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WO1999008464A1 - Perforation d'un canal ascendant pour reduire les interferences dans un reseau de transmission de donnees - Google Patents

Perforation d'un canal ascendant pour reduire les interferences dans un reseau de transmission de donnees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999008464A1
WO1999008464A1 PCT/SE1998/001406 SE9801406W WO9908464A1 WO 1999008464 A1 WO1999008464 A1 WO 1999008464A1 SE 9801406 W SE9801406 W SE 9801406W WO 9908464 A1 WO9908464 A1 WO 9908464A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
base station
multiple access
forward channel
flag
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE1998/001406
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English (en)
Inventor
Andrew S. Wright
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority to AU83717/98A priority Critical patent/AU8371798A/en
Publication of WO1999008464A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999008464A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/02—Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0866—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using a dedicated channel for access

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wireless (cellular) data communications networks and, in particular, to a method for reducing interference within a wireless data communications network.
  • Wireless data communications networks divide a large service area into a number of smaller discrete geographical areas called "cells" each typically ranging in size from about one-half to about twenty kilometers in diameter. Each cell is at least contiguous and/or overlapping with multiple adjacent cells to provide substantially continuous coverage throughout the service area.
  • a base station including a plurality of transceivers capable of operating independently on different assigned radio frequencies is provided for each of the cells. Via the transceivers, the base stations engage in simultaneous communications with plural mobile stations operating within the area of the associated cell.
  • the base stations further communicate via communications links with a central control and routing station, commonly referred to as a mobile data intermediate system (MDIS), which functions to selectively connect data communications to the mobile stations through the base stations and, in general, control operation of the network.
  • MDIS mobile data intermediate system
  • Each cell is assigned use of a predetermined set of frequencies from the cellular frequency band for use in providing its control and data (traffic) channels.
  • the assignment is typically made in accordance with a certain frequency plan.
  • the frequencies used for the control channel and traffic channels assigned to a given cell are preferably spaced apart from each other across the frequency spectrum of the cellular frequency band. This serves to minimize the instances and adverse affects of adjacent channel interference. Because only a limited number of frequencies are available in the cellular frequency band, the same frequencies that are assigned to one cell are also assigned to (i.e., re-used by) other cells in distant parts of the service area. Typically, adjacent cells are not assigned to use the same frequency by the frequency plan.
  • the power levels of the signal transmissions on any given frequency are limited in strength so as to limit propagation beyond the cell area.
  • the foregoing precautions serve to reduce the instances of co-channel interference caused by re-use of that same frequency in a distant cell. It is further noted that careful power level control and distance assignment also assists in reducing the instances of adjacent channel interference.
  • One commonly employed frequency plan assignment for cellular communications networks comprises a seven-level plan wherein the cells covering the service area are grouped into clusters of seven cells each, and the available frequencies are divided amongst and re-used within each of the clusters. While providing satisfactory operation, interference concerns still exist with respect to the re-use of same frequencies in distant cells. Reduction in interference may be obtained by increasing the number of frequencies that are re-used in each cluster. However, such additional frequencies may not be available due to the limited nature of the allocated frequency spectrum for wireless cellular communications, and in some instances the addition of frequencies does not completely solve the interference problem.
  • One solution is to partition each single frequency channel in the time domain to provide plural orthogonal logical channels which are used at different times (i.e., time division multiplexing). This solution advantageously does not require the allocation of additional frequencies from the wireless spectrum as the plural logical channels may share the same frequency.
  • Time re-use is furthermore a particularly appealing solution because the level of mutual interference between the plural created logical channels is zero (i.e., the channels are orthogonal).
  • Other solutions include spread spectrum code division and antenna sectoring (a form of space division) for providing additional channels within a frequency plan. Mutual interference with these solutions is not zero, but a sufficient level of interference suppression is provided to better support communications.
  • a known data communications network is the AT&T pACT ⁇ '97 system whose design is based around the use of seven 12.5 kHz full duplex frequencies each supporting an eight kilobit per second (kbps) data rate.
  • a 2x time and a 7x frequency re-use plan is implemented (i.e., two logical time division channels per frequency, and seven frequencies per cluster).
  • a total of fourteen logical channels may be created with this plan, only a twelve level plan is implemented. The remaining two channels are held in reserve for use in specific geographical areas where interference is especially severe (such as hill tops).
  • Each logical channel in the twelve level plan for the p ACT-' 97 system supports an effective 4 kbps data rate.
  • a symmetric frequency assignment is provided with respect to the uplink and downlink.
  • the same number of frequencies are allocated for use in uplink communications as in downlink communications.
  • Such symmetry is not, however, a requirement for operation of a wireless data communications network.
  • the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has defined an asymmetric frequency assignment comprising three 12.5 kHz frequencies on the downlink and one 12.5 kHz frequency on the uplink.
  • the pACT ⁇ '97 system design is premised around the use of seven symmetric full duplex channel pairs (with twelve level re-use) which is not supported the NPCS asymmetric frequency assignment design.
  • a direct application of the pACT ⁇ '97 system design to the NPCS asymmetric frequency assignment design would require that the pACT ⁇ '97 system twelve level re-use plan be applied to both the uplink and the downlink.
  • the present invention provides for a puncturing of a multiple access communications channel.
  • the puncturing comprises a randomly selected time period during which all users are restricted from accessing the communications channel.
  • This puncturing time period acts as a restriction to communications channel access in addition to any other restrictions implicated by use of a particular multiple access protocol.
  • a given multiple access communications protocol includes a flag which is indicative not only of the busy or reserved condition of the communications channel to thus restrict use of the channel to one particular user, but also of the activation of the puncturing time period which prohibits use of the channel by all users.
  • a control flag on a forward channel is set not only when a reverse channel is busy with the communications of another user, but also when the reverse channel is closed to all user communications.
  • the control flag on the forward channel is set not only when the reverse channel has been reserved for the communications of another user, but also when the reverse channel is closed to all user communications.
  • the present invention is primarily directed to communications systems supporting packet data services. It may, however, be extended to any communications system where short delays to message transmission are of no or little consequence to end users. Furthermore, although not generally applicable to voice/telephony communications services and systems due to their sensitivity to time delays, the present invention may be extended to such systems when appropriate.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cell diagram schematically illustrating an exemplary frequency plan assignment within a frequency re-use cellular telephone system
  • FIGURE 2 is a graph illustrating a channel puncturing procedure in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGURE 3 is a state transition diagram for base station operation to effectuate the channel puncturing procedure in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGURE 4 is a forward/reverse channel timing diagram for a carrier sense multiple access type contention protocol which supports reverse channel puncturing;
  • FIGURE 5 is a forward channel timing diagram for a packet reservation multiple access type contention protocol which supports reverse channel puncturing.
  • a wireless network can cover a large geographic region, and in many instances there will be a need for a large number of cells. Often times, the number of cells needed exceeds the number of cells provided by dividing the available frequencies amongst the cells in such a manner as to handle expected subscriber usage per cell. In such a case there are simply not enough frequencies in the cellular frequency band for unique assignment to the included cells. In order then to provide sufficient call handling capacity throughout the service area, the cells are grouped into clusters of cells and the frequencies in the cellular frequency band are divided amongst and re-used in each of the clusters in accordance with a certain frequency assignment plan.
  • FIGURE 1 wherein there is illustrated an exemplary cell structure and frequency plan assignment for use in a wireless (cellular) data communications network.
  • An arbitrary geographic region (hereinafter “the service area") is divided into a plurality of contiguous cells 10 schematically represented by hexagons.
  • the cells 10 are then grouped into clusters 12 (outlined in bold to ease recognition).
  • clusters 12 For example, in a conventional seven layer frequency plan such as that illustrated in FIGURE 1, each cluster 12 includes seven cells 10(1)- 10(7). It will, of course, be understood that each cluster 12 may have more or less cells 10 as required by the selected frequency re-use plan.
  • the available frequencies in the cellular frequency band are divided in accordance with the frequency re-use plan into frequency groups, with the frequency groups assigned amongst the cells 10 of each cluster 12 such that the radio frequencies of the cellular band are re-used in each cluster.
  • the frequency groups assigned amongst the cells 10 of each cluster 12 such that the radio frequencies of the cellular band are re-used in each cluster.
  • each cell 10(1) in the service area is assigned the use of at least one radio frequency of the cellular band in frequency group A
  • each cell 10(2) is assigned use of at least one radio frequency of the cellular band in frequency group B
  • each cell 10(7) being assigned use of at least one radio frequency of the cellular band in frequency group G.
  • adjacent cells are typically not assigned use of the same frequency.
  • Re-use of an identical frequency in the service area is preferably made with a separation of at least more than one cell 10 (i.e., in a different cluster 12) along with a regulation of broadcast power from each cell to constrain radio propagation substantially within the cell area.
  • Adjacent frequencies are preferably assigned no closer than one cell 10 away from each other.
  • Each of the cells 10 in a cellular telephone system such as that illustrated in FIGURE 1 includes at least one base station (BS) 18 configured to facilitate radio frequency communications with mobile stations 20 moving throughout the service area.
  • the base stations 18 are illustrated as being positioned at or near the center of each of the cells 10. However, depending on geography and other known factors, the base stations 18 may instead be positioned at or near the periphery of, or otherwise away from the centers of, each of the cells 10. In such instances, the base stations 18 may broadcast and communicate with mobile stations 20 located within the cells 10 using directional rather than omni-directional antennas.
  • the base stations 18 are connected by communications links (generally shown by arrow 16) to at least one mobile date intermediate system (MDIS) or data router 22 operating to control the operation of the system for providing cellular communications with the mobile stations 20.
  • MDIS mobile date intermediate system
  • Each base station 18 includes at least one transceiver (not shown) capable of operating independently on different radio frequencies of the particular group A-G assigned to the cell. Operation of the router 22 and base stations 18 to provide wireless (cellular) data communications service is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described.
  • the routers 22 provide connectivity through the base stations and between the mobile stations 20 and some fixed infrastructure network 26 (such as the Internet).
  • the selected frequency re-use plan may support either symmetric or asymmetric frequency assignments to the groups A-G.
  • each downlink frequency channel assigned has a corresponding uplink frequency channel.
  • Examples of wireless data communications networks implementing symmetric frequency assignment are the cellular digital packet data
  • CDPD compact disc data communications
  • AT&T pACT ⁇ '97 system AT&T pACT ⁇ '97 system.
  • asymmetric frequency assignment on the other hand, the one-to-one correspondence between downlink and uplink frequency channels is broken. Accordingly, there may exist plural downlink frequency channels assigned to correspond with only a single uplink frequency channel.
  • An example of a wireless data communications network implementing an asymmetric frequency assignment is the narrowband personal communications service (NPCS).
  • NPCS narrowband personal communications service
  • the downlink is, ordinarily, permanently "keyed". By this it is meant that the carrier is active and a broadcast is being made at all times, even when the data stream contains no information intended for reception by a mobile station 20. Because of the constant broadcast, an increased risk of unacceptable levels of interference with frequency re-use arises. Accordingly, a multi-level time/frequency re-use plan is implemented on the downlink. For symmetric frequency assignment the same multi-level plan is then implemented on the uplink. For asymmetric frequency assignment, on the other hand, similar level uplink frequency/time assignment is not preferred as it may require unacceptable time division re-use to be applied against the downlink resulting in a significant amount of lost channel capacity and increased latency of transmitted communications.
  • uplink transmissions are naturally bursty in character, and thus a continuous channel for transmission is not required.
  • the uplink is less susceptible to unacceptable levels of interference than the keyed downlink. Consequently, a lower level time/frequency reuse plan may be implemented on the uplink than on the downlink. This is particularly helpful with respect to communications systems implementing an asymmetric frequency assignment as a more efficient, lower level, time/frequency re-use plan may be successfully used with the single frequency uplink than with the multi-frequency downlink.
  • interference concerns dictate the use of a twelve level frequency/time re-use plan on the downlink.
  • this selection would require a corresponding twelve level frequency/time re-use plan on the uplink.
  • the uplink includes only a single frequency channel, the application of a twelve level re-use plan requires 12x time re-use.
  • the use of corresponding 12x time re-use on the downlink is highly undesirable because the downlink only requires a 4x time re-use (in combination with 3x frequency re-use) to achieve twelve levels.
  • the present invention further implements channel puncturing on the uplink.
  • Channel puncturing marks a specific logical channel on the uplink as busy or reserved for a specific duration of time within a known time window.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a graph 100 illustrating a channel puncturing procedure in accordance with the present invention.
  • the y-axis 102 of the graph 100 references the frequency domain, while the x-axis 104 references the time domain.
  • the frequency domain and in accordance with the
  • NPCS wireless data communications network implementing an asymmetric frequency assignment
  • three downlink frequency channels 106 and one uplink frequency channel 108 are illustrated.
  • each of the three downlink frequency channels 106 is partitioned into four repeating time slots 110 (only one completely shown).
  • the single uplink frequency channel 108 also implements 4x time re-use, and is similarly partitioned into four repeating time slots 112 (also only one completely shown). With respect to each time slot 112 on the single uplink frequency channel 108, it is further partitioned into a plurality of channel puncturing windows 114.
  • the single uplink frequency channel 108 may be marked as busy or reserved at a puncturing time 116 lasting for a specific duration of time that is either commensurate with a single mobile station transmission or of a randomly selected length bounded by an upper and lower limit. This is illustrated in FIGURE 2 as the positioning of the puncture time 116 within the various windows 116 and with respect to a boundary 118 of each window differs from window to window.
  • the position of the puncturing time 116 in corresponding windows of reused uplink frequency channels differs (i.e., cell to cell differentiation) due to the effects of the random selection process implemented at each base station.
  • the selection of a random location (window to window, and cell to cell) for puncturing is made to ensure that average interference experienced in all cells is reduced and permanent pockets of unacceptable interference do not occur. This approach further minimizes message latency because the worst case transmission delay is the length of a communications transmission, rather than the delay resulting from a 12x time re-use.
  • 114 and duration of time 116 are determined and set by the network service provider. In geographic regions that are subject to high propagation attenuation constants, a longer window 114 with relatively shorter durations of time 116 may be selected. For regions with higher instances of interference, longer durations of time 116 within relatively shorter windows 114 may be selected. In any case, however, by selecting an appropriate duty cycle defined by the sizes of the channel puncturing window 114 and duration of time 116, the network service provider may effectively engineer any level of re-use that is needed (for example, to lower and match re-use on another corresponding frequency channel).
  • FIGURE 3 wherein there is shown a state transition diagram for base station operation to effectuate the channel puncturing procedure in accordance with the present invention.
  • the base station normally operates in a normal protocol operation state 200. While in the state 200, the conventional procedures are followed for marking the uplink as busy or reserved in accordance with the implemented multiple access protocol. Furthermore, in this state 200 uplink reservation requests for pending service are handled in accordance with a maintained queue. The base station remains in state 200 until a randomly set channel puncturing timer (Tl) started at the boundary of the channel puncturing window (114, see FIGURE 2) expires. If the uplink is not then being utilized, the base station transitions 210 to a puncture channel state 202. If, on the other hand, the base station is being utilized, or if one or more uplink reservation requests are queued for pending service, the base station transitions 212 to a defer channel puncture state 204.
  • Tl channel puncturing timer
  • the base station Upon entry into the puncture channel state 202, the base station sets a timer (T2) for the duration of time (puncturing time 116, see FIGURE 2) for channel puncturing, and marks the uplink as being busy or reserved in order to prevent mobile station transmissions from occurring.
  • the timer (T2) may measure either a predetermined time period for puncturing duration, or a randomly selected time period bounded by upper and lower limits.
  • the base station transitions 214 back to the normal protocol operation state 200.
  • the base station Upon entry into the defer channel puncture state 204, the base station waits for a current service connection on the uplink to be completed. Any other uplink reservation requests queued for pending service are then stored (S), and the base station transitions 216 to the puncture channel state 202.
  • the channel puncturing procedure of the present invention may advantageously be implemented in connection with many existing packet data systems regardless of the access protocol being implemented on the uplink.
  • the reason for this is that many of the access protocols include a mechanism for transmitting a busy or a reservation flag. In accordance then with the present invention, this flag is sent not only when the busy or reserved condition is satisfied, but also when a transition is made to the puncture channel state 202 and the uplink is closed for all mobile station initiated transmissions.
  • packet data multiple access protocols fall into two categories: contention protocols (such as carrier sense multiple access ⁇ CSMA); and packet reservation protocols (such as packet reservation multiple access — PRMA). Contention protocols usually provide a small contention window in which access is permitted.
  • Packet reservation protocols perform bandwidth management in one instance by polling for mobile stations who wish access to the reverse channel, and then dedicating the channel to the responding mobile station. In another instance the protocol provides a small contention window in which reservation requests are transmitted by mobile stations, with the reverse channel being dedicated for use by the mobile station whose reservation request is approved.
  • Each of these protocols employ control flags that are broadcast on the forward (i.e., downlink) channel to inform mobile stations of the status of the reverse (i.e., uplink) channel.
  • the present invention advantageously utilizes these flags not only to convey information regarding whether the reverse channel is busy or is reserved for use of a certain mobile station, but also to indicate a randomly selected puncture time during which transmissions from all receiving mobile stations are prohibited.
  • FIGURE 4 wherein there is shown a forward/reverse channel timing diagram for a carrier sense multiple access type contention protocol.
  • the forward channel 300 transmission includes control flags 302 transmitted at regular intervals. These control flags 302 delineate the reverse channel 304 (which also includes control flags 303) into a plurality of reverse channel collision windows 306. A mobile station is permitted to initially transmit in any of the reverse channel collision windows 306 provided the preceding forward channel control flag 302 indicates that the channel is idle. Furthermore, the mobile station may set the reverse channel control flag 303 to busy (as indicated by an "X") to indicate that the message cannot be broadcast within a single collision window 306.
  • Any transmission 307 by the mobile station in an idle collision window 306 must end before the next forward channel control flag 302 transmission such that the base station may set the next forward channel control flag 302 to busy (as indicated by an "X"), and thus allow the mobile station to continue message transmission during the subsequent collision window 306.
  • the forward channel control flag 302 is set not only when the reverse channel 304 is busy, but also on a random basis as determined by the expiration of the channel puncturing timer Tl (see FIGURE 3) to indicate the start of a channel puncturing event during which no receiving mobile stations may access the reverse channel. For the predetermined or random duration of the channel puncturing event, as measured by the timer T2 (see FIGURE 3), the forward channel control flag 302 remains set.
  • FIGURE 5 wherein there is shown a forward channel timing diagram for a packet reservation multiple access type contention protocol.
  • the forward channel 400 transmission includes synchronization words 402 transmitted at regular intervals to define a superframe 404.
  • Each superframe 404 includes a polling interval 406 and a reservation/data interval 408.
  • the forward channel 400 transmission further includes reservation flags 410 transmitted at regular intervals during the reservation/data interval 408.
  • a mobile station may make a transmission on the reverse channel (not shown) announcing that it has outstanding data packets to deliver and requesting reservation of the reverse channel. If the base station receives the request and grants access, the reservation flag 410 is set (as indicated by the "X"), and the mobile station is given access, without competition by other mobile stations, to the reverse channel for message transmission during data periods 412 of the reservation/data interval 408 following set flags 410.
  • the reservation flag 410 is set not only when the reverse channel has been reserved for mobile station use, but also on a random basis as determined by the expiration of the channel puncturing timer Tl (see FIGURE 3) to indicate the start of a channel puncturing event during which no receiving mobile stations may access the reverse channel. For the predetermined or random duration of the channel puncturing event, as measured by the timer T2 (see
  • the reservation flag 410 remains set.
  • channel puncturing By using the channel puncturing procedure of the present invention, a channel which would require a relatively high level of re-use (such as twelve level frequency/time re-use) in order to provide acceptable interference levels, may instead be implemented with a lower level of re-use (such as four level frequency/time re-use) due to the advantageous interference lowering qualities of channel puncturing.
  • channel pimcturing would allow a lower level time division scheme to be implemented when a communications protocol designed for a symmetric frequency assignment design is utilized by a wireless data communications network having an asymmetric frequency assignment design.
  • channel puncturing allows the asymmetric frequency assignment design of the NPCS system to support the narrowband two-way paging and messaging protocol of the p ACT-' 97 system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un canal de communication (108) à accès multiple 'perforée' (116) à certains moments sélectionnés aléatoirement pour réduire les interférences à l'échelle du système. Pendant les temps de 'perforation' tous les utilisateurs ont un accès restreint au canal de communication. Une telle perforation s'ajoute aux autres restrictions figurant dans différents protocoles d'accès multiples particuliers. On pose un drapeau de contrôle (302) sur un canal aller (300) non seulement lorsque le canal retour (304) est occupé ou réservé aux communications d'un autre usager, mais également lorsque qu'il est fermé par 'perforation' à toutes les communications des usagers.
PCT/SE1998/001406 1997-08-08 1998-07-21 Perforation d'un canal ascendant pour reduire les interferences dans un reseau de transmission de donnees Ceased WO1999008464A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU83717/98A AU8371798A (en) 1997-08-08 1998-07-21 Uplink channel puncturing for reduced interference within a wireless data communications network

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/907,517 1997-08-08
US08/907,517 US6134231A (en) 1997-08-08 1997-08-08 Uplink channel puncturing for reduced interference within a wireless data communications network

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AU (1) AU8371798A (fr)
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