegenden Position auch den Ausfall des Fahrgastes abhaltenden Schutzvorrichtungen sein.Bunk beds or multi-storey berths convertible seating group are as follows: Each seat consists of a backrest that can be tilted back with a headrest, a seat and a footrest that can be opened from below the seat. The seats are attached individually, in rows or in columns on one or more brackets with lifting devices. The holders can be moved along 4 guide tracks or move with another solution. The group consists of so many rows or columns, as many floors of the beds are to be arranged on top of each other, in which the seats with the reclined backrests and opened footrests can be converted into beds and the rearranged rows of seats can be arranged one above the other. The backrests, the footrests, the rows of seats are tilted, opened, lifted, moved or reset by individual or remote-controlled electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic devices. Another possible embodiment is that the stroke is carried out by a device which moves the backrest and the footrest with corresponding electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic transmissions. The partition walls hanging from the ceiling or rising from the floor between the elbow rests are possible additional parts which do not attain the essence of the invention. In the lying position, the express arch backrests can also be protective devices preventing the passenger from failing.

Eine mögliche Lösung für die gemeinsame Bewegung der Rücklehne und der Fußraste ist die folgende: Zum Sitz, der aus Rücklehne, Sitzflächc und Fußraste besteht, mindestens eine Ellbogenlehne gekoppelt wird, darin die Ellbogenlehne, die unterstützende Leiste, die Sitzflächc und der zwischen den Elibogenlehnc und Sitzfläche liegende Teil der Rücklehne mit Drehachsen ein schwenkbar zusammengebundenesA possible solution for the joint movement of the backrest and the footrest is the following: At least one elbowrest is coupled to the seat, which consists of the backrest, seat surface and footrest, therein the elbow rest, the supporting strip, the seat surface and that between the elbow armrest and Seat part of the backrest with swivel axes a swivel-bound

Parallelogramm bilden und die unterstützende Leiste mit der Fußraste eine starre Einheit bilden.Form a parallelogram and the supporting bar form a rigid unit with the footrest.

Eine folgende mögliche Ausführung der Erfindung ist wie folgt: Ein oder mehrere Sitze bilden eine Sitzreihe, Jede Sitzgruppe besteht aus mindestens zwei Sitzreihen. Die Sitzgruppe wird je nach Bedarf mindestens auf einem Verbindungvorrichtung befestigt, die zweckmäßig mit einem auf 5 dem Boden befestigten oder darin eingebauten mit Motor versehenen Bewegungsmechanismus verbunden ist.The following possible embodiment of the invention is as follows: one or more seats form a row of seats, each seating group consists of at least two rows of seats. The seating group is attached as needed to at least one connection device that suitably with one 5 is attached to the floor or incorporated therein motorized movement mechanism.

Die bevorzugten Ausführungen der Erfindung werden in den Zeichnungen dargestellt. Auf der Figur 1 wird die Sitzgruppe nach einer zweckmäßigen Ausführung der Erfindung in der .-»Uzenden Stellung dargestellt.The preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. 1 shows the seating group according to an expedient embodiment of the invention in the position.

Auf der Figur 3 wird die Sitzgruppe in die liegende Stellung aufgehoben dargestellt. Auf der Figur 2 wird eine andere zweckmäßige Ausführung der Sitzgruppe gemäß Erfindung in einer Stellung zwischen der sitzenden und liegenden Stellungen. Die mit Hebevorrichtungen versehenen Halter der Sitze hängen hier von der Decke.In Figure 3, the seating group is shown raised in the lying position. FIG. 2 shows another expedient embodiment of the seating group according to the invention in a position between the sitting and lying positions. The seat brackets with lifting devices hang from the ceiling.

Die Haltervorrichtungen von verschiedenen Typen können innerhalb einer Gruppe gemischt verwendet werden.The holder devices of different types can be used mixed within a group.

Die Beschreibung der nach Erfindung ausgeführten Sitzgruppe wird im iolgenden mit der Bezugnahme auf die lugur 1 fortgesetzt.The description of the seating group designed according to the invention is continued in the following with reference to FIG. 1.

Der Flugzeugsitz besteht aus der mit Kopfstütze versehenen Rücklehne ( 1), der Sitzflächc (3), der diese Teile verbindenden Drehachse der Rücklehne (2), der Fußraste (5), der Drehachse der Fußraste (4) und den auf der Sitziläche montierten Bewegungsmechanismen der Rücklchne bzw. der Fußraste (9, 10). Die aus mindestens einem Sitz( l l) bestehende Sitzreihe wird von mindestens einem mit mindestens einer Hebevorrichtung ( 12) versehenen Halter (6) unterstützt. Der Halter (6) wird entweder möglichst näher zur gemeinsamen Schwerlinie des Fahrgastes und des Sitzes ( 11), an der Drehachse der Rücklehne (2) oder der Ausführung entsprechend auf der günstigsten Stelle zur Sitzflächc (3) befestigt und er kann mindestens einem auf dem Boden (8) befestigten oder darin 6 eingebauten Führungsgleis (7) entlang vorwärts und rückwärts bewegt werden. Die Bewegungsmechanismen der Rücklchnc und der Fußraste (9, 10) und die im Halter (6) eingebaute Hebevorrichtung ( 12) können pneumatische, hydraulische oder elektrische Antriebe haben. Es ist auch möglich, die Rücklchnc ( 1) und die Fußraste (5) mit der motorisch angetriebenen Hebevorrichtung ( 12) durch mechanischen, elektrischen, hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Transmissionen zu bewegen. Das bei der allgemeinen Lösung beschriebene Parallelogramm kann auch für die gemeinsame Bewegung der Rücklehne ( 1) und der Fußraste (5) verwendet werden. Die Leitungen der Energieversorgung und Fernsteuerung werden hier nicht dargestellt. Die Halter (6) werden nötigenfalls auf den parallelen Führungsglcisen (7) so abgestellt, daß deren Bewegungen voneinander nicht verhindert werden.The aircraft seat consists of the backrest (1) provided with a headrest, the seat surface (3), the axis of rotation of the backrest (2) connecting these parts, the footrest (5), the axis of rotation of the footrest (4) and the movement mechanisms mounted on the seat surface the backrest or the footrest (9, 10). The row of seats consisting of at least one seat (II) is supported by at least one holder (6) provided with at least one lifting device (12). The holder (6) is either attached as close as possible to the common center of gravity of the passenger and the seat (11), on the axis of rotation of the backrest (2) or according to the design at the most convenient location to the seat surface (3) and it can be at least one on the Floor (8) attached or in it 6 built-in guide track (7) can be moved forwards and backwards. The movement mechanisms of the back and the footrest (9, 10) and the lifting device (12) built into the holder (6) can have pneumatic, hydraulic or electric drives. It is also possible to move the backrest (1) and the footrest (5) with the motor-driven lifting device (12) by mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic transmissions. The parallelogram described in the general solution can also be used for the joint movement of the backrest (1) and the footrest (5). The power supply and remote control lines are not shown here. If necessary, the holders (6) are placed on the parallel guide glasses (7) in such a way that their movements from one another are not prevented.

Die Umstellung der Sitze in Etagenbetten wird auf die Weise durchgeführt, daß z. B. zuerst wird die dritte Sitzreihe von den Hebevorrichtungen ( 12) in den Haltern (0) in die entsprechende Höhe aufgehoben, und auf die entsprechende Stelle geschoben, darunter die Rücklehnen ( 1) und die Fußrasten (5) von den Bewegungsmechanismen der Rücklchnen bzw . der Fußrasten (9, 10) nach hinten gekippt bzw. aufgeklappt, auf diese Weise die Sitze der Reihe in Betten umgestellt werden; danach wird die zweite Sitzreihe ähnlicherweise von den gemeinten Vorrichtungen in Betten umgestellt und auf ihre Stelle gelegt, zuletzt wird die erste Sitzreihe durch Kippen der Rücklehnen ( 1) und Aufklappen der Fußrasten (5) in Betten umgestellt und auf ihre Stelle geschoben. Die Zurückstellung in die Sitzreihen wird durch dieselben Operationen in der umgekehrten Reihenfolge durchgeführt. Die Steuerung der Umgestaltung in die Betten und umgekehrt wird zweckmäßig mittels einer von den Stewardessen bedienten Steueranlage durchgeführt. 7 Die Führungsgleise (7) können auf dem Boden (8), auf der Decke, auf der Seitenwand des Fahrgas träumet-, oder, falls solche existieren, die zwischen der Sitzgruppen stehenden Trennwänden befestigt, bzw. darin eingebaut werden. Die aufgehobene Sitzreihe können nötigenfalls mit hier nicht dargestellten Leitern versehen werden, damit die Fahrgäste absteigen können, um ihre Bedürfnisse zu erledigen.The change of seats in bunk beds is carried out in such a way that, for. B. First, the third row of seats is lifted to the appropriate height by the lifting devices (12) in the holders (0) and pushed to the appropriate position, including the backrests (1) and the footrests (5) by the movement mechanisms of the backrest or . the footrests (9, 10) are tilted back or opened, in this way the seats in the row can be converted into beds; then the second row of seats is similarly switched from the intended devices into beds and put in their place, lastly the first row of seats is changed into beds by tilting the backrests (1) and opening the footrests (5) and pushed into place. The return to the rows of seats is carried out by the same operations in the reverse order. The control of the transformation into beds and vice versa is expediently carried out by means of a control system operated by the stewardesses. 7 The guide tracks (7) can dream on the floor (8), on the ceiling, on the side wall of the driving gas, or, if there are any, attached or installed in the partition walls between the seating groups. The lifted row of seats can, if necessary, be provided with ladders, not shown here, so that the passengers can dismount to meet their needs.

Die hier beschriebene Anlage kann für die Umwandlung der inneren Sitzreihen der mit zwei oder mehreren Korridoren versehenen Fahrgasträumen der Flugzeuge verwendet werden. Die an den Fenstern stehenden Sitzreihen können nur in zwei Stöcke wegen der Biege der Wand bewegt werden.The system described here can be used for the conversion of the inner rows of seats of the passenger compartments of the aircraft provided with two or more corridors. The rows of seats at the windows can only be moved in two floors due to the bending of the wall.

Jeder Sitz besteht aus einer mit Kopfstütze versehenen Rücklehne ( 1), einer Sitzfläche (3), einer Drehachse der Rücklehne (2) einer Fußraste (5) und einer Drehachse der Fußraste (4), auf die Sitzlläche befestigten Bewegungsmechanismen der Rücklehne bzw. Fußraste (9, 10). Das bei der allgemeinen Lösung beschriebene Parallelogramm kann für die gemeinsame Bewegung der Rücklchnc und der Fußraste verwendet werden. Eine Sitzreihe besteht aus mindestens einem Sitz ( 11), und zwei unmittelbar hintereinander stehende Sitzreihen bilden eine Sitzgruppe. Die Sitze werden reihenweise auf einem hier nicht dargestellten Halter befestigt und die Reihe werden je nach Bedarf mindestens mit einer Verbindungsvorrichtung ( 13) verknüpft und von einer auf dem Boden (8) gebauten oder darin versenkten Bewegungsmechanismus bewegt.Each seat consists of a backrest (1) with a headrest, a seat (3), an axis of rotation of the backrest (2) of a footrest (5) and an axis of rotation of the footrest (4), movement mechanisms of the backrest or footrest attached to the seat surface (9, 10). The parallelogram described in the general solution can be used for the joint movement of the back and the footrest. A row of seats consists of at least one seat (11), and two rows of seats directly behind one another form a seating group. The seats are fastened in rows on a holder, not shown here, and the row is linked as required with at least one connecting device (13) and moved by a movement mechanism built on the floor (8) or recessed therein.

Die Umstellung der Sitze in Etagenbetten und deren Rückstellung werden durch Umdrehung der Vcrbindungsvorrichtungcn ( 13) nach hinten bzw. nach vorn durchgeführt. 8 Die hier beschriebenen Lösungen sind nur Beispiele der möglichen Ausführungen der Erfindung, der Schutz kann keineswegs auf denen beschränkt werden. Das Fachkenntnis des Konstruketurs ermöglicht, z. B. mehrere Sitzreihen von der Vcrbindungsvorrichtung ( 13) zu bewegen, oder aus den hintereinander stehenden Sitzen ( 1 1) bestehenden benachbarten Kolumnen durch den auf den senkrecht auf der Längsachse des Flugzeuges gelegten Führungsgieisen (7) bewegenden Haltern (6) aufeinander zu ordnen, diese Lösungen aber dürfen keineswegs als außer dem Schutzumfang stehenden Lösungen betrachtet werden.The conversion of the seats in bunk beds and their resetting are carried out by turning the connecting device (13) backwards or forwards. 8 The solutions described here are only examples of the possible embodiments of the invention, the protection can in no way be limited to those. The expertise of the design enables, for. B. to move several rows of seats from the connecting device (13), or to arrange adjacent columns consisting of the seats (1 1) one behind the other by the holders (6) moving on the guide rails (7) moving perpendicularly on the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, however, these solutions must in no way be regarded as solutions outside the scope of protection.

Die Vorteile der automatisch unigestaltbaren Sitzreihe sind wie folgt:The advantages of the automatically customizable row of seats are as follows:

Die Fahrgäste können während beinahe dem ganzen Zeitraum der Fahrt verhältnismäßig bequem schlafen. Der Eiπ- und Ausstieg der Fahrgäste verläuft auf traditionelle Weise. Im Notfall das Flugzeug kann innerhalb des vorgeschriebenen Zeitraumes ausgeräumt werden. Die Fassungsvermögen des Fugzeuges, d. h. die Zahl der annehmbaren Fahrgäste bleibt gleich. Werden die hier beschriebenen Ausführungsformen verwendet , ist nur eine geringe Menge der Änderungen in der Einrichtung des Fahrgastraumes nötig. Passengers can sleep relatively comfortably for almost the entire period of the journey. Passengers boarding and alighting are carried out in the traditional way. In an emergency the aircraft can be cleared within the prescribed period. The capacity of the aircraft, i.e. H. the number of acceptable passengers remains the same. If the embodiments described here are used, only a small amount of changes in the interior of the passenger compartment are necessary.

Claims

9 Patentansprüche 9 claims 1. Eine sich in Etagenbetten automatisch umbildende1. An automatically transforming itself in bunk beds Sitzgruppe insbesondere für Flugzeuge, die mindestens aus zwei, z eckmäßig aus drei hintereinander stehenden Sitzreihen, darin jede Sitzreihe aus mindestens einem oder mehreren nebeneinander stehenden Sitzen (1 1) besteht, jeder Sitz (l i) besteht aus einer mit Kopfstütze versehenen kippbaren Rücklehne (1), einer Sitzfläche (3) und einer von unten der Sitzlläche aufklappbaren Fußraste (5), die diesen Teile verbindenden Drehachse der Rücklchnc (2) undSeating group, especially for airplanes, which has at least two rows of three rows of seats, each row of seats consisting of at least one or more adjacent seats (1 1), each seat (left) consists of a tiltable backrest (1 ), a seat (3) and a footrest (5) that can be opened from below of the seat surface, the axis of rotation of the rear link (2) connecting these parts and Drehachse der Fußraste (4), die nebeneinander stehenden Sitze können reihenweise oder die hintereinander stehenden Sitzen können kolumncnweise nach Bedarf auf einem oder mehreren Haltern (6) befestigt werden, die Halter (6) sind entweder möglichst nah zur gemeinsamenThe axis of rotation of the footrest (4), the seats next to each other can be attached in rows or the seats one behind the other can be attached to one or more brackets (6) as required, the brackets (6) are either as close as possible to the common one Schwerlinie des Sitzes und des Fahrgastes oder an der Drehachse der Rücklchnc (2) oder der Lösung nach an der günstigsten Stelle mit den Sitzen verknüpft, damit gekennzeichnet, daß die Drehachse der Rücklehne (2) und die Drehachse der Fußraste (4 ) mit mechanisch angetriebenen Bewegungsmechanismen (9, 10) verseilen sind oder die Rücklehne ( 1) und die Fußraste mit einem Bewegungsmechanismus und Getriebe betätigt werden, der Halter (6) mit einer motorisch angetriebenen Hebevorrichtung ( 12 ) versehen ist, die HebevorrichtungenCenter of gravity of the seat and the passenger or on the axis of rotation of the back (2) or the solution linked to the seats at the most convenient location, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the backrest (2) and the axis of rotation of the footrest (4) are mechanically driven Movement mechanisms (9, 10) are stranded or the backrest (1) and the footrest are operated with a movement mechanism and gear, the holder (6) is provided with a motor-driven lifting device (12), the lifting devices (12) mit mechanischen Antrieb bewegbar auf Führungsgleise (7) montiert werden oder die nebeneinander stehenden Halter (b) auf mindestens einer Verbmduiigsvorriclitur g ( 13) befestigt und durch Bewegungsmechanismus (14 ) bewegt werden, und die(12) with mechanical drive movably mounted on guide rails (7) or the juxtaposed holder (b) on at least one verbmduiigsvorriclitur g (13) and moved by movement mechanism (14), and the Bewegungsmechanismen (9, 10, 14) bzw. die 10 Hebevorrichtungen ( 12) mit einer geeigneten Steuerungsanlage verbunden sind.Movement mechanisms (9, 10, 14) or the 10 lifting devices (12) are connected to a suitable control system. 2. Die sich automatisch umbildende Sitzgruppe nach Anspruch 1 , damit gekennzeichnet, daß die Bcwegungsmechanismcn (9, 10) der Rücklchnc ( 1) und der2. The automatically changing seating group according to claim 1, characterized in that the Bcwegungsmechanismcn (9, 10) of the back (1) and Fußraste (5) zweckmäßig durch die m den Haltern (bj eingebaute Hebevorrichtung ( 12) angetriebenen elektrischen, pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Gcti iebe sind, oder die miteinander und mit deii Drehachsen (2, -1 ) schwenkbar verbundenen Elibogcnlehne, die Sitzlläche (3), der zwischen den Elibogcnlehne und Sitzflächc hegende Teil der Rücklchnc ( 1) und die die Elibogcnlehne unterstützende Leiste ein Parallelogramm, und die Fußraste mit der die Elibogcnlehne unterstützende Leiste eine starre Einheit bilden.The footrest (5) is expediently driven by the electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic actuators driven by the holders (bj built-in lifting device (12), or by the elastic armrest, the seat surface (3), which is pivotally connected to one another and to the axes of rotation (2, -1). the part of the back (1) between the elibogrest and the seat surface and the bar supporting the elibogrest form a parallelogram, and the footrest with the bar supporting the elibogrest form a rigid unit. 3. Die sich automatisch umbildende Sitzgruppe nach den Ansprüchen i und 2, damit gekennzeichnet, jede Hebevorrichtung ( 12) die Länge ändern und eine einzelne oder gesteuerte Bewegung entlang dem auf dem Boden, der Decke, der Seitenwand des Fahrgastraumes oder auf den zwischen der Sitzgruppen stehenden Mittelwänden, falls existieren, befestigten oder darin eingebauten mindestens einen Führungsgleis (7) leisten kann, und die Bewegung der Halter (6) mit den Sitzreihen voneinander nicht verhindert sind.3. The automatically changing seating group according to claims i and 2, characterized in that each lifting device (12) change the length and a single or controlled movement along the floor, ceiling, side wall of the passenger compartment or on between the seating groups standing middle walls, if existed, fastened or built into at least one guide track (7), and the movement of the holders (6) with the rows of seats from one another are not prevented. 4. Die sich automatisch umbildende Sitzgruppe nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, damit gekennzeichnet, daß mit Hebevorrichtungen ( 12) von verschiedenen Typen versehene Halter (6) gemischt innerhalb einer Sitzgruppe verwendet werden können. 11 5. Die sich automatisch umbildende Sitzgruppe nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis , damit, gekennzeichnet, daß die Bewegungsmechanismen (9, 10) der Drehachsen (2,4) der Rücklehne ( 1) und der Fußraste (5) zweckmäßig die von der im Halter (6) eingebauten Hebevorrichtung ( 12) angetriebenen mechanischen, elektrischen, pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Transmissionen sind, und Hebevorrichtungen von verschiedenen Antrieben innerhalb einer Sitzgruppe verwendet werden können. 6. Die sich automatisch umbildende Sitzgruppe nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, damit gekennzeichnet, daß die Steue ungsanlage elektrisch, pneumatisch, hydraulisch oder elektronisch mit oder ohne Leitung betätigt werden kann. 4. The automatically changing seating group according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that with lifting devices (12) of different types provided holder (6) can be used mixed within a seating group. 11 5. The automatically reforming seating group according to claims 1 to, characterized in that the movement mechanisms (9, 10) of the axes of rotation (2,4) of the backrest (1) and the footrest (5) expediently that of the in the holder (6) built-in lifting device (12) driven mechanical, electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic transmissions, and lifting devices of various drives can be used within a seating group. 6. The automatically changing seating group according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the control system can be operated electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically or electronically with or without a line.
PCT/HU1999/000007 1998-02-02 1999-01-28 Sleep lift system, a seat group which automatically transforms into tiered beds, especially for airplanes Ceased WO1999038772A1 (en)

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HU9800184A HUP9800184A1 (en) 1998-02-02 1998-02-02 Automatically convertible seat or seat set particularly for aeroplanes
HUP9800184 1998-02-02

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WO2000010833A1 (en) * 1998-08-22 2000-03-02 Pal Zoltan Seat-operating system
US7232094B2 (en) 2002-03-05 2007-06-19 Bishop Gmbh Method and device for adapting the seat row arrangement in passenger planes according to need
CN102463913A (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-23 上海圣济国际贸易有限公司 Chair bed special for transport
CN103419691A (en) * 2012-05-25 2013-12-04 李宛豫 Flip footrest
US20150151652A1 (en) * 2013-11-29 2015-06-04 Eads Sogerma Passenger seat having a bucket seat structure and adjustable position
CN105539226A (en) * 2016-01-05 2016-05-04 湖南中成机械有限公司 Multifunctional seat and vehicle
WO2018184660A1 (en) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-11 Adient Us Llc A seat for a vehicle
NL2023894B1 (en) 2019-09-25 2021-04-13 Univ Delft Tech Convertible passenger accommodation unit for use in a vehicle, in particular an aircraft

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US2775996A (en) * 1952-09-16 1957-01-01 Millar David Tulledge Sleeping chair-unit
DE1223705B (en) 1959-04-17 1966-08-25 Georg Hoeltl Vehicle structure, especially for touring buses or trailers of such buses, with sleeping cabins
DE3603404A1 (en) * 1986-02-05 1987-08-06 Bernhard Doebele Sitting and lying furniture system
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000010833A1 (en) * 1998-08-22 2000-03-02 Pal Zoltan Seat-operating system
US7232094B2 (en) 2002-03-05 2007-06-19 Bishop Gmbh Method and device for adapting the seat row arrangement in passenger planes according to need
CN102463913A (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-23 上海圣济国际贸易有限公司 Chair bed special for transport
CN103419691A (en) * 2012-05-25 2013-12-04 李宛豫 Flip footrest
US20150151652A1 (en) * 2013-11-29 2015-06-04 Eads Sogerma Passenger seat having a bucket seat structure and adjustable position
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CN105539226A (en) * 2016-01-05 2016-05-04 湖南中成机械有限公司 Multifunctional seat and vehicle
WO2018184660A1 (en) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-11 Adient Us Llc A seat for a vehicle
NL2023894B1 (en) 2019-09-25 2021-04-13 Univ Delft Tech Convertible passenger accommodation unit for use in a vehicle, in particular an aircraft

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2293099A (en) 1999-08-16
HUP9800184A1 (en) 2000-04-28
HU9800184D0 (en) 1998-03-30

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