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WO1999009449A1 - Procede et dispositif de production d'une image restituant l'aspect 3d - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de production d'une image restituant l'aspect 3d Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999009449A1
WO1999009449A1 PCT/EP1998/005254 EP9805254W WO9909449A1 WO 1999009449 A1 WO1999009449 A1 WO 1999009449A1 EP 9805254 W EP9805254 W EP 9805254W WO 9909449 A1 WO9909449 A1 WO 9909449A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
images
image
lenses
arrangement according
diverging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1998/005254
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Würz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP98946376A priority Critical patent/EP1019776A1/fr
Publication of WO1999009449A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999009449A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
    • G03B35/24—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using apertured or refractive resolving means on screens or between screen and eye
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
    • H04N13/207—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using a single 2D image sensor
    • H04N13/221—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using a single 2D image sensor using the relative movement between cameras and objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/0037—Production of three-dimensional images
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
    • H04N13/207—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using a single 2D image sensor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
    • H04N13/239—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using two 2D image sensors having a relative position equal to or related to the interocular distance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
    • H04N13/254—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras in combination with electromagnetic radiation sources for illuminating objects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/189—Recording image signals; Reproducing recorded image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
    • H04N13/207—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using a single 2D image sensor
    • H04N13/229—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using a single 2D image sensor using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/257—Colour aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/286—Image signal generators having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/296—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/324—Colour aspects

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an image that can be recognized by a viewer as a spatial image without additional aids.
  • the impression of spatial depth can be created on a two-dimensional image display medium, for example a printed sheet of paper or a screen, by displaying on the image display medium a so-called parallax panorama diagram, which is then viewed through a lens grid arranged in front of the image plane .
  • the parallax panoramagram is a representation of the three-dimensional object, which consists of several corresponding partial images nested in one another in the lenticular grid.
  • the lenticular grid serves to optically separate the partial images from one another, so that in the
  • the lenticular grid is arranged in front of the panorama diagram in such a way that the focal plane of the lenses essentially coincides with the image plane.
  • the light emanating from a point in the image plane is then refracted by the lenses into a substantially parallel beam which forms a certain angle with the normal to the image.
  • the angle between the viewing direction and the image normal is, according to the laws of geometric optics, the distance between the point under consideration and the optical axis associated lens determined.
  • the desired assignment between the partial images and the viewing direction can thus be achieved in that the partial image elements are arranged in suitable positions with respect to the lenticular grid.
  • a lens grid consisting of vertically extending cylindrical lenses is usually used, and the viewing angle is varied horizontally, so that in particular the different parallaxes for the left and right eyes of the viewer are reproduced, thus giving the impression of spatial depth.
  • DE-OS 21 42 099 Also known is an additional device (DE-OS 21 42 099) that continuously moves a serial camera in an arc around the subject. Here, too, several recordings are made with one camera.
  • a method is known from EP 0 583 766 A1, in which the three-dimensional structure of the object is represented by a sequence of images which were recorded from a plurality of viewing directions varying around a central viewing direction.
  • the image data is entered into a computer that calculates the parallax panoramagram, which is then printed on an image display medium. With the help of the computer, further interim caste images are synthesized that correspond to additional viewing directions.
  • a three-dimensional coordinate system (Cartesian), which is defined by a set of vectors, is used to calculate the panoramagram of an object, the viewer being at a specific location at a finite distance from the object and the gaze always remains on a certain view target point.
  • the calculation here provides that the panoramagram contains several 2-D image elements assigned to each point of the three-dimensional object. This presupposes that sufficiently fine lenticular grids are used and the line elements are in the focal plane of the lenses.
  • the nested partial images or 2D image elements are located in the focal plane of the lenses and are essentially refracted as a parallel beam which forms a certain angle with the image normal. For this reason, it is necessary to use relatively fine lenticular grids in order to achieve adequate resolution.
  • the resolution of the three-dimensional image is determined by the lenticular grid.
  • the resolution of the image display medium used should be a multiple of this resolution, so that nested partial images with corresponding details can still be displayed under a lens. This leads e.g. B. with TV monitors already to major almost unsolvable problems.
  • the horizontal extent of a pixel on a 57-cra screen is approximately 0.6 mm. If one now assumes that for the construction of a parallax panoramagram with four partial images per lens, four image points are used for each partial image, the individual lens should have a width of 9.6 mm. Since the pixels are now in the focal plane of the lenses, the light is deflected by the monitor as a parallel beam in 4 different directions. As a result, the image is only 1/4 of the monitor resolution and can also have gaps in the form of dark stripes.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a simple method and an arrangement for producing a spatially reproducible image, which is small
  • the invention proposes a method with the features mentioned in claim 1.
  • the invention also proposes an arrangement with the features mentioned in claim 15.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the spatial object to be imaged produces several complete images which show the object from several laterally offset directions, each individual lens being assigned a complete image.
  • the position of the image plane relative to the lenticular grid is not, as in the known methods, in the focal plane of the lenses, but, like in the case of a magnifying glass, between the focal point and the lens at a specific distance which is related to the depth and focal length.
  • An actually existing lenticular grid which consists, for example, of several diverging lenses, is used to generate the images.
  • this lenticular grid can also be simulated mathematically.
  • the raster is imaged with the virtual images generated in the diverging lenses as an entire image by a camera, and this imaging can also be carried out arithmetically.
  • the areal complete image of the object generated corresponds to the individual views of the object taken from respectively adjacent starting points at a distance of the lens width of the individual lens of the lenticular screen.
  • Each individual image has the parallax differences in all pixels or pixel sets in relation to its spatial depth compared to its neighboring images, which periodically repeat for each pixel or pixel set of the same depth point at a constant distance from image to image, as long as they can still be found in the respective image section is.
  • the recording of the object from two directions lying side by side is sufficient so that two images of the object are generated.
  • the larger the number of individual images the better the viewing possibility for the viewer, i.e. the greater the angle that enables spatial perception.
  • the spatial image lies behind the lenticular grid.
  • the effect achieved is comparable to a window through which you can look through.
  • the spatial image appears to be in front of the lenticular grid. It gives the impression that the object is floating in the room.
  • the width of the magnifying glasses is equal to the width of the images. Then a magnifying glass is arranged at the appropriate distance before the individual image when viewing the images.
  • the images are produced or generated in a shortened manner in the lateral direction. Then the resulting overall image retains approximately the same ratio of height and width, so that it can be more easily recognized by the viewer.
  • Images of the object from the different directions can be produced optically, in particular in further training, with the help of an optical image.
  • the images of the object are generated by calculation. This is particularly important or useful if the objects to be imaged are of a geometric type, that is to say essentially consist of lines.
  • This type of generation of the images can be carried out, for example, if the objects are also objects which can be determined by calculation, that is to say, for example, in CAD programs. Since the imaging equations of optical systems are known, the images can also be easily calculated. It is also possible, for example, to carry out an optical imaging on an electrically scannable device, for example a CCD sensor, and then to have the effect of the lenses calculated. This is also possible with normal pictures, not only if the objects to be displayed consist of lines.
  • the images are generated simultaneously.
  • the images can be generated, for example, on a photographic film, that is to say in a camera or film camera, or else on a monitor or a screen.
  • the invention also proposes an arrangement with the features mentioned in claim 15.
  • the device for viewing the image can be part of the image, or an additional device that the viewer has with him in a manner similar to a magnifying glass or an enlarger for slides.
  • the width of the magnifying glasses is equal to the width of the images.
  • the recording device is designed such that the images are produced in a shortened manner in the lateral direction.
  • the recording device can have an optical camera or be formed by it. It is also possible that the recording device has a video camera if spatial processes are to be recorded and reproduced.
  • the recording device can also be designed such that it calculates the images mathematically.
  • the mapping equations of optical devices such as lenses, mirrors or the like are known. It is therefore possible to also compute an image of an object. This is especially true if the objects are also in the form of equations or numerical values, such as in CAD programs.
  • the recording device generates all images simultaneously or quasi simultaneously.
  • One way of generating several laterally shortened images is to produce the images using a series of cylindrical diverging lenses lying next to one another.
  • the images are generated and / or reproduced on a screen. This is also to be understood to mean that the images are first generated on an electrically scannable intermediate arrangement and only then are they generated on a screen with visible information.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the creation of an image from several images.
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement for viewing the image generated in FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration for explaining the composition of several images;
  • 6 - 9 are schematic representations for further explanation.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a very simple overview, one possibility of how a series of adjacent images can be produced from different directions in an image plane 2 from a spatial object 1 with the aid of an optical system.
  • an optical system is provided, which is implemented by the lens 3 shown schematically.
  • the lens 3 can be a photographic lens.
  • the lens 3 would normally produce a two-dimensional image of the object 1 in the image plane 2.
  • a device 4 for producing a plurality of individual images is arranged in front of the lens 3 in the beam path between the object 1 and the image plane 2. It is a series of cylindrical diffusion lenses 5 lying next to one another, that is to say, for example, a glass body which is provided with concave grooves on one of the two sides.
  • An image of the complete object 1 falls on each of the cylindrical lenses formed thereby, all of the diverging lenses seeing the object 1 from a different direction. These different directions are laterally offset transversely to the cylinder axes of the lenses.
  • a shortened image of the object 1 is generated in this direction, which with the help of Lens 3 is imaged in the image plane.
  • the device 4 is designed such that the individual images 6 of the object 1 are arranged next to one another with little or no spacing in the image plane 2.
  • a single magnifying glass 8 is arranged in front of each individual image, through which this image can be viewed. The distance between the
  • Image plane 2 and the viewing device 7 are selected such that the image plane 2 lies behind or in front of the focal plane of the magnifying glasses 8. This creates a virtual image that is enlarged when viewing the individual images.
  • the size of the grid i.e. H. the width of the individual figures 6 and the cylindrical magnifying glasses 8 can be relatively large.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows two adjacent images in the form of an arrow 9, a cylindrical magnifying glass 8 being provided for each arrow 9. Since the images of the object, in this case the arrows 9a, 9b, are taken from different directions, they are also at different locations in relation to their magnifying glasses 8a, 8b. When looking at arrow 9a through magnifying glass 8a, an image b is formed.
  • the following equation applies:
  • the sizes of the grid width b and the focal length f are constant in a given lens system, so that the correction contribution C depends directly on the depth T of the virtual pixel behind the lens grid.
  • the tip of the arrow 9a is shifted upward by the amount C in the lower lens system in FIG. 3 compared to the upper system from the respective optical axes. The following then applies to the distance a of the same depth point from image to image:
  • each individual lens system of the lenticular screen contains a reduced version of the when looking at the overall picture with the corresponding differences in direction in the illustration.
  • the width of the respective image section corresponds to the width of the individual lens of the lenticular screen.
  • the position of the image plane in relation to the lenticular grid is not here in the focal plane of the lenses as in the other methods, but rather, as in the use of a magnifying glass, between the focal point and the lens at a specific distance from the depth and focal length is related.
  • the light rays of an image point are no longer emitted by a lens as a parallel beam, but rather as a diverging bundle, in the form that the image points of an identical spatial point converge under each lens in a rearward extension into a virtual spatial image point.
  • the essential and decisive advantage of the new method proposed by the invention compared to the previous method is that the fine lenticular grid required in the known methods and below the resolution of the eye is no longer necessary here.
  • Grid widths can be selected, which may be relatively large, since even large individual images continuously merge into an overall image without a disturbing transition.
  • the upper limit of the grid width depends on the viewing distance. At least two lenses of the lenticular screen with their partial images and the differences in direction have to be imaged on the retina of the eye in the area of sharp vision.
  • a lenticular grid with positive lenses in the correct size ratio is used for the reproduction and placed in front of the image plane, the recorded object appears as a three-dimensional spatial image.
  • a lenticular grid can, for example, be attached directly to the television set, possibly also subsequently.
  • Another possible application is the three-dimensional representation of CAD drawings on a screen.
  • the individual partial images can be calculated using the known imaging equations and displayed in a grid on the screen, in front of which a front lens with the cylindrical magnifying glasses can then be attached in the correct grid.
  • Image size B 3.97 mm
  • FIG. 9 shows a lenticular grid made up of converging lenses in the arrangement of magnifying glasses, with the same theoretical lens data as above:
  • Image size B 3.97 mm
  • Lens data for the recording grid and the playback grid, the real object and the virtual spatial image are completely identical in size and depth.
  • this consideration led to a lenticular screen with diverging lenses and the resulting advantageous possibility of obtaining finished partial images with all the parallel differences of the three-dimensional object in one go. Since these drawing files are only available virtually, the lenticular grid must be displayed as an entire picture. This is advantageously done with a commercially available camera, regardless of whether a photo, digital or video camera is used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production ou de fabrication d'une image restituant l'aspect 3D, selon lequel on prend plusieurs photos d'un objet entier sous différents angles par décalage sur le côté. Les reproductions sont, de préférence, représentées à travers une rangée de lentilles divergentes cylindriques placées devant l'objectif de l'appareil photo sur le trajet du faisceau. L'image ainsi obtenue, par exemple, une photo papier ou une diapositive, est observée à travers une rangée de loupes cylindriques juxtaposées, dont la largeur est égale à la largeur des différentes reproductions. Ce procédé convient également dans le cas de représentations CAO et pour la télévision 3D.
PCT/EP1998/005254 1997-08-20 1998-08-19 Procede et dispositif de production d'une image restituant l'aspect 3d Ceased WO1999009449A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98946376A EP1019776A1 (fr) 1997-08-20 1998-08-19 Procede et dispositif de production d'une image restituant l'aspect 3d

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19736158A DE19736158A1 (de) 1997-08-20 1997-08-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines räumlich wiedergebbaren Bildes
DE19736158.7 1997-08-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999009449A1 true WO1999009449A1 (fr) 1999-02-25

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ID=7839579

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1998/005254 Ceased WO1999009449A1 (fr) 1997-08-20 1998-08-19 Procede et dispositif de production d'une image restituant l'aspect 3d

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1019776A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19736158A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999009449A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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EP1445638A3 (fr) * 2003-02-07 2006-08-09 R. Stahl Schaltgeräte GmbH Projecteur à diodes électroluminescentes, notamment lampe de poche, comportant des éléments dioptriques
CN103862983A (zh) * 2012-12-12 2014-06-18 石狮市冠鑫反光材料有限公司 3d立体画制作工艺

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US7950805B2 (en) * 2007-11-26 2011-05-31 Submedia Llc Systems and methods for displaying images to viewers in motion or viewing from multiple perspectives
DE102008025103A1 (de) * 2008-05-26 2009-12-10 Technische Universität Berlin Verfahren zum Herstellen einer autostereoskopischen Darstellung und Anordnung für eine autostereoskopische Darstellung

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US5223925A (en) * 1990-10-28 1993-06-29 Tomohiko Hattori Autostereoscopic system
JPH08262371A (ja) * 1995-03-17 1996-10-11 Tsushin Hoso Kiko 立体像再生装置及びその方法

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US5223925A (en) * 1990-10-28 1993-06-29 Tomohiko Hattori Autostereoscopic system
JPH08262371A (ja) * 1995-03-17 1996-10-11 Tsushin Hoso Kiko 立体像再生装置及びその方法

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1445638A3 (fr) * 2003-02-07 2006-08-09 R. Stahl Schaltgeräte GmbH Projecteur à diodes électroluminescentes, notamment lampe de poche, comportant des éléments dioptriques
CN103862983A (zh) * 2012-12-12 2014-06-18 石狮市冠鑫反光材料有限公司 3d立体画制作工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19736158A1 (de) 1999-02-25
EP1019776A1 (fr) 2000-07-19

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