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WO1999008368A1 - Reluctance motor, especially a linear reluctance motor - Google Patents

Reluctance motor, especially a linear reluctance motor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999008368A1
WO1999008368A1 PCT/EP1998/004853 EP9804853W WO9908368A1 WO 1999008368 A1 WO1999008368 A1 WO 1999008368A1 EP 9804853 W EP9804853 W EP 9804853W WO 9908368 A1 WO9908368 A1 WO 9908368A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
reluctance motor
air gap
rotor
motor according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1998/004853
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas GRÜNDL
Bernhard Hoffmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gruendl und Hoffmann GmbH Gesellschaft fuer Elektrotechnische Entwicklungen
Original Assignee
Gruendl und Hoffmann GmbH Gesellschaft fuer Elektrotechnische Entwicklungen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gruendl und Hoffmann GmbH Gesellschaft fuer Elektrotechnische Entwicklungen filed Critical Gruendl und Hoffmann GmbH Gesellschaft fuer Elektrotechnische Entwicklungen
Priority to EP98943836A priority Critical patent/EP1002359A1/en
Priority to JP2000506715A priority patent/JP2001512958A/en
Publication of WO1999008368A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999008368A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors

Definitions

  • Reluctance motor especially linear reluctance motor
  • the present invention relates to a reluctance motor, in particular a linear reluctance motor with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the arrangement of a linear reluctance motor known from EP 0 783 202 A1 has an annular stator with star-shaped slots in which an oppositely shaped rotor is slidably arranged. However, the width of the air gap in the axial direction is constant in this arrangement.
  • stator winding is designed as a hollow cylindrical winding which surrounds the stator only on its outer surface.
  • each individual pole piece is surrounded by a magnetic coil.
  • the magnetic circuits are arranged in radial planes and carry ring-shaped windings which are staggered in the axial direction and are connected to a multi-phase AC power source such that a magnetic traveling field in the axial direction of the motor is in the air gaps is produced.
  • the present invention is based on the object of creating a reluctance motor, in particular a linear reluctance motor, in which the Power density is high, has a minimized iron yoke, and the moving mass of the rotor is small.
  • Reluctance motor with the characteristics of the characteristic. Part of claim 1 equipped.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that no iron yoke is required at all, since the ring shape of the stator allows the stator to be completely surrounded by the stator winding.
  • the maximum current through the stator winding can be determined by dimensioning the air gap. Since the rotor bars engaging in the relatively narrow air gap must have space in this air gap, their volume and mass are also very limited. This leads to a low inertia of the rotor, so that high rotor speeds and rotor accelerations can be achieved.
  • the annular stator has an essentially circular-cylindrical or hollow-conical or polygonal-ring shape.
  • a toroidal shape or another shape is also possible, in which an annular body is formed, around which the stator winding can be wound in a helical manner.
  • the annular stator preferably has a plurality of air gaps which are arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction of the stator. This ensures an even introduction of force into the stator.
  • Each of the air gaps penetrates the annular stator at least partially in the radial and axial directions. This opens up the possibility of handling the ring body of the stator as a one-piece component, for example if the Air gap does not quite reach the outer surface of the ring body, so that a closed outer surface of the ring body remains. In a corresponding manner, the base of the air gap cannot reach all the way to the end face of the ring body. This also limits the axial stroke of the rotor web in the air gap.
  • the varying width of the air gaps is preferably realized in that each of the air gaps has lateral, groove-shaped grooves arranged in parallel in the radial direction
  • the grid width of the slots or the ridges between them influences the maximum current density in the stator winding.
  • the finer the grid the smaller the maximum adjustable air gap, and thus the maximum current density in the stator winding.
  • the force exerted on the rotor by the magnetic field in the air gap is also influenced by the (total) length of the grooves or their edges. The greater the length of the edges, the higher the force exerted on the runner.
  • the grooves can have a triangular or polygonal cross-sectional shape.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the grooves is preferably square (rectangular).
  • Each of the rotor webs has recesses which are arranged in a substantially the same grid as the width variation of the air gaps in the rotor webs.
  • the length of the grid determines the minimum axial resolution of the movement of the rotor.
  • the rotor webs are positioned in the air gap in the axial direction so that the recesses are offset by half the grid length from the grooves in the air gap.
  • the oh's losses in the stator winding decrease with the square of the decreasing grid length.
  • the recesses in the rotor webs are preferably arranged parallel to the grooves in the air gap in the annular stator.
  • all rotor webs are arranged with a shaft arranged inside the annular stator and displaceable coaxially to the central axis of the stator. This shaft then forms together with the runner webs of the runner.
  • the central recess in the annular stator can then be kept very small.
  • all rotor webs are formed by meandering sheet metal strips which are connected to the shaft.
  • the annular stator is preferably formed by layered sheet metal strips, pressed iron powder layers, or by a solid iron body or the like.
  • the choice of material primarily depends on the maximum speed at which the runner should move. At high speeds, the losses in a massive iron core increase.
  • the stator winding of the annular stator has two printed circuit boards, which are each arranged on an end face of the stator and are provided with conductor strips which, together with conductor sections arranged next to the inner or outer lateral surface of the annular stator, the stator winding form. This allows very simple assembly. If the printed circuit boards are designed in multi-layer technology, multi-layer stator windings can also be realized.
  • the conductor strips each have a radially widening shape, the current density towards the outer circumferential surface of the ring-shaped stator body can become lower and the current density towards the inner one
  • a plurality of ring-shaped stators are arranged coaxially one above the other and all the rotor webs engaging in the air gaps of the individual stators are arranged on a common shaft.
  • the individual stators or the respective rotor webs are offset in their axial arrangement in accordance with the phase position of the operating current.
  • the respective stator windings of the individual stators are supplied with alternating current with a phase shift.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a reluctance linear motor according to the invention without a stator winding.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the
  • Stator body of the reluctance linear motor according to FIG. 1 with a partially shown stator winding.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective detailed view of the air gap in the stator body of the reluctance linear motor according to FIG. 1 with a rotor web arranged in the air gap.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic plan view of a circuit board for forming the stator winding.
  • the linear reluctance motor 10 shown in FIG. 1 has an essentially circular-cylindrical stator 12 which has four air gaps 14a, 14b, 14c, and 14d arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction. Each of the four air gaps 14 a - 14 d completely penetrates the annular stator 12 in the radial and axial directions.
  • the circular-cylindrical stator 12 is thus divided into four quarter-circular segments by the four air gaps.
  • the stator 12 can also have a regular polygon shape (three, four, or polygonal ring).
  • the stator is formed by layered sheet metal strips made of transformer sheet.
  • a shaft 16 is arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable coaxially to the central longitudinal axis of the stator 12, on which four radially projecting rotor webs 18a, 18b, 18c, and 18d are arranged.
  • the four Rotor webs 18a-18d are aligned and dimensioned such that they are slidably arranged in one of the air gaps 14a-14d parallel to the central axis of the stator 12.
  • Each of the rotor webs 18a-18d has recesses 22 which are open towards the radially outer end and which are arranged in an essentially identical grid to the width variation of the air gaps in the rotor webs. For reasons of stability, the recesses 22 can also be closed toward the radially outer end.
  • the rotor bars are formed by sheet metal strips that are meandering and are connected to the shaft.
  • Each of the air gaps 14a-14d has groove-shaped recesses 20 arranged in parallel in the radial direction on both sides, so that the width of the air gap varies in its axial extent (relative to the central longitudinal axis of the stator).
  • the grooves 20 in the air gaps 14a-14d are arranged parallel to the recesses 22 in the rotor webs 18a-18d in the annular stator 12 (see also FIG. 3).
  • the free path length between the wall of each air gap and the rotor web arranged in the respective air gap is small (approximately 5-25%) compared to the grid length R (see FIG. 3) of the grooves in the wall of the air gap.
  • the stator winding 30 is guided around the stator 12 in such a way that, with constant electric current through the stator winding, a magnetic field induced in each air gap 14a-14d differs from the axial position of the stator winding
  • stator winding is placed helically around the stator body along the entire circumference of the annular stator 12, so that the stator body is completely (both inner and outer jacket surfaces 32, 34 and also upper and lower end faces 36, 38) are surrounded by the stator winding 30 (see FIG. 2).
  • stator winding it is not necessary for the stator winding to surround the stator along its entire circumference.
  • the stator winding 30 has two circuit boards 40 (one of which is illustrated in FIG. 4), which are each arranged on an end face 36, 38 of the stator 12, and are provided with conductor strips 42, which together with the inner or outer lateral surface 32, 34 of the annular stator 12 arranged conductor sections 46, 48 form the stator winding 30.
  • the inner and outer conductor sections 46, 48 which stand out of the two printed circuit boards 40, do not extend exactly perpendicularly out of the respective conductor strips 42. Rather, they are inserted at an angle, such that a conductor section connects a conductor strip on the lower circuit board with a conductor strip on the upper circuit board offset by one in the circumferential direction.
  • the conductor strips 42 each have a shape that widens in the radial direction.
  • the linear reluctance motor is single phase.
  • the runner stroke is limited to a grid length R (see FIG. 3) during operation.
  • a larger stroke than the grid dimension R is possible in principle, but it results in a fluctuating force curve, since the rotor has to be moved out of the dead area.
  • a plurality of ring-shaped stators are arranged coaxially one above the other, with all rotor webs engaging in the air gaps of the individual stators being arranged on a common shaft.
  • the respective stator windings of the individual stators are fed with alternating current with a phase shift.
  • the individual stators or the individual rotors assigned to them are in the axial direction corresponding to the phase position of the operating current transferred.
  • three single-phase stators can be arranged on top of one another, the windings of which are supplied with three-phase current.
  • the rotor then moves up or down depending on the direction of rotation of the phases along the central axis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)

Abstract

A reluctance motor has an annular stator with at least one air gap, and a rotor segment which is arranged in said air gap, parallel to the central axis of the stator, in such that it can move. According to the invention, the breadth of the air gap varies in the axial direction of the same. The inventive reluctance motor also comprises a stator winding, said stator winding being guided around the stator in such a way that when there is a constant electrical current through the stator winding, a magnetic field induced in the air gap presents a magnetic flux distribution which is dependent on the axial position of the rotor segment.

Description

Reluktanzmotor, insbesondere Linear-ReluktanzmotorReluctance motor, especially linear reluctance motor

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Reluktanzmotor, insbesondere einen Linear-Reluktanzmotor mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegiffs des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a reluctance motor, in particular a linear reluctance motor with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Die aus der EP 0 783 202 AI bekannte Anordnung eines Linear- Reluktanzmotors hat einen ringförmigen Stator mit sternförmigen Schlitzen in denen ein gegengleich geformter Läufer verschiebbar angeordnet ist. Hierbei ist jedoch die Breite des Luftspaltes in axialer Richtung bei dieser Anordnung konstant.The arrangement of a linear reluctance motor known from EP 0 783 202 A1 has an annular stator with star-shaped slots in which an oppositely shaped rotor is slidably arranged. However, the width of the air gap in the axial direction is constant in this arrangement.

Die Statorwicklung ist bei dieser bekannten Anordnung als hohlzylindrische Wicklung ausgeführt, welche den Stator nur an dessen Außenmantelfläche umgibt.In this known arrangement, the stator winding is designed as a hollow cylindrical winding which surrounds the stator only on its outer surface.

Bei dem aus der DE 34 25 266 AI bekannten Schrittmotor ist jeder einzelne Polschuh von einer Magnetspule umgeben.In the stepper motor known from DE 34 25 266 AI, each individual pole piece is surrounded by a magnetic coil.

Bei der aus der DE-OS 19 55 829 bekannten Anordnung sind die magnetischen Kreise in Radialebenen angeordnet und tragen ringförmige Wicklungen, die in der Axialrichtung gestaffelt und so mit einer mehrphasigen Wechselstromquelle verbunden sind, daß in den Luftspalten ein magnetisches Wanderfeld in der Axialrichtung des Motors erzeugt wird.In the arrangement known from DE-OS 19 55 829, the magnetic circuits are arranged in radial planes and carry ring-shaped windings which are staggered in the axial direction and are connected to a multi-phase AC power source such that a magnetic traveling field in the axial direction of the motor is in the air gaps is produced.

Probleme mit bekannten Reluktanzmotoren bestehen darin, daß es ihre Leistungsdichte gering ist im Vergleich zu anderen Motortypen, daß der Eisen-Rückschluß Gewicht und Volumen erfordert, und daß die bewegten Massen des Läufers relativ hoch sind.Problems with known reluctance motors are that their power density is low compared to other types of motor, that the iron yoke requires weight and volume, and that the moving masses of the rotor are relatively high.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt angesichts dieser Probleme die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Reluktanzmotor, insbesondere einen Linear-Reluktanzmotor zu schaffen, bei dem die Leistungsdichte hoch ist, der einen minimierten Eisen-Rückschluß aufweist, und dessen bewegte Masse des Läufers gering ist.In view of these problems, the present invention is based on the object of creating a reluctance motor, in particular a linear reluctance motor, in which the Power density is high, has a minimized iron yoke, and the moving mass of the rotor is small.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist der erfindungsgemäßeTo solve this problem is the invention

Reluktanzmotor mit den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden . Teils des Anspruchs 1 ausgestattet.Reluctance motor with the characteristics of the characteristic. Part of claim 1 equipped.

Diese Anordnung hat den Vorteil, daß überhaupt kein Eisen- Rückschluß erforderlich ist, da die Ringform des Stators ein vollständiges Umgeben des Stators mit der Statorwicklung erlaubt. Außerdem kann durch die Dimensionierung des Luftspaltes der maximale Strom durch die Statorwicklung festgelegt werden. Da die in den relativ schmalen Luftspalt eingreifenden Läuferstege in diesem Luftspalt Platz haben müssen, ist auch deren Volumen und Masse sehr begrenzt. Dies führt zu einer geringen Trägheit des Läufers, so daß hohe Läufer-Geschwindigkeiten und Läufer-Beschleunigungen erreichbar sind.This arrangement has the advantage that no iron yoke is required at all, since the ring shape of the stator allows the stator to be completely surrounded by the stator winding. In addition, the maximum current through the stator winding can be determined by dimensioning the air gap. Since the rotor bars engaging in the relatively narrow air gap must have space in this air gap, their volume and mass are also very limited. This leads to a low inertia of the rotor, so that high rotor speeds and rotor accelerations can be achieved.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung hat der ringförmige Stator eine im wesentlichen kreisringzylindrische oder hohlkegelförmige oder polygonringförmige Gestalt. Grundsätzlich ist auch eine Torusform, oder eine andere Gestalt möglich, bei der ein Ringkörper gebildet wird, um den die Statorwicklung (ring-) schraubenförmig gewickelt werden kann.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the annular stator has an essentially circular-cylindrical or hollow-conical or polygonal-ring shape. In principle, a toroidal shape or another shape is also possible, in which an annular body is formed, around which the stator winding can be wound in a helical manner.

Vorzugsweise weist der ringförmige Stator mehrere Luftspalte auf, die in Umfangsrichtung des Stators symmetrisch angeordnet sind. Damit wird eine gleichmäßige Krafteinleitung in den Stator bewirkt.The annular stator preferably has a plurality of air gaps which are arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction of the stator. This ensures an even introduction of force into the stator.

Jeder der Luftspalte durchsetzt den ringförmigen Stator in radialer und axialer Richtung zumindest teilweise. Damit wird die Möglichkeit eröffnet, den Ringkörper des Stators als ein einstückiges Bauteil zu handhaben, wenn zum Beispiel der Luftspalt nicht ganz bis an die äußere Mantelfläche des Ringkörpers heranreicht, so daß eine geschlossene äußere Mantelfläche des Ringkörper verbleibt. In entsprechender Weise kann auch der Grund des Luftspaltes nicht ganz bis zur Stirnfläche des Ringkörpers heranreichen. Dies begrenzt auch den axialen Hub des Läufersteges in dem Luftspalt.Each of the air gaps penetrates the annular stator at least partially in the radial and axial directions. This opens up the possibility of handling the ring body of the stator as a one-piece component, for example if the Air gap does not quite reach the outer surface of the ring body, so that a closed outer surface of the ring body remains. In a corresponding manner, the base of the air gap cannot reach all the way to the end face of the ring body. This also limits the axial stroke of the rotor web in the air gap.

Die variierende Breite der Luftstpalte wird vorzugsweise dadurch realisiert, daß jeder der Luftspalte seitliche, in radialer Richtung parallel angeordnete nutförmigeThe varying width of the air gaps is preferably realized in that each of the air gaps has lateral, groove-shaped grooves arranged in parallel in the radial direction

Ausnehmungen aufweist. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß die Rasterbreite der Nuten bzw. der dazwischenliegenden Stege die maximale Stromdichte in der Statorwicklung beeinflußt. Je feiner die Rasterung ist, desto geringer ist der maximal einstellbare Luftspalt, und damit die maximale Stromdichte in der Statorwicklung. Dabei wird auch durch die (aufsummierte) Länge der Nuten bzw. deren Kanten die auf den Läufer durch das magnetische Feld in dem Luftspalt ausgeübte Kraft beeinflußt. Je größer die Länge der Kanten ist, desto höher ist die auf den Läufer ausgeübte Kraft. Dabei können die Nuten eine drei- oder mehr-eckige Querschnittsgestalt aufweisen. Vorzugsweise ist die Querschnittsgestalt der Nuten viereckig (rechteckig) .Has recesses. It should be noted that the grid width of the slots or the ridges between them influences the maximum current density in the stator winding. The finer the grid, the smaller the maximum adjustable air gap, and thus the maximum current density in the stator winding. The force exerted on the rotor by the magnetic field in the air gap is also influenced by the (total) length of the grooves or their edges. The greater the length of the edges, the higher the force exerted on the runner. The grooves can have a triangular or polygonal cross-sectional shape. The cross-sectional shape of the grooves is preferably square (rectangular).

Jeder der Läuferstege weist Ausnehmungen auf, die in einem im wesentlichen gleichen Raster wie die Breitenvariierung der Luftspalte in den Läuferstegen angeordnet sind. Die Länge des Rasters bestimmt die minimale axiale Auflösung der Bewegung des Läufers. Zum Betrieb des Reluktanzmotors werden in der Ruhestellung die Läuferstege in dem Luftspalt in axialer Richtung so positioniert, daß die Ausnehmungen auf halbe Rasterlänge versetzt zu den Nuten in dem Luftspalt stehen. Außerdem nehmen die oh schen Verluste in der Statorwicklung mit dem Quadrat der kleiner werdenden Rasterlänge ab. Vorzugsweise sind die Ausnehmungen in den Läuferstegen parallel zu den Nuten in dem Luftspalt in dem ringförmigen Stator angeordnet.Each of the rotor webs has recesses which are arranged in a substantially the same grid as the width variation of the air gaps in the rotor webs. The length of the grid determines the minimum axial resolution of the movement of the rotor. To operate the reluctance motor, in the rest position, the rotor webs are positioned in the air gap in the axial direction so that the recesses are offset by half the grid length from the grooves in the air gap. In addition, the oh's losses in the stator winding decrease with the square of the decreasing grid length. The recesses in the rotor webs are preferably arranged parallel to the grooves in the air gap in the annular stator.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Reluktanzmotors sind alle Läuferstege mit einem im Innern des kreisringförmigen Stators angeordneten, koaxial zur Mittelachse des Stators verschiebbaren Schaft angeordnet. Dieser Schaft bildet dann zusammen mit den Läuferstegen des Läufer. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Läuferstege ohne einen zentralen Schaft in der Mitte miteinander zu verbinden. Dies hat zur Folge, daß die Masse des Läufers noch weiter reduziert ist. Außerdem kann dann die Mittel-Ausnehmung in dem ringförmigen Stator sehr klein gehalten werden.In a preferred embodiment of the reluctance motor, all rotor webs are arranged with a shaft arranged inside the annular stator and displaceable coaxially to the central axis of the stator. This shaft then forms together with the runner webs of the runner. However, it is also possible to connect the rotor bars without a central shaft in the middle. As a result, the mass of the rotor is reduced even further. In addition, the central recess in the annular stator can then be kept very small.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Reluktanzmotors (mit Läufer-Schaft) sind alle Läuferstege durch mäanderförmig geschichtete Blechstreifen gebildet, die mit dem Schaft verbunden sind.In a preferred embodiment of the reluctance motor (with rotor shaft), all rotor webs are formed by meandering sheet metal strips which are connected to the shaft.

Vorzugsweise ist der ringförmige Stator durch geschichtete Blechstreifen, gepreßte Eisenpulver-Lagen, oder durch einen massiven Eisenkörper oder dergl. gebildet. In erster Linie hängt die Wahl der Materials von der maximalen Geschwindigkeit ab, mit der sich der Läufer bewegen soll. Bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten nehmen die Verluste in einem massiven Eisenkern zu.The annular stator is preferably formed by layered sheet metal strips, pressed iron powder layers, or by a solid iron body or the like. The choice of material primarily depends on the maximum speed at which the runner should move. At high speeds, the losses in a massive iron core increase.

Die freie Weglänge zwischen der Wandung jedes Luftspaltes und dem in dem jeweiligen Luftspalt angeordneten Läufersteg ist möglichst klein gegenüber dem Raster der Nuten in der Wandung des Luftspaltes. Damit wird der magnetische Fluß in der freien Weglänge möglichst homogen, was die Verluste gering hält. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Reluktanzmotors weist die Statorwicklung des ringförmigen Stators zwei Leiterplatten auf, die jeweils an einer Stirnfläche des Stators angeordnet sind, und mit Leiterstreifen versehen sind, die zusammen mit neben der inneren bzw. äußeren Mantelfläche des ringförmigen Stators angeordneten Leiterabschnitten die Statorwicklung bilden. Dies erlaubt eine sehr einfache Montage. Wenn die Leiterplatten im Mehrlagentechnik gestaltet sind, können auch mehrlagige Statorwicklungen realisiert werden.The free path length between the wall of each air gap and the rotor web arranged in the respective air gap is as small as possible compared to the grid of the grooves in the wall of the air gap. The magnetic flux is thus as homogeneous as possible in the free path length, which keeps losses low. In a preferred embodiment of the reluctance motor according to the invention, the stator winding of the annular stator has two printed circuit boards, which are each arranged on an end face of the stator and are provided with conductor strips which, together with conductor sections arranged next to the inner or outer lateral surface of the annular stator, the stator winding form. This allows very simple assembly. If the printed circuit boards are designed in multi-layer technology, multi-layer stator windings can also be realized.

Wenn die Leiterstreifen jeweils eine sich radial verbreiternde Form aufweisen, kann die Stromdichte zu der äußeren Mantelfläche des ringförmigen Statorkörpers hin geringer werden und die Stromdichte zu der innerenIf the conductor strips each have a radially widening shape, the current density towards the outer circumferential surface of the ring-shaped stator body can become lower and the current density towards the inner one

Mantelfläche des ringförmigen Statorkörpers hin zunehmen. Da auf diese Weise die Wicklung an der inneren Mantelfläche des Statorkörpers ein geringeres Volumen hat, kann der Querschnitt der Öffnung gering gehalten werden.Increase the outer surface of the ring-shaped stator body. Since the winding on the inner lateral surface of the stator body has a smaller volume in this way, the cross section of the opening can be kept small.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Linear-Reluktanzmotors sind mehrere ringförmige Statoren koaxial übereinander angeordnet und sind alle in die Luftspalte der einzelnen Statoren eingreifenden Läuferstege an einem gemeinsamen Schaft angeordnet. Bei dieser Ausführungsform sind die einzelnen Statoren oder die jeweiligen Läuferstege in ihrer axialen Anordnung entsprechend der Phasenlage des Betriebsstromes versetzt. Außerdem werden jeweiligen Statorwicklungen der einzelnen Statoren phasenversetzt mit Wechselstrom beschickt.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the linear reluctance motor according to the invention, a plurality of ring-shaped stators are arranged coaxially one above the other and all the rotor webs engaging in the air gaps of the individual stators are arranged on a common shaft. In this embodiment, the individual stators or the respective rotor webs are offset in their axial arrangement in accordance with the phase position of the operating current. In addition, the respective stator windings of the individual stators are supplied with alternating current with a phase shift.

Damit ist die Bewegung der Läuferstege in axialer Richtung nur durch die axiale Länge der Gesamtanordnung aus den ringförmigen Statoren bzw. die Länge der Läuferstege begrenzt. Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale, Vorteile oder mögliche Abwandlungen werden anhand der Beschreibung einer derzeit bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen erläutert.The movement of the rotor webs in the axial direction is thus only limited by the axial length of the overall arrangement comprising the ring-shaped stators or the length of the rotor webs. Further details, features, advantages or possible modifications are explained on the basis of the description of a currently preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Reluktanz-Linearmotors ohne Statorwicklung .1 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a reluctance linear motor according to the invention without a stator winding.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Draufsicht auf denFig. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the

Statorkörper des Reluktanz-Linearmotors gemäß Fig. 1, mit einer teilweise dargestellten Statorwicklung.Stator body of the reluctance linear motor according to FIG. 1, with a partially shown stator winding.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische perspektivische Detaildarstellung auf den Luftspalt in dem Statorkörper des Reluktanz-Linearmotors gemäß Fig. 1 mit einem in dem Luftspalt angeordneten Läufersteg.FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective detailed view of the air gap in the stator body of the reluctance linear motor according to FIG. 1 with a rotor web arranged in the air gap.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Leiterplatte zur Bildung der Statorwicklung.Fig. 4 shows a schematic plan view of a circuit board for forming the stator winding.

Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Linear-Reluktanzmotor 10 einen im wesentlichen kreisring-zylinderförmigen Stator 12, der vier in Umfangsrichtung symmetrisch verteilt angeordnete Luftspalte 14a, 14b, 14c, und 14d aufweist. Jeder der vier Luftspalte 14 a - 14d durchsetzt den ringförmigen Stator 12 in radialer und axialer Richtung vollständig. Damit ist der kreisring-zylin- derförmige Stator 12 durch die vier Luftspalte in vier Viertel-kreisringförmige Segmente geteilt. Abgesehen von der kreisring-zylindrischen oder einer hohlkegeligen Form kann der Stator 12 auch eine regelmäßige Polygon-Gestalt (drei-, vier-, oder mehreckiger Ring) aufweisen. Der Stator ist durch geschichtete Blechstreifen aus Trafoblech gebildet.The linear reluctance motor 10 shown in FIG. 1 has an essentially circular-cylindrical stator 12 which has four air gaps 14a, 14b, 14c, and 14d arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction. Each of the four air gaps 14 a - 14 d completely penetrates the annular stator 12 in the radial and axial directions. The circular-cylindrical stator 12 is thus divided into four quarter-circular segments by the four air gaps. Apart from the circular-cylindrical or a hollow-conical shape, the stator 12 can also have a regular polygon shape (three, four, or polygonal ring). The stator is formed by layered sheet metal strips made of transformer sheet.

Koaxial zur Mittellängsachse des Stators 12 ist ein Schaft 16 längsverschiebbar angeordnet, an dem vier radial- abstehende Läuferstege 18a, 18b, 18c, und 18d angeordnet sind. Die vier Läuferstege 18a - 18d sind so ausgerichtet und bemessen, daß sie in jeweils einem der Luftspalte 14a - 14d parallel zur Mittelachse des Stators 12 verschiebbar angeordnet sind. Jeder der Läuferstege 18a - 18d hat zum radial außenliegenden Ende hin offene Ausnehmungen 22, die in einem im wesentlichen gleichen Raster wie die Breitenvariierung der Luftspalte in den Läuferstegen angeordnet sind. Aus Stabilitätsgründen können die Ausnehmungen 22 zum radial außenliegenden Ende hin auch geschlossen sein. Die Läuferstege sind durch mäanderförmig geschichtete Blechstreifen gebildet, die mit dem Schaft verbunden sind.A shaft 16 is arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable coaxially to the central longitudinal axis of the stator 12, on which four radially projecting rotor webs 18a, 18b, 18c, and 18d are arranged. The four Rotor webs 18a-18d are aligned and dimensioned such that they are slidably arranged in one of the air gaps 14a-14d parallel to the central axis of the stator 12. Each of the rotor webs 18a-18d has recesses 22 which are open towards the radially outer end and which are arranged in an essentially identical grid to the width variation of the air gaps in the rotor webs. For reasons of stability, the recesses 22 can also be closed toward the radially outer end. The rotor bars are formed by sheet metal strips that are meandering and are connected to the shaft.

Jeder der Luftspalte 14a - 14d hat auf beiden Seiten in radialer Richtung parallel angeordnete nutförmige Ausnehmungen 20, so daß die Breite des Luftspaltes in dessen axialer Erstreckung (bezogen auf die Mittellängsachse des Stators) variiert.Each of the air gaps 14a-14d has groove-shaped recesses 20 arranged in parallel in the radial direction on both sides, so that the width of the air gap varies in its axial extent (relative to the central longitudinal axis of the stator).

Die Nuten 20 in den Luftspalten 14a - 14d sind parallel zu den Ausnehmungen 22 in den Läuferstegen 18a - 18d in dem ringförmigen Stator 12 angeordnet (siehe auch Fig. 3) . Dabei ist die freie Weglänge zwischen der Wandung jedes Luftspaltes und dem in dem jeweiligen Luftspalt angeordneten Läufersteg klein (etwa 5 - 25%) gegenüber der Rasterlänge R (siehe Fig. 3) der Nuten in der Wandung des Luftspaltes.The grooves 20 in the air gaps 14a-14d are arranged parallel to the recesses 22 in the rotor webs 18a-18d in the annular stator 12 (see also FIG. 3). The free path length between the wall of each air gap and the rotor web arranged in the respective air gap is small (approximately 5-25%) compared to the grid length R (see FIG. 3) of the grooves in the wall of the air gap.

Die Statorwicklung 30 ist derart um den Stator 12 geführt, daß bei konstantem elektrischem Strom durch die Statorwicklung ein in jedem Luftspalt 14a - 14d induziertes magnetisches Feld eine von der axialen Stellung desThe stator winding 30 is guided around the stator 12 in such a way that, with constant electric current through the stator winding, a magnetic field induced in each air gap 14a-14d differs from the axial position of the

Läufersteges abhängige magnetische Induktionsverteilung aufweist.Has rotor-dependent magnetic induction distribution.

In der konkreten Ausgestaltung ist die Statorwicklung entlang des gesamten Umfangs des ringförmigen Stators 12 schraubenförmig um den Statorkörper gelegt, so daß dieser vollständig (sowohl innere und äußere Mantelflächen 32, 34 als auch obere und untere Stirnflächen 36, 38) von der Statorwicklung 30 umgeben ist (siehe Fig. 2) . Dabei ist es jedoch nicht notwendig, daß die Statorwicklung den Stator entlang dessen gesamten Umfanges umgibt.In the specific embodiment, the stator winding is placed helically around the stator body along the entire circumference of the annular stator 12, so that the stator body is completely (both inner and outer jacket surfaces 32, 34 and also upper and lower end faces 36, 38) are surrounded by the stator winding 30 (see FIG. 2). However, it is not necessary for the stator winding to surround the stator along its entire circumference.

In der technischen Realisation weist die Statorwicklung 30 zwei Leiterplatten 40 auf (von denen eine in Fig. 4 veranschaulicht ist), die jeweils an einer Stirnfläche 36, 38 des Stators 12 angeordnet sind, und mit Leiterstreifen 42 versehen sind, die zusammen mit neben der inneren bzw. äußeren Mantelfläche 32, 34 des ringförmigen Stators 12 angeordneten Leiterabschnitten 46, 48 die Statorwicklung 30 bilden. Dazu reichen die aus den beiden Leiterplatten 40 stehenden inneren bzw. äußeren Leiterabschnitte 46, 48 nicht genau senkrecht aus dem jeweiligen Leiterstreifen 42 heraus. Vielmehr sind sie schräg eingesetzt, so ein Leiterabschnitt jeweils einen Leiterstreifen an der unteren Leiterplatte mit einem in Umfangsrichtung um eins versetzten Leiterstreifen an der oberen Leiterplatte verbindet. Wie in Fig. 4 gezeigt, haben die Leiterstreifen 42 jeweils eine sich in radialer Richtung verbreiternde Form.In the technical implementation, the stator winding 30 has two circuit boards 40 (one of which is illustrated in FIG. 4), which are each arranged on an end face 36, 38 of the stator 12, and are provided with conductor strips 42, which together with the inner or outer lateral surface 32, 34 of the annular stator 12 arranged conductor sections 46, 48 form the stator winding 30. For this purpose, the inner and outer conductor sections 46, 48, which stand out of the two printed circuit boards 40, do not extend exactly perpendicularly out of the respective conductor strips 42. Rather, they are inserted at an angle, such that a conductor section connects a conductor strip on the lower circuit board with a conductor strip on the upper circuit board offset by one in the circumferential direction. As shown in FIG. 4, the conductor strips 42 each have a shape that widens in the radial direction.

In der in Fig. 1 veranschaulichten Form ist der Linear- Reluktanzmotor einphasig. Dies hat zur Folge, daß im Betrieb der Hub des Läufers auf eine Rasterlänge R (siehe Fig. 3) begrenzt ist. Ein größerer Hub als das Rastermaß R ist zwar prinzipiell möglich, hat jedoch einen schwankenden Kraftverlauf zur Folge, da der Läufer einen aus dem toten Bereich herausbewegt werden muß. Um einen größeren Hub zu erreichen, werden mehrere ringförmige Statoren koaxial übereinander angeordnet, wobei alle in die Luftspalte der einzelnen Statoren eingreifende Läuferstege an einem gemeinsamen Schaft angeordnet sind. Die jeweiligen Statorwicklungen der einzelnen Statoren werden phasenversetzt mit Wechselstrom beschickt. Die einzelnen Statoren oder die diesen jeweils zugeordneten einzelnen Läufer sind in axialer Richtung entsprechend der Phasenlage des Betriebsstromes versetzt. Zum Beispiel können drei Ein-Phasen-Statoren aufeinander angeordnet werden, deren Wicklungen mit Drei-Phasen-Strom beaufschlagt werden. Dabei wandert dann der Läufer in Abhängigkeit von der Drehrichtung der Phasen entlang der Mittelachse auf oder ab. In the form illustrated in Fig. 1, the linear reluctance motor is single phase. As a result, the runner stroke is limited to a grid length R (see FIG. 3) during operation. A larger stroke than the grid dimension R is possible in principle, but it results in a fluctuating force curve, since the rotor has to be moved out of the dead area. In order to achieve a larger stroke, a plurality of ring-shaped stators are arranged coaxially one above the other, with all rotor webs engaging in the air gaps of the individual stators being arranged on a common shaft. The respective stator windings of the individual stators are fed with alternating current with a phase shift. The individual stators or the individual rotors assigned to them are in the axial direction corresponding to the phase position of the operating current transferred. For example, three single-phase stators can be arranged on top of one another, the windings of which are supplied with three-phase current. The rotor then moves up or down depending on the direction of rotation of the phases along the central axis.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations 1. Reluktanzmotor, mit1. Reluctance motor, with - einem ringförmigen Stator (12) , der wenigstens einen Luftspalt (14a - 14d) aufweist, und- an annular stator (12) having at least one air gap (14a - 14d), and - einem Läufersteg (18a - 18d) , der in dem Luftspalt (14a - 14d) parallel zur Mittelachse des Stators (12) verschiebbar angeordnet ist,a rotor web (18a-18d) which is arranged in the air gap (14a-14d) so as to be displaceable parallel to the central axis of the stator (12), - dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß - die Breite des Luftspaltes (14a - 14d) in dessen axialer Richtung variiert, und- characterized in that - the width of the air gap (14a - 14d) varies in its axial direction, and - die Statorwicklung (30) entlang wenigstens eines Abschnittes des Umfangs des ringförmigen Stators (12) schraubenförmig um den Statorkörper (12) gelegt ist, so daß dieser vollständig von der Statorwicklung (30) umgeben ist, wodurch bei konstantem elektrischem Strom durch die Statorwicklung (30) ein in dem Luftspalt (14a - 14d) induziertes magnetisches Feld eine von der axialen Stellung des Läufersteges (18a - 18d) abhängige magnetische Induktionsverteilung aufweist.- The stator winding (30) along at least a portion of the circumference of the ring-shaped stator (12) is placed helically around the stator body (12), so that it is completely surrounded by the stator winding (30), whereby at constant electric current through the stator winding ( 30) a magnetic field induced in the air gap (14a - 14d) has a magnetic induction distribution which is dependent on the axial position of the rotor web (18a - 18d). 2. Reluktanzmotor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß2. Reluctance motor according to claim 1, characterized in that - der ringförmige Stator (12) eine im wesentlichen kreisringzylindrische, hohlkegelförmige oder polygonringförmige Gestalt aufweist.- The annular stator (12) has a substantially circular cylindrical, hollow cone or polygonal shape. 3. Reluktanzmotor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß - der ringförmige Stator (12) mehrere Luftspalte (14a - I4d) aufweist, die in Umfangsrichtung des Stators (12) symmetrisch angeordnet sind. 3. Reluctance motor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - the annular stator (12) has a plurality of air gaps (14a - I4d) which are arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction of the stator (12). 4. Reluktanzmotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß4. Reluctance motor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that - jeder der Luftspalte (14a - I4d) den ringförmigen Stator (12) in radialer und axialer Richtung zumindest teilweise durchsetzt.- Each of the air gaps (14a - I4d) at least partially penetrates the annular stator (12) in the radial and axial directions. 5. Reluktanzmotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß5. reluctance motor according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that - jeder der Luftspalte (14a - 14d) in radialer Richtung parallel angeordnete nutformige Ausnehmungen (20) aufweist.- Each of the air gaps (14a - 14d) has groove-shaped recesses (20) arranged in parallel in the radial direction. 6. Reluktanzmotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß6. Reluctance motor according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that - jeder der Läuferstege (18a - 18d) Ausnehmungen (22) aufweist, die in einem im wesentlichen gleichen axialen- Each of the rotor webs (18a - 18d) has recesses (22) which are in an essentially the same axial Rastermaß wie die Breitenvariierung der Luftspalte (14a - 14d) in den Läuferstegen (18a - 18d) angeordnet sind.Grid dimensions as the width variation of the air gaps (14a - 14d) are arranged in the rotor webs (18a - 18d). 7. Reluktanzmotor nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, soweit dieser auf Anspruch 5 zurückbezogen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß7. reluctance motor according to the preceding claim, insofar as this is related to claim 5, characterized in that - die Nuten (20) parallel zu den Ausnehmungen (22) in dem Luftspalt (14a - 14d) in dem ringförmigen Stator (12) angeordnet sind.- The grooves (20) are arranged parallel to the recesses (22) in the air gap (14a - 14d) in the annular stator (12). 8. Reluktanzmotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß8. reluctance motor according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that - alle Läuferstege (18a - 18d) mit einem im Innern des kreisringförmigen Stators (12) angeordneten, koaxial zur Mittelachse des Stators verschiebbaren Schaft (16) verbunden sind.- All rotor webs (18a - 18d) are connected to a shaft (16) arranged inside the annular stator (12) and displaceable coaxially to the central axis of the stator. 9. Reluktanzmotor nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß - alle Läuferstege (18a - 18d) durch mäanderförmig geschichtete Blechstreifen gebildet sind, die mit dem Schaft (16) verbunden sind. 9. reluctance motor according to claim 8, characterized in that - all rotor webs (18a - 18d) are formed by meandering layered sheet metal strips which are connected to the shaft (16). 10. Reluktanzmotor nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß10. reluctance motor according to claim 8, characterized in that - der ringförmige Stator (12) durch geschichtete Blechstreifen, gepreßte Eisenpulver-Lagen, oder durch einen massiven Eisenkörper oder dergl. gebildet ist.- The annular stator (12) is formed by layered sheet metal strips, pressed iron powder layers, or by a solid iron body or the like. 11. Reluktanzmotor einem der Ansprüche 1 - 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß - die freie Weglänge (L) zwischen der Wandung jedes11. Reluctance motor one of claims 1-10, characterized in that - the free path length (L) between the walls of each Luftspaltes (14a - 14d) und dem in dem jeweiligen Luftspalt (14a - 14d) angeordneten Läufersteg (18a - 18d) klein gegenüber dem Raster (R) der Nuten (20) in der Wandung des Luftspaltes (14a - 14d) ist.Air gap (14a - 14d) and the rotor web (18a - 18d) arranged in the respective air gap (14a - 14d) is small compared to the grid (R) of the grooves (20) in the wall of the air gap (14a - 14d). 12. Reluktanzmotor einem der Ansprüche 1 - 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß12. Reluctance motor one of claims 1-11, characterized in that - die Statorwicklung (30) des ringförmigen Stators (12) zwei Leiterplatten (40) aufweist, die jeweils an einer Stirnfläche (36, 38) des Stators (12) angeordnet sind, und mit- The stator winding (30) of the annular stator (12) has two printed circuit boards (40), which are each arranged on an end face (36, 38) of the stator (12), and with Leiterstreifen (42) versehen sind, die zusammen mit neben der inneren bzw. äußeren Mantelfläche (32, 34) des ringförmigen Stators (12) angeordneten Leiterabschnitten (46, 48) die Statorwicklung (30) bilden.Conductor strips (42) are provided which, together with conductor sections (46, 48) arranged next to the inner or outer lateral surface (32, 34) of the annular stator (12), form the stator winding (30). 13 . Reluktanzmotor nach Anspruch 12 , dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß13. Reluctance motor according to claim 12, characterized in that - die Leiterstreifen (42) jeweils eine sich in radialer- The conductor strips (42) each have a radial Richtung verbreiternde Form aufweisen.Have a widening direction. 14. Reluktanzmotor einem der Ansprüche 1 - 13 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß14. Reluctance motor one of claims 1-13, characterized in that - mehrere ringförmige Statoren koaxial übereinander angeordnet sind, - alle in die Luftspalte der einzelnen Statoren eingreifende Läuferstege an einem gemeinsamen Schaft angeordnet sind, - die einzelnen Statoren oder die einzelnen, den jeweiligen Statoren zugeordneten Läuferstege in axialer Richtung entsprechend der Phasenlage des Betriebsstroms versetzt sind, unda plurality of ring-shaped stators are arranged coaxially one above the other, all rotor webs engaging in the air gaps of the individual stators are arranged on a common shaft, - The individual stators or the individual rotor webs assigned to the respective stators are offset in the axial direction in accordance with the phase position of the operating current, and - die jeweiligen Statorwicklungen der einzelnen Statoren phasenversetzt mit Wechselstrom beschickbar sind. - The respective stator windings of the individual stators can be fed with alternating current with a phase shift.
PCT/EP1998/004853 1997-08-04 1998-08-04 Reluctance motor, especially a linear reluctance motor Ceased WO1999008368A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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EP98943836A EP1002359A1 (en) 1997-08-04 1998-08-04 Reluctance motor, especially a linear reluctance motor
JP2000506715A JP2001512958A (en) 1997-08-04 1998-08-04 Reluctance motor, especially linear reluctance motor

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DE1997133726 DE19733726C2 (en) 1997-08-04 1997-08-04 Reluctance motor, especially linear reluctance motor
DE19733726.0 1997-08-04

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JP4578819B2 (en) * 2004-02-18 2010-11-10 東芝機械株式会社 Linear motor
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DE2029462A1 (en) * 1970-06-09 1972-04-06 Siemens Ag Linear machine with repulsion effect for single-phase alternating current
FR2704993A1 (en) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-10 Simu Linear electric motor device for moving one or more trolleys on a common track
DE4428321A1 (en) * 1994-08-11 1996-02-15 Horst Bendrich Linear reluctance motor

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WO2020240064A1 (en) * 2019-05-27 2020-12-03 Centro De Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas, O.A., M.P. Switched reluctance machine

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DE19733726C2 (en) 2000-10-05
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JP2001512958A (en) 2001-08-28

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