WO1999008227A1 - Device and method for detecting without contact two-dimensional or three-dimensional marked surfaces and/or for detecting two-dimensional or three-dimensional movements - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting without contact two-dimensional or three-dimensional marked surfaces and/or for detecting two-dimensional or three-dimensional movements Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999008227A1 WO1999008227A1 PCT/DE1998/002272 DE9802272W WO9908227A1 WO 1999008227 A1 WO1999008227 A1 WO 1999008227A1 DE 9802272 W DE9802272 W DE 9802272W WO 9908227 A1 WO9908227 A1 WO 9908227A1
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- motion detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/0304—Detection arrangements using opto-electronic means
- G06F3/0317—Detection arrangements using opto-electronic means in co-operation with a patterned surface, e.g. absolute position or relative movement detection for an optical mouse or pen positioned with respect to a coded surface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0346—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of the device orientation or free movement in a 3D space, e.g. 3D mice, 6-DOF [six degrees of freedom] pointers using gyroscopes, accelerometers or tilt-sensors
Definitions
- Non-contact-free methods are known for detecting relief-like surface structures.
- a three-dimensional negative image of the object is created, from which information about its surface properties is obtained.
- a disadvantage of such processes is that their quality depends very much on the casting or impression agent used. In addition, they cannot be used on sensitive or easily damaged surfaces without danger to the areas to be examined.
- JP-0 5 341 904 describes a motion detector which is designed as a rotatable ball surrounded by a strongly inhomogeneous magnetic field.
- the motion detector is moved along the surface to be scanned, the ball is rotated, which is detected by a Hall generator and converted into electronic signals containing information about the position of the motion detector relative to the surface to be scanned.
- a motion detector can only detect the position parallel to a two-dimensional surface, a relief structure of the surface to be scanned cannot be detected with it.
- the previously known motion detector also does not work in a contact-free manner and can therefore not be used on sensitive surfaces.
- ERSATZBLAH (RULE 26)
- the object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for detecting two- and / or three-dimensional surfaces and / or for detecting two- and / or three-dimensional movements along a surface, the risk of damage to the surface being largely avoided.
- the device then comprises a motion detector, a distance meter and a signal processing unit.
- the motion detector works without contact and continuously or at predetermined time intervals detects the position of the device according to the invention in a plane parallel to the surface to be examined, for example, generated from a plane projection of the three-dimensional marked surface.
- the relief is detected by means of the distance meter, which determines the distance between the motion detector and the surface to be detected at each detected point on the projected plane.
- the signal processing unit With the help of the signal processing unit, the information from the motion detector and the distance meter are brought together and converted into an electronically usable image of the relief structure of the detected surface and / or of the movement carried out.
- the surface structure is detected without contact.
- Suitable motion detectors or distance meters work, for example, with the help of light or other electromagnetic rays, sound waves, electrical and / or magnetic fields.
- the particular advantage of the device according to the invention is that it can be used in various areas, in particular those in which the surfaces to be detected are particularly sensitive and the high precision of the determined data is also important. This included certain areas of medicine, dentistry, biology, archeology or paleontology.
- a detection device that is particularly useful for a large number of applications works with optical means.
- An optical radiation source emitting in the direction of the marked area is integrated in the motion detector and the motion detector and the distance meter detect light reflected from the marked area.
- Lasers or semiconductor emitters, the radiation frequencies of which should be adapted to the corresponding application, may be considered as preferred radiation sources.
- the motion detector advantageously has a matrix of optical detection means arranged next to one another in a surface.
- the movement carried out by the detector along the marked area is thus easy to understand due to the chronological sequence of the electronic signals emitted by the individual optical detection means.
- a suitable and particularly inexpensive detection means is an array of photodiodes.
- the photodiodes are arranged at a distance from one another in at least two different directions, as a result of which the movement of the motion detector in an area parallel to these directions can be calculated particularly easily. If the photodiodes are in two directions perpendicular to one another, then an X and a Y direction can be determined directly for determining the position of the motion detector.
- an optical image sensor can also be used instead of the photodiode array. By comparing successive image sequences of the image sensor, information about any movement perpendicular to the marked area can also be obtained.
- a particularly advantageous distance meter consists of a photodiode which receives a light signal from a radiation source reflected by the marked area and converts it into an electronic signal which is used in measuring electronics to determine the distance.
- a plurality of photodiodes arranged side by side are also conceivable, from whose photovoltaic signals the distance between the motion detector and the marked area is calculated by suitable measuring electronics.
- the distance can be determined using optical triangulation, for example.
- An optical interferometer is particularly suitable for microscopically fine surface structures, for example in particular metallic surfaces.
- the motion detector and / or the distance meter and / or the radiation source is integrated in a microchip.
- the signal processing unit can be connected to a display unit, for example a monitor, so that the respective position of the motion detector can be followed directly during the motion.
- the signal processing unit is arranged spatially separated from the motion detector and is in - preferably wireless - data exchange with it.
- the spatial dimensions of the motion detector can thus be limited to a minimum and the flexibility and efficiency of the device can thereby be significantly increased.
- the signal processing unit is expediently in a data connection to an electronic storage medium in which the information about the surface structure and / or the movement relative to the surface is stored electronically and can be called up.
- the positions in a projection plane — essentially parallel to the marked surface — are determined with the aid of optical detection means (X, Y) position.
- the distance between the motion detector and the marked surface i.e. the value / (X, Y)
- the distance between the motion detector and the marked surface i.e. the value / (X, Y)
- the distance between the motion detector and the marked surface is determined in a contact-free manner for each detected (X.Y) value.
- information about the movement or the surface condition of the marked area is obtained from the (X, Y, Z) values determined in this way.
- a particularly advantageous determination of the distance is carried out by measuring the transit time of a light signal as it traverses the distance to be determined.
- the invention makes use of a method known per se for measuring the speed of light, in which the phase shift of a light signal modulated at high frequency is measured after passing through a predetermined distance with respect to the original modulation signal.
- the speed of light is assumed to be known and the method for measuring the distance traveled by the light is used. Since the speed of light in different media is known with high accuracy, this method enables a very precise distance measurement.
- the method according to the invention is advantageously suitable for motion detection, for example of a reading device, for the optical detection and storage of visually marked and projected alphanumeric characters, graphics and / or photographic images or for determining the position in hand scanners.
- a particularly advantageous development of a method according to the invention used for motion detection provides that the data recorded by the motion detector are suitable for carrying out a correction compensation in order, for example, to enable the reading of a page of text by a reader.
- FIG. 1 shows the motion detector of a detection device according to the invention in a plan view
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram to explain the operation of the motion detector of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 4a a spacer held at a distance from a surface
- Fig. 4b the principle of distance measurement in a distance meter of a detection device according to the invention
- Fig. 5 in a block diagram the electronic components of the distance meter of Fig. 4a.
- the non-contact motion detector 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a semiconductor radiator 2 and a total of five photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'", 4.
- the photodiodes 3 to 3 '" serve to detect a movement parallel to a two- or three-dimensionally marked area 8, while the photodiode 4 enables the measurement of the vertical distance of the reading device from the marked area.
- the scanning head 6 is an independent module that can be installed within a larger device, such as an image reading device.
- the scanning head 6 is provided on the side facing the marked surface 8 in the intended state with a lens 7, which in the exemplary embodiment is convex-concave, which imparts the light emitted by the semiconductor emitter 2 on the marked surface 8 or the image of the the marked surface 8 of reflected light on the photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'", 4 is used.
- the semiconductor emitter 2 and the photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'” are integrated in a microchip 9 as components of the non-contact motion detector 1.
- the semiconductor emitter 2 is actuated by suitable control electronics 11 as soon as the intended movement detection begins.
- the light focused by the lens 7 from the semiconductor emitter 2 in the direction of the marked area 8 is reflected by the latter and is imaged by the lens 7 onto the microchip 9.
- the photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'” detect the reflected light.
- the electrical pulses of the photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'", 4 are amplified in an A / D converter 12 and supplied to the signal processing unit 13 as a digital synchronization signal for describing the position of the motion detector 1 relative to the marked area 8 and / or stored in the storage units 14, 15.
- the light signal 18 is reflected on the marked area and reaches the photodiode 4.
- the transit time t For the distance covered, which is greater than twice the distance 2 L between the motion detector 1 and the marked area 8, the light requires the transit time t.
- the light transit time t is determined by comparing the phase of the transmitted modulation signal 19 with the phase of the received light signal 18.
- the amplitudes of the two signals 18, 19 are plotted as a function of time in FIG. 4b.
- the light propagation time t is clearly recognizable from the phase difference 61 minus t1 of the modulation signal 19 and the light signal 18.
- the electronic components required for the distance measurement are shown in FIG. 5.
- the emitted light from the light-emitting diode 2 is modulated with the sine wave signal generated in the oscillator 21 and amplified in the signal amplifier 22.
- the photodiode 4 receives the modulated Kiert surface 8 reflected light signal 18, converts it into a modulated photovoltaic signal and passes this to the amplifier 23.
- the phase positions of the generated sine wave signal 19 and the photovoltaic signal 18 are compared in a discriminator 24.
- the output signal of the discriminator 24 is proportional to the phase shift and is therefore a measure of the distance traveled by the light within a time t2 minus t1 at the speed c.
- the discriminator signal passes via the signal amplifier 25 to the signal processing unit 13, in which it is combined with the corresponding signals from the photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3" to form a digital information package and is stored in the memories 14, 15.
- the signal can also be used to control a sensor motor 27, by means of which, for example, the focal length of the lens 7 can be controlled, or which controls an optics connected upstream of a reading device for detecting alphanumeric characters, graphics or photographic images.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum berührungsfreien Erfassen zwei- und/oder dreidimensional markierter Oberflächen und/ oder zum Erfassen zwei- und/oder dreidimensionaler Bewegungen Device and method for contactless detection of two- and / or three-dimensionally marked surfaces and / or for detecting two- and / or three-dimensional movements
Zum Erfassen reliefartiger Oberflächenstrukturen sind nichtberührungsfreie Verfahren bekannt. So wird etwa bei Guß- oder Abdruckverfahren ein dreidimensionales Negativbild des Gegenstandes erstellt, aus dem Informationen über dessen Oberflächenbeschaffenheit gewonnen werden.Non-contact-free methods are known for detecting relief-like surface structures. In the case of casting or impression processes, for example, a three-dimensional negative image of the object is created, from which information about its surface properties is obtained.
Nachteilig bei derartigen Verfahren ist, daß ihre Qualität sehr stark von dem eingesetzten Guß- oder Abdruckmittel abhängt. Zudem sind sie bei empfindlichen oder leicht zu beschädigenden Oberflächen nicht ohne Gefahr für die zu untersuchenden Areale einsetzbar.A disadvantage of such processes is that their quality depends very much on the casting or impression agent used. In addition, they cannot be used on sensitive or easily damaged surfaces without danger to the areas to be examined.
Desweiteren sind Bewegungsdetektoren bekannt, mittels derer die Position eines Gegenstandes, etwa eines Handscanners, gegenüber einer Fläche bestimmbar ist. In der JP-0 5 341 904 wird ein Bewegungsdetektor beschrieben, der als eine drehbewegliche, von einem stark inhomogenen Magnetfeld umgebene Kugel ausgebildet ist. Beim Bewegen des Bewegungsdetektors entlang der abzuscannenden Fläche wird die Kugel in eine Drehbewegung versetzt, die von einem Hallgenerator erfaßt und in elektronische, die Information über die Position des Bewegungsdetektors gegenüber der abzuscannenden Fläche enthaltene Signale umgewandelt werden. Ein derartiger Bewegungsdetektor kann jedoch nur die Position parallel zu einer zweidimen- sionalen Fläche erfassen, eine Reliefstruktur der abzuscannenden Oberflä- ehe ist damit nicht detektierbar. Zudem arbeitet der vorbekannte Bewegungsdetektor ebenfalls nicht berührungsfrei und ist deshalb bei empfindlichen Oberflächen nicht einsetzbar.Furthermore, motion detectors are known, by means of which the position of an object, for example a hand scanner, relative to a surface can be determined. JP-0 5 341 904 describes a motion detector which is designed as a rotatable ball surrounded by a strongly inhomogeneous magnetic field. When the motion detector is moved along the surface to be scanned, the ball is rotated, which is detected by a Hall generator and converted into electronic signals containing information about the position of the motion detector relative to the surface to be scanned. However, such a motion detector can only detect the position parallel to a two-dimensional surface, a relief structure of the surface to be scanned cannot be detected with it. In addition, the previously known motion detector also does not work in a contact-free manner and can therefore not be used on sensitive surfaces.
ERSATZBLAH (REGEL 26) Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Schaffung einer Vorrichtung und eines Verfahrens zum Erfassen zwei- und/oder dreidimensionaler Oberflächen und/oder zum Erfassen zwei- und/oder dreidimensionaler Bewegungen entlang einer Fläche, wobei die Gefahr von Beschädigungen der Fläche weitestgehend zu vermeiden ist.ERSATZBLAH (RULE 26) The object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for detecting two- and / or three-dimensional surfaces and / or for detecting two- and / or three-dimensional movements along a surface, the risk of damage to the surface being largely avoided.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe in vorrichtungstechnischer Hinsicht durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1. Danach umfaßt die Vorrichtung einen Bewegungsdetektor, einen Distanzmesser und eine Signalverarbeitungseinheit.In terms of device technology, this object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1. The device then comprises a motion detector, a distance meter and a signal processing unit.
Der Bewegungsdetektor arbeitet berührungsfrei und erfaßt kontinuierlich oder in vorgegebenen Zeitabständen die Position der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer zur untersuchenden Fläche parallelen, etwa aus einer Ebenenprojektion der dreidimensional markierten Oberfläche erzeugten Ebene. Die Erfassung des Reliefs erfolgt mittels des Distanzmessers, der zu jedem erfaßten Punkt der projizierten Ebene den Abstand zwischen dem Bewegungsdetektor und der zu erfassenden Fläche bestimmt. Mit Hilfe der Signalverarbeitungseinheit werden die Informationen des Bewegungsdetektors sowie des Distanzmessers zusammengeführt und in ein elektronisch verwertbares Bild der Reliefstruktur der erfaßten Oberfläche und/oder der durchgeführten Bewegung umgewandelt.The motion detector works without contact and continuously or at predetermined time intervals detects the position of the device according to the invention in a plane parallel to the surface to be examined, for example, generated from a plane projection of the three-dimensional marked surface. The relief is detected by means of the distance meter, which determines the distance between the motion detector and the surface to be detected at each detected point on the projected plane. With the help of the signal processing unit, the information from the motion detector and the distance meter are brought together and converted into an electronically usable image of the relief structure of the detected surface and / or of the movement carried out.
Die Erfassung der Oberflächenstruktur erfolgt bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung berührungsfrei. Geeignete Bewegungsdetektoren bzw. Distanz- messer arbeiten etwa mit Hilfe von Licht oder sonstigen elektromagnetischen Strahlen, Schallwellen, elektrischen und/oder magnetischen Feldern. Der besondere Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung besteht in ihrer Einsetzbarkeit in verschiedenen Bereichen, und zwar insbesondere solchen, bei denen die zu erfassenden Oberflächen besonders empfindlich sind und es zudem auf eine hohe Präzision der ermittelten Daten ankommt. Dazu gehörten etwa bestimmte Bereiche der Medizin, Zahnmedizin, Biologie, Archäologie oder Paläontologie.In the device according to the invention, the surface structure is detected without contact. Suitable motion detectors or distance meters work, for example, with the help of light or other electromagnetic rays, sound waves, electrical and / or magnetic fields. The particular advantage of the device according to the invention is that it can be used in various areas, in particular those in which the surfaces to be detected are particularly sensitive and the high precision of the determined data is also important. This included certain areas of medicine, dentistry, biology, archeology or paleontology.
Eine für eine große Zahl von Anwendungen besonders zweckmäßige Erfas- sungsvorrichtung arbeitet mit optischen Mitteln. Dabei ist im Bewegungsdetektor eine in Richtung auf die markierte Fläche abstrahlende optische Strahlungsquelle integriert und der Bewegungsdetektor sowie der Distanzmesser erfassen von der markierten Fläche reflektiertes Licht. Als bevorzugte Strahlungsquellen kommen etwa Laser oder Halbleiterstrahler in Fra- ge, deren Strahlungsfrequenzen der entsprechenden Anwendung angepaßt sein sollten.A detection device that is particularly useful for a large number of applications works with optical means. An optical radiation source emitting in the direction of the marked area is integrated in the motion detector and the motion detector and the distance meter detect light reflected from the marked area. Lasers or semiconductor emitters, the radiation frequencies of which should be adapted to the corresponding application, may be considered as preferred radiation sources.
Vorteilhafterweise besitzt der Bewegungsdetektor eine Matrix aus in einer Fläche nebeneinander angeordneten optischen Erfassungsmitteln. Die vom Detektor vollzogene Bewegung entlang der markierten Fläche ist damit leicht aufgrund der zeitlichen Abfolge der von den einzelnen optischen Erfassungsmitteln abgegebenen elektronischen Signale nachvollziehbar.The motion detector advantageously has a matrix of optical detection means arranged next to one another in a surface. The movement carried out by the detector along the marked area is thus easy to understand due to the chronological sequence of the electronic signals emitted by the individual optical detection means.
Ein geeignetes und besonders preisgünstiges Erfassungsmittel ist ein Array aus Fotodioden. Die Fotodioden sind in einer Ebene in zumindest zwei unterschiedlichen Richtungen beabstandet voneinander angeordnet , wodurch sich die Bewegung des Bewegungsdetektors in einer zu diesen Richtungen parallelen Fläche besonders leicht berechnen läßt. Stehen die Fotodioden in zwei zueinander senkrechten Richtungen, so läßt sich unmittelbar eine X- und eine Y-Richtung zur Positionsbestimmung des Bewegungsdetektors festlegen.A suitable and particularly inexpensive detection means is an array of photodiodes. The photodiodes are arranged at a distance from one another in at least two different directions, as a result of which the movement of the motion detector in an area parallel to these directions can be calculated particularly easily. If the photodiodes are in two directions perpendicular to one another, then an X and a Y direction can be determined directly for determining the position of the motion detector.
Bei bestimmten Anwendungen, insbesondere wenn eine hohe Auflösung gewünscht wird, kann auch anstelle des Fotodiodenarrays ein optischer Bild- sensor eingesetzt werden. Aus dem Vergleich aufeinanderfolgender Bildsequenzen des Bildsensors läßt sich zudem auch eine Information über eine etwaige, gegenüber der markierten Fläche senkrechte Bewegung gewinnen.In certain applications, especially when a high resolution is required, an optical image sensor can also be used instead of the photodiode array. By comparing successive image sequences of the image sensor, information about any movement perpendicular to the marked area can also be obtained.
Ein besonders vorteilhafter Distanzmesser besteht aus einer Fotodiode, die ein von der markierten Fläche reflektiertes Lichtsignal einer Strahlungsquelle empfängt und in ein elektronisches Signal umwandelt, das in einer Meßelektronik dazu benutzt wird, die Distanz zu bestimmen. Es sind auch mehrere nebeneinander angeordnete Fotodioden denkbar, aus deren photovol- taischen Signalen der Abstand zwischen dem Bewegungsdetektor und der markierten Fläche von einer geeigneten Meßelektronik berechnet wird. Im Zusammenhang mit einem Laser als Strahlungsquelle kann der Abstand etwa mittels optischer Triangulation bestimmt werden.A particularly advantageous distance meter consists of a photodiode which receives a light signal from a radiation source reflected by the marked area and converts it into an electronic signal which is used in measuring electronics to determine the distance. A plurality of photodiodes arranged side by side are also conceivable, from whose photovoltaic signals the distance between the motion detector and the marked area is calculated by suitable measuring electronics. In connection with a laser as a radiation source, the distance can be determined using optical triangulation, for example.
Alternativ sind auch interferometrische Methoden zur Distanzmessung einsetzbar. Für mikroskopisch feine Oberflächenstrukturen, etwa insbesondere metallischer Oberflächen, ist ein optisches Interferometer besonders geeignet.Alternatively, interferometric methods for distance measurement can also be used. An optical interferometer is particularly suitable for microscopically fine surface structures, for example in particular metallic surfaces.
Um die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsvorrichtung zu erleichtern und zu verbilligen, ist der Bewegungsdetektor und/oder der Distanzmesser und/oder die Strahlungsquelle in einen Mikrochip integriert.In order to facilitate and reduce the cost of manufacturing the detection device according to the invention, the motion detector and / or the distance meter and / or the radiation source is integrated in a microchip.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ist die Signalverarbeitungseinheit mit ei- ner Anzeigeeinheit, etwa einem Monitor verbindbar, so daß die jeweilige Position des Bewegungsdetektors während der Bewegung unmittelbar verfolgt werden kann.In an advantageous development, the signal processing unit can be connected to a display unit, for example a monitor, so that the respective position of the motion detector can be followed directly during the motion.
In einer abermaligen Weiterbildung ist die Signalverarbeitungseinheit vom Bewegungsdetektor räumlich getrennt angeordnet und steht mit diesem in - vorzugsweise drahtlosem - Datenaustausch. Die räumlichen Dimensionen des Bewegungsdetektors lassen sich damit auf ein Minimum begrenzen und hierdurch die Flexibilität und Effizienz der Vorrichtung deutlich erhöhen.In a further development, the signal processing unit is arranged spatially separated from the motion detector and is in - preferably wireless - data exchange with it. The spatial dimensions of the motion detector can thus be limited to a minimum and the flexibility and efficiency of the device can thereby be significantly increased.
Zweckmäßigerweise steht die Signalverarbeitungseinheit mit einem elektronischen Speichermedium in Datenverbindung, in dem die Informationen über die Oberflächenstruktur und/oder die Bewegung gegenüber der Fläche elektronisch abrufbar abgespeichert sind.The signal processing unit is expediently in a data connection to an electronic storage medium in which the information about the surface structure and / or the movement relative to the surface is stored electronically and can be called up.
In verfahrenstechnischer Hinsicht ist die Erfindungsaufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen -des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.In procedural terms, the object of the invention is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.
Bei diesem Verfahren erfolgt während einer Bewegung eines Bewegungsdetektors relativ zu einer markierten Fläche eine berührungsfreie Ermittlung der Positionen in einer - zur markierten Fläche im wesentlichen parallelen - Projektionsebene mit Hilfe von optischen Erfassungsmitteln (X,Y)-Position. Gleichzeitig wird zu jedem erfaßten (X.Y)-Wert der jeweilige Abstand des Bewegungsdetektors zur markierten Fläche, also der Wert / (X,Y), berührungsfrei ermittelt. In einem letzten Verfahrensschritt werden aus den auf diese Weise ermittelten (X,Y,Z)-Werten Informationen über die Bewegung bzw. die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit der markierten Fläche gewonnen.In this method, during a movement of a motion detector relative to a marked surface, the positions in a projection plane — essentially parallel to the marked surface — are determined with the aid of optical detection means (X, Y) position. At the same time, the distance between the motion detector and the marked surface, i.e. the value / (X, Y), is determined in a contact-free manner for each detected (X.Y) value. In a last method step, information about the movement or the surface condition of the marked area is obtained from the (X, Y, Z) values determined in this way.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Bestimmung der Distanz erfolgt dabei durch die Messung der Laufzeit eines Lichtsignals beim Durchlaufen der zu bestim- menden Distanz. Die Erfindung macht dabei Gebrauch von einem an sich bekannten Verfahren zur Messung der Lichtgeschwindigkeit, bei dem die Phasenverschiebung eines mit hoher Frequenz modulierten Lichtsignals nach Durchlaufen einer vorgegebenen Distanz gegenüber dem ursprünglichen Modulationssignal gemessen wird. Die Lichtgeschwindigkeit wird dabei als bekannt vorausgesetzt und das Verfahren zur Messung der vom Licht durchlaufenen Strecke eingesetzt. Da die Lichtgeschwindigkeit in unterschiedlichen Medien mit hoher Genauigkeit bekannt ist, ermöglicht dieses Verfahren eine sehr präzise Distanzmessung.A particularly advantageous determination of the distance is carried out by measuring the transit time of a light signal as it traverses the distance to be determined. The invention makes use of a method known per se for measuring the speed of light, in which the phase shift of a light signal modulated at high frequency is measured after passing through a predetermined distance with respect to the original modulation signal. The speed of light is assumed to be known and the method for measuring the distance traveled by the light is used. Since the speed of light in different media is known with high accuracy, this method enables a very precise distance measurement.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist in vorteilhafter Weise zur Bewegungserfassung etwa eines Lesegerätes für die optische Erfassung und Speicherung von visuell markierten und projizierten alphanumerischen Zeichen, Graphiken und/oder fotografischen Bildern oder auch zur Positionsbestimmung bei Handscannern geeignet.The method according to the invention is advantageously suitable for motion detection, for example of a reading device, for the optical detection and storage of visually marked and projected alphanumeric characters, graphics and / or photographic images or for determining the position in hand scanners.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildung eines zur Bewegungserfassung eingesetzten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, daß die vom Bewegungsdetektor aufgenommenen Daten zum Durchführen eines Korrekturausgleiches geeignet sind, um etwa die zeilenrichtige Erfassung einer Textseite durch ein Lesegerät zu ermöglichen.A particularly advantageous development of a method according to the invention used for motion detection provides that the data recorded by the motion detector are suitable for carrying out a correction compensation in order, for example, to enable the reading of a page of text by a reader.
Anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen sollen nachstehend ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und das Verfahren nach der Erfindung näher erläutert werden. In schematischen Ansichten zeigen:An exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Schematic views show:
Fig. 1 den Bewegungsdetektor einer erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsvorrichtung in einer Draufsicht,1 shows the motion detector of a detection device according to the invention in a plan view,
Fig. 2 einen in einem Abtastkopf aufgenommenen Bewegungsdetek- tor bei bestimmungsgemäßem Gebrauch in einem Längsschnitt,2 shows a motion detector accommodated in a scanning head when used as intended in a longitudinal section,
Fig. 3 ein Blockschaltbild zur Erklärung der Funktionsweise des Bewegungsdetektors aus Fig. 1 ,3 is a block diagram to explain the operation of the motion detector of FIG. 1,
Fig. 4a einen beabstandet von einer Fläche gehaltenen Distanzmesser, Fig. 4b das Prinzip der Abstandsmessung bei einem Distanzmesser einer erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsvorrichtung und4a a spacer held at a distance from a surface, Fig. 4b the principle of distance measurement in a distance meter of a detection device according to the invention and
Fig. 5 in einem Blockschaltbild die elektronischen Komponenten des Distanzmessers der Fig. 4a.Fig. 5 in a block diagram the electronic components of the distance meter of Fig. 4a.
Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte berührungsfreie Bewegungsdetektor 1 weist einen Halbleiterstrahier 2 sowie insgesamt fünf Fotodioden 3, 3', 3", 3'", 4 auf. Die Fotodioden 3 bis 3'" dienen der Erfassung einer Bewegung parallel zu einer zwei- oder dreidimensional markierten Fläche 8, während die Fotodiode 4 die Messung des Vertikalabstandes des Lesegerätes von der markierten Fläche ermöglicht.The non-contact motion detector 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a semiconductor radiator 2 and a total of five photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'", 4. The photodiodes 3 to 3 '"serve to detect a movement parallel to a two- or three-dimensionally marked area 8, while the photodiode 4 enables the measurement of the vertical distance of the reading device from the marked area.
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Abtastkopf 6, in dem der berührungsfreie Bewegungsde- tektor 1 aufgenommen ist. Bei dem Abtastkopf 6 handelt es sich um ein eigenständiges Modul, das innerhalb einer größeren Vorrichtung, etwa eines Bildlesegerätes, einbaubar ist. Der Abtastkopf 6 ist auf der im bestimmungsgemäßen Zustand der markierten Fläche 8 zugewandten Seite mit einer - im Ausführungsbeispiel konvex-konkaven - Linse 7 versehen , die der Abbil- düng des vom Halbleiterstrahler 2 abgestrahlten Lichts auf der markierten Fläche 8 bzw. der Abbildung des von der markierten Fläche 8 reflektierten Lichtes auf die Fotodioden 3, 3', 3", 3'", 4 dient.2 shows a scanning head 6 in which the non-contact movement detector 1 is accommodated. The scanning head 6 is an independent module that can be installed within a larger device, such as an image reading device. The scanning head 6 is provided on the side facing the marked surface 8 in the intended state with a lens 7, which in the exemplary embodiment is convex-concave, which imparts the light emitted by the semiconductor emitter 2 on the marked surface 8 or the image of the the marked surface 8 of reflected light on the photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'", 4 is used.
Die Funktionsweise des berührungsfreien Bewegungsdetektors 1 läßt sich anhand des in Fig. 3 dargestellten Blockdiagramms beschreiben. In dieser Darstellung sind als Komponenten des berührungsfreien Bewegungsdetektors 1 der Halbleiterstrahler 2 sowie die Fotodioden 3, 3', 3", 3'" in einem Mi- krochip 9 integriert. Durch eine geeignete Ansteuerungselektronik 11 wird der Halbleiterstrahler 2 betätigt, sobald die bestimmungsgemäße Bewegungs- detektion beginnt. Das durch die Linse 7 vom Halbleiterstrahler 2 in Richtung auf die markierte Fläche 8 fokussierte Licht wird von dieser reflektiert und von der Linse 7 auf den Mikrochip 9 abgebildet. Die Fotodioden 3, 3', 3", 3'" erfassen das reflektierte Licht. Bei der Bewegung des Bewegungsdetektors 1 parallel zur markierten Fläche 8 wird in dem aus den Fotodioden 3, 3', 3", 3'" bestehenden Diodenarray ein Muster zeitlich aufeinanderfolgender elektrischer Signale erzeugt, aus dem mittels einer geeigneten Datenverarbeitung die Richtung und die Geschwindigkeit der Bewegung des Bewegungsdetektors 1 in eindeutiger Weise bestimmbar ist.The operation of the non-contact motion detector 1 can be described with the aid of the block diagram shown in FIG. 3. In this illustration, the semiconductor emitter 2 and the photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'" are integrated in a microchip 9 as components of the non-contact motion detector 1. The semiconductor emitter 2 is actuated by suitable control electronics 11 as soon as the intended movement detection begins. The light focused by the lens 7 from the semiconductor emitter 2 in the direction of the marked area 8 is reflected by the latter and is imaged by the lens 7 onto the microchip 9. The photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'" detect the reflected light. When the motion detector 1 moves parallel to the marked area 8, a pattern of temporally successive electrical signals is generated in the diode array consisting of the photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'", from which the direction and the speed of the signals are generated by means of suitable data processing Movement of the motion detector 1 can be determined in a clear manner.
Die elektrischen Impulse der Fotodioden 3, 3', 3", 3'", 4 werden in einem A/D-Konverter 12 verstärkt und als digitales Synchronisationssignal zur Be- Schreibung der Position des Bewegungsdetektors 1 gegenüber der markierten Fläche 8 der Signalverarbeitungseinheit 13 zugeführt und/oder in den Speichereinheiten 14, 15 abgespeichert.The electrical pulses of the photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3'", 4 are amplified in an A / D converter 12 and supplied to the signal processing unit 13 as a digital synchronization signal for describing the position of the motion detector 1 relative to the marked area 8 and / or stored in the storage units 14, 15.
Anhand der Fig. 4a und 4b wird im folgenden die Funktionsweise des erfin- dungsgemäßen Distanzmessers erklärt. Von der Leuchtdiode 2 wird ein Lichtsignal 18, zum Beispiel eine voll durchmodulierte sinusförmige Schwingung in Richtung auf die markierte Fläche 8 abgestrahlt. Das Lichtsignal 18 wird an der markierten Fläche reflektiert und gelangt auf die Fotodiode 4. Für die dabei zurückgelegte Wegstrecke, die größer als der doppelte Abstand 2 L zwischen dem Bewegungsdetektor 1 und der markierten Fläche 8 ist, benö tigt das Licht die Laufzeit t. Mit der Lichtgeschwindigkeit c ergibt sich die zu berechnende Wegstrecke somit aus der Formel 2 L = c x t. Die Bestimmung der Lichtlaufzeit t erfolgt aus dem Vergleich der Phase des gesendeten Modulationssignals 19 mit der Phase des empfangenen Lichtsignals 18. In Fig. 4b sind die Amplituden der beiden Signale 18, 19 als Funktion der Zeit aufgetragen. Deutlich erkennbar ergibt sich die Lichtlaufzeit t aus der Phasendifferenz 61 minus t1 des Modulationssignals 19 und des Lichtsignals 18.The operation of the distance meter according to the invention is explained below with reference to FIGS. 4a and 4b. A light signal 18, for example a fully modulated sinusoidal oscillation, is emitted by the light-emitting diode 2 in the direction of the marked surface 8. The light signal 18 is reflected on the marked area and reaches the photodiode 4. For the distance covered, which is greater than twice the distance 2 L between the motion detector 1 and the marked area 8, the light requires the transit time t. With the speed of light c, the distance to be calculated thus results from the formula 2 L = c x t. The light transit time t is determined by comparing the phase of the transmitted modulation signal 19 with the phase of the received light signal 18. The amplitudes of the two signals 18, 19 are plotted as a function of time in FIG. 4b. The light propagation time t is clearly recognizable from the phase difference 61 minus t1 of the modulation signal 19 and the light signal 18.
Die für die Distanzmessung erforderlichen elektronischen Komponenten sind in Fig. 5 gezeigt. Das abgestrahlte Licht der Leuchtdiode 2 wird mit dem im Oszillator 21 generierten und im Signalverstärker 22 verstärkten Sinuswellensignal moduliert. Die Fotodiode 4 empfängt das modulierte, an der mar- kierten Fläche 8 reflektierte Lichtsignal 18, wandelt es in ein moduliertes photovoltaisches Signal um und leitet dies dem Verstärker 23 zu. In einem Diskriminator 24 werden die Phasenlagen des generierten Sinuswellensignals 19 und des photovoltaischen Signals 18 miteinander verglichen. Das Ausgangssignal des Diskriminators 24 verhält sich proportional zur Phasenverschiebung und ist somit ein Maß für die vom Licht innerhalb einer Zeit t2 minus t1 mit der Geschwindigkeit c zurückgelegten Wegstrecke.The electronic components required for the distance measurement are shown in FIG. 5. The emitted light from the light-emitting diode 2 is modulated with the sine wave signal generated in the oscillator 21 and amplified in the signal amplifier 22. The photodiode 4 receives the modulated Kiert surface 8 reflected light signal 18, converts it into a modulated photovoltaic signal and passes this to the amplifier 23. The phase positions of the generated sine wave signal 19 and the photovoltaic signal 18 are compared in a discriminator 24. The output signal of the discriminator 24 is proportional to the phase shift and is therefore a measure of the distance traveled by the light within a time t2 minus t1 at the speed c.
Das Diskriminatorsignal gelangt über den Signalverstärker 25 zur Signalver- arbeitseinheit 13, in der es mit den entsprechenden Signalen der Fotodioden 3, 3', 3", 3" zu einem digitalen Informationspaket zusammengefaßt und in den Speichern 14, 15 abgelegt wird.The discriminator signal passes via the signal amplifier 25 to the signal processing unit 13, in which it is combined with the corresponding signals from the photodiodes 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3" to form a digital information package and is stored in the memories 14, 15.
Das Signal ist auch zur Steuerung eines Sensormotors 27 einsetzbar, mittels dessen etwa die Brennweite der Linse 7 ansteuerbar ist, oder der eine an einem Lesegerät zur Erfassung von alphanumerischen Zeichen, Graphiken oder fotografischen Bildern vorgeschaltete Optik ansteuert. The signal can also be used to control a sensor motor 27, by means of which, for example, the focal length of the lens 7 can be controlled, or which controls an optics connected upstream of a reading device for detecting alphanumeric characters, graphics or photographic images.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19734613.8 | 1997-08-09 | ||
| DE19734613A DE19734613A1 (en) | 1997-08-09 | 1997-08-09 | Device and method for non-contact detection of two- and / or three-dimensionally marked surfaces and / or for detection of two and / or three-dimensional movements |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999008227A1 true WO1999008227A1 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
Family
ID=7838533
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1998/002272 Ceased WO1999008227A1 (en) | 1997-08-09 | 1998-08-07 | Device and method for detecting without contact two-dimensional or three-dimensional marked surfaces and/or for detecting two-dimensional or three-dimensional movements |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19734613A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999008227A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000008593A3 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2000-05-25 | Thomas Teufel | Combined mouse |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6681045B1 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 2004-01-20 | Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd | Method and system for note taking |
| DE10354747A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-08-04 | Fachhochschule Lübeck Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Control system for microscopes |
| DE102019208881A1 (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device and method for determining a surface condition of a roadway on or to be driven on by a vehicle |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4260979A (en) * | 1979-12-31 | 1981-04-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Apparatus for sensing non-coded images |
| US5444193A (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1995-08-22 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Pen input device |
| US5652412A (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1997-07-29 | Sia Technology Corp. | Pen and paper information recording system |
-
1997
- 1997-08-09 DE DE19734613A patent/DE19734613A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-08-07 WO PCT/DE1998/002272 patent/WO1999008227A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4260979A (en) * | 1979-12-31 | 1981-04-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Apparatus for sensing non-coded images |
| US5444193A (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1995-08-22 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Pen input device |
| US5652412A (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1997-07-29 | Sia Technology Corp. | Pen and paper information recording system |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000008593A3 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2000-05-25 | Thomas Teufel | Combined mouse |
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|---|---|
| DE19734613A1 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
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