WO1999036165A1 - Procede de generation et de mise en circulation d'une mousse dans une installation et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede - Google Patents
Procede de generation et de mise en circulation d'une mousse dans une installation et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999036165A1 WO1999036165A1 PCT/FR1999/000075 FR9900075W WO9936165A1 WO 1999036165 A1 WO1999036165 A1 WO 1999036165A1 FR 9900075 W FR9900075 W FR 9900075W WO 9936165 A1 WO9936165 A1 WO 9936165A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- installation
- liquid phase
- liquid
- enclosure
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/235—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids for making foam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
- B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
- B01F25/4524—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through foam-like inserts or through a bed of loose bodies, e.g. balls
- B01F25/45241—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through foam-like inserts or through a bed of loose bodies, e.g. balls through a bed of balls
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for generating a foam from a liquid phase and a gaseous phase, to a method for circulating a foam in an installation and to a method for cleaning an installation by circulation of a foam.
- the invention also relates to a device for generating a foam and to a device for generating and circulating a foam in an installation.
- the method of the invention can be useful for example in a method of cleaning and / or decontaminating an installation with foam.
- the cleaning and / or decontamination processes in the liquid phase of a large volume installation having for example a complex internal geometry generate large volumes of effluent.
- the use of a foam, containing one or more cleaning and / or decontamination reagents allows a significant reduction in the volumes of effluents generated.
- the cleaning and / or decontamination of an installation is carried out by injecting the foam inside the installation to be cleaned and / or decontaminated and sometimes by circulating the foam in these installations.
- the process of the invention is particularly advantageous for cleaning and / or decontaminating installations operating under vacuum, such as a pneumatic transport network for samples intended for analyzes, a ventilation circuit or a pipe, having undergone a radioactive contamination.
- the generation of foam is generally carried out by mechanical agitation of a liquid, by sudden expansion of a gas dissolved in a liquid, or by injection of gas and liquid under pressure at the inlet of a static porous medium.
- patent application EP-A-0 526 305 describes on the one hand a process for the preparation of a foam consisting in passing a gas under pressure through a sintered plate in the presence of a solution, the solution and the gases being suitable for forming a foam.
- the document cited above also describes a method of cleaning an installation in which the foam is propelled into the installation by the pressure of the gas used to generate the foam. The flow of gas and liquid are fixed to generate the foam, at the inlet of the installation, regardless of the characteristics of said installation to be cleaned.
- the process for preparing a foam and cleaning an installation described in this document are not suitable for cleaning sensitive installations, in particular installations for which pressure above atmospheric pressure is prohibited.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for generating a foam from a liquid phase and from a gaseous phase making it possible to generate a homogeneous foam, having little or no air pockets.
- the method of the invention is characterized in that it comprises a step consisting in generating the foam by aspiration of the liquid phase and the gaseous phase through a porous lining.
- the principle of the process of the invention consists in no longer injecting liquid and gaseous phases under pressure into the porous lining, but in draining them through the pores or interstices of the lining, by establishing a constant depression downstream of this lining.
- the gas phase and the liquid phase are sucked simultaneously through the packing under the effect of vacuum.
- the porous lining therefore acts as a contactor between the gas phase and the liquid phase.
- the gas phase-liquid phase mixture is produced in the porous lining in which there is creation of interfaces and therefore of foam.
- the energy required for mixing and creating interfaces is provided by the flow of the liquid and gaseous phases in the lining under the effect of the vacuum.
- various variables involved in the generation process presented above are the composition chemical of the liquid phase, also called foaming solution, the flow of liquid phase arriving in contact with the porous lining, the flow of gas phase driven by the suction, the geometry of the porous lining placed in an enclosure, and the geometry of said enclosure .
- the chemical composition of the foaming solution is chosen according to the use for which the foam generated is intended.
- the foam may for example be a cleaning foam, and / or decontamination of an installation, and / or a degreasing foam, a rinsing foam, a foam intended to apply a film having properties, for example surfactants or bactericides.
- the quality of the foam can be defined for example by a lifetime, by a humidity level, or by its expansion.
- the life of a foam can be defined as the time necessary for the total transformation of a given volume of foam into liquid and gas.
- the moisture content of a foam can be defined by the ratio of the volume of liquid phase to the volume of foam.
- the expansion F of a foam is defined under normal conditions of temperature and pressure by the following relation (1):
- V mousS e the volume of the foam.
- a constant quality foam will have a constant expansion.
- the foams prepared by the methods of the prior art have an expansion of the order of 10 to 15.
- the expansion also provides an order of magnitude of the value of the reduction in the volume of liquid effluents generated, for example, when foam is used to clean an installation.
- the expansion also makes it possible to evaluate the quantity of air pockets present in the foam, and therefore to evaluate the quality of this foam.
- the liquid phase may comprise, in addition to at least one foaming surfactant conventionally used to generate a foam, at least one stabilizing or destabilizing agent for a foam making it possible to modify the life of the foam and its moisture content, and / or at least one cleaning agent and / or at least one decontamination agent and / or at least one degreasing agent for an installation.
- the liquid phase can be an aqueous solution of at least one surfactant and at least one agent for destabilizing the foam.
- the constituents of the liquid phase in particular the agent for destabilizing the foam, and their quantity are chosen so as to obtain a lifetime of the foam 15 to 30 minutes and a humidity level of 2 to 20%.
- Examples of liquid phases suitable for implementing the process of the invention are described in EP-A-0 526 305.
- the destabilizing agent can be an organic compound which destabilizes the foam by acting on the dynamic surface tension, for example an alcohol preferably having a boiling point slightly higher than that of water, for example a boiling point from 110 ° C to 130 ° C.
- a secondary alcohol of C5 or C6 is used such as pentanol-2.
- the amount of destabilizing agents represents from 0.2 to 1% by weight of the liquid phase.
- the decontamination reagent can consist of the reagents usually used in wet decontamination processes.
- reagents consisting of inorganic or organic acids or bases
- Organic reagents such as citric and oxalic acids can also be used.
- basic reagents mention may be made of NAOH, KOH and their mixtures, to which it is possible to add, for example, oxidants such as H 2 0 2 or the permanganate ion.
- their concentration in the liquid phase can range, for example, up to 10 mol.l "1
- concentration can range for example up to 5 mol.l -1 .
- a viscous compound such as polyethylene glycol, for example mass polyethylene glycol, is preferably added to the liquid phase.
- polyethylene glycol for example mass polyethylene glycol
- sulfuric acid accelerates a phenomenon of direct decantation of the liquid phase through the interface separating the gas bubbles from the foam, but the latter can be slowed down by means of this viscous compound.
- the liquid phase of the foam also comprises at least one surfactant promoting the formation of the foam, preferably two surfactants are used, constituted respectively by a betaine in particular a sulfobetaine and by an alkyl ether of oligosaccharide.
- the combination of these two surfactants is interesting because it remains a surfactant regardless of the pH and is therefore suitable both in a neutral medium, for example for rinsing an installation, and in an acidic or basic medium. ie with acidic or basic decontamination reagents.
- the concentration of betaine is from 0.2 to 0.5% by weight and the concentration of alkyl ether of oligosaccharide is from 0.3 to 1% by weight.
- a sulfobetaine such as that sold by the Company SEPPIC under the trade name AMONYL (registered trademark).
- AMONYL registered trademark
- an oligosaccharide alkyl ether which can be used as a second surfactant mention may be made of that sold by the company SEPPIC under the trade name ORAMIX CG110 (registered trademark), and that sold by the company ROHM and HASS under the trade name of TRITON CG60 (registered trademark).
- the contents of surfactants, and / or stabilizing or destabilizing agents are chosen as a function of the life of the foam which it is desired to obtain.
- the contents of decontamination and / or cleaning reagents are chosen according to the nature of the objects to be decontaminated and / or to be cleaned as well as the type and the degree of decontamination and / or cleaning desired.
- liquid phase of a foam for example a rinsing foam
- a rinsing foam which can be used according to the method of the invention can consist of an aqueous solution comprising:
- alkyl oligosaccharide ether from 0.3 to 1% by weight of alkyl oligosaccharide ether, and optionally
- liquid phase of a foam, for example of decontamination usable according to the invention can consist of an aqueous solution comprising:
- liquid phase of a foam for example degreasing, which can be used according to the invention can consist of an aqueous solution comprising:
- Another variable involved in the quality of the foam generated according to the method of the invention is the flow rate of the liquid phase arriving in contact with the porous lining.
- This flow rate can be set using a metering pump.
- the flow rate of the liquid phase is adjusted as a function of the flow rate of the gas phase and the suction of the liquid and gas phases through the porous lining.
- the flow rate of the liquid phase must also be adjusted as a function of the porous lining, in particular the size of the pores of this lining.
- the quality of the foam may also depend on the manner in which the liquid comes into contact with the porous lining; in fact, by promoting the creation of a coarse foam as soon as it comes into contact with the porous lining, the quality of the foam generated is increased. There is therefore an influence of the method of spraying the liquid on the surface of the lining which can moreover lead to a more or less homogeneous distribution of the latter.
- the arrival of the liquid phase in contact with the lining can be achieved for example by means of a spray nozzle, or alternatively by interposing a grid between the arrival of the liquid phase in the enclosure and the porous lining, that is to say above the porous lining.
- Another variable involved in the quality of the foam generated is the depression downstream of the porous lining, this depression causing the suction of the liquid and gaseous phases through the porous lining.
- the value of the flow rate of foam generated is a function of this depression downstream of the porous lining.
- the vacuum chosen should take into account the pressure loss in the porous lining. For this reason, it is possible to control the flow rate of foam at the outlet of the porous lining using a flow meter, and the value of this flow rate can be adjusted by means of a vacuum regulation system.
- This packing can be any medium offering a passage allowing a flow of the liquid phase and the gaseous phase through the porous packing in order to ensure their mixing.
- the openings of the pores of the porous lining can preferably be uniformly distributed in the volume of the lining, these openings will preferably be of small size, for example from 100 ⁇ m to a few mm, in order to favor the mixing of the gaseous phase and the phase liquid and avoid the appearance of air pockets in the foam.
- too small pores can cause significant pressure losses.
- the porous lining can be, as desired, a stack of metal grids, a fabric knitted synthetic of the FORAFLON (registered trademark) type, sand, diatomites or perlites, calibrated solid balls, or any other material having adequate interstices to generate a foam.
- calibrated beads are used, for example calibrated glass beads.
- the value of the pressure loss in the porous medium can thus be precisely and reproducibly controlled by the thickness of the bed of beads and the diameter of the beads.
- a bed of calibrated glass beads we can initially base our on two classical relations valid for incompressible, homogeneous and Newtonian fluids.
- ⁇ P P1-P2 and P1> P2.
- the factor B expressed in m 2 is called permeability. This factor is characteristic of the porous medium and depends on its geometry.
- the KOZENY-CARMAN model makes it possible to calculate the permeability B of a porous medium made up of calibrated spheres.
- the mathematical expression of this model will not be detailed here. It will be noted that in the case of an incompressible Newtonian fluid, the permeability is inversely proportional to the square of the diameter of the spheres constituting the bed.
- the depression downstream of the porous lining can be 5 ⁇ 10 3 to 80 ⁇ 10 3 Pa, preferably 30 ⁇ 10 3 to 60 ⁇ 10 3 Pa.
- the enclosure may be covered by means of a cover having at least one opening allowing the entry of the gas chosen for the preparation of the foam, or else be open in the case where the gas used to generate the foam is Ambiant air.
- the flow rate of the foam at the outlet of the porous lining will therefore also depend on the geometry of the enclosure.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to generate foams having an expansion of 5 to 40.
- the gas phase for implementing the process of the invention can be air, nitrogen, oxygen, a neutral gas such as argon or helium which can be employed alone or in combination.
- the invention also relates to a method of circulating a foam in an installation comprising a step consisting in generating a foam by aspiration of a suitable liquid phase and of a gaseous phase through a porous packing at the level of a first end of the installation in such a way that the foam generated is introduced into said installation and flows through it to a second end of the installation, the suction being carried out by creating a vacuum in said installation from said second end.
- the vacuum created in the installation from said second end is at the origin of the aspiration of the liquid and gaseous phases through the porous lining, then of the circulation of the foam in the installation. .
- this method of circulating a foam in an installation can be applied to a method of cleaning an installation with a cleaning foam.
- the liquid phase then comprises one or more cleaning agents.
- the liquid phase can also comprise a degreasing agent.
- the cleaning foam can also be a decontaminating foam, which then comprises one or more decontaminating agents.
- decontaminating agents can for example be radioactive or bacterial decontaminating agents depending on the installation to be cleaned.
- the foam can be received in a receiving tank, from the second end of the enclosure, and destabilized naturally, chemically and / or mechanically. Natural destabilization is carried out by the use of a foam having a limited lifespan, chemical destabilization is carried out by adding to the foam, in this receiving tank a destabilizing agent mentioned previously, and mechanical destabilization can be carried out for example by means of an ultrasonic generator, a centrifuge or a fin turbine.
- the method may further comprise the steps consisting in collecting the foam from the second end of the installation, in destabilizing the collected foam from so as to obtain a liquid, and to use at least part of said liquid as the liquid phase to generate the foam circulated in said installation.
- This embodiment can also be called recycling mode.
- the liquid can be purified before being used as the liquid phase for generating the foam.
- the purpose of this purification is, for example, in the case of cleaning and / or decontamination processes of an installation to eliminate waste entrained by the circulation of the foam in the installation. This purification can be carried out, for example, by means of suitable filters.
- the invention also relates to a device for generating a foam for implementing the method of the invention.
- This device includes:
- an enclosure comprising at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening, - a porous lining disposed between the inlet and outlet openings of the enclosure,
- the enclosure can have any shape, for example circular, and is made of a material which can be chosen according to the porous lining, the liquid phase, and the gas phase used, and according to the vacuum applied to generate foam. This enclosure is preferably sealed.
- the enclosure can be "open sky".
- the porous lining which can be used is described above.
- the means for introducing into said enclosure by at least one opening for entering a liquid phase may for example comprise a metering pump making it possible to introduce the liquid phase into the enclosure, this pump possibly being provided with a means of flow measurement of this liquid phase, for example a flow meter.
- This pump can be connected to a tank for preparing and storing the liquid phase.
- a spray nozzle or a grid can be used, preferably a spray nozzle. This nozzle or grid, in ensuring good distribution of the liquid, make it possible to promote, upon entry of the liquid phase on the porous lining, the creation of a coarse foam above this lining, thereby increasing the quality of the foam generated.
- the means making it possible to introduce the gaseous phase into said enclosure can include means for regulating the pressure for introducing gas into said enclosure and possibly a reservoir for said gas.
- the aspiration of the liquid and gaseous phases through the porous lining causes the aspiration of the ambient air, it can then be provided on the enclosure, upstream of the porous lining, at least one inlet opening for ambient atmospheric air, possibly equipped with a flow meter.
- the means for suctioning said liquid phase and said gaseous phase through the porous lining, or means for creating the vacuum can for example be a vacuum pump possibly equipped with a condensate trap, this pump being able to carry out the evacuation from said enclosure of the foam generated.
- the device may be fitted with a valve or with a solenoid valve making it possible to fix and regulate the vacuum downstream of the lining in the enclosure.
- the device according to the invention can also be provided with means for measuring the vacuum in said enclosure.
- the invention also relates to a device for circulating a foam in an installation, the installation comprising a first end and a second end, the first and second ends delimiting at least part of the installation in which the foam is to be circulated, this device comprising: a device for generating a foam such as that described above, and
- the device for circulating a foam in an installation is particularly advantageous for cleaning and / or for decontaminating said installation.
- the enclosure, the lining, the means for introducing the liquid phase into said enclosure and the means for introducing the gaseous phase into said enclosure can be those described above.
- the sealed connection means may for example be seals which will be designed so as to be able to resist the chemical composition of the foam generated, and the vacuum necessary to generate the foam by suction of the liquid and gaseous phases through the porous packing.
- the means for sucking the liquid and gaseous phases through the porous lining and creating the vacuum in said part of the installation in which the foam must circulate can be those described above and may further include a condensate trap.
- This device can also include adjustment and measurement means described above.
- the device for generating a foam and circulating a foam in an installation according to the invention may also include a foam flow meter placed downstream of the porous lining so as to be able to measure the amount of foam generated and regulate the vacuum in the installation and the flow rates of the gaseous and liquid phases in one enclosure.
- This device may further comprise a tank for receiving the foam placed at the second end of the installation. It can also include a pressure sensor, valves for draining or recovering a liquid phase resulting from destabilization of said foam.
- the device can further comprise means for recovering a liquid resulting from a destabilization of the foam in the tank for receiving the foam, and means for pumping said liquid up to the introduction means. of the liquid phase in the enclosure of the foam generation device.
- This device can then include isolation valves, a system for pumping this liquid from the foam receiving tank into the tank for preparing and storing the liquid phase used to generate the foam. Said liquid can then be reintroduced, by the means for introducing the liquid phase, into the enclosure containing the porous lining, for example by a metering pump, from the liquid phase preparation and storage tank.
- the device can then operate in single-pass mode or in recovery mode.
- the foam is received and stored in a receiving tank which may include means for destabilizing the foam in order to accelerate the return to the liquid form.
- the destabilization can be natural, or be accelerated for example using a mechanical device such as those described above and / or chemically by adding for example a destabilizing agent such as alcohol.
- the tank can then be emptied by means of a valve, continuously or periodically.
- recovery mode also called recycling mode
- the liquid resulting from the natural or accelerated destabilization of the foam, after a first passage in an installation for example to decontaminate and / or to be cleaned is recovered periodically or continuously from the receiving tank. by means of a recovery pump, or recycling pump, and reinjected into the preparation and storage tank of the liquid phase connected to the metering pump of the liquid phase.
- the mode of operation in recycling is particularly preferred for an industrial application of the proposed decontamination system.
- a means for purifying the recovered liquid can be arranged downstream of the tank for receiving the foam and upstream of the means for introducing the liquid phase into the enclosure of the device for generating the foam, for example of the tank for preparing and storing the liquid phase.
- - Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a device for generating a foam according to the invention.
- - Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a device for cleaning an installation, by circulating a foam, using the device for generating a foam shown diagrammatically in Figure 1.
- - Figure 3 is a graph illustrating the influence of the thickness of the bed of balls of a porous lining on the speed of circulation of a foam, at constant vacuum, at the outlet of a foam generator according to the invention.
- - Figure 4 is a graph illustrating the influence of the diameter of the balls of the porous lining on the circulation speed, at constant vacuum, of a foam generated according to the method of the invention at the outlet of a foam generator according to the invention.
- - Figure 5 is a graph illustrating the influence of the flow rate of the liquid phase on the expansion, at constant vacuum, of a foam measured for two diameters of porous packing balls.
- FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the influence of the vacuum downstream of the porous lining on the circulation speed of a foam generated according to the method of the invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a device 1 for generating a foam according to the invention comprising an enclosure 3, a porous lining 5 disposed in said enclosure 3, means 9 and 11 making it possible to introduce into said enclosure a liquid phase and a gaseous phase, respectively, suitable for generating a foam, and means 15 for suctioning said liquid phase and said gaseous phase through the porous lining 5, the generated foam being discharged from said enclosure 3 by these suction means 15.
- the porous lining 5 consists of calibrated glass balls, leaving interstices 7 through which the liquid phase percolates.
- the means 9 and 11 make it possible to introduce into the enclosure a liquid phase and a gaseous phase, respectively and in particular the means 9 for introducing the liquid phase into the enclosure comprises a means 13 for spraying the phase liquid in the enclosure, on the porous lining.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a device for cleaning an installation 20 with a foam
- installation 20 comprises a first end 20a and a second end 20b, the first end 20a and the second end 20b delimiting the part of installation 20 to be cleaned by foam.
- the cleaning device comprising a device 1 for generating a foam as described above, sealing means between the device 1 for generating a foam and the installation to be cleaned, and means 30, 32 and 34 for create a depression in said installation.
- the means 30, 32 and 34 are respectively a pressure sensor, an isolation and pressure regulation valve and a vacuum pump responsible for creating the vacuum in the installation 20 and the device 1.
- This cleaning device also comprises a reservoir 44 for preparing and storing the liquid phase.
- a metering pump 48 allows the liquid phase to be withdrawn by means of a plunging line 46 in this reservoir 44 and to conduct this liquid phase to the device 1 for generating foam.
- a flow meter 50 is placed upstream of the foam generating device in order to control the flow rate of the liquid phase introduced into this device 1.
- This cleaning device is also provided with an isolation valve 24 disposed between the device 1 and the installation 20, with a foam flow meter 22 disposed between the valve 24 and the installation 20, and with a receiving tank. 26 of the foam at the second end 20b of the installation 20.
- the foam receiving tank 26 comprises a valve 36 for bringing the installation to atmospheric pressure.
- the foam after having been generated in the device 1 by suction of the appropriate liquid and gaseous phases through the porous lining by means of the vacuum pump 34, passes through the installation 20 from the first end 20a, then from the second end 20b is conducted using a plunging pipe 28 at the bottom of the receiving tank 26.
- the foam can be stored in this receiving tank 26 and be destabilized by a chemical destabilizing agent and / or by a mechanical device such as those mentioned above to accelerate its return to the liquid form.
- the tank can then be drained by a valve 38.
- the foam is destabilized chemically and / or mechanically in the receiving tank 26, to form a liquid which by so-called recycling or recovery means is returned to the means 9 for spraying, this liquid again forming the liquid phase of a foam.
- These recycling means comprise, for example, a valve 38, a recycling pump 42, and pipes 40, leading this liquid into the reservoir 44 for preparing and storing the liquid phase in order to be returned by means of a plunging pipe 46, a metering pump 48, and a flow meter 50 in the device 1.
- This second embodiment of the invention, or recycling mode is particularly preferred for an industrial application of a decontamination and / or cleaning system according to the invention.
- the device may further comprise a device 52 for purifying the liquid effluent leaving the receiving tank 26, through which the liquid passes, in order to be purified from cleaning waste and / or decontamination, before reaching the storage tank 44.
- the inlet and outlet of the liquid effluent into the purification device 52 can be controlled for example by means of valves 53.
- liquid phase used is an aqueous solution comprising:
- ORAMIX CG 110 registered trademark
- the enclosure used in these examples for the generation of a foam has an internal diameter of 30 mm, and the installation is a cylindrical pipe of internal diameter substantially identical to that of the enclosure.
- the porous lining is a bed of spherical glass beads, 1.6 mm in diameter and the cylindrical pipe has a length of 4 m.
- Tests were carried out with two thicknesses z of bead bed of 0.05 m and 0.08 m respectively, and at constant depression of 15 ⁇ 10 3 Pa. For each test, the speed of the foam V m was measured in m. s "1 depending on the liquid phase flow
- FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating these results, in which columns 60 a , 60 b , 60 c , 62 a , 62 b and 62 c represent the tests of the same reference, V m the speed of the foam in m / s and z the thickness of the bead bed in m.
- the diameter of the glass beads of the porous lining is 3 mm or 1.6 mm
- the thickness of the lining z is 0.08 m
- the vacuum is constant at 15 ⁇ 10 3 Pa
- the speed V m of circulation of the foam in m / s in the cylindrical pipe is measured.
- liquid and gaseous phases used are the same as those described for Example 1.
- Various tests have been carried out by varying the flow rate of liquid phase Qi in 1 / h passing through the porous lining.
- FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating these results in which the references 70 a - d and 62 a - c correspond to those given to the tests in table 2.
- liquid and gaseous phases used are the same as those described in the previous examples and the length of the cylindrical pipe is 4 m.
- the tests of this example are carried out for two thicknesses z of the porous lining: 0.08 m (tests 80) and 0.11 m (tests 82).
- the diameter of the porous packing balls is 0.003 m for all the tests and the vacuum is constant at 15 ⁇ 10 3 Pa.
- the speed of circulation of the foam, observed for each group of tests, is constant: either 0.15 m / s for tests 80; and 0.12 m / s for tests 82.
- the expansion F of the foam at the outlet of the circuit is measured as a function of the flow rate Qi of the liquid phase in 1 / h.
- FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of the results of Table 3, in which the references 80 and 82 correspond respectively to tests 80 and 82.
- Example 2 the liquid and gaseous phases of Example 1 are used, the cylindrical pipe has a length of 15 meters, the diameter of the balls is 0.003 m and the thickness of the porous lining is
- Figure 6 is a graphical representation of the results in Table 4.
- This point A corresponds to the minimum depression ⁇ P in the circuit measured with respect to atmospheric pressure, from which the foam exhibits a rheological behavior of Newtonian type.
- ⁇ P 43xl0 2 Pa.
- the speed of circulation of the foam is a linear function of the vacuum.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69904694T DE69904694T2 (de) | 1998-01-16 | 1999-01-15 | Verfahren zur herstellung und umwälzung eines schaums in einer installation und vorrichtung zum durchführen des verfahrens |
| AU20588/99A AU2058899A (en) | 1998-01-16 | 1999-01-15 | Method for generating and circulating a foam in an installation and device for carrying out said method |
| US09/582,529 US6561200B1 (en) | 1998-01-16 | 1999-01-15 | Method for generating and circulating a foam in an installation and system for application of this method |
| EP99900935A EP1047490B1 (fr) | 1998-01-16 | 1999-01-15 | Procede de generation et de mise en circulation d'une mousse dans une installation et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| UA2000074228A UA59427C2 (uk) | 1998-01-16 | 1999-01-15 | Спосіб утворення і приведення у циркуляцію піни в устаткуванні й пристрій для здійснення цього способу |
| JP2000539926A JP4166945B2 (ja) | 1998-01-16 | 1999-01-15 | 設備中での泡の発生および循環方法並びにこの方法の適用装置 |
| US10/378,882 US6932330B2 (en) | 1998-01-16 | 2003-03-05 | Method for generating and circulating a foam in an installation and system for application of this method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR98/00436 | 1998-01-16 | ||
| FR9800436A FR2773725B1 (fr) | 1998-01-16 | 1998-01-16 | Procede de generation et de mise en circulation d'une mousse dans une installation et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
Related Child Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/582,529 A-371-Of-International US6561200B1 (en) | 1998-01-16 | 1999-01-15 | Method for generating and circulating a foam in an installation and system for application of this method |
| US09582529 A-371-Of-International | 1999-01-15 | ||
| US10/378,882 Division US6932330B2 (en) | 1998-01-16 | 2003-03-05 | Method for generating and circulating a foam in an installation and system for application of this method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999036165A1 true WO1999036165A1 (fr) | 1999-07-22 |
Family
ID=9521853
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1999/000075 Ceased WO1999036165A1 (fr) | 1998-01-16 | 1999-01-15 | Procede de generation et de mise en circulation d'une mousse dans une installation et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6561200B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1047490B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4166945B2 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2058899A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69904694T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2190192T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2773725B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2191623C2 (fr) |
| UA (1) | UA59427C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1999036165A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2773725B1 (fr) * | 1998-01-16 | 2000-02-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de generation et de mise en circulation d'une mousse dans une installation et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| FR2817170B1 (fr) * | 2000-11-30 | 2003-01-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede, module et dispositif de mise en contact d'un gaz et d'un liquide |
| FR2824753B1 (fr) * | 2001-05-17 | 2003-07-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de mise en circulation d'une mousse dans une installation |
| FR2827610B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-17 | 2005-09-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Composition de degraissage utilisable pour le degraissage et/ou la decontamination de surfaces solides |
| FR2841802B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-08 | 2005-03-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Composition, mousse et procede de decontamination de surfaces |
| DE10234472A1 (de) * | 2002-07-29 | 2004-02-12 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Verfahren zum Beseitigen von Schaum im Laugenbehälter einer Trommelwaschmaschine |
| US8323420B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2012-12-04 | Lam Research Corporation | Method for removing material from semiconductor wafer and apparatus for performing the same |
| FR2889085B1 (fr) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-09-21 | Chabbert Chimie Sarl | Dispositif melangeur a des fins de generation de mousse notamment pour la reduction d'emissions de poussieres dans l'air |
| KR101307599B1 (ko) * | 2006-01-17 | 2013-09-12 | 박스터 헬쓰케어 에스에이 | 혼합용 장치, 시스템 및 방법 |
| US20090038701A1 (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2009-02-12 | Baxter International Inc. | Device, system and method for mixing |
| US20070221255A1 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-09-27 | Burdge Adelbert D | Method for cleaning industrial equipment exposed to volatile organic compounds |
| US20080135071A1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-12 | Kelley James P | Foam system |
| FI20085146A7 (fi) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-22 | Maricap Oy | Menetelmä ja laitteisto pneumaattisessa materiaalinsiirtojärjestelmässä |
| FI20085145A7 (fi) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-22 | Maricap Oy | Menetelmä ja laitteisto pneumaattisessa materiaalinsiirtojärjestelmässä |
| US8641661B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 | 2014-02-04 | Baxter International Inc. | Mixing system, kit and mixer adapter |
| US8839661B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2014-09-23 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Direct quantitative colorimetric measurement of liquid foam |
| CN103501885B (zh) * | 2011-03-04 | 2017-06-23 | 卡尔·波德马耶尔斯基 | 液体泡沫制造方法和设备 |
| DE102015011501A1 (de) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-04-27 | Washtec Holding Gmbh | Schaumerzeuger |
| GB201615066D0 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2016-10-19 | Ge Healthcare Bioprocess R&D Ab | Packed bed emulsification |
| CN111623383B (zh) * | 2019-02-28 | 2023-10-13 | 青岛海尔智慧厨房电器有限公司 | 一种清洗装置、集成灶及其控制方法 |
| US20230304907A1 (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-28 | University Of Wyoming | Apparatus and methods for foam generation and foam evaluation |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1781104A1 (de) * | 1968-08-23 | 1970-10-22 | Wolfgang Muetzelburg | Landebahnbeschaeumungsgeraet mit veraenderlichen Verschaeumungsfaktoren,angepasst an die meteorologischen Verhaeltnisse |
| US4133773A (en) * | 1977-07-28 | 1979-01-09 | The Dow Chemical Company | Apparatus for making foamed cleaning solutions and method of operation |
| GB2219518A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1989-12-13 | Nissei Plan Inc | Bubble generator for use in the manufacture of cellular concrete |
| US4969488A (en) * | 1989-08-15 | 1990-11-13 | Milliken Research Corporation | Foam cleaner for loom reeds |
| US4974618A (en) * | 1983-08-31 | 1990-12-04 | Duraclean International, Inc. | Apparatus and method for fabric cleaning with foam |
| SU1706681A1 (ru) * | 1985-12-02 | 1992-01-23 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6956 | Устройство дл гомогенизации и распределени газожидкостной смеси по параллельным каналам |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB1532861A (en) * | 1975-08-18 | 1978-11-22 | Barry Wehmiller Co | Container washing apparatus |
| SU1281283A1 (ru) * | 1985-07-18 | 1987-01-07 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6767 | Устройство дл образовани и разрушени пены |
| US4934393A (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1990-06-19 | John S. Lighthall | Spray gun cleaning apparatus |
| US6454871B1 (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 2002-09-24 | Princeton Trade & Technology, Inc. | Method of cleaning passageways using a mixed phase flow of gas and a liquid |
| US6027572A (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 2000-02-22 | Princeton Trade And Technologt, Inc | Cleaning method for removing biofilm and debris from lines and tubing |
| AUPO797697A0 (en) * | 1997-07-16 | 1997-08-07 | Cooper, Norman William | Bin washer |
| RU2122889C1 (ru) * | 1997-10-10 | 1998-12-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Региональный научно-технический центр "Стройтехнология" | Пеногенератор |
| FR2773725B1 (fr) * | 1998-01-16 | 2000-02-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de generation et de mise en circulation d'une mousse dans une installation et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
-
1998
- 1998-01-16 FR FR9800436A patent/FR2773725B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-01-15 ES ES99900935T patent/ES2190192T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-15 RU RU2000121630/12A patent/RU2191623C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-15 US US09/582,529 patent/US6561200B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-15 UA UA2000074228A patent/UA59427C2/uk unknown
- 1999-01-15 JP JP2000539926A patent/JP4166945B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-15 DE DE69904694T patent/DE69904694T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-15 EP EP99900935A patent/EP1047490B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-15 AU AU20588/99A patent/AU2058899A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-01-15 WO PCT/FR1999/000075 patent/WO1999036165A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-03-05 US US10/378,882 patent/US6932330B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1781104A1 (de) * | 1968-08-23 | 1970-10-22 | Wolfgang Muetzelburg | Landebahnbeschaeumungsgeraet mit veraenderlichen Verschaeumungsfaktoren,angepasst an die meteorologischen Verhaeltnisse |
| US4133773A (en) * | 1977-07-28 | 1979-01-09 | The Dow Chemical Company | Apparatus for making foamed cleaning solutions and method of operation |
| US4974618A (en) * | 1983-08-31 | 1990-12-04 | Duraclean International, Inc. | Apparatus and method for fabric cleaning with foam |
| SU1706681A1 (ru) * | 1985-12-02 | 1992-01-23 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6956 | Устройство дл гомогенизации и распределени газожидкостной смеси по параллельным каналам |
| GB2219518A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1989-12-13 | Nissei Plan Inc | Bubble generator for use in the manufacture of cellular concrete |
| US4969488A (en) * | 1989-08-15 | 1990-11-13 | Milliken Research Corporation | Foam cleaner for loom reeds |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2058899A (en) | 1999-08-02 |
| DE69904694T2 (de) | 2003-09-18 |
| JP2002509019A (ja) | 2002-03-26 |
| FR2773725B1 (fr) | 2000-02-25 |
| DE69904694D1 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
| US6561200B1 (en) | 2003-05-13 |
| RU2191623C2 (ru) | 2002-10-27 |
| UA59427C2 (uk) | 2003-09-15 |
| ES2190192T3 (es) | 2003-07-16 |
| EP1047490B1 (fr) | 2003-01-02 |
| US20030150480A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
| US6932330B2 (en) | 2005-08-23 |
| EP1047490A1 (fr) | 2000-11-02 |
| JP4166945B2 (ja) | 2008-10-15 |
| FR2773725A1 (fr) | 1999-07-23 |
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