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WO1999037465A1 - Dispositif et procedes de thermoformage de deux feuilles - Google Patents

Dispositif et procedes de thermoformage de deux feuilles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999037465A1
WO1999037465A1 PCT/NZ1999/000006 NZ9900006W WO9937465A1 WO 1999037465 A1 WO1999037465 A1 WO 1999037465A1 NZ 9900006 W NZ9900006 W NZ 9900006W WO 9937465 A1 WO9937465 A1 WO 9937465A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mould
pinch
region
twin sheet
sheet thermoforming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NZ1999/000006
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stewart Vaughan
Christopher Jason Hill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fisher and Paykel Appliances Ltd
Original Assignee
Fisher and Paykel Appliances Ltd
Fisher and Paykel Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fisher and Paykel Appliances Ltd, Fisher and Paykel Ltd filed Critical Fisher and Paykel Appliances Ltd
Priority to CA002318933A priority Critical patent/CA2318933A1/fr
Priority to EP99901251A priority patent/EP1047538A4/fr
Priority to BR9907185-1A priority patent/BR9907185A/pt
Priority to JP2000528419A priority patent/JP2002500968A/ja
Priority to KR1020007007926A priority patent/KR20010034248A/ko
Priority to NZ505803A priority patent/NZ505803A/xx
Priority to AU20789/99A priority patent/AU752661B2/en
Publication of WO1999037465A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999037465A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/328Leaving the burrs unchanged for providing particular properties to the joint, e.g. as decorative effect
    • B29C66/3282Leaving the burrs unchanged for providing particular properties to the joint, e.g. as decorative effect for reinforcing the joint
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/30Moulds
    • B29C51/32Moulds having cutting means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48Moulds
    • B29C49/50Moulds having cutting or deflashing means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/266Auxiliary operations after the thermoforming operation
    • B29C51/267Two sheets being thermoformed in separate mould parts and joined together while still in the mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431Joining the articles to themselves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B29C66/43121Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles, e.g. closing the ends of bags
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06905Using combined techniques for making the preform
    • B29C49/0691Using combined techniques for making the preform using sheet like material, e.g. sheet blow-moulding from joined sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined

Definitions

  • This invention relates apparatus and methods for twin sheet thermoforming and in particular to improved methods and apparatus for removing seams from formed articles.
  • Twin sheet thermoforming is increasingly proposed for the formation of large articles, in applications such as refrigerator cabinets, and other appliance cabinets have been envisaged, for example in US Patent 5,374,1 18.
  • the removal of the seam and the flange may be accomplished in the mould cavity by an independently actuated knife positioned in a channel in one mould half immediately adjacent the mould cavity.
  • a part thermoformed and trimmed in this manner inevitably has less strength at the weld as there is no pinch-off region on the mould halves adjacent the mould cavity, and consequently the weld (if the flange is trimmed right up against the part to eliminate further processing) is weak.
  • the invention consists in a mould for twin sheet thermoforming wherein one of the mould halves includes a retractable pinch-off region, which is able to retract relative to the remainder of said mould half upon application of a force thereto greater than a predetermined force, such that the remainder of the mould half may cooperate with the second mould, on further closing, half to shear off the seam of a thermoformed article.
  • the invention consists in a mould for twin sheet thermoforming including a pinch-off region substantially as herein described in accordance with and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
  • the invention consists in a method for producing a pre-trimmed twin sheet thermoformed article wherein a pair of mould halves are brought together to join respective sheets in a pinch-off region, and to cause significant thickness reduction in the pinch-off region, and subsequently causing the pinch-off region of one said mould half to retract relative to the rest of said mould half, to thereby allow said mould halves to close further, and closing said mould halves further to cooperate to cut off the seam of the thermoformed article.
  • the invention consists in a method for producing a pre-trimmed twin sheet thermoformed article substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
  • the invention consists in an article formed by method and/or apparatus according to any one of the preceding paragraphs.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional elevation through one side of a twin sheet thermoforming mould according to the present invention
  • Figures 2a - 2c are close up views of the pinch-off region of the mould of Figure 1 , including the region encircled by circle A, in different stages of the trimming process, in Figure 2a with the part formed but the seam not yet compressed, in Figure 2b with the seam compressed to provide weld reinforcement, and in Figure 2c with the upper mould half depressing the pinch off member of the lower mould half to shear the seam from the part, and
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional elevation through the edge region of a mould half showing detail of one embodiment of the pinch off member and its retention in the mould half.
  • thermoforming mould that area of a thermoforming mould is shown in cross-section where the joining of the twin sheets occurs at a pinch-off region 1.
  • twin sheets which are initially planar and parallel and mounted for example on supporting frame 2 are formed and joined by the action of the mould halves 3, 4 in the direction of arrows 5, 6 and assisted by suction in the mould cavity or internal pressure between the sheets or both.
  • the mould halves 3, 4 are brought together, stretching and forming the sheets 7, 8 until the sheets meet at the pinch-off region and contact at a seam 19 where they pass over the pinch off region of each mould half.
  • the mould halves 3 and 4 include complementary surfaces 10 and 11 respectively in the pinch-off region. Referring to Figure 2b the mould halves are brought further together to reduce the thickness of the contacted region of sheets 7 and 8 to a thickness substantially less than the combined thickness of the undeformed sheets. Material is thereby forced from the pinch-off region to form an internal reinforcement 12.
  • one mould half, 4 incorporates a pinch-off region which is moveable relative to the remainder of that mould half in a direction away from the direction of travel of that mould half.
  • a pinch-off member 13 is disposed within a channel 14 in the mould half and - 4 - is held in its usual position by a spring 15 which is preferably pre-compressed so that a particular level of force against the member 13 must be applied before it will retract into the cavity 14.
  • a pre-compressed spring there are many alternatives to the use of a pre-compressed spring. If a spring is used then, rather than being pre-compressed, an appropriate effect can be achieved using a spring of sufficiently high stiffness, or by separately retaining the spring against movement until reduced thickness has been achieved.
  • hydraulic or pneumatic systems may be utilised either in a full sealed cavity configuration or with hydraulic or pneumatic actuators, which may make use of automated pressure relief valves, or valves activated in a separately controlled manner once the reduced thickness is reached.
  • electrical or mechanical activation systems are also possible operating on a release and return basis.
  • the mould halves should be subject to a minimum horizontal tolerance to give an accurate maximum separation 21 between the faces 17 and 18. Ideally this separation would be non-existant, however in practice bringing the mould halves together without clashing between the edges 30, 31 of the mould halves requires provision of a small tolerance.
  • the pinch-off member 13 is subject to continued force from the spring 15, and is retained in the cavity against such spring force by a retaining means comprising in the embodiment depicted the action of an abutment 22 depending horizontally from the lower edge of member 13, against a ledge 23 provided in the channel 14. Assembly of the mould half in this manner may be easily provided by the inclusion of a sheath part 25 in the overall assembly.
  • the pinch-off member may include two or more slotted apertures extending laterally there through, with dowels passing through the apertures and secured to the mould so that the pinch-off member may move up and down with the dowels moving within the slots, and with the movement of the pinch-off member being restricted by the action of the dowels against the slot ends.
  • This configuration may allow for a more compact mould assembly method with machinery of a simple rectangular channel to retain the pinch-off member.
  • the present invention thereby provides thermoforming mould apparatus of - 6 - simple form and actuation which allows both significant material displacement in the pinch-off region, and an effective and aesthetic cut-off or trimming of the formed article, without the use of separate knife actuation or other independently actuated parts.
  • the forming and trimming of the part is accomplished in one action, leaving the part ready for removal, or for example foam filling while still in the mould.
  • the requirement for manual part trimming or a separate automated trimming station (with its associated alignment and part set-up operations) is eliminated while the weld reinforcement is retained.
  • the level of material displacement achieved can be controlled by adjustment of the force provided by spring 15, and its pre-compression.
  • means may be provided whereby the member 13 is rigidly forced backwards when the required thickness is achieved, in which case the spring 15 may be suddenly left in an over-compressed state.
  • Such means may comprise for example a plurality of pimples or ridges 28 on the top surface of the member 13, which act against the face 10 of the other mould half, penetrating or substantially penetrating the material being formed.
  • the pimples or ridges or the like could also of course be disposed on the pinch-off surface 10 of the other mould half 3, or on both faces 10 and 11.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé servant à réaliser le thermoformage de deux feuilles et consistant à enlever le joint (1) entre les feuilles (7, 8) depuis la pièce finie au moyen d'une action de cisaillement entre les bords coopérants des moitiés de moule (3, 4). Dans le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, une moitié de moule (4) est pourvue d'une zone de pincement mobile (13) qui se rétracte sous l'effet d'une pression depuis l'autre moitié de moule (3), de façon à laisser un bord de ladite moitié de moule (4) contigu à la cavité de moulage et coopérant avec un bord de la cavité de l'autre moitié de moule (3), ce qui permet de produire l'action de cisaillement. Cette zone mobile peut être constituée par un élément de pincement (13) supporté dans un canal annulaire (14) par un ressort précomprimé (15). L'invention permet d'obtenir un déplacement important du matériau dans la zone du joint, ce qui sert à renforcer la soudure et à enlever le joint de la pièce finie à l'intérieur du moule en une seule étape.
PCT/NZ1999/000006 1998-01-21 1999-01-21 Dispositif et procedes de thermoformage de deux feuilles Ceased WO1999037465A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002318933A CA2318933A1 (fr) 1998-01-21 1999-01-21 Dispositif et procedes de thermoformage de deux feuilles
EP99901251A EP1047538A4 (fr) 1998-01-21 1999-01-21 Dispositif et procedes de thermoformage de deux feuilles
BR9907185-1A BR9907185A (pt) 1998-01-21 1999-01-21 "aparelhos e método para a termoformação de folha dupla"
JP2000528419A JP2002500968A (ja) 1998-01-21 1999-01-21 一対のシートを熱成形する装置と方法
KR1020007007926A KR20010034248A (ko) 1998-01-21 1999-01-21 두 개의 시트를 열성형하기 위한 장치 및 방법
NZ505803A NZ505803A (en) 1998-01-21 1999-01-21 Twin sheet thermoforming mould having one mould half with a retractable pinch off region to assist in shearing off the seam of a thermoformed article
AU20789/99A AU752661B2 (en) 1998-01-21 1999-01-21 Apparatus and methods for twin sheet thermoforming

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ32961498 1998-01-21
NZ329614 1998-01-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999037465A1 true WO1999037465A1 (fr) 1999-07-29

Family

ID=19926596

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NZ1999/000006 Ceased WO1999037465A1 (fr) 1998-01-21 1999-01-21 Dispositif et procedes de thermoformage de deux feuilles

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1047538A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002500968A (fr)
KR (1) KR20010034248A (fr)
CN (1) CN1288408A (fr)
AU (1) AU752661B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9907185A (fr)
CA (1) CA2318933A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW564304B (fr)
WO (1) WO1999037465A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6582681B1 (en) * 1998-08-17 2003-06-24 Mediteam Dentalutveckling I Goteborg Ab Method and a preparation for cleaning tooth root surfaces and surrounding tissue
US6896506B1 (en) 2002-09-04 2005-05-24 Coextruded Plastic Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for scrapless thermoforming
US7481640B1 (en) 2005-02-23 2009-01-27 Coextruded Plastic Technologies, Inc. Scrapless thermoforming machine
ITMO20090069A1 (it) * 2009-03-24 2010-09-25 Sarong Spa Apparato di termoformatura
WO2010109393A1 (fr) * 2009-03-24 2010-09-30 Sarong Societa' Per Azioni Appareil et procédé pour thermoformer des objets et objets ainsi obtenus
DE102014007375B4 (de) * 2014-05-21 2016-09-01 Illig Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Formen und Verschweißen von zwei erwärmten Platten oder zwei erwärmten Folienbahnabschnitten aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101380812B (zh) * 2007-09-07 2011-09-28 深圳市群达行精密模具有限公司 制造薄膜片材的成形及冲切模具及薄膜片材制造方法
CN110978465B (zh) * 2020-01-08 2024-08-27 广东达诚技术股份有限公司 一种热成型夹脚杯夹角结构

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0089444A1 (fr) * 1982-03-19 1983-09-28 ITT Reiss International GmbH Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'objets en matière plastique
EP0529367A1 (fr) * 1991-08-27 1993-03-03 Ball Corporation Procédé et dispositif de formage en phase visqueuse et de découpage en place

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3736201A (en) * 1970-11-19 1973-05-29 S Teraoka Method for molding bowl-shaped articles

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0089444A1 (fr) * 1982-03-19 1983-09-28 ITT Reiss International GmbH Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'objets en matière plastique
EP0529367A1 (fr) * 1991-08-27 1993-03-03 Ball Corporation Procédé et dispositif de formage en phase visqueuse et de découpage en place

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP1047538A4 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6582681B1 (en) * 1998-08-17 2003-06-24 Mediteam Dentalutveckling I Goteborg Ab Method and a preparation for cleaning tooth root surfaces and surrounding tissue
US6896506B1 (en) 2002-09-04 2005-05-24 Coextruded Plastic Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for scrapless thermoforming
US7481640B1 (en) 2005-02-23 2009-01-27 Coextruded Plastic Technologies, Inc. Scrapless thermoforming machine
ITMO20090069A1 (it) * 2009-03-24 2010-09-25 Sarong Spa Apparato di termoformatura
WO2010109393A1 (fr) * 2009-03-24 2010-09-30 Sarong Societa' Per Azioni Appareil et procédé pour thermoformer des objets et objets ainsi obtenus
EP2708346A3 (fr) * 2009-03-24 2014-09-10 Sarong Societa' Per Azioni Appareil de thermoformage d'objets
DE102014007375B4 (de) * 2014-05-21 2016-09-01 Illig Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Formen und Verschweißen von zwei erwärmten Platten oder zwei erwärmten Folienbahnabschnitten aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2002500968A (ja) 2002-01-15
EP1047538A1 (fr) 2000-11-02
TW564304B (en) 2003-12-01
BR9907185A (pt) 2000-10-17
AU752661B2 (en) 2002-09-26
CA2318933A1 (fr) 1999-07-29
AU2078999A (en) 1999-08-09
KR20010034248A (ko) 2001-04-25
EP1047538A4 (fr) 2003-05-07
CN1288408A (zh) 2001-03-21

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