WO1999067873A1 - Vehicle alternator in particular for motor vehicle comprising a passage for engine cooling fluid circulation - Google Patents
Vehicle alternator in particular for motor vehicle comprising a passage for engine cooling fluid circulation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999067873A1 WO1999067873A1 PCT/FR1999/001523 FR9901523W WO9967873A1 WO 1999067873 A1 WO1999067873 A1 WO 1999067873A1 FR 9901523 W FR9901523 W FR 9901523W WO 9967873 A1 WO9967873 A1 WO 9967873A1
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- Prior art keywords
- alternator
- alternator according
- heating
- plate
- passage
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
- F02N19/04—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
- F02N19/10—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines by heating of engine coolants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
- H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
- F01P2060/18—Heater
- F01P2060/185—Heater for alternators or generators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to motor vehicle alternators of the type comprising a passage for the circulation of the engine coolant and means for heating by Joule effect of this fluid.
- One solution for this purpose consists in integrating the alternator into the cooling loop of the heat engine, the body of the alternator comprising a cooling passage in which the liquid from the cooling circuit of said heat engine circulates.
- This solution has the advantage of making it possible to use the alternator for heating the heat engine when the vehicle is started.
- the temperature rise of a heat engine when starting the vehicle must be done as quickly as possible, the degree of pollution and the operating noise being appreciably affected by an operating temperature that is too low, a temperature rise fast also allowing hot air to be quickly available for heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the recovery of the calories released by the alternator via the cooling circuit which passes through it accelerates the rise in temperature of the heat engine. This is indeed often very slow. This is particularly the case for cold starts of engines which have good efficiency such as turbo diesel engines with direct injection.
- heating elements are helically wound elements which are, for example, immersed in the cooling circuit or embedded in the body of the alternator or even encapsulated in a flat shell pressed against the body of the alternator or directly in contact with the liquid. .
- the invention for its part, provides an architecture of alternators with additional heating elements which is of greater simplicity, in particular of assembly, and of a lower production cost than in the case of the architectures described in the abovementioned patent applications. .
- an alternator for a motor vehicle of the type comprising a body which has at least one internal passage for a coolant, said passage being intended to be connected to the cooling circuit of the combustion engine of the vehicle, said alternator comprising in addition to Joule effect heating means, which are arranged adjacent to the internal passage and make it possible to accelerate the rise in temperature of said coolant when the vehicle is started, characterized in that said heating means comprise a plate which comprises a metallic sole and a conductive circuit which is carried by said sole being electrically isolated from it and which defines resistive means which carry out heating by the Joule effect.
- the circuit carried by the metal sole is a printed circuit, for example screen printed;
- the printed circuit carries components; - the printed circuit carries MOSFET transistors for controlling the supply of resistors,
- the printed circuit carries connection means making it possible in particular to connect the resistors to the phases of the alternator
- the resistive means comprise three resistors which are mounted in a star and which are intended to be connected to the different phases of the alternator by said means connection means and the supply of these resistors is controlled by MOSFET transistors whose sources are connected to the common point of the star assembly, - the passage in which the coolant circulates has an opening and said opening is closed by the soleplate metallic ,
- the metal soleplate is pressed against a wall of the body and heats the coolant by conduction through said wall, the plate is of generally planar shape,
- the plate is curved in shape and follows the shape of the body of the alternator
- the resistive means comprise three resistors which are mounted in a star and which are connected to the different phases of the alternator and the supply of these resistors is controlled by MOSFET transistors whose sources are connected to the common point of the star assembly,
- the alternator includes means for modulating the heat generated by the resistive means; each resistance connected to a phase comprises several resistive elements mounted in parallel and switches make it possible to independently control said resistive elements,
- a resistor connected to a phase comprises two such resistive elements mounted in parallel and the resistive value of one of these elements and double that of the other of these elements,
- the alternator includes a management module carried by the heating plate, - the management module comprises means for activating the heating means when an alternator operating fault, such as a load break or a malfunction in the excitation such as short circuit, open circuit or regulation too high, is detected; - the alternator includes a temperature probe connected to the management module to control the temperature of the coolant.
- an alternator operating fault such as a load break or a malfunction in the excitation such as short circuit, open circuit or regulation too high
- FIGS. 1 to 4 are schematic sectional illustrations illustrating for several possible embodiments the arrangement of the heating element relative to the bearing of the alternator;
- FIG. 5a is a top view illustrating a possible configuration for a heating plate of an alternator of the type of those shown in Figures 1 and 2;
- FIG. 5b is a side view of the heating plate of Figure 5a;
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a possible circuit for supplying the heating elements of the heating plate of Figures 5a and 5b;
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another possible circuit for supplying the heating elements of the heating plate of Figures 5a and 5b.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 show in a simplified manner the bodies C of mainly cylindrical shape of rear bearings of alternators.
- These bodies C are made of aluminum and have in their thickness annular passages R which extend substantially over their entire periphery and in which the cooling water of the heat engines associated with said alternators is intended to circulate.
- These bodies C each carry heating plates P which incorporate heating elements intended to supply calories to the water circulating in passage R to accelerate the rise in temperature of the coolant when starting the heat engine.
- these heating plates P are flat plates attached to extra thicknesses S presented by the bodies C.
- the cooling passage R has an opening at the level of the extra thickness S and this opening is closed by the plate P.
- Said plate P is therefore directly in contact with the cooling water which circulates in the passage P.
- a seal E makes it possible to seal the closure made by the plate P.
- the plate P is in contact with the wall of the body C and heats the coolant by conduction through the aluminum of said wall.
- the plates P are curved plates so as to match the geometry of the bearing.
- the body C has an opening which is closed by the plate P, while in the example of Figure 4, the plate P indirectly heats the coolant through the aluminum of the body vs.
- the fixing of the heating plate P on the body C of the bearing can be done by any means and in particular by gluing, screwing, riveting, welding, stirring, elastic fixing, etc.
- screws V in FIG. 4
- thermal bridges PT crossing the cooling passage R to connect the internal and external walls which delimit this passage.
- It could also advantageously be produced by a metal / metal weld, in which case, in the case where the plates are in direct contact with the cooling water, the seal E is no longer necessary.
- This solution is preferred insofar as it makes it possible to free up a place on the plate P which, in particular in the case of screwing or riveting, would be used for fixing.
- the thermal coupling between the plate P and the aluminum of the body C is made by means of a thermally conductive material such as a grease. filled with silicone, a film material of the type sold under the name SILPAD
- a heating plate P comprises a metal sole 1, one face of which is intended to be in contact with the coolant or with the aluminum of the body C and the other side of which carries the substrate 2 of a printed circuit board on which are installed on the one hand three heating resistors 11, 12, 13 and on the other hand several components of a circuit for controlling and the supply of said resistors
- This soleplate 1 is preferably made of stainless steel but it can also be made of other steels or copper, iron, aluminum or generally any other alloy including or not one or more ferrous metals
- the edge of the sole 1 has for example a plurality of fixing holes 10
- the face of the soleplate 1 which is directly in contact with the coolant is advantageously protected by a surface treatment, such as nickel plating.
- the card 2 is by example screen printed directly on the metal substrate
- the heating plate can be produced by hot pressing of several conductive layers on the metal soleplate 1
- resistive value of elements 11, 12 and 13 is chosen to make it possible to dissipate by Joule effect the power necessary for the production of the calories sought, for example to dissipate 1000W at 14V
- these resistors 11 to 13 are connected in a star at a point common to their opposite ends, they are connected by terminals 5, 6 and 7 (pins or studs or ' wires or lugs) to the three phases of the alternator.
- Card 2 carries three MOSFET switches 3 which make it possible to control the supply of resistors 1 1 to 13 to each other.
- the card 2 includes a control module 4 which manages the supply of the resistors and the energy transferred to the water:
- This module 4 is connected to terminals 5, 6 and 7 corresponding to the three phases of the alternator and to outputs A and B.
- the card 2 further carries input / output ports 8 and 9 making it possible to connect said module 4 to the regulator of the alternator and to the engine control of the vehicle.
- the card 2 carries an integrated temperature probe 14 which is connected to the module 4 and which allows its control and protection.
- This temperature probe is screen printed or brazed. It controls the temperature of the coolant and protects the plate, especially in the absence of water circulation in passage R.
- This probe also protects the diode bridge against excessively high temperatures.
- the temperature information that it makes it possible to read is used by the module 4 in order to best adjust the voltage at the terminals of the alternator as required and in particular as a function of the water temperature of cooling of the heat engine.
- the module 4 is advantageously covered by a plastic case ensuring the protection of the electrically active elements.
- the heating resistors are supplied by three-phase alternating current at the output of the alternator and upstream of the diode bridge.
- heating resistors could also be mounted in a triangle.
- the star mounting allows mounting the MOSFET 3 transistors with a common source which allows to have a single command for the three switches.
- the resistors 1 1 to 13 are supplied by the current at the output of the alternator, the energy dissipated by the Joule effect in said resistors produces a sharp rise in temperature on the face of the card 2 which is in contact with the soleplate 1
- the heat diffuses in the thickness of said soleplate 1 then is transferred to the coolant either by convection, if the liquid circulates passing over said soleplate, or by conduction through the aluminum of the body C in other cases
- the resistors 11 to 13 advantageously comprise several resistive elements mounted in parallel, the power supply of which is controlled by several separate switches.
- An example of assembly is illustrated in FIG. 7 In this assembly, provision is made for each phase two resistive elements, one of which has a resistive value twice that of the other (resistance r on the one hand and resistance consisting of two resistors r in parallel on the other hand) These two resistive elements are each controlled by a independent switch
- modulation levels for the current flowing in the resistors 11 to 13 There are thus four modulation levels for the current flowing in the resistors 11 to 13
- the modulation of the current in the said resistors 11 to 13 can also be achieved by modulating the conduction times of the MOSFET switches (pulse width modulated control (PWM) ) for example)
- PWM pulse width modulated control
- the alternator heating module is activated, which contributes to limit the value of the overvoltage across the alternator This allows less energy to be dissipated in the diodes, demagnetizes the alternator faster and protects the heating control MOSFETs This activation of the heating module is superimposed on the processing usual for this type of event
- a second degraded mode which can be attenuated by the activation of the heating means is that of the malfunction of the alternator excitation circuit, which can lead to a high voltage on the vehicle's on-board network.
- the heating module is then advantageously activated It then helps to limit the increase in on-board voltage and to protect on-board equipment
- alternators performing other functions such as the starting function of the heat engine of a motor vehicle called altemo-starter
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
ALTERNATEUR DE VEHICULE NOTAMMENT AUTOMOBILE VEHICLE ALTERNATOR, PARTICULARLY A MOTOR VEHICLE
DU TYPE COMPORTANT UN PASSAGE POUR LA CIRCULATION DUOF THE TYPE COMPRISING A PASSAGE FOR THE CIRCULATION OF
FLUIDE DE REFROIDISSEMENT DU MOTEURENGINE COOLING FLUID
La présente invention est relative aux alternateurs de véhicule automobile du type comportant un passage pour la circulation du fluide de refroidissement du moteur et des moyens pour le chauffage par effet joule de ce fluide.The present invention relates to motor vehicle alternators of the type comprising a passage for the circulation of the engine coolant and means for heating by Joule effect of this fluid.
On sait qu'il est souhaitable de refroidir les alternateurs de véhicule automobile pour augmenter leurs performances et leur permettre de fonctionner dans des environnements correspondant à des températures élevées.We know that it is desirable to cool motor vehicle alternators to increase their performance and allow them to operate in environments corresponding to high temperatures.
Une solution à cet effet consiste à intégrer l'alternateur dans la boucle de refroidissement du moteur thermique, le corps de l'alternateur comportant un passage de refroidissement dans lequel circule le liquide du circuit de refroidissement dudit moteur thermique.One solution for this purpose consists in integrating the alternator into the cooling loop of the heat engine, the body of the alternator comprising a cooling passage in which the liquid from the cooling circuit of said heat engine circulates.
Cette solution présente l'avantage de permettre d'utiliser l'alternateur pour le chauffage du moteur thermique au démarrage du véhicule. On sait en effet que la mise en température d'un moteur thermique au démarrage du véhicule doit se faire aussi rapidement que possible, le degré de pollution et le bruit de fonctionnement étant sensiblement affectés par une température de fonctionnement trop basse, une mise en température rapide permettant également de disposer rapidement d'air chaud pour le chauffage de l'habitacle du véhicule. La récupération des calories dégagées par l'alternateur par l'intermédiaire du circuit de refroidissement qui le traverse permet d'accélérer la montée en température du moteur thermique. Celle-ci est en effet souvent très lente. C'est notamment le cas pour les démarrages à froid de moteurs qui possèdent un bon rendement tels que les moteurs turbo diesel à injection directe. Toutefois, le seul apport des calories de l'alternateur est souvent insuffisant et il a récemment été proposé par la demanderesse des structures d'alternateur intégrant des moyens électriques de chauffage par effet Joule qui permettent d'accélérer encore la montée en température du liquide de refroidissement. On pourra à cet égard avantageusement se référer aux demandes de brevet FR 96 06408 et FR 96 06409.This solution has the advantage of making it possible to use the alternator for heating the heat engine when the vehicle is started. We know that the temperature rise of a heat engine when starting the vehicle must be done as quickly as possible, the degree of pollution and the operating noise being appreciably affected by an operating temperature that is too low, a temperature rise fast also allowing hot air to be quickly available for heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The recovery of the calories released by the alternator via the cooling circuit which passes through it accelerates the rise in temperature of the heat engine. This is indeed often very slow. This is particularly the case for cold starts of engines which have good efficiency such as turbo diesel engines with direct injection. However, the only contribution of calories from the alternator is often insufficient and it has recently been proposed by the applicant for alternator structures incorporating electrical heating means by Joule effect which make it possible to further accelerate the rise in temperature of the cooling liquid. In this regard, it is advantageous to refer to patent applications FR 96 06408 and FR 96 06409.
Ces deux demandes de brevet décrivent des architectures d'alternateurs à éléments chauffants additionnels dans lesquelles ces éléments chauffants sont alimentés par le courant alternatif triphasé de l'alternateur.These two patent applications describe architectures of alternators with additional heating elements in which these heating elements are supplied by the three-phase alternating current of the alternator.
Ces éléments chauffants sont des éléments bobinés en hélice qui sont par exemple immergés dans le circuit de refroidissement ou noyés dans le corps de l'alternateur ou encore encapsulés dans une coque plane plaquée sur le corps de l'alternateur ou directement en contact avec le liquide.These heating elements are helically wound elements which are, for example, immersed in the cooling circuit or embedded in the body of the alternator or even encapsulated in a flat shell pressed against the body of the alternator or directly in contact with the liquid. .
L'invention propose quant à elle une architecture d'alternateurs à éléments chauffants additionnels qui est d'une plus grande simplicité, notamment de montage, et d'un coût de réalisation moindre que dans le cas des architectures décrites dans les demandes de brevets précitées.The invention, for its part, provides an architecture of alternators with additional heating elements which is of greater simplicity, in particular of assembly, and of a lower production cost than in the case of the architectures described in the abovementioned patent applications. .
Plus particulièrement, elle propose un alternateur pour véhicule automobile du type comportant un corps qui présente au moins un passage interne pour un liquide de refroidissement, ledit passage étant destiné à être relié au circuit de refroidissement du moteur à combustion du véhicule, ledit alternateur comportant en outre des moyens de chauffage par effet Joule, qui sont disposés de façon adjacente au passage interne et permettent d'accélérer la montée en température dudit liquide de refroidissement au démarrage du véhicule, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de chauffage comportent une plaque qui comprend une semelle métallique et un circuit conducteur qui est porté par ladite semelle en étant électriquement isolé de celle-ci et qui définit des moyens résistifs qui réalisent le chauffage par effet Joule.More particularly, it provides an alternator for a motor vehicle of the type comprising a body which has at least one internal passage for a coolant, said passage being intended to be connected to the cooling circuit of the combustion engine of the vehicle, said alternator comprising in addition to Joule effect heating means, which are arranged adjacent to the internal passage and make it possible to accelerate the rise in temperature of said coolant when the vehicle is started, characterized in that said heating means comprise a plate which comprises a metallic sole and a conductive circuit which is carried by said sole being electrically isolated from it and which defines resistive means which carry out heating by the Joule effect.
Cet alternateur est avantageusement complété par les différentes caractéristiques suivantes prises seules ou selon toutes leurs combinaisons possibles :This alternator is advantageously supplemented by the following different characteristics taken alone or in all their possible combinations:
- le circuit porté par la semelle métallique est un circuit imprimé, par exemple sérigraphié ;- The circuit carried by the metal sole is a printed circuit, for example screen printed;
- le circuit imprimé porte des composants ; - le circuit imprimé porte des transistors MOSFET pour la commande de l'alimentation des résistances ,- the printed circuit carries components; - the printed circuit carries MOSFET transistors for controlling the supply of resistors,
- le circuit imprimé porte des moyens de connexion permettant notamment de relier les résistances aux phases de l'alternateur , - les moyens résistifs comportent trois résistances qui sont montées en étoile et qui sont destinées à être reliées aux différentes phases de l'alternateur par lesdits moyens de connexion et l'alimentation de ces résistances est commandée par des transistors MOSFET dont les sources sont reliées au point commun du montage en étoile , - le passage dans lequel circule le liquide de refroidissement présente une ouverture et ladite ouverture est fermée par la semelle métallique ,- the printed circuit carries connection means making it possible in particular to connect the resistors to the phases of the alternator, - the resistive means comprise three resistors which are mounted in a star and which are intended to be connected to the different phases of the alternator by said means connection means and the supply of these resistors is controlled by MOSFET transistors whose sources are connected to the common point of the star assembly, - the passage in which the coolant circulates has an opening and said opening is closed by the soleplate metallic ,
- la semelle métallique est plaquée contre une paroi du corps et chauffe le liquide de refroidissement par conduction à travers ladite paroi , - la plaque est de forme générale plane ,the metal soleplate is pressed against a wall of the body and heats the coolant by conduction through said wall, the plate is of generally planar shape,
- la plaque est de forme incurvée et épouse la forme du corps de l'alternateur ;- The plate is curved in shape and follows the shape of the body of the alternator;
- les moyens résistifs comportent trois résistances qui sont montées en étoile et qui sont reliées aux différentes phases de l'alternateur et l'alimentation de ces résistances est commandée par des transistors MOSFET dont les sources sont reliées au point commun du montage en étoile ,the resistive means comprise three resistors which are mounted in a star and which are connected to the different phases of the alternator and the supply of these resistors is controlled by MOSFET transistors whose sources are connected to the common point of the star assembly,
- l'alternateur comporte des moyens pour moduler la chaleur générée par les moyens résistifs ; - chaque résistance reliée à une phase comporte plusieurs éléments résistifs montés en parallèle et des interrupteurs permettent de commander indépendamment lesdits éléments résistifs ,- The alternator includes means for modulating the heat generated by the resistive means; each resistance connected to a phase comprises several resistive elements mounted in parallel and switches make it possible to independently control said resistive elements,
- une résistance reliée à une phase comporte deux tels éléments résistifs montés en parallèle et la valeur résistive de l'un de ces éléments et le double de celle de l'autre de ces éléments ,a resistor connected to a phase comprises two such resistive elements mounted in parallel and the resistive value of one of these elements and double that of the other of these elements,
- l'alternateur comporte un module de gestion porté par la plaque de chauffage , - le module de gestion comporte des moyens pour activer les moyens de chauffage lorsqu'un défaut de fonctionnement de l'alternateur, tel qu'une rupture de charge ou un disfonctionnement dans l'excitation tel que court-circuit, circuit ouvert ou régulation trop élevée, est détecté ; - l'alternateur comporte une sonde de température reliée au module de gestion permettant de contrôler la température du liquide de refroidissement.- the alternator includes a management module carried by the heating plate, - the management module comprises means for activating the heating means when an alternator operating fault, such as a load break or a malfunction in the excitation such as short circuit, open circuit or regulation too high, is detected; - the alternator includes a temperature probe connected to the management module to control the temperature of the coolant.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description qui suit. Cette description est purement illustrative et non limitative. Elle doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows. This description is purely illustrative and not limiting. It must be read in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:
- les figures 1 à 4 sont des représentations schématiques en coupe illustrant pour plusieurs variantes de réalisation possibles la disposition de l'élément chauffant par rapport au palier de l'alternateur ; - la figure 5a est une vue de dessus illustrant une configuration possible pour une plaque de chauffage d'un alternateur du type de ceux représentés sur les figures 1 et 2 ;- Figures 1 to 4 are schematic sectional illustrations illustrating for several possible embodiments the arrangement of the heating element relative to the bearing of the alternator; - Figure 5a is a top view illustrating a possible configuration for a heating plate of an alternator of the type of those shown in Figures 1 and 2;
- la figure 5b est une vue de côté de la plaque de chauffage de la figure 5a ; - la figure 6 est un schéma illustrant un circuit possible pour l'alimentation des éléments chauffants de la plaque de chauffage des figures 5a et 5b ;- Figure 5b is a side view of the heating plate of Figure 5a; - Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a possible circuit for supplying the heating elements of the heating plate of Figures 5a and 5b;
- la figure 7 est un schéma illustrant un autre circuit possible pour l'alimentation des éléments chauffants de la plaque de chauffage des figures 5a et 5b.- Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating another possible circuit for supplying the heating elements of the heating plate of Figures 5a and 5b.
On a représenté de façon simplifiée sur les figures 1 à 4 les corps C de forme principalement cylindrique de paliers arrières d'alternateurs.FIGS. 1 to 4 show in a simplified manner the bodies C of mainly cylindrical shape of rear bearings of alternators.
Ces corps C sont en aluminium et présentent dans leur épaisseur des passages annulaires R qui s'étendent sensiblement sur tout leur pourtour et dans lesquels l'eau de refroidissement des moteurs thermiques associés auxdits alternateurs est destinée à circuler.These bodies C are made of aluminum and have in their thickness annular passages R which extend substantially over their entire periphery and in which the cooling water of the heat engines associated with said alternators is intended to circulate.
Ces corps C portent chacun des plaques de chauffage P qui intègrent des éléments chauffants destinés à apporter des calories à l'eau circulant dans le passage R pour accélérer la montée en température du liquide de refroidissement lors d'un démarrage du moteur thermique.These bodies C each carry heating plates P which incorporate heating elements intended to supply calories to the water circulating in passage R to accelerate the rise in temperature of the coolant when starting the heat engine.
Sur les figures 1 et 2, ces plaques de chauffage P sont des plaques planes rapportées sur des surépaisseurs S que présentent les corps C. Dans l'exemple de la figure 1 , le passage de refroidissement R présente une ouverture au niveau de la surépaisseur S et cette ouverture est fermée par la plaque P. Ladite plaque P est donc directement en contact avec l'eau de refroidissement qui circule dans le passage P. Un joint E permet d'assurer l'étanchéité de la fermeture que réalise la plaque P. Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, la plaque P est en contact avec la paroi du corps C et réchauffe le liquide de refroidissement par conduction à travers l'aluminium de ladite paroi.In FIGS. 1 and 2, these heating plates P are flat plates attached to extra thicknesses S presented by the bodies C. In the example of FIG. 1, the cooling passage R has an opening at the level of the extra thickness S and this opening is closed by the plate P. Said plate P is therefore directly in contact with the cooling water which circulates in the passage P. A seal E makes it possible to seal the closure made by the plate P. In the example of FIG. 2, the plate P is in contact with the wall of the body C and heats the coolant by conduction through the aluminum of said wall.
Sur les figures 3 et 4, les plaques P sont des plaques incurvées de façon à épouser la géométrie du palier. Dans l'exemple de la figure 3, le corps C présente une ouverture qui est fermée par la plaque P, tandis que dans l'exemple de la figure 4, la plaque P chauffe indirectement le liquide de refroidissement à travers l'aluminium du corps C.In FIGS. 3 and 4, the plates P are curved plates so as to match the geometry of the bearing. In the example of Figure 3, the body C has an opening which is closed by the plate P, while in the example of Figure 4, the plate P indirectly heats the coolant through the aluminum of the body vs.
La fixation de la plaque de chauffage P sur le corps C du palier peut se faire par tous moyens et notamment par collage, vissage, rivetage, soudage, brassage, fixation élastique, etc. Pour un vissage efficace, il est possible d'engager les vis (V sur le figure 4) dans des ponts thermiques PT traversant le passage de refroidissement R pour relier les parois interne et externe qui délimitent ce passage. Elle pourrait également avantageusement être réalisée par une soudure métal/métal, auquel cas, dans le cas où les plaques sont en contact direct avec l'eau de refroidissement, le joint E n'est plus nécessaire. Cette solution est préférée dans la mesure où elle permet de libérer sur la plaque P une place qui, notamment dans le cas de vissage ou de rivetage, serait utilisée pour la fixation.The fixing of the heating plate P on the body C of the bearing can be done by any means and in particular by gluing, screwing, riveting, welding, stirring, elastic fixing, etc. For efficient screwing, it is possible to engage the screws (V in FIG. 4) in thermal bridges PT crossing the cooling passage R to connect the internal and external walls which delimit this passage. It could also advantageously be produced by a metal / metal weld, in which case, in the case where the plates are in direct contact with the cooling water, the seal E is no longer necessary. This solution is preferred insofar as it makes it possible to free up a place on the plate P which, in particular in the case of screwing or riveting, would be used for fixing.
Egalement, dans les cas où un joint E est nécessaire, celui-ci peut être prémonté sur la plaque P, celle-ci étant livrée avec ledit joint E pour être montée sur le corps C de l'alternateur. Il est aussi possible d'utiliser un joint colle qui ne nécessite pas de réaliser une gorge sur le pourtour de la plaqueAlso, in cases where a seal E is required, it can be pre-assembled on the plate P, the latter being delivered with said seal E to be mounted on the body C of the alternator. It is also possible to use a glue joint which does not require making a groove on the periphery of the plate
Dans les cas ou la plaque P n'est pas en contact direct avec le liquide de refroidissement, le couplage thermique entre la plaque P et l'aluminium du corps C se fait par l'intermédiaire d'un matériau thermoconducteur tel qu'une graisse chargée en silicone, matériau en film du type de ceux commercialisés sous la dénomination SILPADIn cases where the plate P is not in direct contact with the coolant, the thermal coupling between the plate P and the aluminum of the body C is made by means of a thermally conductive material such as a grease. filled with silicone, a film material of the type sold under the name SILPAD
Ainsi que l'illustrent les figures 5a et 5b dans le cas d'une plaque plane, une plaque P de chauffage comporte une semelle métallique 1 , dont une face est destinée à être en contact avec le liquide de refroidissement ou avec l'aluminium du corps C et dont l'autre face porte le substrat 2 d'une carte à circuit imprimé sur laquelle sont implantées d'une part trois résistances de chauffage 11 , 12, 13 et d'autre part plusieurs composants d'un circuit pour la commande et l'alimentation desdites résistances Cette semelle 1 est préférentiellement en un acier inoxydable mais elle peut également être en d'autres aciers ou en cuivre, en fer, en aluminium ou de façon générale en tout autre alliage incluant ou non un ou plusieurs métaux ferreuxAs illustrated in FIGS. 5a and 5b in the case of a flat plate, a heating plate P comprises a metal sole 1, one face of which is intended to be in contact with the coolant or with the aluminum of the body C and the other side of which carries the substrate 2 of a printed circuit board on which are installed on the one hand three heating resistors 11, 12, 13 and on the other hand several components of a circuit for controlling and the supply of said resistors This soleplate 1 is preferably made of stainless steel but it can also be made of other steels or copper, iron, aluminum or generally any other alloy including or not one or more ferrous metals
Le bord de la semelle 1 présente par exemple une pluralité de trous de fixation 10The edge of the sole 1 has for example a plurality of fixing holes 10
Dans le cas de structures du type de celles des figures 1 et 3, la face de la semelle 1 qui est directement en contact avec le liquide de refroidissement est avantageusement protégée par un traitement de surface, tel qu'un nickelage La carte 2 est par exemple sérigraphiée directement sur le substrat métalliqueIn the case of structures of the type of those of FIGS. 1 and 3, the face of the soleplate 1 which is directly in contact with the coolant is advantageously protected by a surface treatment, such as nickel plating. The card 2 is by example screen printed directly on the metal substrate
En variante, la plaque de chauffage peut être réalisée par pressage à chaud de plusieurs couches conductrices sur la semelle métallique 1As a variant, the heating plate can be produced by hot pressing of several conductive layers on the metal soleplate 1
La valeur résistive des éléments 11 , 12 et 13 est choisie pour permettre de dissiper par effet joule la puissance nécessaire à la production des calories recherchées, par exemple pour dissiper 1000W sous 14VThe resistive value of elements 11, 12 and 13 is chosen to make it possible to dissipate by Joule effect the power necessary for the production of the calories sought, for example to dissipate 1000W at 14V
Ainsi qu'on peut le voir notamment sur la figure 5a et la figure 6, ces résistances 11 à 13 sont reliées en étoile à un point commun A leurs extrémités opposées, elles sont reliées par des bornes 5, 6 et 7 (broches ou plots ou'fils ou cosses) aux trois phases de l'alternateur. La carte 2 porte trois interrupteurs MOSFET 3 qui permettent de commander l'alimentation des résistances 1 1 à 13 les unes aux autres. La carte 2 comprend un module de commande 4 qui gère l'alimentation des résistances et l'énergie transférée à l'eau :As can be seen in particular in FIG. 5a and FIG. 6, these resistors 11 to 13 are connected in a star at a point common to their opposite ends, they are connected by terminals 5, 6 and 7 (pins or studs or ' wires or lugs) to the three phases of the alternator. Card 2 carries three MOSFET switches 3 which make it possible to control the supply of resistors 1 1 to 13 to each other. The card 2 includes a control module 4 which manages the supply of the resistors and the energy transferred to the water:
Ce module 4 est connecté aux bornes 5, 6 et 7 correspondant aux trois phases de l'alternateur et aux sorties A et B.This module 4 is connected to terminals 5, 6 and 7 corresponding to the three phases of the alternator and to outputs A and B.
La carte 2 porte en outre des ports d'entrée/sortie 8 et 9 permettant de relier ledit module 4 au régulateur de l'alternateur et au contrôle moteur du véhicule.The card 2 further carries input / output ports 8 and 9 making it possible to connect said module 4 to the regulator of the alternator and to the engine control of the vehicle.
En outre, la carte 2 porte une sonde de température intégrée 14 qui est reliée au module 4 et qui permet son contrôle et sa protection.In addition, the card 2 carries an integrated temperature probe 14 which is connected to the module 4 and which allows its control and protection.
Cette sonde de température est sérigraphiée ou brasée. Elle permet de contrôler la température du liquide de refroidissement et assure la protection de la plaque notamment en absence de circulation d'eau dans le passage R.This temperature probe is screen printed or brazed. It controls the temperature of the coolant and protects the plate, especially in the absence of water circulation in passage R.
Cette sonde permet également de protéger le pont de diodes contre des températures trop élevées. En outre, l'information de température qu'elle permet de relever est utilisée par le module 4 afin d'ajuster au mieux la tension aux bornes de l'alternateur en fonction des besoins et notamment en fonction de la température de l'eau de refroidissement du moteur thermique.This probe also protects the diode bridge against excessively high temperatures. In addition, the temperature information that it makes it possible to read is used by the module 4 in order to best adjust the voltage at the terminals of the alternator as required and in particular as a function of the water temperature of cooling of the heat engine.
Le module 4 est avantageusement couvert par un boîtier en plastique assurant la protection des éléments actifs électriquement.The module 4 is advantageously covered by a plastic case ensuring the protection of the electrically active elements.
Comme on l'aura compris, avec la structure qui vient d'être décrite, les résistances de chauffage sont alimentées par le courant alternatif triphasé en sortie de l'alternateur et en amont du pont de diodes.As will be understood, with the structure which has just been described, the heating resistors are supplied by three-phase alternating current at the output of the alternator and upstream of the diode bridge.
Bien entendu, les résistances de chauffage pourraient également être montées en triangle.Of course, the heating resistors could also be mounted in a triangle.
Toutefois, le montage en étoile permet de monter les transistors MOSFET 3 avec une source commune ce qui permet d'avoir une commande unique pour les trois interrupteurs. Lorsque les résistances 1 1 a 13 sont alimentées par le courant en sortie de l'alternateur, l'énergie dissipée par effet joule dans lesdites résistances produit une forte élévation de température sur la face de la carte 2 qui est en contact avec la semelle 1 La chaleur diffuse dans l'épaisseur de ladite semelle 1 puis est transférée au liquide de refroidissement soit par convection, si le liquide circule en passant sur ladite semelle, soit par conduction à travers l'aluminium du corps C dans les autres casHowever, the star mounting allows mounting the MOSFET 3 transistors with a common source which allows to have a single command for the three switches. When the resistors 1 1 to 13 are supplied by the current at the output of the alternator, the energy dissipated by the Joule effect in said resistors produces a sharp rise in temperature on the face of the card 2 which is in contact with the soleplate 1 The heat diffuses in the thickness of said soleplate 1 then is transferred to the coolant either by convection, if the liquid circulates passing over said soleplate, or by conduction through the aluminum of the body C in other cases
Pour contrôler la quantité de calories produites, les résistances 11 a 13 comportent avantageusement plusieurs éléments résistifs montés en parallèle, dont l'alimentation est commandée par plusieurs interrupteurs séparés Un exemple de montage est illustré sur la figure 7 Dans ce montage, il est prévu pour chaque phase deux éléments résistifs dont l'un à une valeur résistive double de celle de l'autre (résistance r d'une part et résistance constituée de deux résistances r en parallèle d'autre part) Ces deux éléments résistifs sont chacun commandé par un interrupteur indépendantTo control the quantity of calories produced, the resistors 11 to 13 advantageously comprise several resistive elements mounted in parallel, the power supply of which is controlled by several separate switches. An example of assembly is illustrated in FIG. 7 In this assembly, provision is made for each phase two resistive elements, one of which has a resistive value twice that of the other (resistance r on the one hand and resistance consisting of two resistors r in parallel on the other hand) These two resistive elements are each controlled by a independent switch
On dispose ainsi de quatre niveaux de modulation pour le courant circulant dans les résistances 11 à 13 La modulation du courant dans lesdites résistances 11 à 13 peut également être réalisée par modulation des temps de conduction des interrupteurs MOSFET (commande par impulsions à largeur modulée (PWM) par exemple)There are thus four modulation levels for the current flowing in the resistors 11 to 13 The modulation of the current in the said resistors 11 to 13 can also be achieved by modulating the conduction times of the MOSFET switches (pulse width modulated control (PWM) ) for example)
On notera qu'une modulation sur quatre niveaux est en générale suffisante pour les applications envisagées Si le besoin se fait sentir d'un réglage de puissance plus précis, on peut combiner les deux techniques de modulation ci-dessus exposéesIt will be noted that a modulation on four levels is generally sufficient for the applications envisaged. If the need arises for a more precise power adjustment, the two modulation techniques described above can be combined.
Egalement, ainsi qu'illustré sur la figure 4, dans le cas d'une plaque P incurvée, il est possible de prolonger cette plaque par une extension plane EP destinée à la fixation de composants plans On peut également réaliser des compensations par des joints de brasureAlso, as illustrated in FIG. 4, in the case of a curved plate P, it is possible to extend this plate by a planar extension EP intended for the fixing of planar components. It is also possible to compensate by joints of solder
Egalement, afin d'améliorer l'échange thermique dans le cas d'une plaque P directement en contact avec l'eau, il est possible d'envisager de fixer sur ladite plaque une deuxième plaque portant des ailettes formant échaπgeur de chaleur Cette solution permet d éviter d'avoir à réaliser des ailettes directement sur la plaque P Cette plaque supplémentaire peut être fixée par vissage Par ailleurs, indépendamment de la structure des moyens de chauffage de l'alternateur, ceux-ci peuvent avantageusement être utilises pour gérer les modes de fonctionnement dégrades, notamment les cas de rupture de chargeAlso, in order to improve the heat exchange in the case of a P plate directly in contact with water, it is possible to consider fix on said plate a second plate carrying fins forming a heat exchanger This solution makes it possible to avoid having to produce fins directly on plate P This additional plate can be fixed by screwing Furthermore, independently of the structure of the heating means of the alternator, these can advantageously be used to manage degraded operating modes, in particular cases of load break
En rupture de charge, les diodes du pont redresseur sont sollicitées en avalanche et une surtension maximum de 35V se produit sur le réseau Lorsque cette surtension est détectée par le module 4, le module de chauffage de l'alternateur est activé, ce qui contribue à limiter la valeur de la surtension aux bornes de l'alternateur Cela permet de dissiper moins d'énergie dans les diodes, de démagnétiser plus vite l'alternateur et de protéger les MOSFET de commande de chauffage Cette activation du module de chauffage se superpose au traitement habituel de ce type d'événementWhen the load is interrupted, the rectifier bridge diodes are requested in an avalanche and a maximum overvoltage of 35V occurs on the network. When this overvoltage is detected by module 4, the alternator heating module is activated, which contributes to limit the value of the overvoltage across the alternator This allows less energy to be dissipated in the diodes, demagnetizes the alternator faster and protects the heating control MOSFETs This activation of the heating module is superimposed on the processing usual for this type of event
Un second mode dégradé qui peut être atténué par l'activation des moyens de chauffage est celui du dysfonctionnement du circuit d'excitation de l'alternateur, qui peut conduire à une tension haute sur le réseau de bord du véhicule Le module de chauffage est alors avantageusement activé II contribue alors à limiter l'augmentation de la tension de bord et à protéger les équipements embarquésA second degraded mode which can be attenuated by the activation of the heating means is that of the malfunction of the alternator excitation circuit, which can lead to a high voltage on the vehicle's on-board network. The heating module is then advantageously activated It then helps to limit the increase in on-board voltage and to protect on-board equipment
Cette gestion des modes dégradés de l'alternateur permet une plus grande sécurité de fonctionnementThis management of degraded modes of the alternator allows greater operational safety
Bien entendu, la présente invention s'applique également à des alternateurs réalisant d'autres fonctions telle que la fonction démarrage du moteur thermique d'un véhicule automobile appelé altemo-démarreur Of course, the present invention also applies to alternators performing other functions such as the starting function of the heat engine of a motor vehicle called altemo-starter
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19981315T DE19981315T1 (en) | 1998-06-24 | 1999-06-24 | AC generator of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, with a passage for the circulation of the coolant of the engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR98/08021 | 1998-06-24 | ||
| FR9808021A FR2780575B1 (en) | 1998-06-24 | 1998-06-24 | VEHICLE ALTERNATOR, ESPECIALLY A MOTOR VEHICLE OF THE TYPE HAVING A PASSAGE FOR THE CIRCULATION OF THE ENGINE COOLING FLUID |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999067873A1 true WO1999067873A1 (en) | 1999-12-29 |
Family
ID=9527817
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1999/001523 Ceased WO1999067873A1 (en) | 1998-06-24 | 1999-06-24 | Vehicle alternator in particular for motor vehicle comprising a passage for engine cooling fluid circulation |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19981315T1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2780575B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999067873A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6696675B2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2004-02-24 | Tocco, Inc. | Induction heating system for internal combustion engine |
| US7055481B2 (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2006-06-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Cooling water heating via generator power losses |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4500772A (en) * | 1982-03-03 | 1985-02-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Combined liquid-cooled on-board network generator and heater for mobile vehicles |
| EP0485211A1 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-05-13 | Pifco Limited | Heating apparatus |
| GB2269980A (en) * | 1992-08-13 | 1994-03-02 | Ist Lab Ltd | Apparatus for heating liquid |
| GB2274915A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1994-08-10 | Ist Lab Ltd | An electrically heated oven |
-
1998
- 1998-06-24 FR FR9808021A patent/FR2780575B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-06-24 DE DE19981315T patent/DE19981315T1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-06-24 WO PCT/FR1999/001523 patent/WO1999067873A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4500772A (en) * | 1982-03-03 | 1985-02-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Combined liquid-cooled on-board network generator and heater for mobile vehicles |
| EP0485211A1 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-05-13 | Pifco Limited | Heating apparatus |
| GB2269980A (en) * | 1992-08-13 | 1994-03-02 | Ist Lab Ltd | Apparatus for heating liquid |
| GB2274915A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1994-08-10 | Ist Lab Ltd | An electrically heated oven |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6696675B2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2004-02-24 | Tocco, Inc. | Induction heating system for internal combustion engine |
| US6700105B2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2004-03-02 | Tocco, Inc. | Induction heating system and method for internal combustion engine |
| US7055481B2 (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2006-06-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Cooling water heating via generator power losses |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2780575A1 (en) | 1999-12-31 |
| DE19981315T1 (en) | 2000-09-21 |
| FR2780575B1 (en) | 2003-06-06 |
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