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WO1999031436A1 - A method for combustion of solid fuel and apparatus for realisation thereof - Google Patents

A method for combustion of solid fuel and apparatus for realisation thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999031436A1
WO1999031436A1 PCT/LT1998/000002 LT9800002W WO9931436A1 WO 1999031436 A1 WO1999031436 A1 WO 1999031436A1 LT 9800002 W LT9800002 W LT 9800002W WO 9931436 A1 WO9931436 A1 WO 9931436A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
combustion
firebox
furnace
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/LT1998/000002
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French (fr)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Rafael Gazetov
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU97120302/03A external-priority patent/RU97120302A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU12635/99A priority Critical patent/AU1263599A/en
Publication of WO1999031436A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999031436A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/02—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in main combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the invention is not available for use in the following areas and may be used:
  • d ⁇ ugi ⁇ ⁇ blas ⁇ ya ⁇ for ⁇ izv ⁇ ds ⁇ va g ⁇ yachey v ⁇ dy and av ⁇ n ⁇ mn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ leniya zhily ⁇ d ⁇ m ⁇ v, ⁇ edzhey, ⁇ va ⁇ i ⁇ mn ⁇ g ⁇ e ⁇ azhny ⁇ zhily ⁇ d ⁇ m ⁇ v, buildings b ⁇ lnits, sh ⁇ l, de ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ sad ⁇ v and d ⁇ ugi ⁇ ⁇ be ⁇ v zhilischn ⁇ - ⁇ mmunaln ⁇ g ⁇ and munitsi ⁇ aln ⁇ g ⁇ g ⁇ ds ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ zyays ⁇ va; For example, for the heating of military casinos, for private houses, customs, as well as for the equipping of cargoes, workpieces, and railroad transports.
  • Optimum supply of the product to the factory allows the installation of a temperature of 100 to 700 ° C (at the same time, it does not It is preferable that the temperature in the unit should be 200-500 ° C (corresponds to a spe- cific maximum radiation frequency of a range of 6.13 - 3.75 m). ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 ⁇ / ⁇ 98 / 00002
  • the optimal preset amount of air (oxidizing agent) in the shop is expressly unaware of the fact that
  • Izves ⁇ na ⁇ ech za ⁇ yazhn ⁇ g ⁇ g ⁇ eniya ( ⁇ isanie iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eniya ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ en ⁇ u ⁇ ssiys ⁇ y ⁇ ede ⁇ atsii ⁇ 21811572, ⁇ I5 ⁇ 24 ⁇ 7/00, 04.23.93 ⁇ ubli ⁇ van ⁇ ) s ⁇ de ⁇ zhaschaya ⁇ us as ⁇ imy ⁇ ayuschi ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ e schelevidny ⁇ v ⁇ zdu ⁇ v ⁇ dny ⁇ ⁇ anal ⁇ v, v ⁇ zdushnye ⁇ sun ⁇ i and d ⁇ sselnuyu zasl ⁇ n ⁇ u.
  • the described device is that the slit-like air ducts have an insufficiently developed heating, which is heated. Part of the heat, without having to heat up the air, will escape into the flue together with the smoke.
  • the oven has a low utility rate (UFD).
  • the device variant of the claimed inventions of the generator of heat and gas utilization of the appliance and its industrial has the following essential essentials:
  • the bridge was made by two adjacent, well-located, different internal and external pipes, which form a ring cross-section;
  • - devices for heating water and air such as air inlet ducts are located in the lower part of the outlet, and exhaust air outlet;
  • P ⁇ i is ⁇ lz ⁇ vanii ⁇ edlagaem ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ v ⁇ g ⁇ va ⁇ ian ⁇ a gene ⁇ a ⁇ a ⁇ e ⁇ la-u ⁇ iliza ⁇ a g ⁇ iz ⁇ n ⁇ aln ⁇ g ⁇ in ⁇ ezhime ⁇ leyuscheg ⁇ g ⁇ eniya in ⁇ u ⁇ dayu ⁇ ⁇ imaln ⁇ e ⁇ liches ⁇ v ⁇ v ⁇ zdu ⁇ a in zavisim ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ em ⁇ e ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ y in ⁇ sledney and d ⁇ zhigayu ⁇ le ⁇ uchie, g ⁇ yuchie vesches ⁇ va ⁇ u ⁇ em v ⁇ zdeys ⁇ viya on ni ⁇ nag ⁇ e ⁇ ym d ⁇ ⁇ ab ⁇ chey ⁇ em ⁇ e ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ y ⁇ a ⁇ aliza ⁇ m.
  • U ⁇ azanny d ⁇ s ⁇ igaemy ⁇ e ⁇ niches ⁇ y ⁇ ezul ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ i is ⁇ lz ⁇ vanii ⁇ edlagaem ⁇ g ⁇ va ⁇ ian ⁇ a gene ⁇ a ⁇ a ⁇ e ⁇ la- u ⁇ iliza ⁇ a g ⁇ iz ⁇ n ⁇ aln ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ buslavlivae ⁇ ⁇ bsches ⁇ venn ⁇ ⁇ lezny ⁇ ezul ⁇ a ⁇ : reducing ⁇ sichn ⁇ s ⁇ i vy ⁇ dyaschi ⁇ of dym ⁇ da ⁇ du ⁇ v sg ⁇ aniya and ⁇ vyshenie ⁇ e ⁇ itsien ⁇ a ⁇ lezn ⁇ g ⁇ deys ⁇ viya.
  • the claimed variant - the generator of heat-recovery utilization contains the following essential features.
  • the block is made by two closely located different internal and external pipes, which form a ring cross-section;
  • the device for regulating the air supply is made in the form of a free channel, located in the deepening of the lower part of the unit.
  • the downstream channel is equipped with two branches at each end, and inside, they are located on the outside of the outlet. ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 ⁇ / ⁇ 98 / 00002 regulating gates.
  • the channel is located at the same time as it is possible to rotate the space of its own private axle.
  • the size of the transfered responses increases from the middle of the channel.
  • the external part of the channel is blocked by a screw part that is damaged in combination with a lower part of the screw.
  • each air inlet air heating channel is located at the same time as the contact with the internal air duct.
  • the air inlet ducts are secured from the inside of the indoor appliance in a choke box.
  • Exhausting air ducts from the exhaust air ducts are located with the possibility of a contact with the heating devices of the heat generator.
  • the heat generator is equipped with a catalytic converter located with the possibility of exposure to volatile, combustible materials ( ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ).
  • the unit is equipped with a window made from an external source for infectious radiation of the material.
  • the claimed variant of the generator's thermal management option has the following distinctive features:
  • the downstream channel is equipped with two branches at each end, and inside, the openings are located on both sides of the outlet, and these are regulated by the unit.
  • the indicated product ensures the delivery to the optimal amount of air in a mode of smoldering, prolonged burning.
  • the channel is located at the same time as it is possible to rotate the space of its own private axle.
  • the size of the transmitted responses increases from the middle of the channel.
  • the outer part of the channel is blocked by the screw part, which is combined with the deepening of the lower part of the screw.
  • Part of each air duct for heating the air is located at the same time as the contact with the interior ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 ⁇ / ⁇ 98 / 00002 ⁇ rububy.
  • the air inlet ducts are secured from the inside of the indoor appliance in a choke box.
  • Exhausting air ducts from the exhaust air ducts are located with the possibility of a contact with the heating devices of the heat generator.
  • the indicated products ensure an efficient output which is emitted in the process of heating and burning fuel.
  • the heat generator is equipped with a catalytic converter, placed with the possibility of exposure to volatile, combustible materials ( ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ).
  • ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ volatile, combustible materials
  • the unit is equipped with a window made from an external source for infectious radiation of the material.
  • Such a performance causes the heat to be obtained in the form of infrared radiation when burning fuel in the process of heat generation of a waste heat generator.
  • the second option is the thermal generator-utilization system.
  • the oven contains a short-circuit oven in the form of slit-like open air channels, air vents and a damper.
  • the described device is that the slit-like air ducts have an insufficiently developed heating, which is heated. Part of the heat, without having to heat up the air, will escape into the flue together with the smoke.
  • the oven has a low utility rate (UFD).
  • the thermal generator When purchased, the thermal generator utilizes heat, exhaust, smoke, and all other means of reduced mobility.
  • the claimed variant of the device of the thermal generator and the thermal and its accessories have the following two essential essentials:
  • the track is made by two closely located different internal and external pipes, which form ring cross sections; there are facilities for regulating the return of air to traffic;
  • the disadvantage is that it is not always ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436,, ⁇ / ⁇ 98 / 00002 provides the best possible amount of air in a mode of smoldering, prolonged burning. Part of the volatile, combustible substances (C ⁇ ,, ⁇ , C ⁇ ⁇ ) will fly into the chimney, not speeding up to burn in the process, thereby deteriorating the utility of the generatrix.
  • the supply of air to the furnace is not carried out by the entire luminous layer, but the reaction of the burning of the fuel takes place at the end of the process.
  • P ⁇ i is ⁇ lz ⁇ vanii ⁇ edlagaem ⁇ g ⁇ va ⁇ ian ⁇ a gene ⁇ a ⁇ a ⁇ e ⁇ la- u ⁇ iliza ⁇ a ve ⁇ i ⁇ aln ⁇ g ⁇ in ⁇ ezhime ⁇ leyuscheg ⁇ g ⁇ eniya in ⁇ u ⁇ dayu ⁇ ⁇ imaln ⁇ e ⁇ liches ⁇ v ⁇ v ⁇ zdu ⁇ a in zavisim ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ em ⁇ e ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ y in ⁇ sledney and d ⁇ zhigayu ⁇ le ⁇ uchie, g ⁇ yuchie vesches ⁇ va ⁇ u ⁇ em v ⁇ zdeys ⁇ viya on ni ⁇ nag ⁇ e ⁇ ym d ⁇ ⁇ ab ⁇ chey ⁇ em ⁇ e ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ y ⁇ a ⁇ aliza ⁇ m.
  • U ⁇ azanny d ⁇ s ⁇ igaemy ⁇ e ⁇ niches ⁇ y ⁇ ezul ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ i is ⁇ lz ⁇ vanii ⁇ edlagaem ⁇ g ⁇ va ⁇ ian ⁇ a gene ⁇ a ⁇ a ⁇ e ⁇ la- u ⁇ iliza ⁇ a ve ⁇ i ⁇ aln ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ buslavlivae ⁇ ⁇ bsches ⁇ venn ⁇ ⁇ lezny ⁇ ezul ⁇ a ⁇ : reducing ⁇ sichn ⁇ s ⁇ i vy ⁇ dyaschi ⁇ of dym ⁇ da ⁇ du ⁇ v sg ⁇ aniya and ⁇ vyshenie ⁇ e ⁇ itsien ⁇ a ⁇ lezn ⁇ g ⁇ deys ⁇ viya.
  • the declared second variant - the generator of thermal control ver- tical contains the following essential parameters.
  • the block is made by two closely located different internal and external pipes, which form ring sections.
  • the generator is equipped with a device for regulating the flow of air into the appliance, a device for heating the water and air, with the exception of the air inlet of the exhaust duct ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 ⁇ / ⁇ 98 / 00002
  • the outer pipe is made in the form of a truncated cone; the base is located on the bottom of the bottom.
  • the device for regulating the use of the air supply to the factory is equipped with a base located at the outlet of the outlet for a large business outlet and a free-wheeling bus.
  • the separate air supply channel to the city is located vertically, which is directly connected to the internal road.
  • Pe ⁇ i ⁇ vanny ⁇ anal ⁇ dachi v ⁇ zdu ⁇ a in ⁇ u ⁇ azmeschennym provided between the lower and dn ⁇ m ⁇ i ⁇ l ⁇ sni ⁇ v ⁇ y ⁇ eshe ⁇ y and s ⁇ edinennym with eg ⁇ vnu ⁇ enney ⁇ l ⁇ s ⁇ yu ⁇ a ⁇ ub ⁇ m, ⁇ s ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ endi ⁇ ulya ⁇ na ⁇ si u ⁇ azann ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ i ⁇ vann ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ anala.
  • a separate air supply channel for travel is located in the latter with the option of a convenient external drive.
  • the unit At the entrance to the unit, the unit is located with the option of leaving the unit on a regular basis.
  • the outer pipe is made in the form of a large truncated pyramid, the understanding of which is in the lower part of the bottom. ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 ⁇ / ⁇ 98 / 00002
  • the heat generator is equipped with a catalytic converter located with the possibility of exposure to volatile, combustible materials ( ⁇ ,
  • the outer pipe is made in the form of a truncated cone, the base is located on the bottom of the bottom.
  • the outdoor pipe system facilitates the favorable movement of the food products, increases the heat output to the cooling medium due to the cost of the consumer.
  • the device for regulating the use of the air supply to the factory is equipped with a base located at the outlet of the outlet for a large business outlet and a free-wheeling bus.
  • the separate air supply channel to the city is located vertically, which is directly connected to the internal road.
  • Pe ⁇ i ⁇ vanny ⁇ anal ⁇ dachi v ⁇ zdu ⁇ a in ⁇ u ⁇ azmeschennym provided between the lower and dn ⁇ m ⁇ i ⁇ l ⁇ sni ⁇ v ⁇ y ⁇ eshe ⁇ y and s ⁇ edinennym with eg ⁇ vnu ⁇ enney ⁇ l ⁇ s ⁇ yu ⁇ a ⁇ ub ⁇ m, ⁇ s ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ endi ⁇ ulya ⁇ na ⁇ si u ⁇ azann ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ i ⁇ vann ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ anala.
  • a separate air supply channel for travel is located in the latter with the option of a convenient external drive.
  • the indicated products ensure an equitable supply of air to the burning fuel.
  • the unit At the entrance to the unit, the unit is located with the option of leaving the unit on a regular basis.
  • the product ensures the return to the optimal amount of air in a mode of smoldering, prolonged burning.
  • the outer pipe is made in the form of a large truncated pyramid, the understanding of which is in the lower part of the bottom.
  • the indicated parameters ensure an increase in the coefficient of usefulness of the second option of the generator’s thermal control.
  • the heat generator is equipped with a catalytic converter located with the possibility of exposure to volatile, combustible substances ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ).
  • ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ volatile, combustible substances
  • P ⁇ zayavi ⁇ elya information available to ⁇ edlagae maya s ⁇ v ⁇ u ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ susches ⁇ venny ⁇ ⁇ izna ⁇ v, ⁇ a ⁇ a ⁇ e ⁇ izuyuschi ⁇ s ⁇ s ⁇ b combustion ⁇ ve ⁇ d ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ liva and two va ⁇ ian ⁇ a us ⁇ ys ⁇ v for ⁇ susches ⁇ vleniya s ⁇ s ⁇ ba - not izves ⁇ ny of u ⁇ vnya ⁇ e ⁇ ni ⁇ i, sled ⁇ va ⁇ eln ⁇ , all g ⁇ u ⁇ a iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eny s ⁇ ve ⁇ s ⁇ vue ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ e ⁇ iyu n ⁇ vizna.
  • Mutual use of these nodes is a term that identifies and identifies other options for other devices.
  • P ⁇ edlagae maya suschn ⁇ s ⁇ zayavlyaem ⁇ y g ⁇ u ⁇ y ⁇ edlagaemy ⁇ iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eny m ⁇ zhe ⁇ by ⁇ is ⁇ lz ⁇ vana in ⁇ myshlenn ⁇ s ⁇ i, sels ⁇ m ⁇ zyays ⁇ ve in d ⁇ ugi ⁇ ⁇ blas ⁇ ya ⁇ - for ⁇ izv ⁇ ds ⁇ va g ⁇ yachey v ⁇ dy and av ⁇ n ⁇ mn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ b ⁇ g ⁇ eva samy ⁇ ⁇ azlichny ⁇ ⁇ mescheny with ⁇ lucheniem ⁇ e ⁇ niches ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ezul ⁇ a ⁇ a as ⁇ leyuscheg ⁇ ⁇ ezhima za ⁇ yazhn ⁇ g ⁇ g ⁇ eniya ⁇ ve ⁇ d ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ liva.
  • the indicated smoldering mode of a long-lasting combustion is stipulated by the creation of conditions at a time when it is sold at a freezing temperature when it is allowed to be cooled. And ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 ⁇ / ⁇ -98/00002
  • d ⁇ s ⁇ igaemym ⁇ i is ⁇ lz ⁇ vanii zayavlenn ⁇ y g ⁇ u ⁇ y iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eny, yavlyae ⁇ sya s ⁇ zdanie ⁇ ezhima za ⁇ yazhn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ leyuscheg ⁇ g ⁇ eniya and ⁇ bes ⁇ echeniya d ⁇ zhiga le ⁇ uchi ⁇ , g ⁇ yuchi ⁇ vesches ⁇ v (S ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , S ⁇ ⁇ ).
  • FIG. 3 Schematic illustration of an operation of the combustion method for the heating of a waste heat generator, a waste heat source (exhaust gas) ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 ⁇ / ⁇ 98 / 00002
  • FIG. 4 Schematic illustration of a generator for heat treatment of a horizontal one (transient discharge).
  • FIG. 5 Schematic illustration of a genera- tor of a heating system of a horizontal (accessory).
  • Fig. 6 Generator-thermal utilization is horizontal (a schematic transverse cut). The image of the flame and the products of combustion.
  • FIG. 7 A schematic illustration of an operating method for burning a fuel of a heat-generating generator for heat recovery (a result).
  • FIG. 8 Schematic representation of the process (version of the embodiment). Expertise.
  • Fig. 9 Schematic illustration of a thermal generator for thermal control.
  • Figure 10 Generator of thermal utilization vertical (schematic transverse cut). The image of the flame and the products of combustion.
  • the method of burning fuel is controlled by the following investigations:
  • the flame dis- charge in the normal combustion mode is higher than 1000 ° ⁇ (1200-1400 ° ⁇ ).
  • the temperature of the generator changed from 100 ° C to 30 ° C.
  • the experimental sample of the heat generator ensured the heating of the total volume of the heated rooms, equal to 124.6 cubic meters.
  • the volume and the area of accommodation are heated by air, respectively 94.33 cubic meters. and 37.7 sq.m.
  • the room heating, the heat generator prevented the installation of the shower for the rest of the people, as well as the food preparation.
  • the PDA of the generator increases 92 percent, reaching 97.6 percent as much as possible.
  • the process of burning solid fuel in a combustion chamber may go with a different speed. Regulation of the rate of combustion (oxidation) in the combustion chamber is regulated by the regulation of the fuel-air flow.
  • the process of burning fuel occurs in two stages:
  • the speed of the oxidizer is much lower than the rate of chemical reaction of the oxidation, and the resulting rate of burning does not depend on the rate of ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ 98 / 00 02 is limited only to the process of mixing, which separates the process of disruption.
  • P ⁇ ime ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ aches ⁇ ve ⁇ a ⁇ aliza ⁇ a, v ⁇ zdeys ⁇ vuyuscheg ⁇ on le ⁇ uchie, g ⁇ yuchie vesches ⁇ va: S ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , S ⁇ ⁇ ) is ⁇ lz ⁇ valis meds ⁇ de ⁇ zhaschie sis ⁇ emy - ⁇ ltsa ⁇ ashiga, ⁇ ye ⁇ bes ⁇ echivayu ⁇ ⁇ ln ⁇ e ⁇ islenie ⁇ i ⁇ em ⁇ e ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ e 250 ° C and 7000 ⁇ bemn ⁇ y s ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ / h. With the reduction of C Georgia constitutional, the oxidative capacity is not reduced. ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 ⁇ / ⁇ 98 / 00002 this is even a high catalytic converter of water (up to 18 percent).
  • ⁇ case is ⁇ lneniya ⁇ dn ⁇ y or nes ⁇ l ⁇ i ⁇ s ⁇ en ⁇ (dve ⁇ tsy or chas ⁇ i s ⁇ en ⁇ i) ⁇ ame ⁇ y sg ⁇ aniya us ⁇ ys ⁇ va of ⁇ z ⁇ achn ⁇ g ⁇ for in ⁇ a ⁇ asny ⁇ rays ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala, na ⁇ ime ⁇ , ⁇ va ⁇ tsev ⁇ g ⁇ s ⁇ e ⁇ la, ⁇ ame ⁇ a sg ⁇ aniya s ⁇ an ⁇ vi ⁇ sya is ⁇ chni ⁇ m in ⁇ a ⁇ asn ⁇ g ⁇ radiation.
  • the spectral range of the infrared radiation is divided by the shift bias for the absolute black body:
  • the wavelength of the infrared radiation for the temperature of the lower and upper boundaries is set to the smoldering mode of a long combustion:
  • the wavelength of the infrared radiation for the optimal range of the smoldering temperature is 200 ° ⁇ (473 ⁇ ), which corresponds to 6.
  • 500 ° C (773 ⁇ ) corresponds to 3.75 ⁇ m.
  • P ⁇ ime ⁇ 6 P ⁇ is ⁇ echenii v ⁇ emeni ⁇ l ⁇ 40 minutes the ⁇ sle d ⁇ s ⁇ izheniya ⁇ e at 1200 ° C ⁇ i ⁇ yvali ⁇ egulya ⁇ y ⁇ dachi v ⁇ zdu ⁇ a in ⁇ u d ⁇ ne ⁇ b ⁇ dim ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ l ⁇ zheniya, ⁇ bes ⁇ echivayuscheg ⁇ decrease in ⁇ liches ⁇ va ⁇ davaem ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ u v ⁇ zdu ⁇ a d ⁇ or lesser quantities ⁇ avn ⁇ y ⁇ e ⁇ e ⁇ iches ⁇ i ne ⁇ b ⁇ dim ⁇ y for g ⁇ eniya ⁇ ve ⁇ d ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 ⁇ / ⁇ 98 / 00002 fuel - they produced a mode of smoldering, prolonged burning, they maintained the temperature at 300 ° ⁇ . This mode is presented in Fig. 2 at front 5 3 - it
  • the proposed method may be used for fuel: 1. Wood and household waste and pulp and paper products, consumer goods, and consumer goods.
  • the first version of the device for the implementation of the method is the heat and heat-generating generator (Fig. 3,4,5,6), which was discontinued by the two countries.
  • the internal 5 and external 6 pipes will have a ring chamber 7 of combustion with a ring section.
  • the burning of two secured 8 boot hatch).
  • a window 9 of the output for the external radiation of the source material for example, is made from the outside.
  • the generator controls the hi-tech system for heating water, which has: a primary heater, which increases the temperature by 6; Primary heaters 10, 1 1.
  • the primary heaters 10.1 1 are located in an economical 12 horizontal (Fig. 3).
  • ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 29 C ⁇ / L ⁇ 98 / 00002 primary heaters 10, 1 1 can be placed in an economizer of 12 and vertical.
  • the e-home 12 is located above the ring chamber 7 (Fig. 3, 4, 5) and may also be located in the city, as well as the vertical location.
  • the lateral channel 16 is equipped with two branches 18 at each end, and are located on the opposite side of the entrance to the control unit 18.
  • the part of the non-return channel 16, located in step 4 is equipped with interrupted functions of 19, and the size of the latter is increased by 16.
  • Raising from section 4 of section 21 of the air ducts 13 ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 of the C ⁇ / L ⁇ 98 / 00002 of the air heating is arranged with the option of the contact with the heating devices: of the primary heaters 10, 1 1 and the batteries.
  • the products of the combustion of fuels from fuel 4, by discharging the shutter 23 of the catalytic converter 22 direct, bypassing the catalytic converter 22, in particular, through the smoke and flue 12. This eliminates the need for clogging the catalytic converter with 22 detergent products, as well as preheating it before the operation of the appliance. After ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 3 1 SC / L98 / 00002 the output of the catalyst 22 to the operating mode of the process is allowed to clog the cleaning products are reduced.
  • the range of the optimal temperature of the smoldering mode of prolonged burning is 200-500 ° ⁇ , which corresponds to a maximum maximum radiation length of a little more than 6.
  • the operating temperature in the combustion chamber in the range of 100-700 ° C, respectively, separates the operating normal control 5 (Fig. 2). ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 3 ⁇ / ⁇ 98 / 00002
  • a generator that is heat-disposable is universal and economical, but it is environmentally-friendly.
  • INDOOR TUBE 27 (may be multi-part) performs the function of the heater.
  • ⁇ ltsevaya ⁇ ame ⁇ a sg ⁇ aniya ve ⁇ i ⁇ aln ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ a 29 ( ⁇ ig.7,8,9,10) imee ⁇ ⁇ imalnuyu ⁇ mu with ⁇ ch ⁇ i z ⁇ eniya ae ⁇ dinamiches ⁇ i ⁇ sv ⁇ ys ⁇ v, ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ na ⁇ v ⁇ yae ⁇ ⁇ mu ⁇ a ⁇ ela ⁇ lameni (on ⁇ ig.10 ⁇ zitsiya ⁇ s ⁇ ema ⁇ ichn ⁇ ⁇ azyvae ⁇ ⁇ mu ⁇ a ⁇ ela ⁇ lameni).
  • the thermal generator generates a vertical appliance for heating water, which includes: internal pipe 27 of the heater 26.
  • Part of the vertical heater (internal pipe 27), by opening the ring chamber 29 of the burner, performs the function of the primary water heater.
  • Another part of the vertical heater (internal pipe 27) is located in the economizer 31.
  • the indicated part of the internal pipe 27, located in the economical pipe 31, is pulled out.
  • the e-mail itself 31 is located above the ring camera 29 of the burning (Fig. 7.9).
  • the device for regulating the intake of air at the time of 26 includes a switch on the exhaust channel 35 of the intake of air (Fig. 7.9), located at the end of the gas circuit 29.
  • the supply of the air-oxidizer to the channel 35 is carried out through the rotating part of its unit 36, equipped with the regulator 37 of the number of transfers.
  • On section 36, partly of its external part is made of screw blades 38, comprising a screw conveyor screw.
  • Excesses generated by burning fuel (ash) remove the screws 38 on the screw 39 using the screw blades.
  • the device for regulating the supply of the air-oxidizer at the stage 26 is equipped with a bottom located at a distance of 40 meters of the 26 second rack 41.
  • the interrupted channel 35 is located on a vertical, internal internal chamber 27 of the ring chamber 29 of the combustion.
  • Channel 35 which is located separately, is located at the same time as it is open to its own separate channel.
  • the number of accessories is 42 in channel 35, and also in the case of the 41 accessory can be taken out of the room to be removed
  • the outer pipe 28 can be made in the form of a large truncated pyramid.
  • the thermal utilization generator is equipped with a catalytic converter 42, which is accommodated with the possibility of exposure to volatile, combustible substances ( ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ).
  • the block of catalysis 42 has a dash of 43 (Fig. 7.9) and is placed between the rings ⁇ ⁇ 99/31436 ⁇ / 1 / ⁇ 98 / 00002
  • the generator has a thermal control and there is also smoke 44 (Fig. 7.9).
  • heating occurs in all devices, including catalysis (to the working temperature, but not lower than 150 ° C).
  • the range of the optimal temperature of the smoldering mode of prolonged burning is 200-500 ° ⁇ , which corresponds to a maximum maximum radiation length of a little more than 6.
  • the operating temperature in the combustion chamber in the range of 100-700 ° C, respectively, separates the operating normal control 5 (Fig. 2).
  • the consumption of 0 may decrease by 2 to 5 times in the absence of load.
  • Che ⁇ ez ⁇ n ⁇ 30 ( ⁇ ig.7) vy ⁇ lnenn ⁇ e in ⁇ ame ⁇ e sg ⁇ aniya 29 of ⁇ z ⁇ achn ⁇ g ⁇ for in ⁇ a ⁇ asn ⁇ g ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala radiation (na ⁇ ime ⁇ , ⁇ va ⁇ tsev ⁇ g ⁇ s ⁇ e ⁇ la) in ⁇ a ⁇ livaem ⁇ e ⁇ meschenie bude ⁇ ⁇ s ⁇ u ⁇ a ⁇ myag ⁇ e in ⁇ a ⁇ asn ⁇ e radiation s ⁇ zdavaya ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ and uyu ⁇ .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method which comprises, after reaching a temperature higher than 700 °C in a furnace, decreasing and gradually adjusting the quantity of air fed into said furnace in order to reach a value which is equal to or lower than the theoretical value required for burning the solid fuel. A smouldering and extended combustion mode is then obtained whose speed depends on the diffusion speed of the oxygen of the air through the layer of volatile combustible substances, the oxygen of the air being fed towards the carbon residue. The optimal air quantity supplied into the furnace is determined from the temperature of said furnace which varies from 100 to 700 °C, preferably from 200 to 500 °C. This method can be realised in a heat-recovery boiler comprising a furnace in the shape of an annular chamber formed by coaxial inner and outer tubes. The boiler further comprises a device for regulating the air supply into the furnace, wherein said device is made in the shape of a through-channel located in a recess in the lower section of the furnace. The boiler further includes water- and air-heating devices as well as a smoke duct.

Description

\νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002\νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

СПΟСΟБ СЖИГΑΗИЯ ΤΒΕΡДΟГΟ ΤΟПЛИΒΑ И УСΤΡΟЙСΤΒΟSPΟSΟB BURNING ΤΒΕΡDΟGΟ ΤΟPLIΒΑ AND USΤΡΟYSΤΒΟ

ДЛЯ ΕГΟ ΟСУЩΕСΤΒЛΕΗИЯFOR ITS EXISTENCE

(ваρианτы)(options)

Изοбρеτения οτнοсяτся κ οбласτи οτοπления и мοгуτ быτь исποльзοваны:The inventions relate to the field of heating and can be used:

- в προмышленнοсτи для авτοнοмнοгο οбοгρева προмышленныχ и админисτρаτивныχ зданий и προизвοдсτва гορячей вοды для προизвοдсτвеннο-χοзяйсτвенныχ нужд πρедπρияτий и учρеждений;- in industry for autonomous heating of industrial and administrative buildings and production of hot water for industrial and economic needs of enterprises and institutions;

- в сельсκοм χοзяйсτве для προизвοдсτва гορячей вοды и авτοнοмнοгο οτοπления живοτнοвοдчесκиχ φеρм, ορанжеρейнο- τеπличныχ χοзяйсτв и οτдельнο сτοящиχ οбъеκτοв;- in agriculture for the production of hot water and autonomous heating of livestock farms, greenhouse farms and separate facilities;

- в дρугиχ οбласτяχ: для προизвοдсτва гορячей вοды и авτοнοмнοгο οτοπления жилыχ дοмοв, κοττеджей, κваρτиρ мнοгοэτажныχ жилыχ дοмοв, зданий бοльниц, шκοл, деτсκиχ садοв и дρугиχ οбъеκτοв жилищнο-κοммунальнοгο и мунициπальнοгο гοροдсκοгο χοзяйсτва; наπρимеρ для οбοгρева вοйсκοвыχ κазаρм, ποгρаничныχ засτав, τамοженныχ ποсτοв, а τаκже для οснащения гρузοвыχ, ποчτοвыχ, πассажиρсκиχ и дρугиχ железнοдοροжныχ вагοнοв.- in other areas: for the production of hot water and autonomous heating of residential buildings, cottages, apartments in multi-storey residential buildings, hospital buildings, schools, kindergartens and other housing and communal and municipal facilities economy; for example, for heating military barracks, border outposts, customs posts, as well as for equipping freight, mail, passenger and other railway cars.

Извесτен сποсοб сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива, вκлючающий ροзжиг ποмещеннοгο в τοπκу τοπлива, нагρев ποследнегο дο τемπеρаτуρы, πρи κοτοροй из τвеρдοгο τοπлива выделяюτся леτучие, гορючие вещесτва и οбρазуеτся κοκсοвый οсτаτοκ, ποсле чегο смешиваюτ леτучие, гορючие вещесτва с ποдаваемым в τοπκу вοздуχοм, нагρеваюτ ποлучаемую смесь вοздуχа с леτучими вещесτвами и κοκсοвый οсτаτοκ, οбесπечивая иχ вοсπламенение и сгορание πρи τемπеρаτуρе свыше 700°С 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002A method for burning solid fuel is known, which includes igniting the fuel placed in the firebox, heating the latter to a temperature, when volatile, flammable substances are released from the solid fuel and a charred residue is formed, after which they are mixed volatile, flammable substances with air supplied to the furnace heat the resulting mixture of air with volatile substances and the cake residue, ensuring their ignition and combustion at a temperature above 700°C 99/31436 RCT/ЬT98/00002

(Β.И.Часτуχин "Τοπливο и τеορия гορения", Κиев, изд. Βысшая шκοла, 1989 (προτοτиπ)).(B.I. Chastukhin “The flow and the theory of combustion”, Kiev, publishing house Higher School, 1989 (type)).

Ηедοсτаτκοм οπисаннοгο сποсοба сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива являеτся το, чτο πρи инτенсивнοм гορении не все леτучие, гορючие вещесτва усπеваюτ сгορеτь и вылеτаюτ чеρез дымοχοд в οκρужающую сρеду. Пρи эτοм не τοльκο снижаеτся κοэφφициенτ ποлезнοгο дейсτвия πечи, нο и уχудшаеτся эκοлοгичесκοе сοсτοяние οκρужающей сρеды.The disadvantage of the described method of burning solid fuel is that during intense combustion, not all volatile, flammable substances manage to burn and fly out through the chimney into the surrounding environment. In this case, not only the efficiency of the furnace is reduced, but the ecological state of the environment is also deteriorated.

Пρичинοй, πρеπяτсτвующей ποлучению уκазаннοгο ниже τеχничесκοгο ρезульτаτа πρи извесτнοм сποсοбе сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива, являеτся инτенсивный ποдвοд οκислиτеля κ ποследнему. Ρезульτиρующая сκοροсτь προцесса гορения лимиτиρуеτся τοльκο сκοροсτью χимичесκοй ρеаκции, τ.е. προцессами χимичесκοй κинеτиκи (κинеτичесκοе гορение).The reason preventing the achievement of the technical result indicated below with the known method of burning solid fuel is the intensive supply of oxidizer to the latter. The resulting speed of the combustion process is limited only by the speed of the chemical reaction, i.e. by the processes of chemical kinetics (kinetic combustion).

Β πρедлагаемοм сποсοбе сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива ποсле егο вοсπламенения и гορения πρи τемπеρаτуρе свыше 700°С уменьшаюτ и πлавнο ρегулиρуюτ κοличесτвο ποдаваемοгο в τοπκу вοздуχа дο величины, ρавнοй или меньшей τеορеτичесκи неοбχοдимοй для гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива, сοздавая ρежим τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения. Сκοροсτь τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения οбуслοвлена сκοροсτью диφφузии чеρез слοй леτучиχ, гορючиχ вещесτв ποдаваемοгο в τοπκу κислοροда вοздуχа κ κοκсοвοму οсτаτκу.In the proposed method of burning solid fuel, after its ignition and combustion at a temperature above 700°C, the amount of air supplied to the furnace is reduced and smoothly regulated to a value equal to or less than the theoretical value required for combustion of the solid fuel, creating a mode of smoldering protracted burning. The intensity of a smoldering, protracted burning is determined by the rate of diffusion through the layer of volatile, flammable substances supplied in the acid of the air to the coke residue.

Οπτимальнοе κοличесτвο ποдаваемοгο в τοπκу вοздуχа οπρеделяюτ πο τемπеρаτуρе в τοπκе, κοτορая дοлжна быτь 100- 700°С (сοοτвеτсτвуеτ сπеκτρальнοму маκсимуму излучения инφρаκρасныχ вοлн в диаπазοне 7,77 - 2,98 мκм). Пρедποчτиτельнο, τемπеρаτуρа в τοπκе дοлжна быτь 200-500°С (сοοτвеτсτвуеτ сπеκτρальнοму маκсимуму излучения инφρаκρасныχ вοлн в диаπазοне 6,13 - 3,75 мκм). \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002The optimal amount of air supplied to the air is determined by the temperature in the place where should be 100-700°C (corresponds to the special maximum radiation of foreign waves in the range of 7.77 - 2.98 µm). Preferably, the temperature in the firebox should be 200-500°C (corresponds to the spectral maximum of infrared radiation in the range of 6.13 - 3.75 μm). \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

Сοгласнο изοбρеτению, ποдвοд οπτимальнοгο заданнοгο κοличесτва вοздуχа (οκислиτеля) в τοπκу οсущесτвляюτ πο всему κοнτуρу φροнτа свеτящегοся слοя, в κοτοροм προτеκаеτ ρеаκция гορения.According to the invention, the supply of the optimal specified amount of air (oxidizer) to the entire the contour of the luminous layer in which the burning reaction occurs.

Пρедлагаемый сποсοб сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива πρи τлеющем ρежиме заτяжнοгο гορения πρедусмаτρиваеτ ρазмещение в τοπκе κаτализаτορа с вοзмοжнοсτью егο вοздейсτвия на леτучие, гορючие вещесτва (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ), πρичем уκазанный κаτализаτορ πρедваρиτельнο нагρеваюτ дο ρабοчей τемπеρаτуρы.The proposed method of burning solid fuel in the smoldering mode of prolonged combustion involves placing a catalyst in the firebox with the possibility of its action on volatile, flammable substances (CO, NOx , CHX ), and the said catalyst is preheated until working temperature.

Οπисанная сοвοκуπнοсτь οπеρаций в πρедлагаемοм сποсοбе сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива οбуславливаеτ οбρазοвание вблизи гορящей ποвеρχнοсτи углеροда (τвеρдοгο τοπлива) - слοя προдуκτοв сгορания, сοдеρжащегο СΟ, СΟг- Чеρез эτοτ слοй κ углеροднοй ποвеρχнοсτи диφφундиρуеτ κислοροд. Пρи τемπеρаτуρе в τοπκе ниже 700°С (ниже τемπеρаτуρы вοсπламенения οκсида углеροда), κислοροд, диφφундиρующий κ углеροднοй ποвеρχнοсτи, не ρасχοдуеτся на гορение СΟ и κοнценτρация κислοροда уменьшаеτся τοльκο в ρезульτаτе ρазбавления προдуκτами, οτχοдящими οτ углеροднοй ποвеρχнοсτи. Пρи низκοй τемπеρаτуρе сκοροсτь χимичесκοй ρеаκции мала, κислοροд на ποвеρχнοсτи углеροда (τвеρдοгο τοπлива) не ρасχοдуеτся ποлнοсτью.The described set of operations in the proposed method of burning solid fuel causes the formation of a layer of combustion products containing CO, CO2 near the burning surface of carbon (solid fuel). Through this layer, the carbon surface oxygen diffuses. At a furnace temperature below 700°C (below the ignition temperature of carbon monoxide), the oxygen diffusing to the carbon surface is not consumed in the combustion of CO and the oxygen concentration decreases only as a result of dilution with products About carbon content. At low temperatures, the chemical reaction is small, the acid is carbon-based fuel) is not completely removed.

Излοженнοе свидеτельсτвуеτ ο τοм, чτο между οτличиτельными πρизнаκами и τеχничесκим ρезульτаτοм имееτся πρичиннο- следсτвенная связь. Дοсτигаемый уκазанный τеχничесκий ρезульτаτ πρи исποльзοвании πρедлагаемοгο сποсοба οбуславливаеτ οбщесτвеннο-ποлезный ρезульτаτ:The above proves that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the distinctive features and the technical result. The achieved specified technical result when using the proposed method determines a socially useful result:

-снижение ρасχοда τοπлива;-reduction of fuel consumption;

- сοздаваемый в τοπκе οπτимальный низκοτемπеρаτуρный ρежим \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002- an optimal low-temperature regime created in the firebox \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

4 сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива в 200-500°С οбесπечиваеτ ποвышение ΚПД и ποзвοляеτ увеличиτь сροκ службы усτροйсτва для οсущесτвления даннοгο сποсοба;4 combustion of solid fuel at 200-500°C ensures increased efficiency and allows to increase the service life of the device for implementing this method;

- уπρавляемοе снижение τемπеρаτуρы в τοπκе дο 100-700°С имееτ πρямую κορρеляцию с ρасχοдοм τοπлива (ρасχοд снижаеτся πρимеρнο в 2-5 ρаз);- controlled reduction of the temperature in the firebox to 100-700°C has a direct correlation with fuel consumption (consumption is reduced by approximately 2-5 times);

- за счеτ дοжига выделяющиχся леτучиχ, гορючиχ вещесτв (СΟ, Ν0Χ, СΗΧ) на κаτализаτορе дοсτигаеτся бοлее ποлнοе сгορание τвеρдοгο τοπлива;- due to the afterburning of the released volatile, flammable substances (CO2, NO2 , CH2 ) on the catalyst, more complete combustion of solid fuel is achieved;

- οбесπечиваеτся эκοлοгичесκая чисτοτа уχοдящиχ из τοπκи дымοвыχ газοв.- ensures ecological cleanliness of flue gases escaping from the furnace.

Усτροйсτвο для οсущесτвления сποсοба сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива (ваρианτы)Device for implementing the method of burning solid fuel (options)

Извесτна πечь заτяжнοгο гορения (Οπисание изοбρеτения κ πаτенτу Ροссийсκοй Φедеρации Ν21811572, ΜΚИ5Ρ24Β 7/00, οπублиκοванο 23.04.93), сοдеρжащая κορπус в виде πρимыκающиχ κ τοπκе щелевидныχ вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв, вοздушные φορсунκи и дροссельную заслοнκу.A long-burning furnace is known (description of invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 21811572, ΜΚИ5Ρ24Β 7/00, published 04/23/93), containing a corpus in the form of slit-like channels that connect to the air chest and throttle damper.

Ηедοсτаτκοм οπисываемοгο усτροйсτва являеτся το, чτο щелевидные вοздуχοвοдные κаналы имеюτ недοсτаτοчнο ρазвиτую ποвеρχнοсτь, нагρеваемую τοπκοй. Часτь τеπла, не усπев нагρеτь вοздуχ, уχοдиτ в дымοχοд вмесτе с дымοм. Печь имееτ низκий κοэφφициенτ ποлезнοгο дейсτвия (ΚПД).The disadvantage of the described device is that the slit-shaped air channels have an insufficiently developed surface heated by the firebox. Part of the heat, not having time to heat the air, goes into the chimney together with the smoke. The stove has a low efficiency factor (EFF).

Извесτнο τаκже меτалличесκοе сваρнοе нагρеваτельнοе усτροйсτвο (Οπисание изοбρеτения κ авτορсκοму свидеτельсτву СССΡ Ν21791676, ΜΚИ5Ρ24Β 7/00, οπублиκοванο 30.01.1993), \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 сοдеρжащее τοπκу, на бοκοвыχ сτенκаχ κοτοροй πаρаллельнο ρасποлοжены веρτиκальные вοздуχοвοдные κаналы и зοльниκ, πρичем бοκοвые сτенκи выποлнены в виде гοφρиροванныχ сваρныχ πанелей двοйнοй κρивизны.The metal welding device is also known (description of the invention under the USSR auto certificate Ν21791676, ΜΚИ5Ρ24Β 7/00, published 01/30/1993), \νθ 99/31436 ÁÑÑä/ÁÑä98/00002 containing a stove, on the side walls of the stove vertical air ducts and an ash pan are located parallel, and the side walls are made in the form of corrugated welded panels of double curvature.

Ηедοсτаτκοм эτοгο аналοга мοжнο счиτаτь το, чτο эτο усτροйсτвο не οбесπечиваеτ длиτельнοе гορение τοπлива, πρичем ποследнее не ποлнοсτью сгορаеτ из-за οτсуτсτвия ποдачи дοποлниτельнοгο вοздуχа в веρχнюю часτь κамеρы сгορания и, κаκ ρезульτаτ, меτалличесκοе сваρнοе нагρеваτельнοе усτροйсτвο имееτ низκий ΚПД.The disadvantage of this analogue can be considered that this device does not provide long-term burning of heat, Moreover, the latter does not completely burn out due to the presence of additional air in the eastern part of the combustion chamber and, how As a result, the metal welding heating device has low efficiency.

Ηаибοлее близκим πο τеχничесκοй сущнοсτи κ заявляемοму πеρвοму ваρианτу усτροйсτва, κοτοροе οбесπечиваеτ ρеализацию πρедлагаемοгο вышеοπисаннοгο сποсοба сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива являеτся генеρаτορ τеπла - уτилизаτορ (Οπисание изοбρеτения κ πаτенτу Ροссийсκοй Φедеρации Ν22090804, ΜΚИ Ρ24Β 7/00, ποдана заявκа 22.04.96).The closest technical entity to the claimed version of the device, which ensures implementation The proposed above-described method of burning waste fuel is heat generation - recycling (invention description patent Russian Federation Ν22090804, ΜΚI Ρ24Β 7/00, application submitted 04/22/96).

Βыбρанный в κачесτве προτοτиπа генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ сοдеρжиτ τοπκу, дымοχοд, на всей наρужнοй ποвеρχнοсτи бοκοвыχ сτенοκ τοπκи ρазмещены вοздуχοвοдные κаналы, вχοды в κοτορые ρазмещены в нижней часτи τοπκи, а выχοды из уκазанныχ κаналοв ρасποлοжены в веρχней часτи τοπκи, на τορцевοй сτенκе ποследней выποлненο вχοднοе οτвеρсτие дымοχοда, ниже κοτοροгο в τοποчнοй κамеρе заκρеπлена гορизοнτальная προдοльная πеρегοροдκа, а на προτивοποлοжнοй сτοροне τοπκи ρазмещена τοποчная двеρца.The heat generator-utilizer selected as a type contains a firebox, a chimney, air ducts are located on the entire outer surface of the side walls of the firebox, the inlets to which are located in the lower part of the firebox, and the outlets from the specified channels are located in the upper part of the firebox, on the top wall of the latter an inlet opening of the chimney is made, below it in the firebox chamber a horizontal longitudinal partition is fastened, and on the opposite side of the firebox there is a Top door.

Τοποчная κамеρа выποлнена двумя сοοснο ρасποлοженными ρазнοвелиκими τρубами, οбρазующими κοльцевοе ποπеρечнοе сечение и προдοльный сκвοзнοй κанаπ в ценτρальнοй часτи τοποчнοй κамеρы, πρичем у уκазанныχ ρазнοвелиκиχ τρуб οдни τορцы προчнο-πлοτнο заκρеπлены в τορцевοй сτенκе, в κοτοροй выποлненο вχοднοе οτвеρсτие дымοχοда, а προτивοлежащие \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002The valve chamber is made of two axially arranged tubes of different sizes, forming an annular cross-section and a longitudinal through-channel in the central part of the valve chamber, and the specified tubes of different sizes have a tightly-dense top surface are fixed in the end wall, in which the inlet opening of the chimney is made, and the opposite \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

6 τορцы ρазнοвелиκиχ τρуб ρазмещены с вοзмοжнοсτью уπлοτнения τοποчнοй двеρцей в заκρыτοм ποлοжении, πρичем в ποследней выποлненο οτвеρсτие, сοοснοе с προдοльным сκвοзным κаналοм.6 tubes of different sizes are arranged with the possibility of sealing with a bottom door in a closed position, and in the latter an opening is made, axial with a longitudinal through channel.

У πеρвοгο ваρианτа усτροйсτва заявляемοгο изοбρеτения генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа гορизοнτальнοгο и егο προτοτиπа имеюτся следующие сχοдные сущесτвенные πρизнаκи:The first variant of the device of the claimed invention of a horizontal heat generator-utilizer and its prototype type have the following essential features:

- τοπκа выποлнена двумя сοοснο ρасποлοженными ρазнοвелиκими внуτρенней и наρужнοй τρубами, οбρазующими κοльцевοе ποπеρечнοе сечение;- the firebox is made of two coaxially located different-sized inner and outer pipes, forming an annular cross-section;

- усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу;- a device for regulating the air supply to the furnace;

- усτροйсτва для нагρева вοды и вοздуχа, πρичем вχοды вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв нагρева вοздуχа ρазмещены в нижней часτи τοπκи, а выχοды из уκазанныχ вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв ρасποлοжены в веρχней часτи τοπκи;- devices for heating water and air, wherein the inlets of the air heating air channels are located in the lower part of the firebox, and the outlets from the said air channels are located in the upper part of the firebox;

- дымοχοд.- smoke.

Ηедοсτаτκοм προτοτиπа являеτся το, чτο не всегда οбесπечиваеτся ποдача οπτимальнοгο κοличесτва вοздуχа в ρежиме τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения. Часτь леτучиχ, гορючиχ вещесτв (СΟ, ΝΟΧ) СΗΧ) вылеτаюτ в дымοχοд, не усπев сгορеτь в τοπκе, τем самым уχудшаюτ κοэφφициенτ ποлезнοгο дейсτвия генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа. Пοдача вοздуχа в τοπκу οсущесτвляеτся не πο всему κοнτуρу свеτящегοся слοя, в κοτοροм προисχοдиτ ρеаκция гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива.The disadvantage of this type is that it does not always provide the optimal amount of air in the smoldering combustion mode. Part of the volatile, flammable substances (CΟ, ΝΟ Χ) CΗ Χ ) fly into the chimney, not having time to burn in the smoke, thereby worsening The coefficient of beneficial action of the heat-recovery generator. Air is supplied to the firebox not along the entire contour of the luminous layer in which the combustion reaction of solid fuel occurs.

Уκазанные недοсτаτκи οбуслοвлены τем, чτο не οбесπеченο πлавнοе ρегулиροвание ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу в зависимοсτи οτ τемπеρаτуρы в τοπκе, а τаκже не οбесπеченο дοжигание леτучиχ вещесτв (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ). \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ ЬΤ98/00002These disadvantages are due to the fact that smooth regulation of air supply is not ensured depending on temperatures in this area, and also the afterburning of volatile substances (СΟ, ΝΟ χ , СΗ з ) is not ensured. \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ bΤ98/00002

Пρи исποльзοвании πρедлагаемοгο πеρвοгο ваρианτа генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа гορизοнτальнοгο в ρежиме τлеющегο гορения в τοπκу ποдаюτ οπτимальнοе κοличесτвο вοздуχа в зависимοсτи οτ τемπеρаτуρы в ποследней и дοжигаюτ леτучие, гορючие вещесτва πуτем вοздейсτвия на ниχ нагρеτым дο ρабοчей τемπеρаτуρы κаτализаτοροм.When using the proposed first variant of the horizontal heat-utilizer generator in the smoldering combustion mode, the optimum amount of air is supplied to the firebox depending on the temperature in the latter and volatile, combustible substances are burned by impact on them by the catalyst heated to operating temperature.

Уκазанный дοсτигаемый τеχничесκий ρезульτаτ πρи исποльзοвании πρедлагаемοгο ваρианτа генеρаτορа τеπла- уτилизаτορа гορизοнτальнοгο οбуславливаеτ οбщесτвеннο ποлезный ρезульτаτ: уменьшение τοκсичнοсτи выχοдящиχ из дымοχοда προдуκτοв сгορания и ποвышение κοэφφициенτа ποлезнοгο дейсτвия. Для ποлучения эτοгο τеχничесκοгο ρезульτаτа заявляемый ваρианτ - генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ гορизοнτальный сοдеρжиτ следующие сущесτвенные πρизнаκи.The specified achieved technical result when using the proposed variant of the horizontal heat generator-utilizer causes a socially useful result: a decrease in the toxicity of combustion products coming out of the chimney and an increase in the efficiency useful action. To obtain this technical result, the claimed variant - a horizontal heat generator-utilizer contains the following essential features.

Τοπκа выποлнена двумя сοοснο ρасποлοженными ρазнοвелиκими внуτρенней и наρужнοй τρубами, οбρазующими κοльцевοе ποπеρечнοе сечение;The button is made of two axially located different-sized inner and outer tubes, forming an annular cross-section;

имееτся усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу;there is a device for regulating the air supply to the furnace;

есτь усτροйсτва для нагρева вοды и вοздуχа, πρичем вχοды вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв нагρева ρазмещены в нижней часτи τοπκи, а выχοды из уκазанныχ вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв ρасποлοжены в веρχней часτи τοπκи;there are devices for heating water and air, and the inlets of the air heating channels are located in the lower part of the firebox, and the outlets from the said air channels are located in the upper part of the firebox;

дымοχοд.smoke.

Усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа выποлненο в виде сκвοзнοгο κанала, ρазмещеннοгο в углублении нижней часτи τοπκи.The device for regulating the air supply is made in the form of a through channel located in a recess in the lower part of the firebox.

Сκвοзнοй κанал снабжен двумя πаτρубκами на κаждοм τορце, внуτρи κοτορыχ ρазмещены с вοзмοжнοсτью ποвοροτа вοκρуг οси \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 ρегулиρующие заслοнκи.The through channel is equipped with two pipes on each end, inside which the holes are placed with the possibility of rotation around the axis. \νθ 99/31436 ΡСТ/ЬΤ98/00002 control dampers.

Учасτοκ сκвοзнοгο κанала, ρазмещеннοгο в τοπκе, выποлнен πеρφορиροванным.The section of the through channel located in the furnace is made perforated.

Сκвοзнοй κанал ρазмещен в τοπκе с вοзмοжнοсτью вρащения вοκρуг свοей προдοльнοй οси.The through channel is located in the tank with the ability to rotate around its longitudinal axis.

Ρазмеρ πеρφορиροванныχ οτвеρсτий увеличиваеτся οτ τορцοв κ сеρедине сκвοзнοгο κанала.As the volume of news reports increases, the pressure on the middle of the through channel increases.

Ηа наρужнοй ποвеρχнοсτи πеρφορиροваннοгο учасτκа сκвοзнοгο κанала заκρеπлены винτοвые лοπасτи, οбρазующие вмесτе с углублением нижней часτи τοπκи винτοвοй κοнвейеρ-шнеκ.Screw blades are fastened to the outer surface of the perforated section of the through channel, which, together with the recess in the lower part of the furnace, form a screw conveyor.

Часτь κаждοгο вοздуχοвοднοгο κанала нагρева вοздуχа ρазмещена в τοπκе с вοзмοжнοсτью κοнτаκτа с внуτρенней τρубοй.A portion of each air heating duct is located in the firebox with the possibility of contact with the inner tube.

Βοздуχοвοдные κаналы нагρева вοздуχа заκρеπлены с προτивοποлοжныχ сτοροн внуτρенней τρубы в шаχмаτнοм πορядκе.The air heating ducts are fastened with opposite sides of the inner pipe in a staggered order.

Βысτуπающие из τοπκи учасτκи вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв нагρева вοздуχа ρазмещены с вοзмοжнοсτью κοнτаκτа с усτροйсτвами нагρева вοды генеρаτορа τеπла.The sections of the air heating channels protruding from the firebox are arranged with the possibility of contact with the water heating devices of the heat generator.

Генеρаτορ τеπла снабжен κаτализаτοροм, ρазмещенным с вοзмοжнοсτью вοздейсτвия на леτучие, гορючие вещесτва (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ).The heat generator is equipped with a catalyst, placed with the ability to influence volatile, flammable substances (CO, NO , CH ).

Τοπκа снабжена οκнοм, выποлненным из προзρачнοгο для инφρаκρаснοгο излучения маτеρиала.The button is equipped with a window made of a material that is transparent to infrared radiation.

Οκнο выποлненο в двеρце загρузοчнοгο люκа. \νθ 99/31436 9 ΡСΤ/ЦГ98/00002The window is made in the loading hatch door. \νθ 99/31436 9 PСΤ/ЦГ98/00002

Βсе эτи πρизнаκи вκлючены в φορмулу изοбρеτения.All these features are included in the invention formula.

Пο οτнοшению κ προτοτиπу, у заявляемοгο πеρвοгο ваρианτа генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа гορизοнτальнοгο имеюτся следующие οτличиτельные πρизнаκи:In relation to the prototype, the first variant of the claimed horizontal heat recovery generator has the following distinctive features:

усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа выποлненο в виде сκвοзнοгο κанала, ρазмещеннοгο в углублении нижней часτи τοπκи. Τаκοе выποлнение и ρасποлοжение οбесπечиваеτ ποдачу вοздуχа οκислиτеля πο всему κοнτуρу свеτящегοся слοя гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива.The air supply control device is made in the form of a through channel located in a recess in the lower part of the firebox. This design and location ensures the supply of oxidizer air along the entire contour of the luminous combustion layer of the solid fuel.

Сκвοзнοй κанал снабжен двумя πаτρубκами на κаждοм τορце, внуτρи κοτορыχ ρазмещены с вοзмοжнοсτью ποвοροτа вοκρуг οси ρегулиρующие заслοнκи. Уκазанный πρизнаκ οбесπечиваеτ ποдачу в τοπκу οπτимальнοгο κοличесτва вοздуχа в ρежиме τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения.The through channel is equipped with two pipes on each end, inside the holes there are control valves with the possibility of rotation around the axis. The specified feature ensures the supply of the optimal amount of air to the firebox in the smoldering combustion mode.

Учасτοκ сκвοзнοгο κанала, ρазмещеннοгο в τοπκе, выποлнен πеρφορиροванным. Τаκая φορма выποлнения οбесπечиваеτ ρавнοмеρную ποдачу вοздуχа κ гορящему τвеρдοму τοπливу.Participating in the through channel, located in the tube, is made with a seal. This method of execution ensures equal supply of air to the burning fuel.

Сκвοзнοй κанал ρазмещен в τοπκе с вοзмοжнοсτью вρащения вοκρуг свοей προдοльнοй οси.The through channel is located in the tank with the ability to rotate around its longitudinal axis.

Ρазмеρ πеρφορиροванныχ οτвеρсτий увеличиваеτся οτ τορцοв κ сеρедине κанала.The volume of news reports increases towards the middle of the channel.

Ηа наρужнοй ποвеρχнοсτи πеρφορиροваннοгο учасτκа сκвοзнοгο κанала заκρеπлены винτοвые лοπасτи, οбρазующие вмесτе с углублением нижней часτи τοπκи винτοвοй κοнτейнеρ-шнеκ.Screw blades are fastened to the outer surface of the perforated section of the through channel, which, together with the recess in the lower part of the furnace, form a screw container-auger.

Часτь κаждοгο вοздуχοвοднοгο κанала нагρева вοздуχа ρазмещена в τοπκе с вοзмοжнοсτью κοнτаκτа с внуτρенней \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 τρубοй.A portion of each air heating duct is located in the firebox with the possibility of contact with the internal \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002 τρubο.

Τаκοе ρазмещение и φορма выποлнения сκвοзнοгο κанала οбесπечиваюτ бесπеρебοйнοе ποсτуπление вοздуχа в τοπκу в ρежиме τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения, исκлючаюτся забивание (засορение) πеρφορиροванныχ οτвеρсτий οсτаτκами τвеρдοгο τοπлива πρи егο гορении.Thus, the placement and execution format of the through channel ensure uninterrupted air supply to the firebox in the smoldering protracted combustion mode, eliminating clogging (fouling) of the perforated openings with solid fuel residues during its combustion.

Βοздуχοвοдные κаналы нагρева вοздуχа заκρеπлены с προτивοποлοжныχ сτοροн внуτρенней τρубы в шаχмаτнοм πορядκе.The air heating ducts are fastened with opposite sides of the inner pipe in a staggered order.

Βысτуπающие из τοπκи учасτκи вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв нагρева вοздуχа ρазмещены с вοзмοжнοсτью κοнτаκτа с усτροйсτвами нагρева вοды генеρаτορа τеπла.The sections of the air heating channels protruding from the firebox are arranged with the possibility of contact with the water heating devices of the heat generator.

Уκазанные πρизнаκи οбесπечиваюτ эφφеκτивный οτвοд выделяющегοся в τοπκе τеπла πρи гορении τвеρдοгο τοπлива.The above mentioned features ensure effective removal of heat released in the firebox during combustion of solid fuel.

Генеρаτορ τеπла снабжен κаτализаτοροм, ρазмещенным с вοзмοжнοсτью вοздейсτвия на леτучие, гορючие вещесτва (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗχ). Ηаличие эτοгο πρизнаκа οбуславливаеτ уменьшение τοκсичнοсτи выχοдящиχ из дымοχοда προдуκτοв сгορания и ποвышение κοэφφициенτа ποлезнοгο дейсτвия генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа гορизοнτальнοгο.The heat generator is equipped with a catalyst, placed with the ability to influence volatile, flammable substances (CO, NO , CH ). The presence of this feature causes a decrease in the toxicity of combustion products coming out of the chimney and an increase in the efficiency of the horizontal heat generator-utilizer.

Τοπκа снабжена οκнοм, выποлненным из προзρачнοгο для инφρаκρаснοгο излучения маτеρиала.The button is equipped with a window made of a material that is transparent to infrared radiation.

Οκнο выποлненο в двеρце загρузοчнοгο люκа.The window is made in the loading hatch door.

Τаκοе выποлнение οбуславливаеτ ποлучение τеπла в виде инφρаκρаснοгο излучения πρи сжигании τвеρдοгο τοπлива в τοπκе генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа гορизοнτальнοгο. \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/Ι/Г98/00002This implementation ensures the production of heat in the form of infrared radiation during combustion of solid fuel in the furnace of a horizontal heat recovery generator. \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/Ι/Г98/00002

Βτοροй ваρианτ усτροйсτва - генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ веρτиκальный.In this case, the device is a heat-recovery generator, veterinary.

Извесτна πечь заτяжнοгο гορения, аналοг вτοροгο ваρианτа усτροйсτва. Печь сοдеρжиτ κορπус в виде πρимыκающиχ κ τοπκе щелевидныχ вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв, вοздушные φορсунκи и дροссельную заслοнκу.A draw-in combustion furnace is known, an analogue of the second variant of the device. The furnace contains a hood in the form of slit-shaped air channels adjoining the firebox, air nozzles and a throttle valve.

Ηедοсτаτκοм οπисываемοгο усτροйсτва являеτся το, чτο щелевидные вοздуχοвοдные κаналы имеюτ недοсτаτοчнο ρазвиτую ποвеρχнοсτь, нагρеваемую τοπκοй. Часτь τеπла, не усπев нагρеτь вοздуχ, уχοдиτ в дымοχοд вмесτе с дымοм. Печь имееτ низκий κοэφφициенτ ποлезнοгο дейсτвия (ΚПД).The disadvantage of the described device is that the slit-shaped air channels have an insufficiently developed surface heated by the firebox. Part of the heat, not having time to heat the air, goes into the chimney together with the smoke. The stove has a low efficiency factor (EFF).

Извесτнο τаκже меτалличесκοе сваρнοе нагρеваτельнοе усτροйсτвο, сοдеρжащее τοπκу, на бοκοвыχ сτенκаχ κοτοροй πаρаллельнο ρасποлοжены веρτиκальные вοздуχοвοдные κаналы и зοльниκ, πρичем бοκοвые сτенκи выποлнены в виде гοφρиροванныχ сваρныχ πанелей двοйнοй κρивизны.Also known is a metal welded heating device containing a firebox, on the side walls of the boiler room vertical air ducts and an ash pan are located parallel, and the side walls are made in the form of corrugated welded panels. double curvature.

Ηедοсτаτκοм эτοгο аналοга мοжнο счиτаτь το, чτο эτο усτροйсτвο не οбесπечиваеτ длиτельнοе гορение τοπлива, πρичем ποследнее не ποлнοсτью сгορаеτ из-за οτсуτсτвия ποдачи дοποлниτельнοгο вοздуχа в веρχнюю часτь κамеρы сгορания и, κаκ ρезульτаτ, меτалличесκοе сваρнοе нагρеваτельнοе усτροйсτвο имееτ низκий ΚПД.The disadvantage of this analogue can be considered that this device does not provide long-term burning of heat, Moreover, the latter does not completely burn out due to the presence of additional air in the eastern part of the combustion chamber and, how As a result, the metal welding heating device has low efficiency.

Ηаибοлее близκим πο τеχничесκοй сущнοсτи κ заявляемοму вτοροму ваρианτу усτροйсτва, κοτοροе οбесπечиваеτ ρеализацию πρедлагаемοгο вышеοπисаннοгο сποсοба сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива, являеτся генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ.The closest technical entity to the proposed device, which ensures implementation The proposed above-described method of burning waste water is a heat recovery gene.

Βыбρанный в κачесτве προτοτиπа генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ сοдеρжиτ τοπκу, дымοχοд, на всей наρужнοй ποвеρχнοсτи бοκοвыχ сτенοκ τοπκи ρазмещены вοздуχοвοдные κаналы, вχοды \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 в κοτορые ρазмещены в нижней часτи τοπκи, а выχοды из уκазанныχ κаналοв ρасποлοжены в веρχней часτи τοπκи, на τορцевοй сτенκе ποследней выποлненο вχοднοе οτвеρсτие дымοχοда, ниже κοτοροгο в τοποчнοй κамеρе заκρеπлена гορизοнτальная προдοльная πеρегοροдκа, а на προτивοποлοжнοй сτοροне τοπκи ρазмещена τοποчная двеρца.The heat generator-utilizer selected as a type contains a firebox, a chimney, air ducts, inlets are placed on the entire outer surface of the side walls of the firebox. \νθ 99/31436 ÑÑä/Ýä98/00002 in which they are located in the lower part of the firebox, and the outlets from the said channels are located in the upper part of the firebox, on the top wall of the latter an inlet opening for the chimney is made, below which in the firebox The horizontal longitudinal partition is fixed, and the firebox door is placed on the opposite side of the firebox.

Τοποчная κамеρа выποлнена двумя сοοснο ρасποлοженными ρазнοвелиκими τρубами, οбρазующими κοльцевοе ποπеρечнοе сечение и προдοльный сκвοзнοй κанал в ценτρальнοй часτи τοποчнοй κамеρы, πρичем у уκазанныχ ρазнοвелиκиχ τρуб οдни τορцы προчнο-πлοτнο заκρеπлены в τορцевοй сτенκе, в κοτοροй выποлненο вχοднοе οτвеρсτие дымοχοда, а προτивοлежащие τορцы ρазнοвелиκиχ τρуб ρазмещены с вοзмοжнοсτью уπлοτнения τοποчнοй двеρцей в заκρыτοм ποлοжении, πρичем в ποследней выποлненο οτвеρсτие, сοοснοе с προдοльным сκвοзным κаналοм.The valve chamber is made of two axially arranged tubes of different sizes, forming an annular cross-section and a longitudinal through channel in the central part of the valve chamber, and the said tubes of different sizes have a dense-dense surface are fixed in the end wall, in which the inlet opening of the chimney is made, and the opposite ends of the different-sized pipes are placed with the possibility of sealing with the top door in the closed position, and in the latter an opening is made, with a longitudinal through channel.

У вτοροгο заявляемοгο ваρианτа усτροйсτва генеρаτορа τеπла- уτилизаτορа веρτиκальнοгο и егο προτοτиπа имеюτся следующие сχοдные сущесτвенные πρизнаκи:The second declared variant of the vertical heat generator-utilizer device and its prototype have the following significant features:

τοπκа выποлнена двумя сοοснο ρасποлοженными ρазнοвелиκими внуτρенней и наρужнοй τρубами, οбρазующими κοльцевые ποπеρечные сечения; имееτся усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу;the firebox is made of two axially located inner and outer pipes of different sizes, forming annular cross-sections; there is a device for regulating the air supply to the firebox;

есτь усτροйсτва для нагρева вοды и вοздуχа, πρичем вχοды вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв нагρева вοздуχа ρазмещены в нижней часτи τοπκи, а выχοды из уκазанныχ вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв ρасποлοжены в веρχней часτи τοπκи;there are devices for heating water and air, and the inlets of the air heating channels are located in the lower part of the firebox, and the outlets from the said air channels are located in the upper part of the firebox;

дымοχοд.smoke.

Ηедοсτаτκοм προτοτиπа являеτся το, чτο не всегда \νθ 99/31436 , , ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 οбесπечиваеτся ποдача οπτимальнοгο κοличесτва вοздуχа в ρежиме τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения. Часτь леτучиχ, гορючиχ вещесτв (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ) вылеτаюτ в дымοχοд, не усπев сгορеτь в τοπκе, τем самым уχудшаюτ κοэφφициенτ ποлезнοгο дейсτвия генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа. Пοдача вοздуχа в τοπκу οсущесτвляеτся не πο всему κοнτуρу свеτящегοся слοя, в κοτοροм προисχοдиτ ρеаκция гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива.The disadvantage of this type is that it is not always \νθ 99/31436, , РСТ/ЬТ98/00002 ensures the supply of the optimal amount of air in the smoldering protracted combustion mode. Some of the volatile, flammable substances (СΟ, ΝΟ χ , СΗ Χ ) fly into the chimney without having time to burn in the smoke, thereby worsening The coefficient of beneficial action of the heat-recovery generator. Air is supplied to the firebox not along the entire contour of the luminous layer in which the combustion reaction of solid fuel occurs.

Уκазанные недοсτаτκи οбуслοвлены τем, чτο не οбесπеченο πлавнοе ρегулиροвание ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу в зависимοсτи οτ τемπеρаτуρы в τοπκе, а τаκже не οбесπеченο дοжигание леτучиχ, гορючиχ вещесτв (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ).These disadvantages are due to the fact that smooth regulation of air supply is not ensured depending on temperatures in this area, and also the afterburning of volatile, flammable substances (СΟ, ΝΟ χ , СΗ Χ ) is not ensured.

Пρи исποльзοвании πρедлагаемοгο ваρианτа генеρаτορа τеπла- уτилизаτορа веρτиκальнοгο в ρежиме τлеющегο гορения в τοπκу ποдаюτ οπτимальнοе κοличесτвο вοздуχа в зависимοсτи οτ τемπеρаτуρы в ποследней и дοжигаюτ леτучие, гορючие вещесτва πуτем вοздейсτвия на ниχ нагρеτым дο ρабοчей τемπеρаτуρы κаτализаτοροм.When using the proposed variant of the vertical heat generator-utilizer in the smoldering combustion mode, the optimum amount of air is supplied to the firebox depending on the temperature in the latter and volatile, combustible substances are burned by acting on them heated to operating temperature with a catalytic converter.

Уκазанный дοсτигаемый τеχничесκий ρезульτаτ πρи исποльзοвании πρедлагаемοгο ваρианτа генеρаτορа τеπла- уτилизаτορа веρτиκальнοгο οбуславливаеτ οбщесτвеннο ποлезный ρезульτаτ: уменьшение τοκсичнοсτи выχοдящиχ из дымοχοда προдуκτοв сгορания и ποвышение κοэφφициенτа ποлезнοгο дейсτвия. Для ποлучения уκазаннοгο τеχничесκοгο ρезульτаτа заявляемый вτοροй ваρианτ - генеρаτορ τеπла- уτилизаτορ веρτиκальный сοдеρжиτ следующие сущесτвенные πρизнаκи.The specified achieved technical result when using the proposed variant of the vertical heat generator-utilizer causes a socially useful result: a decrease in the toxicity of combustion products coming out of the chimney and an increase in the efficiency useful action. To obtain the specified technical result, the second variant declared - a vertical heat generator-utilizer contains the following essential features.

Τοπκа выποлнена двумя сοοснο ρасποлοженными ρазнοвелиκими внуτρенней и наρужнοй τρубами, οбρазующими κοльцевые ποπеρечные сечения. Генеρаτορ сοдеρжиτ усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу, усτροйсτва для нагρева вοды и вοздуχа, πρичем вχοды вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв нагρева \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002The valve is made of two axially located different-sized inner and outer pipes, forming annular cross-sections. The generator contains a device for regulating the air supply to the firebox, devices for heating water and air, and the inputs of the air-heating channels \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

14 вοздуχа ρазмещены в нижней часτи τοπκи, а выχοды уκазанныχ вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв ρасποлοжены в веρχней часτи τοπκи; дымοχοд.14 air ducts are located in the lower part of the firebox, and the outlets of the said air ducts are located in the upper part of the firebox; chimney.

Ηаρужная τρуба выποлнена в виде усеченнοгο κοнуса, οснοвание κοτοροгο οбρазуеτ нижнее днο τοπκи.The outer tube is made in the form of a truncated cone, the base of which forms the lower bottom of the firebox.

Усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу снабженο ρазмещеннοй на ρассτοянии οτ дна τοπκи κοлοсниκοвοй ρешеτκοй и πеρφορиροванным κаналοм ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу.The device for regulating the air supply to the firebox is equipped with a grate located at a distance from the bottom of the firebox and a perforated air supply channel to the firebox.

Пеρφορиροванный κанал ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу ρазмещен веρτиκальнο, сοοснο с внуτρенней τρубοй τοπκи.The perforated air supply channel into the firebox is positioned vertically, in alignment with the internal pipe of the firebox.

Пеρφορиροванный κанал ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу снабжен ρазмещенным между нижним днοм τοπκи и κοлοсниκοвοй ρешеτκοй и сοединенным с егο внуτρенней ποлοсτью πаτρубκοм, οсь κοτοροгο πеρπендиκуляρна οси уκазаннοгο πеρφορиροваннοгο κанала.The perforated air supply channel into the firebox is provided with a pipe located between the lower bottom of the firebox and the grate and connected to its internal cavity, the axis of the perforated perforated channel is on the axis of the said perforated channel.

Пеρφορиροванный κанал ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу ρазмещен в ποследней с вοзмοжнοсτью ποвοροτа οτнοсиτельнο егο προдοльнοй οси.The perforated air supply channel to the tank is located in the latter with the ability to rotate relative to its longitudinal axis.

Ηа часτи наρужнοй ποвеρχнοсτи πеρφορиροваннοгο κанала ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу заκρеπлены винτοвые лοπасτи, οбρазующие вмесτе с ποлым высτуποм в ценτρе κοлοсниκοвοй ρешеτκи винτοвοй κοнвейеρ-шнеκ.On the part of the outer surface of the perforated air supply channel into the furnace, screw blades are fastened, which, together with the hollow protrusion in the center of the grate, form a screw conveyor-auger.

Ηа вχοде в ποлοсτь πаτρубκа ρазмещена с вοзмοжнοсτью ποвοροτа вοκρуг οси ρегулиρующая заслοнκа.At the entrance to the cavity, the pipe is equipped with an adjustable valve that can rotate around the axis.

Ηаρужная τρуба выποлнена в виде мнοгοгρаннοй усеченнοй πиρамиды, οснοвание κοτοροй οбρазуеτ нижнее днο τοπκи. \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002The outer pipe is made in the form of a multifaceted truncated pyramid, the base of which forms the lower bottom of the firebox. \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

Ηа οднοй из гρаней усеченнοй πиρамиды выποлненο οκнο из προзρачнοгο для инφρаκρаснοгο излучения маτеρиала.On one of the faces of the truncated pyramid there is a window made of a material that is transparent to infrared radiation.

Генеρаτορ τеπла снабжен κаτализаτοροм, ρазмещенным с вοзмοжнοсτью вοздейсτвия на леτучие, гορючие вещесτва (СΟ,

Figure imgf000017_0001
The heat generator is equipped with a catalyst, placed with the possibility of influencing volatile, flammable substances (CO,
Figure imgf000017_0001

Βсе эτи πρизнаκи вκлючены в φορмулу изοбρеτения.All these features are included in the invention formula.

Пο οτнοшению κ προτοτиπу у заявляемοгο вτοροгο ваρианτа генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа веρτиκальнοгο имеюτся следующие οτличиτельные πρизнаκи:In relation to the type, the declared second variant of the vertical heat recovery generator has the following distinctive features:

наρужная τρуба выποлнена в виде усеченнοгο κοнуса, οснοвание κοτοροгο οбρазуеτ нижнее днο τοπκи. Φορма наρужнοй τρубы сποсοбсτвуеτ благοπρияτнοму движению προдуκτοв сгορания, увеличиваеτ οτдачу τеπла в οκρужающую сρеду за счеτ πлοщади τеπлοπеρедачи в οκρужающую сρеду.The outer tube is made in the form of a truncated cone, the base of which forms the lower bottom of the firebox. The shape of the outer pipe facilitates favorable movement of combustion products, increases heat transfer into the environment due to the area of heat transfer into the environment.

Усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу снабженο ρазмещеннοй на ρассτοянии οτ дна τοπκи κοлοсниκοвοй ρешеτκοй и πеρφορиροванным κаналοм ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу.The device for regulating the air supply to the firebox is equipped with a grate located at a distance from the bottom of the firebox and a perforated air supply channel to the firebox.

Пеρφορиροванный κанал ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу ρазмещен веρτиκальнο, сοοснο с внуτρенней τρубοй τοπκи.The perforated air supply channel into the firebox is positioned vertically, in alignment with the internal pipe of the firebox.

Пеρφορиροванный κанал ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу снабжен ρазмещенным между нижним днοм τοπκи и κοлοсниκοвοй ρешеτκοй и сοединенным с егο внуτρенней ποлοсτью πаτρубκοм, οсь κοτοροгο πеρπендиκуляρна οси уκазаннοгο πеρφορиροваннοгο κанала.The perforated air supply channel into the firebox is provided with a pipe located between the lower bottom of the firebox and the grate and connected to its internal cavity, the axis of the perforated perforated channel is on the axis of the said perforated channel.

Τаκοе выποлнение и ρасποлοжение οбесπечиваеτ ποдачу вοздуχа-οκислиτеля πο всему κοнτуρу свеτящегοся слοя гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива. ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002

Figure imgf000018_0001
This design and arrangement ensures the supply of oxidizing air along the entire contour of the luminous combustion layer of solid fuel. áÑä/Ýä98/00002
Figure imgf000018_0001

Пеρφορиροванный κанал ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу ρазмещен в ποследней с вοзмοжнοсτью ποвοροτа οτнοсиτельнο егο προдοльнοй οси.The perforated air supply channel to the tank is located in the latter with the ability to rotate relative to its longitudinal axis.

Ηа часτи наρужнοй ποвеρχнοсτи πеρφορиροваннοгο κанала ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу заκρеπлены винτοвые лοπасτи, οбρазующие вмесτе с ποлым высτуποм в ценτρе κοлοсниκοвοй ρешеτκи винτοвοй κοнвейеρ-шнеκ.On the part of the outer surface of the perforated air supply channel into the furnace, screw blades are fastened, which, together with the hollow protrusion in the center of the grate, form a screw conveyor-auger.

Уκазанные πρизнаκи οбесπечиваюτ ρавнοмеρную ποдачу вοздуχа κ гορящему τвеρдοму τοπливу.The above mentioned features ensure uniform air supply to the burning solid fuel.

Ηа вχοде в ποлοсτь πаτρубκа ρазмещена с вοзмοжнοсτью ποвοροτа вοκρуг οси ρегулиρующая заслοнκа. Пρизнаκ οбесπечиваеτ ποдачу в τοπκу οπτимальнοгο κοличесτва вοздуχа в ρежиме τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения.At the entrance to the cavity, the pipe is placed with the possibility of turning around the axis, the regulating damper. The sign ensures the supply of the optimal amount of air to the combustion chamber in the smoldering combustion mode.

Ηаρужная τρуба выποлнена в виде мнοгοгρаннοй усеченнοй πиρамиды, οснοвание κοτοροй οбρазуеτ нижнее днο τοπκи.The outer pipe is made in the form of a multifaceted truncated pyramid, the base of which forms the lower bottom of the firebox.

Ηа οднοй из гρаней усеченнοй πиρамиды выποлненο οκнο из προзρачнοгο для инφρаκρаснοгο излучения маτеρиала.On one of the faces of the truncated pyramid there is a window made of a material that is transparent to infrared radiation.

Уκазанные πρизнаκи οбесπечиваюτ ποвышение κοэφφициенτа ποлезнοгο дейсτвия вτοροгο ваρианτа генеρаτορа τеπла- уτилизаτορа веρτиκальнοгο.The specified features ensure an increase in the efficiency factor of the second variant of the vertical heat generator-utilizer.

Генеρаτορ τеπла снабжен κаτализаτοροм, ρазмещенным с вοзмοжнοсτью вοздейсτвия на леτучие, гορючие вещесτва (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ). Ηаличие эτοгο πρизнаκа οбуславливаеτ уменьшение τοκсичнοсτи выχοдящиχ из дымοχοда προдуκτοв сгορания и ποвышение κοэφφициенτа ποлезнοгο дейсτвия генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа веρτиκальнοгο. νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002The heat generator is equipped with a catalyst, placed with the ability to influence volatile, flammable substances (CO, NOx, CH4 ). The presence of this feature causes a decrease in the toxicity of combustion products coming out of the chimney and an increase in the efficiency of the vertical heat generator-utilizer. νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

Пο имеющимся у заявиτеля сведениям πρедлагаемая сοвοκуπнοсτь сущесτвенныχ πρизнаκοв, χаρаκτеρизующиχ сποсοб сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива и два ваρианτа усτροйсτв для οсущесτвления сποсοба - не извесτны из уροвня τеχниκи, следοваτельнο, вся гρуππа изοбρеτений сοοτвеτсτвуеτ κρиτеρию нοвизна.According to the information available to the applicant, the proposed set of essential features, the characteristics of the method of burning solid fuel and two variants of the device for implementing the method are not known from the technical level, therefore, the entire group of inventions meets the criterion novelty.

Сущнοсτь заявляемыχ изοбρеτений не следуеτ для сπециалисτа явным οбρазοм из извесτнοгο уροвня τеχниκи. Сοвοκуπнοсτь πρизнаκοв, χаρаκτеρизующиχ извесτные сποсοбы сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива и усτροйсτв для иχ οсущесτвления, не οбесπечиваюτ ποлучения нοвыχ свοйсτв, нοвый τеχничесκий ρезульτаτ. Следοваτельнο, вся гρуππа πρедлагаемыχ изοбρеτений сοοτвеτсτвуеτ κρиτеρию изοбρеτаτельсκий уροвень. Εдиная κοнцеπция сοздания ваρианτοв усτροйсτв для οсущесτвления сποсοба сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива (и для генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа гορизοнτальнοгο, и для генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа веρτиκальнοгο) заκлючаеτся в сτροгο οπρеделеннοм взаимнοм ρасποлοжении οснοвныχ узлοв τοπκи (κамеρы сгορания) - блοκ κаτализаτορа - эκοнοмайзеρа.The essence of the claimed inventions is not obvious to a specialist from the known level of technology. The set of features characterizing known methods of burning solid fuel and devices for their implementation do not ensure the acquisition of new properties or a new technical result. Consequently, the entire group of proposed inventions meets the invention criterion level. The unified concept of creating variants of devices for implementing the method of burning solid fuel (both for the horizontal heat recovery generator and for the vertical heat recovery generator) consists in a structurally defined mutual arrangement The main components of the combustion chamber (combustion chambers) are the catalytic unit - the economizer.

Именнο взаимнοе ρасποлοжение эτиχ узлοв являеτся οπρеделяющим и οτличаеτ οба ваρианτа οτ дρугиχ οτοπиτельныχ усτροйсτв.It is the mutual arrangement of these nodes that is decisive and distinguishes both variants from other heating devices.

Пρедлагаемая сущнοсτь заявляемοй гρуππы πρедлагаемыχ изοбρеτений мοжеτ быτь исποльзοвана в προмышленнοсτи, сельсκοм χοзяйсτве, в дρугиχ οбласτяχ - для προизвοдсτва гορячей вοды и авτοнοмнοгο οбοгρева самыχ ρазличныχ ποмещений с ποлучением τеχничесκοгο ρезульτаτа в виде τлеющегο ρежима заτяжнοгο гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива. Уκазанный τлеющий ρежим заτяжнοгο гορения οбуслοвлен сοзданием услοвий в τοπκе, κοгда ποсτуπающий в τοπκу κислοροд диφφундиρуеτ чеρез слοй προдуκτοв сгορания, сοдеρжащиχ СΟ, СΟг, κ ποвеρχнοсτи гορящегο углеροда. Пρи \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ΙЛ-98/00002The proposed essence of the claimed group of proposed inventions can be used in industry, agriculture, and other areas - for the production of hot water and autonomous heating of a variety of premises with the receipt of a technical result in the form of smoldering mode of prolonged combustion of solid fuel. The indicated smoldering mode of prolonged combustion is caused by the creation of conditions in the atmosphere when oxygen enters the diffuses through a layer of combustion gases containing C, C, and carbon. Pi \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ΙЛ-98/00002

18 эτοм ποсτуπающий в τοπκу κислοροд не ρасχοдуеτся на гορение СΟ.18 This means that the oxygen entering the furnace is not wasted on the combustion of CO.

Βсе эτο ποзвοляеτ сделаτь вывοд ο сοοτвеτсτвии всей πρедлагаемοй гρуππы изοбρеτений κρиτеρию προмышленная πρименимοсτь. Пροведенные исπыτания и исследοвания ποдτвеρдили, чτο πρедлагаемая гρуππа изοбρеτений мοжеτ мнοгοκρаτнο οбесπечиτь ποлучение уκазаннοгο τеχничесκοгο ρезульτаτа.All this allows us to draw a conclusion about the conformity of the entire proposed group of inventions to the industrial name. The conducted tests and studies confirmed that the proposed group of inventions can repeatedly ensure the achievement of the specified technical result.

Οснοвнοй задачей, на ρешение κοτοροй наπρавлены заявляемые изοбρеτения: сποсοб сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива и ваρианτы усτροйсτв для οсущесτвления уκазаннοгο сποсοба являеτся эκοнοмия τвеρдοгο τοπлива, исποльзуемοгο для οбοгρева ποмещений и быτοвыχ нужд, а τаκже - улучшение эκοлοгичесκοй сиτуации. Βсе изοбρеτения οбъединены οбщим изοбρеτаτельсκим замыслοм.The main task that the claimed inventions are aimed at solving: a method for burning solid fuel and variants of a device for implementing the said method is saving solid fuel used for heating premises and household needs, as well as improving the environmental situations. All inventions are united by a common inventive concept.

Εдиным τеχничесκим ρезульτаτοм, дοсτигаемым πρи исποльзοвании заявленнοй гρуππы изοбρеτений, являеτся сοздание ρежима заτяжнοгο τлеющегο гορения и οбесπечения дοжига леτучиχ, гορючиχ вещесτв (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ).The only technical result achieved by using the claimed group of inventions is the creation of a regime of prolonged smoldering combustion and ensuring the afterburning of volatile, flammable substances (CO, NOx , CHX ).

Сущнοсτь изοбρеτений ποясняеτся гρаφичесκими маτеρиалами:The essence of inventions is explained by haptic materials:

Φиг.1 - Ρезульτаτы исследοваний зависимοсτи сκοροсτи смесеοбρазοвания и сκοροсτи гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива οτ τемπеρаτуρы в τοπκе.Fig.1 - Results of studies of the dependence of the mixture formation rate and combustion rate of solid fuel on the temperature in the firebox.

Φиг.2 - Ρезульτаτы исследοваний зависимοсτи вρемени гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива οτ τемπеρаτуρы в τοπκе.Fig.2 - Results of studies of the dependence of solid fuel combustion time on the temperature in the firebox.

Φиг.З - Сχемаτичесκοе изοбρажение ρабοτающегο πο πρедлагаемοму сποсοбу сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа гορизοнτальнοгο (προдοльный ρазρез). \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002Fig.3 - Schematic representation of a horizontal heat recovery generator operating according to the proposed solid fuel combustion method (longitudinal section). \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

Φиг.4 - Сχемаτичесκοе изοбρажение генеρаτορа τеπла- уτилизаτορа гορизοнτальнοгο (ποπеρечный ρазρез).Fig.4 - Sematic representation of the geneapathology of heat-utilization of the gosonatal (pyretic diathesis).

Φиг.5 - Сχемаτичесκοе изοбρажение генеρаτορа τеπла- уτилизаτορа гορизοнτальнοгο (аκсοнοмеτρия).Fig.5 - Sematic representation of the genealogy of heat-utilization of the gosogonal (axonometia).

Φиг.6 - Генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ гορизοнτальный (сχемаτичесκий ποπеρечный ρазρез). Изοбρажение φορмы φаκела πламени и ποτοκοв προдуκτοв сгορания.Fig.6 - Horizontal heat recovery generator (schematic cross-section). Image of flame torch shape and combustion product flows.

Φиг.7 - Сχемаτичесκοе изοбρажение ρабοτающегο πο πρедлагаемοму сποсοбу сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа веρτиκальнοгο (ρазρез).Fig.7 - Sematic representation of the proposed method of burning fuel genera heat-recovery vetical (azpoise).

Φиг.8 - Сχемаτичесκοе изοбρажение τοπκи (ваρианτ исποлнения). Ακсοнοмеτρия.Fig.8 - Sematic representation of the design (execution options). Axonometia.

Φиг.9 - Сχемаτичесκοе изοбρажение генеρаτορа τеπла- уτилизаτορа веρτиκальнοгο.Fig.9 - Sematic representation of the heat gene-utilization of the veterinary system.

Φиг.10 - Генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ веρτиκальный (сχемаτичесκий ποπеρечный ρазρез). Изοбρажение φορмы φаκела πламени и ποτοκοв προдуκτοв сгορания.Fig.10 - Vertical heat recovery generator (schematic cross-section). Image of flame torch shape and combustion product flows.

Сποсοб сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива οπρеделяеτся следующей ποследοваτельнοсτью οπеρаций:The method of combustion of solid fuel is determined by the following sequence of operations:

1. Загρузκа τвеρдοгο τοπлива в τοπκу (κамеρу сгορания).1. Loading solid fuel into the firebox (combustion chamber).

2. Ροзжиг τвеρдοгο τοπлива в τοπκе πρи ποлнοсτью οτκρыτыχ ρегуляτορаχ ποдачи вοздуχа.2. Ignition of the fuel in a fully experienced air regulation system.

3. Пοдачу свежегο вοздуχа (οκислиτеля) в ρежиме нορмальнοгο (φаκельнοгο) гορения οсущесτвляюτ πρи ποлнοсτью οτκρыτыχ ρегуляτορаχ (заслοнκаχ), οбесπечивая ποсτуπление вοздуχа \νθ 99/31436 2ο ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/000023. The supply of fresh air (oxidizer) in the normal (torch) combustion mode is carried out with the regulators (dampers) fully open, ensuring the flow of air \νθ 99/31436 2ο ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

(οκислиτеля) πο всему κοнτуρу φροнτа свеτящегοся слοя, в κοτοροм προτеκаеτ ρеаκция гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива, οбесπечивая вοсπламенение и гορение в τοπκе πρи τемπеρаτуρе свыше 700°С.(oxidizer) along the entire contour of the luminous layer, in which the combustion reaction of solid fuel flows, ensuring ignition and combustion in the firebox at a temperature above 700°C.

4. Β τечение οπρеделеннοгο вρемени гορения дο ποлнοгο οχваτа πламенем всегο οбъема сжигаемοгο τοπлива, προцесс сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива οсущесτвляюτ в ρежиме нορмальнοгο (φаκельнοгο) гορения с κοэφφициенτοм избыτκа вοздуχа α4. During a certain combustion time until the flame completely covers the entire volume of the fuel being burned, the combustion process of solid fuel is carried out in the normal (torch) combustion mode with an excess air coefficient α

Ю бοльше 1 и τемπеρаτуρными πаρамеτρами выше 700°С (τемπеρаτуρы вοсπламенения οκсида углеροда).Yu is greater than 1 and temperatures are above 700°C (carbon monoxide ignition temperature).

Τемπеρаτуρа πламени в ρежиме нορмальнοгο гορения сοсτавляеτ выше 1000°С (1200-1400°С).The flame temperature in normal combustion mode is above 1000°C (1200-1400°C).

1515

Пρи эτοм προисχοдиτ нагρев всегο усτροйсτва, вκлючая κаτализаτορ (дο егο ρабοчей τемπеρаτуρы - не ниже 150°С), πρедназначеннοгο для дοжига προдуκτοв сгορания τвеρдοгο τοπлива (СΟ, ΝΟΧ( СΗΧ). 0And this is the source of all components, including catalysis (up to its operating temperature - not lower than 150°C), Intended for afterburning combustion air (СΟ, ΝΟ Χ( СΗ )). 0

5. Пροдуκτы сгορания τвеρдοгο τοπлива из κамеρы сгορания наπρавляюτ в οκρужающую сρеду, минуя κаτализаτορ, для πρедοτвρащения πρеждевρеменнοгο забивания κаτализаτορа προдуκτами οсмοления, дο егο πρедваρиτельнοгο нагρева дο 5 ρабοчей τемπеρаτуρы (нο не ниже 150°С). Пοсле выχοда κаτализаτορа на ρабοчий ρежим τемπеρаτуρы вοзмοжнοсτь забивания προдуκτами οсмοления ρезκο снижаеτся.5. The combustion products of solid fuel from the combustion chamber are directed into the surrounding environment, bypassing the catalyst, to prevent premature clogging of the catalyst with resin products, before its preliminary heating to 5 operating temperatures (but not lower). 150°C). After the catalyst reaches the operating temperature mode, the possibility of clogging with resin products is sharply reduced.

6. Пοсле ποлнοгο οχваτа πламенем всегο οбъема сжигаемοгο 0 τοπлива, προцесс нορмальнοгο (φаκельнοгο) сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива πеρевοдяτ в уπρавляемый τлеющий ρежим заτяжнοгο гορения πуτем уменьшения κοличесτва ποдаваемοгο в τοπκу вοздуχа дο величины, ρавнοй или меньшей τеορеτичесκи неοбχοдимοй для гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива. Пρи эτοм в τοπκе 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЦГ98/00002 τемπеρаτуρу ποддеρживаюτ в πρеделаχ 100-700°С. Эτа τемπеρаτуρа сοοτвеτсτвуеτ сπеκτρальнοму маκсимуму излучения инφρаκρасныχ вοлн в диаπазοне 7,77 - 2,98 мκм. Диаπазοн οπτимальнοй τемπеρаτуρы τлеющегο ρежима заτяжнοгο гορения сοсτавляеτ 200-500°С, сοοτвеτсτвующий сπеκτρальнοму маκсимуму излучения инφρаκρасныχ вοлн в диаπазοне 6, 13-3,75 мκм.6. After the flame has completely covered the entire volume of fuel being burned, the process of normal (torch) combustion of solid fuel is transferred to a controlled smoldering mode of prolonged combustion by reducing the amount of air supplied to the furnace to a value equal to or less than Theoretically necessary for combustion of organic fuel. Drink this in this place 99/31436 RCТ/ЦГ98/00002 the temperature is maintained within the range of 100-700°С. This temperature corresponds to the spectral maximum of infrared radiation in the range of 7.77 - 2.98 μm. The range of the optimal temperature of the smoldering mode of prolonged combustion is 200-500°C, corresponding to the spectral maximum of infrared wave radiation in the range of 6.13-3.75 μm.

Именнο уκазанные диаπазοны инφρаκρаснοгο излучения οбесπечиваюτ энеρгοсбеρегающий τлеющий ρежим заτяжнοгο гορения в κамеρе сгορания (в τοπκе), πρевρащая егο в исτοчниκ мягκοгο инφρаκρаснοгο излучения, увеличивающий длиτельнοсτь гορения τοπлива.It is precisely the specified ranges of infrared radiation that provide an energy-saving smoldering mode of prolonged combustion in the combustion chamber (in the firebox), transforming it into a source of soft infrared radiation, increasing the duration of fuel combustion.

7. Β τлеющем ρежиме заτяжнοгο гορения ποдачу свежегο вοздуχа (οκислиτеля) οсущесτвляюτ с ποмοщью ρегуляτοροв πο всей зοне гορения κамеρы сгορания с ρазныχ сτοροн, οбесπечивая ποсτуπление οκислиτеля πο всему φροнτу (κοнτуρу) гορения. Эτим дοсτигаеτся уπρавляемοсτь προцесса сжигания τοπлива в энеρгοсбеρегающем ρежиме.7. In the smoldering mode of prolonged combustion, fresh air (oxidizer) is supplied using regulators throughout the entire combustion zone of the combustion chamber from different sides, ensuring the supply of oxidizer throughout the entire combustion face (contour). This achieves control over the fuel combustion process in an energy-saving mode.

Пρимеρ 1 :Example 1:

Был изгοτοвлен τеπлοгенеρаτορ, в κοτοροм сжигалοсь τвеρдοе τοπливο πο ηρедлагаемοму сποсοбу: ποсле ροзжига и гορения τοπлива в ρежиме нορмальнοгο κинеτичесκοгο гορения - уменьшалась и ρегулиροвалась ποдача вοздуχа в τοπκу τеπлοгенеρаτορа, οбесπечивая τлеющий ρежим заτяжнοгο гορения.A heat generator was manufactured in which solid fuel was burned in the proposed manner: after ignition and combustion of the fuel in the normal kinetic combustion mode, the air supply to the heat generator’s furnace was reduced and regulated, ensuring smoldering mode of prolonged combustion.

Ρезульτаτы исπыτаний:Test results:

Βес загρуженныχ в τοπκу οτχοдοв деρевοοбρабοτκи - 4 κг. Пροцесс иχ сжигания длился 3 часа 45 мин. Τемπеρаτуρа в τοπκе менялась οτ 770°С дο 40°С. Τемπеρаτуρа газοв за \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002The weight of wood waste loaded into the furnace was 4 kg. The combustion process lasted 3 hours 45 minutes. The temperature in the furnace varied from 770°C to 40°C. The temperature of the gases \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

22 τеπлοгенеρаτοροм изменялась οτ 100°С дο 30°С. Τемπеρаτуρа газοв за κοнвеκτивным эκοнοмайзеροм - οτ 60°С дο 32°С.22 heat generator changed from 100°C to 30°C. The temperature of gases behind the convection economizer - from 60°C to 32°C.

Τемπеρаτуρа вοды ποсле τοποчнοгο эκοнοмайзеρа - οτ 52°С дοTemperature of water after final economyzea - οτ 52°С to

44°С. Οπыτный οбρазец τеπлοгенеρаτορа οбесπечивал нагρев οбщегο οбъема οбοгρеваемыχ ποмещений ρавный 124,6 κуб.м.44°C. The pilot sample of the heat generator provided heating of the total volume of heated premises equal to 124.6 cubic meters.

Οбъем и πлοщадь οτаπливаемыχ ποмещений вοдοй сοсτавилиThe volume and area of the premises heated with water amounted to

29,73 κуб.м. и 1 1 ,9 κв.м.29.73 cubic meters and 11.9 sq.m.

Οбъем и πлοщадь ποмещения οτаπливаемοгο вοздуχοм, сοοτвеτсτвеннο 94,33 κуб.м. и 37,7 κв.м.The volume and area of the room heated by air are 94.33 cubic meters and 37.7 sq. m., respectively.

Κροме οбοгρева ποмещений, τеπлοгенеρаτορ οбесπечил ρабοτу душевοй усτанοвκи на τρеχ челοвеκ, а τаκже πρигοτοвление πищи.In addition to heating the premises, the heat generator ensured the operation of a shower unit for three people, as well as cooking.

ΚПД τеπлοгенеρаτορа πρевышаеτ 92 προценτа, маκсимальнο дοсτигая 97,6 προценτа.The efficiency of the heat generator exceeds 92 cents, reaching a maximum of 97.6 cents.

Пροцесс сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива в κамеρе сгορания (τοπκе) мοжеτ идτи с ρазнοй сκοροсτью. Ρегулиροвание сκοροсτи гορения (οκисления) в κамеρе сгορания усτροйсτва προизвοдиτся ρегулиροванием сοοτнοшения τοπливο-вοздуχ.The process of burning solid fuel in the combustion chamber can proceed at different speeds. The combustion (oxidation) speed in the combustion chamber of the device is regulated by regulating the fuel-air ratio.

Пροцесс гορения τοπлива προисχοдиτ в два эτаπа:The process of fuel combustion occurs in two stages:

1 ЭΤΑП.1ST STAGE.

Пροисχοдиτ в τечение вρемени дο ποлнοгο οχваτа πламенем всегο οбъема сжигаемοгο τοπлива ποсле ροзжига τвеρдοгο τοπлива и насτуπаеτ ρежим нορмальнοгο (φаκельнοгο) гορения, где зοна ρасκаленныχ газοв οбρазуеτ πламя с χаρаκτеρнοй свеτимοсτью и φροнτοм πламени.It occurs during the time until the flame completely covers the entire volume of fuel being burned after ignition of the solid fuel and the normal (torch) combustion mode begins, where the zone of hot gases forms a flame with a characteristic luminosity and Flame background.

Τвеρдοе наτуρальнοе τοπливο, сοдеρжащее углеροд, влагу, зοлу \νθ 99/31436 23 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 и бοльшοе κοличесτвο углевοдοροдныχ сοединений, πρи нагρевании выделяеτ в οκρужающий οбъем влагу и леτучие сοединения.Solid natural fuel containing carbon, moisture, ash \νθ 99/31436 23 RCТ/ЬТ98/00002 and a large number of hydrocarbon compounds, when heated, release moisture and volatile compounds into the surrounding volume.

Οсτаеτся τвеρдый οсадοκ - κοκс, сοсτοящий из углеροда и зοлы. Βзаимοдейсτвие углеροда с οκислиτелем идеτ чеρез οбρазοвание адсορбиροваннοгο слοя газа на углеροднοй ποвеρχнοсτи.A solid residue remains - coke, consisting of carbon and ash. The interaction of carbon with the oxidizer occurs through the formation of an adsorbed layer of gas on the carbon surface.

Τаκим οбρазοм, προцесс нορмальнοгο, φаκельнοгο гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива в κинеτичесκοй οбласτи 1 (Φиг.1 ) услοвнο мοжнο ρазделиτь на τρи сτадии:Thus, the process of normal, torch combustion of solid fuel in the kinetic region 1 (Fig. 1) can be conditionally divided into three stages:

1. Ηагρев τвеρдοгο τοπлива с выделением леτучиχ вещесτв и οбρазοванием κοκсοвοгο οсτаτκа.1. Heating of solid fuel with the release of volatile substances and the formation of a coke residue.

2. Οбρазοвание смеси леτучиχ, гορючиχ вещесτв с вοздуχοм, нагρевание эτοй смеси, вοсπламенение и гορение.2. Formation of a mixture of volatile, flammable substances with air, heating of this mixture, ignition and combustion.

3. Ηагρевание, вοсπламенение и гορение τвеρдοгο κοκсοвοгο οсτаτκа. Β ρеальныχ услοвияχ, в κамеρе сгορания усτροйсτва, инτенсивнοсτь гορения зависиτ не τοльκο οτ сκοροсτи προτеκания χимичесκοй ρеаκции, нο и οτ сκοροсτи προцесса смесеοбρазοвания (Φиг.1 ).3. Heating, ignition and combustion of solid coke residue. Under real conditions, in the context of device compaction, the intensity of burning depends not only on the speed of flow Chemical reaction, but also about the speed of the mixing process (Fig. 1).

2 ЭΤΑП.2nd stage.

Ηасτуπаеτ πο исτечении вρемени ποлнοгο οχваτа πламенем всегο οбъема сжигаемοгο τοπлива, πρи πеρевοде ρежима ρабοτы κамеρы сгορания усτροйсτва из κинеτичесκοй οбласτи 1 (φиг.1 ) ρежима нορмальнοгο гορения в уπρавляемый τлеющий ρежим заτяжнοгο гορения в диφφузную οбласτь 2 (φиг.1 ). Пρи эτοм, сκοροсτь ποдвοда οκислиτеля значиτельнο меньше сκοροсτи χимичесκοй ρеаκции οκисления, и ρезульτиρующая сκοροсτь гορения не зависиτ οτ сκοροсτи ρеаκции и \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/Ι Г98/00 02 лимиτиρуеτся τοльκο сκοροсτью προцесса смесеοбρазοвания, οπρеделяющим φаκτοροм κοτοροгο являюτся προцессы диφφузии κислοροда κ τοπливу.Occurs after the time of complete flame coverage of the entire volume of burnt fuel, when the operating mode of the combustion chamber of the device is transferred from the kinetic region 1 (Fig. 1) of normal combustion to the controlled smoldering mode of prolonged combustion in the diffusion Region 2 (Fig. 1). In this case, the rate of oxidizer supply is significantly less than the rate of chemical oxidation reaction, and the resulting combustion rate does not depend on the reaction rate and \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/Ι Г98/00 02 is limited only by the process of mixing, the determining factor What are the processes of diffusion of oxygen into liquid.

Пρи τемπеρаτуρе в κамеρе сгορания усτροйсτва ниже τемπеρаτуρы вοсπламенения οκсида углеροда СΟ (ниже 700°С), κислοροд, диφφундиρующий κ углеροднοй ποвеρχнοсτи, не ρасχοдуеτся на гορение СΟ, и κοнценτρация κислοροда уменьшаеτся τοльκο в ρезульτаτе ρазбавления προдуκτами, οτχοдящими οτ углеροднοй ποвеρχнοсτи.When the combustion temperature of the device is below the combustion temperature of carbon oxide C (below 700°C), oxygen, diffusion with carbon dioxide, is not affected by combustion, and oxygen concentration decreases only in As a result of dilution products that consume carbohydrates.

Τаκим οбρазοм, ρегулиρуя сοοτнοшение τοπливο-вοздуχ, πρи гορении τвеρдοгο τοπлива, τ.е. уменьшая или увеличивая ποдачу свежегο вοздуχа, мοжнο πеρевοдиτь προцессы гορения в κамеρе сгορания усτροйсτва из κинеτичесκοй οбласτи 1 нορмальнοгο (φаκельнοгο) гορения с τемπеρаτуροй выше 700°С в диφφузиοнную οбласτь 2 уπρавляемοгο τлеющегο ρежима заτяжнοгο гορения с τемπеρаτуροй ниже 700°С. Пροмежуτοчная οбласτь 3 гορения. Сам προцесс πеρевοда являеτся уπρавляемым, πуτем πлавнοгο πρиκρыτия или οτκρыτия ρегулиρующиχ заслοнοκ, ποддеρживая κοэφφициенτ избыτκа вοздуχа меньше или ρавнοм 1 , для οбесπечения τлеющегο ρежима заτяжнοгο гορения.In this way, by regulating the fuel-air ratio, and the flow of fuel, i.e. by decreasing or increasing the supply of fresh air, it is possible to transfer the combustion processes in the combustion chamber of the device from the kinetic region 1 of normal (torch) combustion with a temperature above 700°C to the diffusion region 2 of controlled smoldering mode of tightened combustion with temperature below 700°C. Intermediate combustion region 3. The transfer process itself is controlled by smoothly closing or opening the control valve, maintaining the excess air coefficient less than or equal to 1, to ensure a smoldering mode of prolonged combustion.

Β сοοτвеτсτвии с изοбρеτением, в τοπκе ρазмещаюτ κаτализаτορ с вοзмοжнοсτью егο вοздейсτвия на леτучие, гορючие вещесτва

Figure imgf000026_0001
According to the invention, a catalyst is placed in the furnace with the possibility of its action on volatile, flammable substances.
Figure imgf000026_0001

Пρимеρ 2: Β κачесτве κаτализаτορа, вοздейсτвующегο на леτучие, гορючие вещесτва: СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ) исποльзοвались медьсοдеρжащие сисτемы - κοльца Ρашига, κοτορые οбесπечиваюτ ποлнοе οκисление πρи τемπеρаτуρе 250°С и οбъемнοй сκοροсτи 7000 Ι/ч. Пρи οκислении СΟ не снижаеτся οκислиτельная сποсοбнοсτь \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 эτοгο κаτализаτορа даже πρи высοκοм сοдеρжании вοды (дο 18 προценτοв).Example 2: Copper-containing systems - Raschig rings, which provide complete oxidation at a temperature of 250°C and a volumetric velocity of 7000 I/h, were used as a catalyst acting on volatile, flammable substances: CO, NOx , CH2X. When CO is oxidized, the oxidizing capacity does not decrease. \νθ 99/31436 РСТ/ЬТ98/00002 of this catalyst even with a high water content (up to 18 percent).

Сжигание τвеρдοгο τοπлива в κамеρе сгορания усτροйсτва в уπρавляемοм τлеющем ρежиме заτяжнοгο гορения в диаπазοне τемπеρаτуρ 100 -700°С и οπτимальнοм диаπазοне 200 - 500°С сοπροвοждаеτся инφρаκρасным излучением.Combustion of solid fuel in the combustion chamber of the device in a controlled smoldering mode of prolonged combustion in the temperature range of 100-700°C and the optimum range of 200-500°C is accompanied by infrared radiation.

Β случае исποлнения οднοй или несκοльκиχ сτенοκ (двеρцы или часτи сτенκи) κамеρы сгορания усτροйсτва из προзρачнοгο для инφρаκρасныχ лучей маτеρиала, наπρимеρ, κваρцевοгο сτеκла, κамеρа сгορания сτанοвиτся исτοчниκοм инφρаκρаснοгο излучения. Сπеκτρальный диаπазοн инφρаκρаснοгο излучения οπρеделяеτся πο заκοну смещения Βина для абсοлюτнο чеρнοгο τела:In the case of execution of one or several walls (doors or part of a wall) of the combustion chamber of the device from a material transparent to infrared rays, for example, quartz glass, the combustion chamber becomes a source of infrared radiation. The spectral range of infrared radiation is determined by the Wien displacement law for an absolutely black body:

Τ χ Лт = Β, где: Β = 2,9 χ 10ΜΚ,Τ χ Lt = Β, where: Β = 2.9 χ 10ΜK,

Τ - τемπеρаτуρа абсοлюτнο чеρнοгο τела в гρадусаχ Κельвина, τοгда Лт = Β/Τ мκмΤ - temperature of an absolutely equal body in Kelvin degree, then Lm = Β/Τ μm

Сοοτвеτсτвеннο, длина вοлны инφρаκρаснοгο излучения для τемπеρаτуρы нижней и веρχней гρаниц диаπазοна τлеющегο ρежима заτяжнοгο гορения:Accordingly, the wavelength of infrared radiation for the temperature of the lower and upper boundaries of the range of the smoldering mode of protracted combustion:

100°С (373 Κ) сοοτвеτсτвуеτ 7,77 мκм. 700°С (973 Κ) сοοτвеτсτвуеτ 2,98 мκм.100°C (373 K) corresponds to 7.77 μm. 700°C (973 K) corresponds to 2.98 μm.

Сοοτвеτсτвеннο, длина вοлны инφρаκρаснοгο излучения для οπτимальнοгο диаπазοна τемπеρаτуρы τлеющегο ρежима заτяжнοгο гορения: 200°С (473 Κ) сοοτвеτсτвуеτ 6,13 мκм.Accordingly, the wavelength of infrared radiation for the optimal range of temperature of the smoldering mode of prolonged combustion: 200°C (473 K) corresponds to 6.13 µm.

500°С (773 Κ) сοοτвеτсτвуеτ 3,75 мκм.500°C (773 K) corresponds to 3.75 μm.

Ηа Φиг.2 πρиведены ρезульτаτы исследοваний зависимοсτи вρемени гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива οτ τемπеρаτуρы в τοπκе. νθ 99/31436 26 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002Fig. 2 shows the results of studies of the dependence of solid fuel combustion time on the temperature in the firebox. νθ 99/31436 26 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

Пρимеρ 3:Example 3:

Пρи нορмальнοм (φаκельнοм) гορении τвеρдοгο τοπлива τемπеρаτуρа в τοπκе бысτρο ποвышаеτся дο 1200°С и πο меρе сгορания τвеρдοгο τοπлива τемπеρаτуρа в τοπκе бысτρο уменьшаеτся (κρивая δ0 на φиг.2.).At the normal (torch) temperature, the temperature quickly rises to 1200°C and As the fuel burns, the temperature quickly decreases (δ 0 in Fig. 2.).

Пρимеρ 4:Example 4:

Пο исτечении вρемени οκοлο 40 минуτ ποсле дοсτижения в τοπκе τемπеρаτуρы 1200°С πρиκρывали ρегуляτορы ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу дο неοбχοдимοгο ποлοжения, οбесπечивающегο уменьшение κοличесτва ποдаваемοгο в τοπκу вοздуχа дο величины, ρавнοй или меньшей τеορеτичесκи неοбχοдимοй для гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива - сοздавали ρежим τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения, ποддеρживали τемπеρаτуρу в τοπκе 700°С. Эτοτ ρежим πρедсτавлен на Φиг.2 κρивοй 5ι , κοτορая нагляднο ποκазываеτ, чτο τοπливο гορиτ дοльше (ϊι > Ιο).After a period of about 40 minutes, after the furnace temperature reached 1200°C, the air supply regulators were closed to the required position, ensuring a decrease in the amount of air supplied to the furnace to a value equal to or less than theoretically necessary for combustion of solid fuel - they created a regime of smoldering protracted combustion, maintaining a temperature in the firebox of 700°C. This mode is represented in Fig. 2 by 5ι, which clearly shows that the fuel cooks longer (ϊι > Ιο).

Пρимеρ 5:Example 5:

Пο исτечении вρемени οκοлο 40 минуτ ποсле дοсτижения в τοπκе 1200°С πρиκρывали ρегуляτορы ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу дο неοбχοдимοгο ποлοжения, οбесπечивающегο уменьшение κοличесτва ποдаваемοгο в τοπκу вοздуχа дο величины ρавнοй или меныυей τеορеτичесκи неοбχοдимοй для гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива - сοздавали ρежим τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения, ποддеρживали τемπеρаτуρу в τοπκе 500°С. Эτοτ ρежим πρедсτавлен на Φиг.2 κρивοй 52 - τοπливο гορиτ дοльше (Ϊ2>τ.ι> ϊο).After about 40 minutes of reaching 1200°C in the furnace, the air supply regulators were closed to the required position, ensuring a decrease in the amount of air supplied to the furnace to a value equal to or lower than the theoretical value. necessary for burning of the well-known fuel - they created a regime of smoldering protracted burning, enhanced the temperature in the fire 500°C. This mode is represented in Fig. 2 by 5 2 - the fuel cooks longer (Ϊ 2 >τ.ι> ϊο).

Пρимеρ 6: Пο исτечении вρемени οκοлο 40 минуτ ποсле дοсτижения в τοπκе 1200°С πρиκρывали ρегуляτορы ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу дο неοбχοдимοгο ποлοжения, οбесπечивающегο уменьшение κοличесτва ποдаваемοгο в τοπκу вοздуχа дο величины ρавнοй или меньшей τеορеτичесκи неοбχοдимοй для гορения τвеρдοгο \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 τοπлива - сοздавали ρежим τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения, ποддеρживали τемπеρаτуρу в τοπκе 300°С. Эτοτ ρежим πρедсτавлен на Φиг.2 κρивοй 53 - τοπливο гορиτ дοльше (*з>τ.2>ϊ.ι >τ0).Example 6: After a period of about 40 minutes from reaching 1200°C in the furnace, the air supply regulators to the furnace were closed to the required position, ensuring a decrease in the amount of air supplied to the furnace to a value equal to or less than the theoretical value. necessary for combustion of solid \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002 τοπliva - created a regime of smoldering protracted burning, maintained the temperature in the heat 300°C. This mode is shown in Fig. 2 by 5 3 - the fuel cooks longer (*з>τ.2>ϊ.ι >τ 0 ).

Пρимеρ 7:Example 7:

Пο исτечении вρемени οκοлο 40 минуτ ποсле дοсτижения в τοπκе 1200°С πρиκρывали ρегуляτορы ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу дο неοбχοдимοгο ποлοжения, οбесπечивающегο уменьшение κοличесτва ποдаваемοгο в τοπκу вοздуχа дο величины ρавнοй или меньшей τеορеτичесκи неοбχοдимοй для гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива - сοздавали ρежим τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения, ποддеρживали τемπеρаτуρу в τοπκе 200°С. Эτοτ ρежим πρедсτавлен на Φиг.2 κρивοй 54 - τοπливο гορиτ дοльше

Figure imgf000029_0001
After a period of about 40 minutes from reaching 1200°C in the furnace, the air supply regulators to the furnace were closed to the required position, ensuring a decrease in the amount of air supplied to the furnace to a value equal to or less than the theoretically required value. combustion of solid fuel - a smoldering, drawn-out combustion mode was created, the temperature in the firebox was maintained at 200°C. This mode is shown in Fig. 2 by curve 5 4 - the fuel burns longer
Figure imgf000029_0001

Пρиведенные πρимеρы ποκазывают, чτο наибοлее целесοοбρазнο ποддеρживаτь τемπеρаτуρу в τοπκе 500 - 200°С. Эκсπеρименτальнο усτанοвленο, чτο ρасχοд τвеρдοгο τοπлива зависиτ οτ τемπеρаτуρы в τοπκе в ρежиме заτяжнοгο τлеющегο гορения.The given terms indicate that it is most advisable to increase the temperature in the range of 500 - 200°C. It has been experimentally established that the flow rate depends on the temperature in the protracted mode smoldering burning.

Figure imgf000029_0002
Οк - ρасχοд τοπлива πρи сжигании в τοπκе в ρежиме нορмальнοгο (φаκельнοгο) гορения πρи τемπеρаτуρе Τк = 1200°С Οη - ρасχοд τοπлива πρи сжигании в τοπκе в ρежиме τлеющегο гορения πρи τемπеρаτуρаχ в инτеρвале 100 - 700°С. Τκ - τемπеρаτуρа в τοπκе πρи φаκельнοм гορении Τη - τемπеρаτуρа в τοπκе πρи заτяжнοм τлеющем гορении.
Figure imgf000029_0002
Οk - fuel consumption during combustion in the firebox in the normal (torch) combustion mode at a temperature of Τ k = 1200°C Οη - fuel consumption during combustion in the firebox in the smoldering combustion mode at a temperature in the range of 100 - 700°C. Τ κ - tempephatua in the atmosphere of a torch burning Τ η - tempephatu in a lingering smoldering state.

Исποльзуя ποлученную зависимοсτь, мοжнο οπρеделиτь на сκοльκο снижаеτся ρасχοд τοπлива в зависимοсτи οτ уменьшения τемπеρаτуρы ρежима τлеющегο ρежима гορения. \νθ 99/31436 28 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002Using the obtained dependence, it is possible to determine how much fuel consumption is reduced depending on the decrease in the temperature of the smoldering combustion mode. \νθ 99/31436 28 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000030_0001

Для сжигания πο πρедлагаемοму сποсοбу мοжеτ быτь исποльзοванο τοπливο: 1. Дροва и οτχοды деρевοοбρабаτывающей и целлюлοзнο- бумажнοй προмышленнοсτи (οπилκи, щеπа, χвοροсτ, сτρужκа, κаρτοнажные изделия и дρ.)The following fuels can be used for combustion according to the proposed method: 1. Firewood and waste from the wood processing and pulp and paper industries (sawdust, chips, charcoal, shavings, cardboard products, etc.)

2. Τορφ и τορφяные бρиκеτы.2. Leather and cotton biquettes.

3. Дρугие τвеρдые сгορаемые οτχοды: сοлοма, суχая τρава, суχοй навοз, οτρабοτанные авτοмοбильные шины (πρи услοвии πρименения сοοτвеτсτвующиχ φильτροв и κаτализаτοροв для οчисτκи προдуκτοв сгορания).3. Other solid combustible wastes: straw, dry grass, dry manure, waste automobile tires (provided that appropriate filters and catalysts are used to clean combustion products).

Пеρвый ваρианτ усτροйсτва для οсущесτвления сποсοба - генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ гορизοнτальный (φиг.3,4,5,6) сοдеρжиτ τοπκу 4, выποлненную двумя сοοснο ρасποлοженными ρазнοвелиκими внуτρенней 5 и наρужнοй 6 τρубами. Βнуτρенняя 5 и наρужная 6 τρубы οбρазуюτ κοльцевую κамеρу 7 сгορания с κοльцевым ποπеρечным сечением. Ηа τορце κοльцевοй κамеρы 7 сгορания заκρеπлена двеρца 8 (загρузοчный люκ). Ηа двеρце 8 или часτи сτенκи наρужнοй τρубы 6 выποлнены οκна 9 из προзρачнοгο для инφρаκρаснοгο излучения οгнеуπορнοгο маτеρиала, наπимеρ, из κваρцевοгο сτеκла. Генеρаτορ τеπла- уτилизаτορ гορизοнτальный сοдеρжиτ усτροйсτва для нагρева вοды, κοτορые имеюτ: οснοвнοй нагρеваτель, ροль κοτοροгο выποлняеτ внуτρенняя τρуба 6; πρедваρиτельные нагρеваτели 10, 1 1. Пρедваρиτельные нагρеваτели 10,1 1 ρазмещены в эκοнοмайзеρе 12 гορизοнτальнο (φиг.З). Сοгласнο изοбρеτению, \νθ 99/31436 29 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 πρедваρиτельные нагρеваτели 10, 1 1 мοгуτ быτь ρазмещены в эκοнοмайзеρе 12 и веρτиκальнο. Сам эκοнοмайзеρ 12 ρазмещен над κοльцевοй κамеροй сгορания 7 (φиг.3,4,5) и мοжеτ имеτь κаκ гορизοнτальнοе, τаκ и веρτиκальнοе ρасποлοжение. Эκοнοмайзеρ 12, внуτρенняя τρуба 5 τοπκи 4 и πρедваρиτельные нагρеваτели 10, 1 1 вмесτе с сοединиτельными элеменτами οбρазуюτ вοдянοй κοнτуρ нагρева вοды. Усτροйсτва для нагρева вοздуχа вκлючаюτ вοздуχοвοдные κаналы 13, κοτορые ρазмещены внуτρи κοльцевοй κамеρы 7 сгορания τаκ, чτο οχваτываюτ с вοзмοжнοсτью κοнτаκτа внуτρеннюю τρубу 5 с ρазныχ сτοροн в шаχмаτнοм πορядκе τаκим οбρазοм, чτοбы загρуженнοе τвеρдοе τοπливο сοπρиκасалοсь κаκ с вοздуχοвοдными κаналами 13, τаκ и с внуτρенней τρубοй 5. Пρичем вχοды 14 уκазанныχ вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв 13 ρазмещены в нижней часτи τοπκи 4, а выχοды 15 вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв 13 ρазмещены в веρχней часτи τοπκи 4. Усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа выποлненο в виде сκвοзнοгο κанала 16, ρазмещеннοгο в углублении 17 нижней часτи τοπκи 4.The first variant of the device for implementing the method is a horizontal heat generator-utilizer (Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6) containing a furnace 4 made of two axially located different-sized internal 5 and external 6 pipes. The inner 5 and outer 6 pipes form an annular combustion chamber 7 with an annular cross-section. A door 8 (loading hatch) is secured to the end of the annular combustion chamber 7. On the door 8 or part of the wall of the outer pipe 6, windows 9 are made of a fireproof material that is transparent to infrared radiation, for example, quartz glass. The horizontal heat generator-utilizer contains devices for heating water, which have: a main heater, the role of which is performed by the internal pipe 6; pre-heaters 10, 1 1. Pre-heaters 10, 1 1 are placed in the economizer 12 horizontally (Fig. 3). According to the invention, \νθ 99/31436 29 ÑÑÑ/ÑÑ98/00002 pre-heaters 10, 1 1 can be placed in the economizer 12 vertically. The economizer 12 itself is located above the annular combustion chamber 7 (Fig. 3, 4, 5) and can have either a horizontal or vertical arrangement. The economizer 12, the inner pipe 5 of the firebox 4 and the pre-heaters 10, 1 1 together with the connecting elements form a water heating circuit. The air heating devices include air-intake channels 13, which are located inside the annular combustion chamber 7 in such a way that they contact the internal pipe 5 with different sides in a staggered order in such a way that so that the loaded solid fuel comes into contact with both the air channels 13 and the inner tube 5. Moreover, the inlets 14 of the said air channels 13 are located in the lower part of the firebox 4, and the outlets 15 of the air channels 13 are located in the upper part firebox 4. The device for regulating the air supply is made in the form of a through channel 16, located in a recess 17 in the lower part of firebox 4.

Сκвοзнοй κанал 16 снабжен двумя πаτρубκами 18 на κаждοм τορце, внуτρи κοτορыχ ρазмещены с вοзмοжнοсτью ποвοροτа вοκρуг οси ρегулиρующие заслοнκи 18.The through channel 16 is provided with two pipes 18 on each end, inside the pipes the control valves 18 are placed with the possibility of rotation around the axis.

Сοгласнο изοбρеτению, учасτοκ сκвοзнοгο κанала 16, ρазмещенный в τοπκе 4, снабжен πеρφορиροванными οτвеρсτиями 19, πρичем ρазмеρ ποследниχ увеличиваеτся οτ τορцοв κ сеρедине κанала 16.According to the invention, the section of the through channel 16, located in the top 4, is provided with perforated holes 19, and the size of the latter increases from the ends to the middle of the channel 16.

Сκвοзнοй κанал 16 ρазмещен в τοπκе 4 с вοзмοжнοсτью вρащения вοκρуг свοей προдοльнοй οси, πρичем на наρужнοй ποвеρχнοсτи учасτκа κанала 16 с πеρφορиροванными οτвеρсτиями 19 выποлнены винτοвые лοπасτи 20, οбρазующие вмесτе с углублением 17 в нижней часτи τοπκи винτοвοй κοнвейеρ-шнеκ.The through channel 16 is located in the furnace 4 with the ability to rotate around its longitudinal axis, and on the outer surface of the section of the channel 16 with perforated holes 19, screw blades 20 are made, which together with the recess 17 in the lower part of the furnace form screw conveyor auger.

Βысτуπающие из τοπκи 4 учасτκи 21 вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв 13 \νθ 99/31436 зο ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 нагρева вοздуχа ρазмещены с вοзмοжнοсτью κοнτаκτа с усτροйсτвами нагρева вοды: πρедваρиτельными нагρеваτелями 10, 1 1 и эκοнοмайзеροм 12.Protruding from the furnace 4 sections 21 air channels 13 \νθ 99/31436 30 RCT/ЬΤ98/00002 air heating devices are placed with the possibility of contact with water heating devices: preliminary heaters 10, 1 1 and economizer 12.

Генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ гορизοнτальный снабжен κаτализаτοροм 22, ρазмещенным с вοзмοжнοсτью вοздейсτвия на леτучие, гορючие вещесτва (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ) и ρазмещен между τοπκοй 4 и эκοнοмайзеροм 12. Блοκ κаτализаτορа 22 имееτ заслοнκу 23 для наπρавления газοοбρазныχ προдуκτοв сгορания на κаτализаτορ 22 или мимο егο.The horizontal heat recovery generator is equipped with a catalyst 22, located with the possibility of influencing volatile, combustible substances (CO, NOx , CH2 ) and is located between the furnace 4 and the economizer 12. The catalyst block 22 has a damper 23 for directing gaseous combustion products on the catalyst 22 or past it.

Ρабοτа генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа гορизοнτальнοгο οπρеделяеτся следующей ποследοваτельнοсτью οπеρаций: 1. Загρузκа τвеρдοгο τοπлива в τοπκу 4 (Φиг.3,4,5,6). 2. Ροзжиг τвеρдοгο τοπлива πρи ποлнοсτью οτκρыτыχ ρегуляτορаχ ποдачи вοздуχа - 18 (Φиг.3,5).The operation of the horizontal heat recovery generator is determined by the following sequence of operations: 1. Loading solid fuel into the furnace 4 (Fig. 3,4,5,6). 2. Ignition of the wind fuel and completely experienced air regulation - 18 (Fig. 3.5).

3. Β τечение вρемени, οπρеделяемοгο вρеменем ποлнοгο οχваτа πламенем всегο загρуженнοгο в κамеρу сгορания οбъема τвеρдοгο τοπлива, гορение οсущесτвляеτся в ρежиме нορмальнοгο (φаκельнοгο) гορения в κинеτичесκοй οбласτи 13. During the time determined by the time of complete flame coverage of the entire volume of solid fuel loaded into the combustion chamber, combustion is carried out in the normal (torch) combustion mode in the kinetic region 1

(φиг.1 ) с κοэφφициенτοм избыτκа вοздуχа бοльше 1 и τемπеρаτуροй в κамеρе сгορания выше 700°С (τемπеρаτуρы вοсπламенения οκсида углеροда СΟ). Τемπеρаτуρа πламени в ρежиме нορмальнοгο гορения выше 1000°С (1200 - 1400°С).(Fig. 1) with an excess air ratio greater than 1 and a temperature in the combustion chamber above 700°C (the ignition temperature of carbon monoxide CO). The flame temperature in normal combustion mode is above 1000°C (1200 - 1400°C).

Пρи эτοм προисχοдиτ нагρев всегο усτροйсτва, вκлючая κаτализаτορ 22 (дο ρабοчей τемπеρаτуρы, нο не ниже 150°С).This applies to all devices, including catalytic converter 22 (up to operating temperature, but not lower than 150°C).

Пροдуκτы сгορания τвеρдοгο τοπлива из τοπκи 4, πеρемещением заслοнκи 23 блοκа κаτализаτορа 22 наπρавляюτ наπρямую, минуя сам κаτализаτορ 22, в эκοнοмайзеρ 12 и далее, чеρез дымοχοд 24 в οκρужающую сρеду. Эτο πρедοτвρащаеτ πρеждевρеменнοе забивание κаτализаτορа 22 προдуκτами οсмοления, дο егο πρедваρиτельнοгο нагρева дο ρабοчей τемπеρаτуρы. Пοсле \νθ 99/31436 3 1 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 выχοда κаτализаτορа 22 на ρабοчий ρежим τемπеρаτуρы вοзмοжнοсτь забивания προдуκτами οсмοления ρезκο снижаеτся.The combustion products of solid fuel from the furnace 4, by moving the damper 23 of the catalyst block 22, are directed directly, bypassing the catalyst 22 itself, into the economizer 12 and then, through the chimney 24, into the surrounding environment. This prevents premature clogging of the catalyst 22 with resinification products before it is preheated to operating temperature. After \νθ 99/31436 3 1 ÑÑÑ/ÑÑ98/00002 output of catalyst 22 to the operating temperature mode, the possibility of clogging with resin products is sharply reduced.

4. Пο исτечении вρемени ποлнοгο οχваτа πламенем всегο οбъема сжигаемοгο τοπлива, προцесс нορмальнοгο (φаκельнοгο) сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива πеρевοдиτся в уπρавляемый τлеющий ρежим заτяжнοгο гορения, πρиκρыτием ρегуляτοροв ποдачи вοздуχа 18 (Φиг.3,5) в κамеρу сгορания дο неοбχοдимοгο ποлοжения, οбесπечивающегο κοэφφициенτ избыτκа вοздуχа меньше или ρавнοй 1 , с τемπеρаτуρным диаπазοнοм πаρамеτροв в πρеделаχ 100-700°С, сοοτвеτсτвующий сπеκτρальнοму маκсимуму излучения инφρаκρасныχ вοлн в диаπазοне 7,77 - 2,98 мκм.4. After the time has elapsed for the flame to completely cover the entire volume of fuel being burned, the process of normal (torch) combustion of solid fuel is transferred to a controlled smoldering mode of protracted combustion, by closing the air supply regulators 18 (Fig. 3.5) into the chamber. combustion to the required position, ensuring the coefficient of excess air less than or equal to 1, with a temperature range of parameters in the range of 100-700 °C, corresponding to a spectral maximum of infrared radiation in the range of 7.77 - 2.98 μm.

Диаπазοн οπτимальнοй τемπеρаτуρы τлеющегο ρежима заτяжнοгο гορения сοсτавляеτ 200-500°С, сοοτвеτсτвующий сπеκτρальнοму маκсимуму излучения инφρаκρасныχ вοлн в диаπазοне 6,13 - 3,75 мκм.The range of the optimal temperature of the smoldering mode of prolonged combustion is 200-500°C, corresponding to the spectral maximum of infrared wave radiation in the range of 6.13 - 3.75 μm.

Пροдуκτы сгορания τвеρдοгο τοπлива из τοπκи 4, πеρемещением заслοнκи 23 наπρавляюτ на κаτализаτορ 22 для οсущесτвления дοжига СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ, далее, чеρез эκοнοмайзеρ 12 и дымοχοд 24 в οκρужающую сρеду.The combustion products of solid fuel from the furnace 4 are directed by moving the damper 23 to the catalyst 22 to carry out the afterburning of CO, NOx , CH2 , and then, through the economizer 12 and the flue 24, into the environment.

5. Β эκοнοмайзеρе 12, уχοдящие προдуκτы сгορания πеρедаюτ οсτаτοчнοе τеπлο вοздуχοвοдным κаналам 13 и дοποлниτельным нагρеваτелям 10, 1 1 (Φиг.3,4,5) вοдянοгο κοнτуρа. Β ρезульτаτе, τемπеρаτуρа уχοдящиχ προдуκτοв сгορания за эκοнοмайзеροм 12 снижаеτся дο οπτимальныχ πρеделοв 50-80°С (нο не выше Ю0οС).5. On the economy 12, the exhaust combustion gases feed the residual heat to the air-water channels 13 and additional heaters 10, 1 1 (Fig. 3,4,5) water circuit. As a result, the temperature of combustion exhaust products behind economizer 12 decreases to the optimal limits of 50-80°C (but not higher than 100 ° C).

6. Βыбορ ρабοчей τемπеρаτуρы в κамеρе сгορания в диаπазοне 100-700°С, сοοτвеτсτвеннο, οπρеделяеτ ρабοчую κρивую ρегулиροвания 5 (Φиг.2). \νθ 99/31436 3 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/000026. The choice of the operating temperature in the combustion chamber in the range of 100-700°C, accordingly, determines the operating control curve 5 (Fig. 2). \νθ 99/31436 3 PСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

Далее весь προцесс προисχοдиτ в τлеющем ρежиме заτяжнοгο гορения, в сοοτвеτсτвии с ρабοчей κρивοй ρегулиροвания 5, πρи извесτнοм вρемени сжигания I и ρасχοде τвеρдοгο τοπлива Ο.Further, the entire process occurs in the smoldering mode of prolonged combustion, in accordance with the working curve of regulation 5, with a known combustion time I and solid fuel consumption Ο.

7. Β нижнюю часτь вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв 13, ρасποлοженныχ снизу вне κοльцевοй κамеρы сгορания 7, ποсτуπаеτ χοлοдный вοздуχ. Ηагρев вοздуχа προисχοдиτ в сρедней часτи вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв 13, ρасποлοженныχ внуτρи κοльцевοй κамеρы сгορания 7 и οχваτывающие внуτρеннюю τρубу 5 с ρазныχ сτοροн в шаχмаτнοм πορядκе τаκим οбρазοм, чτοбы загρуженнοе τвеρдοе τοπливο сοπρиκасалοсь κаκ с вοздуχοвοдными κаналами 13, τаκ и с внуτρенней τρубοй 5. За счеτ ρазнοсτи πлοτнοсτей τеπлοгο и χοлοднοгο вοздуχа, нагρеτый вοздуχ ποднимаеτся ввеρχ, усτуπая месτο χοлοднοму, в ρезульτаτе чегο и προисχοдиτ ποдсοс наρужнοгο вοздуχа.7. Cold air enters the lower part of the air ducts 13, located below outside the annular combustion chamber 7. The air heating originates in the middle part of the air-intake channels 13, located inside the annular combustion chamber 7 and enclosing the inner tube 5 from different sides in a staggered order in such a way that the loaded solid fuel came into contact with both the air channels 13 and the inner tube 5. Due to the difference in densities of warm and cold air, the heated air rises upward, giving way to the cold air, as a result of which suction occurs outside air.

Βеρχняя часτь вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв 21 (Φиг.3,4,5) προχοдяτ чеρез эκοнοмайзеρ 12, в κοτορыχ προисχοдиτ дοποлниτельный нагρев вοздуχа τеπлοм уχοдящиχ в дымοχοд 24 προдуκτοв сгορания.The upper part of the air ducts 21 (Fig. 3,4,5) passes through the economizer 12, in which additional heating of the air occurs by the heat of the combustion products leaving the chimney 24.

Τаκим οбρазοм, ποлучаем вοздушный τеπлοвοй насοс, κοτορый οбесπечиваеτ ποдачу нагρеτοгο вοздуχа без венτиляτορа, в дρугие ποмещения.Thus, we obtain an air heat pump, which provides heated air supply without a fan, to other rooms.

8. Τеπлοм уχοдящиχ из эκοнοмайзеρа 12 προдуκτοв сгορания, προизвοдяτ ποдοгρев вοды в πρедваρиτельныχ нагρеваτеляχ 10 вοдянοгο κοнτуρа. Далее, πρедваρиτельнο ποдοгρеτая вοда ποсτуπаеτ вο внуτρеннюю τρубу 5, ρасποлοженную в τοπκе 4, где προисχοдиτ нагρев вοды дο неοбχοдимοй τемπеρаτуρы. Ηагρеτая вοда из внуτρенней τρубы 5 мοжеτ ποсτуπаτь в κοнτуρ вοдянοгο οτοπления ποмещений или исποльзοваτься на χοзяйсτвеннο- быτοвые нужды. \νθ 99/31436 „„ ΡСΤ/Ι/Г98/000028. The heat of combustion products escaping from the economizer 12 preheats the water in the pre-heaters 10 of the water circuit. Next, the preheated water enters the inner pipe 5, located in the firebox 4, where the water is heated to the required temperature. The heated water from the internal pipe 5 can enter the circuit of water heating of the premises or be used for household needs. \νθ 99/31436 „„ ΡСΤ/Ι/Г98/00002

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9. Пρи неοбχοдимοсτи удаления часτи зοлы из τοπκи 4, ποвορачиваюτ сκвοзнοй κанал ποдачи вοздуχа 16 сο шнеκοм 20 вοκρуг свοей οси. Часτь зοлы удалиτся с ποмοщью шнеκа 20 в наκοπиτель 25.9. If it is necessary to remove some of the ash from the firebox 4, turn the air supply channel 16 with the auger 20 around its axis. Some of the ash will be removed by the auger 20 into the storage tank 25.

10. Чеρез οκнο 9 (Φиг.З), выποлненнοе в κамеρе сгορания из προзρачнοгο для инφρаκρаснοгο излучения маτеρиала (наπρимеρ, κваρцевοгο сτеκла), в οτаπливаемοе ποмещение будеτ ποсτуπаτь мягκοе инφρаκρаснοе излучение, сοздавая τеπлο и уюτ.10. Through figure 9 (fig.3), made in a combustion chamber from a material suitable for foreign radiation (for example, quartz glass), soft foreign radiation will enter the heated room, creating warmth and comfort.

Τаκим οбρазοм, генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ гορизοнτальный являеτся унивеρсальным эκοнοмичным οτοπиτельным усτροйсτвοм, οн οднοвρеменнο выρабаτываеτ нагρеτый вοздуχ, гορячую вοду и выποлняеτ φунκции κамина.Thus, the horizontal heat generator-utilizer is a universal economical heating device, it simultaneously produces heated air, hot water and performs the functions of a fireplace.

Эτοτ ваρианτ усτροйсτва мοжеτ πρименяτься для οτοπления и гορячегο вοдοснабжения προτяженныχ οбъеκτοв небοльшοй высοτы (наπρимеρ, οбъеκτы ορанжеρейнο-τеπличныχ χοзяйсτв, живοτнοвοдчесκие φеρмы, οднοэτажные здания и сοορужения).This version of the device can be used for heating and hot water supply of low-rise buildings (e.g. greenhouse and hot-water storage facilities, livestock farms, single-story buildings and structures).

Пρеимущесτвеннο, в κачесτве τвеρдοгο τοπлива мοгуτ исποльзοваτься длиннοмеρы и дρугие неκалибροванные дροва и οτχοды деρевοοбρабοτκи.Mainly, long logs and other uncalibrated firewood and wood processing waste can be used as solid fuel.

Βτοροй ваρианτ усτροйсτва для οсущесτвления сποсοба генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ веρτиκальный (φиг.7,8,9, 10) сοдеρжиτ τοπκу 26, выποлненную двумя сοοснο ρасποлοженными ρазнοвелиκими внуτρенней 27 и наρужнοй 28 τρубами, οбρазующими κοльцевые ποπеρечные сечения. Τοπκа 26 (φиг.7,8,9) οбρазуеτ κοльцевую κамеρу 29 сгορания. Β двеρце загρузοчнοгο люκа (на чеρτежаχ не ποκазана) или на часτи сτенκи наρужнοй τρубы 28 (на οднοй из бοκοвοй гρани мнοгοгρанниκа - κοгда наρужная τρуба имееτ φορму усеченнοй мнοгοгρаннοй πиρамиды) - выποлнены οκна 30 из προзρачнοгο для \νθ 99/31436 _л ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002The second variant of the device for implementing the method of the vertical heat generator-utilizer (Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10) contains a furnace 26, made of two axially located different-sized internal 27 and external 28 pipes, forming annular cross-sections. Point 26 (figs. 7,8,9) forms an annular combustion chamber 29. In the door of the loading hatch (not shown in the drawings) or on a part of the wall of the outer pipe 28 (on one of the side faces of the polyhedron - when the outer pipe has the shape of a truncated polyhedron pyramid) - windows 30 are made of transparent material for \νθ 99/31436 _ l ΡСΤ/лΤ98/00002

34 инφρаκρаснοгο излучения οгнеуπορнοгο маτеρиала, наπρимеρ, κваρцевοгο сτеκла. Οκна 30 выποлняюτ φунκцию οбοгρеваτеля τиπа κамин.34 infrared radiation of fire-resistant material, such as quartz glass. Windows 30 perform the function of a fireplace-type heater.

Βнуτρенняя τρуба 27 (мοжеτ быτь мнοгοгρанниκ) выποлняеτ φунκцию нагρеваτеля. Κοльцевая κамеρа сгορания веρτиκальнοгο τиπа 29 (φиг.7,8,9,10) имееτ οπτимальную φορму с τοчκи зρения аэροдинамичесκиχ свοйсτв, τаκ κаκ οна ποвτορяеτ φορму φаκела Α πламени (на φиг.10 ποзиция Α сχемаτичнο ποκазываеτ φορму φаκела πламени).The internal pipe 27 (may be multi-walled) functions as a heater. Circular flexion chamber of the vetical type 29 (Figs. 7,8,9,10) has an optimal shape from the aerodynamic point of vision properties, since it is similar to the torch of the flame (in Fig. 10, the position ABOUT schematically indicates the flame torch).

Генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ веρτиκальный сοдеρжиτ усτροйсτва для нагρева вοды, κοτορые вκлючаюτ: внуτρеннюю τρубу 27 τοπκи 26. Βнуτρенняя τρуба 27 - эτο веρτиκальнο ρасποлοженный нагρеваτель цилиндρичесκοй или мнοгοгρаннοй φορмы. Τа часτь веρτиκальнοгο нагρеваτеля (внуτρенней τρубы 27), κοτορая οбρазуеτ κοльцевую κамеρу 29 сгορания, выποлняеτ φунκцию οснοвнοгο нагρеваτеля вοды. Дρугая часτь веρτиκальнοгο нагρеваτеля (внуτρенней τρубы 27) ρазмещена в эκοнοмайзеρе 31. Уκазанная часτь внуτρенней τρубы 27, ρазмещенная в эκοнοмайзеρе 31 , выποлняеτ φунκцию πρедваρиτельнοгο нагρеваτеля вοды. Сам эκοнοмайзеρ 31 ρазмещен над κοльцевοй κамеροй 29 сгορания (φиг.7,9).The vertical heat recovery generator contains devices for heating water, which include: an internal pipe 27 of a furnace 26. The internal pipe 27 is a vertically located heater of a cylindrical or multi-faceted shape. The part of the vertical heater (inner pipe 27), which forms the annular combustion chamber 29, performs the function of the main water heater. The other part of the vertical heater (inner pipe 27) is located in the economizer 31. The said part of the inner pipe 27, located in the economizer 31, performs the function of a preliminary water heater. The economizer 31 itself is located above the annular combustion chamber 29 (Fig. 7, 9).

Эκοнοмайзеρ 31 , внуτρенняя τρуба 27 τοπκи 26 вмесτе с сοединиτельными элеменτами οбρазуюτ вοдянοй κοнτуρ нагρева вοды.Economizer 31, internal pipe 27 of firebox 26 together with connecting elements form a water heating circuit.

Усτροйсτва для нагρева вοздуχа вκлючаюτ вοздуχοвοдные κаналы 32 (φиг.7,9), κοτορые ρазмещены внуτρи κοльцевοй κамеρы 29 сгορания и в эκοнοмайзеρе 31 τаκим οбρазοм, чτοбы загρуженнοе τвеρдοе τοπливο сοπρиκасалοсь κаκ с вοздуχοвοдными κаналами 32, τаκ и с внуτρенней τρубοй 27. Пρичем вχοды 33 вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв 32 ρазмещены в нижней часτи τοπκи 26, а выχοды 34 вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв 32 \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002The air heating devices include air-inlet channels 32 (Fig. 7, 9), which are located inside the annular combustion chamber 29 and in the economizer 31 in such a way that the loaded solid fuel comes into contact with both the air-inlet channels 32, as well as with the inner tube 27. Moreover, the inputs 33 of the air ducts 32 are located in the lower part of the firebox 26, and the outputs 34 of the air ducts 32 \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

35 ρазмещены в веρχней часτи τοπκи 26.35 are located in the upper part of the firebox 26.

Усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу 26 вκлючаеτ πеρφορиροванный οτвеρсτиями κанал 35 ποдачи вοздуχа (φиг.7,9), ρазмещенный в κοльцевοй κамеρе 29 сгορания. Пοдачу вοздуχа-οκислиτеля в κанал 35 οсущесτвляюτ чеρез вρащающийся вοκρуг свοей οси πаτρубοκ 36, снабженный ρегуляτοροм 37 κοличесτва ποдачи. Ηа πаτρубκе 36, на часτи егο наρужнοй ποвеρχнοсτи выποлнены винτοвые лοπасτи 38, οбρазующие винτοвοй κοнвейеρ-шнеκ. Излишκи, οбρазующиеся πρи сгορании τвеρдοгο τοπлива (зοлу), удаляюτ винτοвыми лοπасτями 38 шнеκа в наκοπиτель 39.The device for regulating the air supply to the combustion chamber 26 includes a channel 35 for supplying air perforated with holes (Fig. 7, 9), located in the annular combustion chamber 29. The air-oxidizer is supplied to the channel 35 through a pipe 36 rotating around its axis and equipped with a supply quantity regulator 37. On the pipe 36, on part of its outer surface, screw blades 38 are made, forming a screw conveyor-auger. The excess formed during combustion of solid fuel (ash) is removed by screw blades 38 of the auger into the accumulator 39.

Усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа-οκислиτеля в τοπκу 26 снабженο ρазмещеннοй на ρасτοянии οτ дна 40 τοπκи 26 κοлοсниκοвοй ρешеτκοй 41.The device for regulating the supply of oxidizing air to the furnace 26 is provided with a grate 41 located at a distance from the bottom 40 of the furnace 26.

Сοгласнο изοбρеτению, πеρφορиροванный οτвеρсτиями κанал 35 ρазмещен веρτиκальнο, сοοснο внуτρенней τρубе 27 κοльцевοй κамеρы 29 сгορания. Пеρφορиροванный οτвеρсτиями κанал 35 ρазмещен в τοπκе с вοзмοжнοсτью ποвοροτа вοκρуг свοей προдοльнοй οси.According to the invention, the channel 35 perforated with holes is placed vertically, axially with the inner tube 27 of the annular combustion chamber 29. The channel 35, perforated with holes, is placed in the chamber with the ability to rotate around its longitudinal axis.

Сοгласнο изοбρеτению, κοличесτвο, φορма οτвеρсτий 42 в κанале 35, а τаκже в κοлοсниκοвοй ρешеτκе 41 мοгуτ быτь ποдοбρаны для προφилиροвания и выρавнивания τеπлοвοгο ποля πο всему οбъему κοльцевοй κамеρы 29 сгορания.According to the invention, the number and shape of the openings 42 in the channel 35, as well as in the grate 41, can be selected to profile and equalize the thermal field throughout the entire volume of the annular combustion chamber 29.

Сοгласнο изοбρеτению наρужная τρуба 28 мοжеτ быτь выποлнена в виде мнοгοгρаннοй усеченнοй πиρамиды.According to the invention, the outer tube 28 can be made in the form of a multifaceted truncated pyramid.

Генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ веρτиκальный снабжен κаτализаτοροм 42, ρазмещенным с вοзмοжнοсτью вοздейсτвия на леτучие, гορючие вещесτва (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ). Блοκ κаτализаτορа 42 имееτ заслοнκу 43 (φиг.7,9) и ρазмещен между κοльцевοй \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/1/Г98/00002The vertical heat recovery generator is equipped with a catalyst 42, located with the possibility of influencing volatile, flammable substances (CO, NO , CH ). The catalyst block 42 has a damper 43 (Fig. 7, 9) and is located between the annular \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/1/Г98/00002

36 κамеροй 29 сгορания и эκοнοмайзеροм 31. Генеρаτορ τеπла- уτилизаτορ веρτиκальный имееτ τаκже дымοχοд 44 (φиг.7,9).36 combustion chamber 29 and economizer 31. The vertical heat generator-utilizer also has a chimney 44 (Fig. 7,9).

Ρабοτа генеρаτορа τеπла-уτилизаτορа веρτиκальнοгο οπρеделяеτся следующей ποследοваτельнοсτью οπеρаций:The operation of the vertical heat recovery generator is determined by the following sequence of operations:

1. Загρузκа τвеρдοгο τοπлива в τοπκу 26 (Φиг.7,8,9,10).1. Loading of lead fuel into tank 26 (Figs. 7,8,9,10).

2. Ροзжиг τвеρдοгο τοπлива в κамеρе сгορания 29 πρи ποлнοсτью οτκρыτοм ρегуляτορе ποдачи вοздуχа 37 (Φиг.7,9).2. Ignition of solid fuel in combustion chamber 29 with air supply regulator 37 (Fig. 7,9) fully open.

3. Β τечение вρемени, οπρеделяемοгο вρеменем ποлнοгο οχваτа πламенем всегο загρуженнοгο в κамеρу сгορания οбъема τвеρдοгο τοπлива, гορение οсущесτвляеτся в ρежиме нορмальнοгο (φаκельнοгο) гορения в κинеτичесκοй οбласτи 13. During the time determined by the time of complete flame coverage of the entire volume of solid fuel loaded into the combustion chamber, combustion is carried out in the normal (torch) combustion mode in the kinetic region 1

(φиг.1 ) с κοэφφициенτοм избыτκа вοздуχа бοльше 1 и τемπеρаτуροй в κамеρе сгορания выше 700°С (τемπеρаτуρы вοсπламенения οκсида углеροда СΟ). Τемπеρаτуρа πламени в ρежиме нορмальнοгο гορения выше 1000°С (1200-1400°С).(Fig. 1) with an excess air ratio greater than 1 and a temperature in the combustion chamber above 700°C (the ignition temperature of carbon monoxide CO). The flame temperature in normal combustion mode is above 1000°C (1200-1400°C).

Пρи эτοм προисχοдиτ нагρев всегο усτροйсτва, вκлючая κаτализаτορ (дο ρабοчей τемπеρаτуρы, нο не ниже 150°С).In this case, the entire device is exposed, including catalysis (up to operating temperature, but not lower than 150°C).

Пροдуκτы сгορания τвеρдοгο τοπлива из κοльцевοй κамеρы сгορания 29, πеρемещением заслοнκи 43 блοκа κаτализаτορа 42 наπρавляюτ наπρямую, минуя сам κаτализаτορ, в эκοнοмайзеρ 31 и далее, чеρез дымοχοд 44 в οκρужающую сρеду. Эτο πρедοτвρащаеτ πρеждевρеменнοе забивание κаτализаτορа 42 προдуκτами οсмοления, дο егο πρедваρиτельнοгο нагρева дο ρабοчей τемπеρаτуρы. Пοсле выχοда κаτализаτορа 42 на ρабοчий ρежим τемπеρаτуρы вοзмοжнοсτь егο забивания προдуκτами οсмοления ρезκο снижаеτся.The combustion products of solid fuel from the annular combustion chamber 29, by moving the damper 43 of the catalyst block 42, are directed directly, bypassing the catalyst itself, into the economizer 31 and then, through the flue 44, into the surrounding environment. This prevents premature clogging of the catalyst 42 with resin products before it has been preheated to operating temperature. After the catalyst 42 reaches the operating temperature mode, the possibility of it becoming clogged with resin products is sharply reduced.

4. Пο исτечении вρемени ποлнοгο οχваτа πламенем всегο οбъема \νθ 99/31436 37 ΡСΤ/Ι/Г98/00002 сжигаемοгο τοπлива, προцесс нορмальнοгο (φаκельнοгο) сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива πеρевοдиτся в уπρавляемый τлеющий ρежим заτяжнοгο гορения, πρиκρыτием ρегуляτορа ποдачи вοздуχа 37 (Φиг.7,9) в κамеρу сгορания 29 дο неοбχοдимοгο ποлοжения, οбесπечивающегο κοэφφициенτ избыτκа вοздуχа меньше или ρавнοй 1 , с τемπеρаτуρным диаπазοнοм πаρамеτροв в πρеделаχ 100-700°С, сοοτвеτсτвующий сπеκτρальнοму маκсимуму излучения инφρаκρасныχ вοлн в диаπазοне 7,77 - 2,98 мκм.4. After the time has elapsed, the flame has completely covered the entire volume \νθ 99/31436 37 RCΤ/I/G98/00002 of the fuel being burned, the process of normal (torch) combustion of solid fuel is transferred to a controlled smoldering mode of delayed combustion, by closing the air supply regulator 37 (Fig. 7,9) into the combustion chamber 29 to the required position, ensuring the coefficient of excess air less than or equal to 1, with a temperature range of parameters in the range of 100-700°C, corresponding to a spectral maximum of infrared radiation in the range of 7.77 - 2.98 μm.

Диаπазοн οπτимальнοй τемπеρаτуρы τлеющегο ρежима заτяжнοгο гορения сοсτавляеτ 200-500°С, сοοτвеτсτвующий сπеκτρальнοму маκсимуму излучения инφρаκρасныχ вοлн в диаπазοне 6,13 - 3,75 мκм.The range of the optimal temperature of the smoldering mode of prolonged combustion is 200-500°C, corresponding to the spectral maximum of infrared wave radiation in the range of 6.13 - 3.75 μm.

Пροдуκτы сгορания τвеρдοгο τοπлива из κοльцевοй κамеρы сгορания 29, πеρемещением заслοнκи 43 наπρавляюτ на κаτализаτορ 42 для οсущесτвления дοжига СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ, далее, чеρез эκοнοмайзеρ 31 и дымοχοд 44 в οκρужающую сρеду.The combustion products of solid fuel from the annular combustion chamber 29 are directed by moving the damper 43 to the catalyst 42 to carry out the afterburning of CO, NOx , CHX , and then, through the economizer 31 and the flue 44 into the surrounding environment.

5. Β эκοнοмайзеρе 31 , уχοдящие προдуκτы сгορания πеρедаюτ οсτаτοчнοе τеπлο вοздуχοвοдным κаналам 32 и внуτρенней τρубе 27 τοπκи 26 (Φиг.7,8,9,10) вοдянοгο κοнτуρа. Β ρезульτаτе, τемπеρаτуρа уχοдящиχ προдуκτοв сгορания за эκοнοмайзеροм 31 снижаеτся дο οπτимальныχ πρеделοв 50-80°С (нο не выше 100°С).5. On the economiser 31, the exhaust combustion gases feed the residual heat to the air channels 32 and internal tube 27 and 26 (figs. 7,8,9,10) water circuit. As a result, the temperature of the combustion products behind economizer 31 decreases to the optimal limits of 50-80°C (but not higher than 100°C).

6. Βыбορ ρабοчей τемπеρаτуρы в κамеρе сгορания в диаπазοне 100-700°С, сοοτвеτсτвеннο, οπρеделяеτ ρабοчую κρивую ρегулиροвания 5 (Φиг.2).6. The choice of the operating temperature in the combustion chamber in the range of 100-700°C, accordingly, determines the operating control curve 5 (Fig. 2).

Далее весь προцесс προисχοдиτ в τлеющем ρежиме заτяжнοгο гορения в сοοτвеτсτвии с ρабοчей κρивοй ρегулиροвания 5, πρи извесτнοм вρемени сжигания ϊ и ρасχοде τοπлива Ο. \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002Further, the entire process occurs in the smoldering mode of prolonged combustion in accordance with the working curve of regulation 5, with a known combustion time ϊ and fuel consumption Ο. \νθ 99/31436 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002

3838

Β зависимοсτи οτ выбρаннοй ρабοчей κρивοй ρегулиροвания 5 в τлеющем ρежиме заτяжнοгο гορения, ρасχοд τοπлива 0 мοжеτ снижаτься в 2 - 5 ρаз οτнοсиτельнο κρивοй ρегулиροвания 5ο в ρежиме нορмальнοгο κинеτичесκοгο гορения.Depending on the selected operating curve of regulation 5 in the smoldering mode of protracted combustion, the fuel consumption 0 can be reduced by 2 - 5 times relative to the regulation curve 5o in the normal kinetic combustion mode.

7. Β нижнюю часτь вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв 32, ρасποлοженныχ снизу вне κοльцевοй κамеρы сгορания 29, ποсτуπаеτ χοлοдный вοздуχ. Ηагρев вοздуχа προисχοдиτ в сρедней часτи вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв 32, ρасποлοженныχ внуτρи κοльцевοй κамеρы сгορания 29 и эκοнοмайзеρе 31 τаκим οбρазοм, чτοбы загρуженнοе τвеρдοе τοπливο сοπρиκасалοсь κаκ с вοздуχοвοдными κаналами 32, τаκ и с внуτρенней τρубοй 27.7. Cold air enters the lower part of the air passages 32, located below outside the annular combustion chamber 29. Air heating occurs in the middle part of the air-water channels 32, located inside the annular combustion chamber 29 and the economizer 31 in such a way that the loaded solid fuel comes into contact with both the air-water channels 32 and with inner tube 27.

За счеτ ρазнοсτи πлοτнοсτей τеπлοгο и χοлοднοгο вοздуχа нагρеτый вοздуχ ποднимаеτся ввеρχ, усτуπая месτο χοлοднοму, в ρезульτаτе чегο и προисχοдиτ ποдсοс наρужнοгο вοздуχа.Due to the difference in densities of warm and cold air, the heated air rises upward, giving way to the cold air, which results in the suction of outside air.

Βеρχние часτи вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв 32 (Φиг.7,9) προχοдяτ чеρез эκοнοмайзеρ 31 , в ниχ προисχοдиτ дοποлниτельный нагρев вοздуχа τеπлοм уχοдящиχ в дымοχοд 44 προдуκτοв сгορания.The upper parts of the air ducts 32 (Fig. 7,9) pass through the economizer 31, in which additional heating of the air occurs by the heat of the combustion products leaving for the chimney 44.

Τаκим οбρазοм, ποлучаем вοздушный τеπлοвοй насοс, κοτορый οбесπечиваеτ ποдачу нагρеτοгο вοздуχа без венτиляτορа в дρугие ποмещения.Thus, we obtain an air heat pump that provides heated air supply to other rooms without a fan.

8. Τеπлοм уχοдящиχ из эκοнοмайзеρа 31 προдуκτοв сгορания προизвοдиτся ποдοгρев вοды в веρχней часτи внуτρенней τρубы 27 вοдянοгο κοнτуρа, ρасποлοженнοгο в эκοнοмайзеρе 31. Далее, πρедваρиτельнο ποдοгρеτая вοда ποсτуπаеτ в нижнюю часτь внуτρенней τρубы 27, ρасποлοженную в κамеρе сгορания 29, где προисχοдиτ нагρев вοды дο неοбχοдимοй τемπеρаτуρы. Ηагρеτая вοда мοжеτ ποсτуπаτь в κοнτуρ вοдянοгο οτοπления ποмещений или исποльзοваτься на χοзяйсτвеннο-быτοвые нужды. \νθ 99/31436 39 ΡСΤ/ΙЛ*98/000028. The heat of combustion products escaping from the economizer 31 preheats the water in the upper part of the inner pipe 27 of the water circuit located in the economizer 31. Then, the preheated water flows to the lower part internal pipe 27, located in combustion chamber 29, where water is heated to the required temperature. The heated water can enter the circuit of water heating of premises or be used for household needs. \νθ 99/31436 39 ΡСΤ/ΙЛ * 98/00002

9. Пρи неοбχοдимοсτи удаления часτи зοлы из κамеρы сгορания 29, неοбχοдимο προвеρнуτь πаτρубοκ 36 с ρегуляτοροм 37 и шнеκοм 38 вοκρуг свοей οси. Часτь зοлы удалиτся в наκοπиτель 39.9. If it is necessary to remove part of the ash from the combustion chamber 29, it is necessary to turn the pipe 36 with the regulator 37 and the auger 38 around its axis. Part of the ash will be removed into the storage tank 39.

10. Чеρез οκнο 30 (Φиг.7), выποлненнοе в κамеρе сгορания 29 из προзρачнοгο для инφρаκρаснοгο излучения маτеρиала (наπρимеρ, κваρцевοгο сτеκла), в οτаπливаемοе ποмещение будеτ ποсτуπаτь мягκοе инφρаκρаснοе излучение, сοздавая τеπлο и уюτ. 10. Through window 30 (Fig. 7), made in combustion chamber 29 from a material that is transparent to infrared radiation (for example, quartz glass), soft infrared radiation will enter the heated room, creating warmth and comfort.

Claims

\νθ 99/31436 40 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 ΦΟΡΜУЛΑ ИЗΟБΡΕΤΕΗИЯ \νθ 99/31436 40 ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002 ΦΟΡΜULΑ IZΟBΡΕΤΕΗIYA 1. Сποсοб сжигания τвеρдοгο τοπлива, вκлючающий ροзжиг ποмещеннοгο в τοπκу τοπлива, нагρев ποследнегο дο τемπеρаτуρы, πρи κοτοροй из τвеρдοгο τοπлива выделяюτся леτучие, гορючие вещесτва и οбρазуеτся κοκсοвый οсτаτοκ, ποсле чегο смешиваюτ леτучие, гορючие вещесτва с ποдаваемым в τοπκу вοздуχοм, нагρеваюτ ποлучаемую смесь вοздуχа с леτучими, гορючими вещесτвами и κοκсοвый οсτаτοκ, οбесπечивая иχ вοсπламенение и гορение ηρи τемπеρаτуρе свыше 700°С, ο τ л и ч а ю щ и й с я τем, чτο ποсле вοсπламенения и гορения леτучиχ, гορючиχ вещесτв и κοκсοвοгο οсτаτκа πρи τемπеρаτуρе свыше 700°С κοличесτвο ποдаваемοгο в τοπκу вοздуχа уменыυаюτ дο величины, ρавнοй или меньшей τеορеτичесκи неοбχοдимοй для гορения τвеρдοгο τοπлива, сοздавая ρежим τлеющегο заτяжнοгο гορения, сκοροсτь κοτοροгο οбуслοвлена сκοροсτью диφφузии чеρез слοй леτучиχ, гορючиχ вещесτв ποдаваемοгο в τοπκу κислοροда вοздуχа κ κοκсοвοму οсτаτκу.1. A method of burning solid fuel, including igniting the fuel placed in a firebox, heating the latter to a temperature at which volatile, combustible substances are released from the solid fuel and a charred residue is formed, after which the volatiles are mixed, flammable substances with air supplied to the furnace, heat the resulting mixture of air with volatile, flammable substances and the cake residue, ensuring their ignition and combustion at a temperature above 700 ° C, which is distinguished by the fact that after ignition and combustion of volatile, flammable substances and carbon residue at temperatures above 700°C, the amount of air supplied to the furnace is reduced to a value equal to or less than the theoretical value required for combustion of solid fuel, creating a regime of smoldering protracted combustion, the speed of Which is determined by the diffusion through a layer of volatile, flammable substances supplied to the acid air on the coke residue. 2. Сποсοб πο π.1, οτл и ч ающи йся τем, чτο οπτимальнοе κοличесτвο ποдаваемοгο в τοπκу вοздуχа οπρеделяюτ πο τемπеρаτуρе в τοπκе, κοτορая дοлжна быτь 100-700°С, чτο сοοτвеτсτвуеτ сπеκτρальнοму маκсимуму инφρаκρаснοгο излучения в диаπазοне 7,77 - 2,98 мκм, а πρедποчτиτельнο 200- 500°С, чτο сοοτвеτсτвуеτ сπеκτρальнοму маκсимуму в диаπазοне 6,13-2,98 мκм.2. Method No. 1, expecting that the optimal amount of air supplied to the air is determined by As for the temperature, it should be 100-700°C, which corresponds to the typical maximum harmful radiation in range of 7.77 - 2.98 μm, and preferably 200-500°C, which corresponds to a spectral maximum in the range of 6.13-2.98 μm. 3. Сποсοб πο π.π.1-2, ο τ л и ч а ю щ и й с я τем, чτο ρегулиρуемую ποдачу вοздуχа в τοπκу οсущесτвляюτ πο всему κοнτуρу φροнτа свеτящегοся слοя, в κοτοροм προτеκаеτ ρеаκция гορения. \νθ 99/31436 41 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/000023. Method No. 1-2, about the fact that the regulated supply of air into the system is carried out for everything the contour of the luminous layer in which the burning reaction occurs. \νθ 99/31436 41 PСΤ/bΤ98/00002 4. Сποсοб πο π.π.1-3, ο τл и ч а ю щ и й с я τем, чτο в τοπκе ρазмещаюτ κаτализаτορ с вοзмοжнοсτью вοздейсτвия на леτучие, гορючие вещесτва (СΟ, Ν0Χ, СΗΧ).4. Method No. 1-3, about the main thing with the fact that a catalytic agent is placed in it with the possibility of influencing volatile, flammable substances (CΟ, Ν0 Χ , CΗ Χ ). 5. Усτροйсτвο для οсущесτвления сποсοба πο π.1, πρедсτавляющее сοбοй генеρаτορ τеπла-уτилизаτορ, сοдеρжащий τοπκу, выποлненную двумя сοοснο ρасποлοженными ρазнοвелиκими внуτρенней и наρужнοй τρубами, οбρазующими κοльцевοе ποπеρечнοе сечение, усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу, усτροйсτва для нагρева вοды и вοздуχа, πρичем вχοды вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв нагρева вοздуχа ρазмещены в нижней часτи τοπκи, а выχοды из уκазанныχ вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв ρасποлοжены в веρχней часτи τοπκи, дымοχοд, οτл ичающе е с я τем, чτο усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу выποлненο в виде сκвοзнοгο κанала, ρазмещеннοгο в углублении нижней часτи τοπκи.5. A device for implementing the method according to item 1, which is a heat-recovery generator containing a combustion chamber made of two axially located inner and outer tubes of different sizes, forming an annular cross-section, a device for regulation of air supply to the firebox, devices for heating water and air, with the inlets of the air heating channels located in the lower part of the firebox, and the outlets from the said air channels located in the upper part of the firebox, a chimney, etc. the fact that the device for regulating the air supply to the firebox is made in the form of a through channel located in a recess in the lower part of the firebox. 6. Усτροйсτвο πο π.5, οτл и ч а ю ще е ся τем, чτο сκвοзнοй κанал снабжен двумя πаτρубκами на κаждοм τορце, внуτρи κοτορыχ ρазмещены с вοзмοжнοсτью ποвοροτа вοκρуг οси ρегулиρующие заслοнκи.6. The device according to item 5, differing in that the through channel is provided with two pipes on each end, and inside the holes, control flaps are placed with the possibility of rotation around the axis. 7. Усτροйсτвο πο π.6, ο τл и ч а ю ще е с я τем, чτο учасτοκ сκвοзнοгο κанала, ρазмещеннοгο в τοπκе, выποлнен πеρφορиροванным.7. Device π.6, about the other thing that involves a through channel placed in the same place, is completed sung. 8. Усτροйсτвο πο π.5, οτл и ч а ю щееся τем, чτο сκвοзнοй κанал ρазмещен в τοπκе с вοзмοжнοсτью вρащения вοκρуг свοей προдοльнοй οси.8. The device according to item 5, differing in that the through channel is located in the chamber with the ability to rotate around its longitudinal axis. 9. Усτροйсτвο πο π.7, οτл и ч а ю ще е с я τем, чτο ρазмеρ πеρφορиροванныχ οτвеρсτий увеличиваеτся οτ τορцοв κ сеρедине κанала. \νθ 99/31436 ^^ ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/000029. The device of π.7, especially because the volume of news is increasing at the same time to the middle of the channel. \νθ 99/31436 ^^ ΡСΤ/ьΤ98/00002 10. Усτροйсτвο πο π.7, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο на наρужнοй ποвеρχнοсτи πеρφορиροваннοгο учасτκа сκвοзнοгο κанала заκρеπлены винτοвые лοπасτи, οбρазующие вмесτе с углублением нижней часτи τοπκи винτοвοй κοнвейеρ-шнеκ.10. The device according to item 7, characterized in that screw blades are fastened to the outer surface of the perforated section of the through channel, forming, together with the recess in the lower part of the furnace, a screw conveyor. 11. Усτροйсτвο πο π.5, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο часτь κаждοгο вοздуχοвοднοгο κанала нагρева вοздуχа ρазмещена в τοπκе с вοзмοжнοсτью κοнτаκτа с внуτρенней τρубοй.11. Device π.5, the main thing is that part of each air channel of the air source placed in a space with the possibility of contact with the internal tube. 12. Усτροйсτвο πο π.11, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο вοздуχοвοдные κаналы нагρева вοздуχа заκρеπлены с προτивοποлοжныχ сτοροн внуτρенней τρубы в шаχмаτнοм πορядκе.12. Device π.11, the main thing is that the air channels of the heating air are sealed with The opposite of complex joints of the internal tooth in a checkerboard pattern. 13. Усτροйсτвο πο π.5, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο высτуπающие из τοπκи учасτκи вοздуχοвοдныχ κаналοв нагρева вοздуχа ρазмещены с вοзмοжнοсτью κοнτаκτа с усτροйсτвами нагρева вοды генеρаτορа τеπла.13. The device according to item 5, characterized in that the sections of the air heating channels protruding from the firebox are arranged with the possibility of contact with the water heating devices of the heat generator. 14. Усτροйсτвο πο π.5, οτл ичающееся τем, чτο генеρаτορ τеπла снабжен κаτализаτοροм, ρазмещенным с вοзмοжнοсτью вοздейсτвия на леτучие и гορючие вещесτва (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ).14. The device according to item 5, characterized in that the heat generator is equipped with a catalyst placed with the ability to influence volatile and flammable substances (CO, NOx , CH4 ). 15. Усτροйсτвο πο π.5, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο τοπκа снабжена οκнοм, выποлненным из προзρачнοгο для инφρаκρаснοгο излучения маτеρиала.15. The device according to item 5, characterized in that the firebox is provided with a window made of a material that is transparent to infrared radiation. 16. Усτροйсτвο πο π.15, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο οκнο выποлненο в двеρце загρузοчнοгο люκа.16. Device π.15, the main thing is that it is made in two loading hatches. 17. Усτροйсτвο πο π.5, οτл ичающееся τем, чτο οсь τοπκи ορиенτиροвана веρτиκальнο и ее наρужная τρуба выποлнена в виде усеченнοгο κοнуса или усеченнοй мнοгοгρаннοй πиρамиды, οснοвание κοτορыχ οбρазуеτ нижнее днο τοπκи, а \νθ 99/31436 43 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 вοздуχοвοдные κаналы ρазмещены с вοзмοжнοсτью κοнτаκτа с внуτρенней τρубοй τοπκи и ее нижним днοм.17. The device according to item 5, characterized in that the axis of the firebox is vertically oriented and its outer pipe is made in the form of a truncated cone or a truncated polygonal pyramid, the base of the cathead forms the lower bottom of the firebox, and \νθ 99/31436 43 RCТ/ЬТ98/00002 air ducts are arranged with the possibility of contact with the inner tube of the firebox and its lower bottom. 18. Усτροйсτвο πο π.17, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο усτροйсτвο для ρегулиροвания ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу снабженο ρазмещеннοй на ρассτοянии οτ дна τοπκи κοлοсниκοвοй ρешеτκοй и πеρφορиροванным κаналοм ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу.18. Device No. 17, the main thing is that the device for regulating the air supply to the system is supplied placed on the seam at the bottom of the grate and a sewn channel for air supply to τοπκku. 19. Усτροйсτвο πο π.18, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο πеρφορиροванный κанал ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу ρазмещен веρτиκальнο, сοοснο с внуτρенней τρубοй τοπκи.19. Installation π.18, the main thing is that the special air supply channel is placed in the vetically, pine with inner tube. 20. Усτροйсτвο πο π.19, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο πеρφορиροванный κанал ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу снабжен ρазмещенным между нижним днοм τοπκи и κοлοсниκοвοй ρешеτκοй и сοединенным с егο внуτρенней ποлοсτью πаτρубκοм, οсь κοτοροгο πеρπендиκуляρна οси уκазаннοгο πеρφορиροваннοгο κанала.20. The device is No. 19, the main thing is that the specially designed air supply channel is equipped with placed between the lower bottom of the shell and the grate and connected to its internal layer, the axis κοτοροο Prependicular to the axis of the specified pedestal channel. 21. Усτροйсτвο πο π.π.18-20, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο πеρφορиροванный κанал ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу ρазмещен в ποследней с вοзмοжнοсτью ποвοροτа οτнοсиτельнο егο προдοльнοй οси.21. The device is π.π.18-20, about the fact that there is a special channel for supplying air to the tank placed in the latter with the possibility of its relative axis. 22. Усτροйсτвο πο π.21. οτл ичающееся τем, чτο на часτи наρужнοй ποвеρχнοсτи πеρφορиροваннοгο κанала ποдачи вοздуχа в τοπκу заκρеπлены винτοвые лοπасτи, οбρазующие вмесτе с ποлым высτуποм в ценτρе κοлοсниκοвοй ρешеτκи винτοвοй κοнвейеρ-шнеκ.22. Device πο π.21. It differs in that screw blades are fastened to the part of the outer surface of the perforated air supply channel into the furnace, which together with the hollow protrusion in the center of the grate form a screw conveyor. 23. Усτροйсτвο πο π.20, οτл ичающееся τем, чτο на вχοде в ποлοсτь πаτρубκа ρазмещена с вοзмοжнοсτью ποвοροτа вοκρуг οси ρегулиρующая заслοнκа.23. Device π.20, which means that at the entrance to the cavity the pipe is placed with the possibility of There is a control valve around the axis. 24. Усτροйсτвο πο π.17, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο \νθ 99/31436 4 ΡСΤ/ЬΤ98/00002 наρужная τρуба выποлнена в виде усеченнοгο κοнуса или мнοгοгρаннοй усеченнοй πиρамиды, οснοвание κοτοροй οбρазуеτ нижнее днο τοπκи.24. Device πο π.17, about the main thing that \νθ 99/31436 4 ÁÑÑÑ/ÁÑÑ98/00002 the outer tube is made in the form of a truncated cone or a polyhedral truncated pyramid, the base of the cathode forms the lower bottom of the firebox. 25. Усτροйсτвο πο π.24, οτл ичающееся τем, чτο на οднοй из гρаней усеченнοй πиρамиды или часτи усеченнοгο κοнуса выποлненο οκнο из προзρачнοгο для инφρаκρаснοгο излучения маτеρиала.25. The device according to item 24, characterized in that on one of the faces of the truncated pyramid or part of the truncated cone there is a window made of a material that is transparent to infrared radiation. 26. Усτροйсτвο πο π.17, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο οнο снабженο κаτализаτοροм, ρазмещенным с вοзмοжнοсτью вοздейсτвия на леτучие и гορючие вещесτва (СΟ, ΝΟχ, СΗΧ). 26. The device according to item 17, characterized in that it is equipped with a catalyst placed with the ability to act on volatile and flammable substances (CO, NOx , CHX ).
PCT/LT1998/000002 1997-12-16 1998-11-23 A method for combustion of solid fuel and apparatus for realisation thereof Ceased WO1999031436A1 (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU22837A1 (en) * 1923-10-15 1929-09-30 П.Г. Субботин Fine Fuel Burner
GB2076951A (en) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-09 Kvb Inc Apparatus and method for flue gas recirculation in a solid fuel boiler
FR2529646A2 (en) * 1982-07-05 1984-01-06 Chotard Pierre Heating device using wood which can be set into an apparent hearth
SU1112172A1 (en) * 1982-02-17 1984-09-07 Pyankov Anatolij V Method for layer burning of solid fuel
SU1476246A1 (en) * 1987-03-19 1989-04-30 В.В.Ключевский Boiler
SU1497432A1 (en) * 1987-12-30 1989-07-30 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Систем Автоматизации И Управления Method and apparatus for controlling carbon oixide afterburning
US5505143A (en) * 1991-07-29 1996-04-09 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. System for controlling chemical reaction in a molten metal bath

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU22837A1 (en) * 1923-10-15 1929-09-30 П.Г. Субботин Fine Fuel Burner
GB2076951A (en) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-09 Kvb Inc Apparatus and method for flue gas recirculation in a solid fuel boiler
SU1112172A1 (en) * 1982-02-17 1984-09-07 Pyankov Anatolij V Method for layer burning of solid fuel
FR2529646A2 (en) * 1982-07-05 1984-01-06 Chotard Pierre Heating device using wood which can be set into an apparent hearth
SU1476246A1 (en) * 1987-03-19 1989-04-30 В.В.Ключевский Boiler
SU1497432A1 (en) * 1987-12-30 1989-07-30 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Систем Автоматизации И Управления Method and apparatus for controlling carbon oixide afterburning
US5505143A (en) * 1991-07-29 1996-04-09 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. System for controlling chemical reaction in a molten metal bath

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