WO1999050943A1 - Protective sheath - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a protective sheath for longitudinally extended objects, especially cables, wiring harnesses, lines and the like. The protective sheath has an at least two-layer construction made of at least two textile layers. A first textile layer constructed of a synthetic fiber non-woven material is provided on the object which is to be protected. A second textile layer is arranged on the exterior of the first layer. Said second layer is constructed of a two-barrier knitted velour having velour loops which are arranged such that they point outward. Both textile layers are glued to one another at least in places.

Description

 Protection cover

The invention relates to a protective sheath, in particular for

Containment of rattling noises for cables, especially for

Cable harnesses, lines, strands, cladding tubes and the like , e.g. in motor vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1.

Cables, lines, cladding tubes and the like, which are laid in vehicles or systems, can generate so-called rattling noises due to the vibrations which usually occur in vehicles or in systems or machines. In addition, there is a risk that due to the vibrations, the cable insulation or line or pipe sheaths due to the vibratory movements and relative movements, in particular e.g. be rubbed or chafed on sheet metal edges in vehicles. Such problems arise e.g. both in land, water and in aircraft as well as in industrial plants or in mechanical engineering. (In the following, the word "cable harness" is often used as a representative for such elongated objects to be protected, without the invention being restricted thereby.

In order to avoid rattling noises, casings consisting of a polyurethane foam strip with a smooth polyurethane skin on the outside and a flat application of adhesive on the inside are known. The cable harnesses to be encased are glued to one half of the inside of the foam strip, then the other half of the polyurethane foam strip is folded over and connected with cables of the cable harness as well as with one half of the foam 2

Part of the fabric strip glued. This creates a flat tube element with a relatively smooth polyurethane outer skin. Such casings are easy to manufacture, but difficult to process. They therefore have disadvantages in practical use. On the one hand, a flat and relatively wide hose structure is created, which is difficult to install in the vehicle around corners and through narrow passages. In addition, the polyurethane outer skin does not withstand abrasion or abrasion; it is destroyed prematurely, in particular in motor vehicles, by contact with sharp sheet metal edges, so that rattling and abrasion protection is lost. In addition, the use of polyurethane foam material is disadvantageous in that, in the event of a fire, it releases toxic gases, e.g. Cyanide.

Protective jackets for electrical wiring harnesses in the form of corrugated pipes are also known, the corrugated pipes being made of hard, solid plastics. Such corrugated pipes are slotted over the entire length, so that the cables can be inserted individually through the slot. In order to prevent the hard plastic corrugated pipe from making rattling noises, it is covered with felt strips, the longitudinal edges of the felt strips also being inserted into the longitudinal slot for the purpose of fixing. The disadvantage here is that it requires a lot of work to insert the cables and the felt strip edges into a longitudinal slot of the corrugated tube. In addition, there is a risk that the felt edges slip out of the longitudinal slot again due to vibrations, so that the bond and thus the protection is lost. In addition, the cables are not fixed in the corrugated pipe, which can also result in noise.

From DE 295 10 907 U1 a protective sheath for cable harnesses is known, which has a felt or foam strip, the inside of which is covered with adhesive, the width of the felt or foam strip depending on the circumference of the 3

Cable harness is matched. On the outside of the felt or foam strip, an abrasion-resistant material web is attached, which is laterally offset with respect to the longitudinal extent of the felt or foam strip, so that it protrudes on one long side over the felt or foam strip, while on the opposite longitudinal edge The area of the felt or foam strip remains free. After being glued onto the object to be protected, the felt or foam strip is formed into a tube, the overlap of the material web overlapping over the joint area of the felt or foam tube and thus closing the longitudinal edge. The material web should preferably be made of a polyester fleece, the material web being connected to the felt or foam strip by partial or full-surface gluing, needling or sewing. The adhesive on the protrusion of the material web, with which the overlap of the felt or. Foam hose section should be closed, should be a self-adhesive glue, which is covered with a protective paper. Polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam or cellular rubber are to be used as the material for the foam strip.

A disadvantage of this known sheathing is that the foam strip or the felt strip must be adapted to the diameter of the elongated objects to be protected, for example cable harnesses, in such a way that the overlapping of the foam edges is ensured. Thus, differently dimensioned, precisely adapted jackets must be kept ready for different diameters. In addition, it is disadvantageous that the foam strip is relatively stiff and generates a relatively large outward restoring force in the tube shape, which exerts a correspondingly high tension on the flap closure. Particularly in the case of higher ambient temperatures and with narrower radii, there is a risk that the sheath will open, so that the protection is lost. In addition, it is also disadvantageous in this case that toxic 4 see gases. In addition, the element is relatively thick and stiff, so that the laying is impaired. In addition, removing the protective paper causes considerable effort and also creates disposal problems since the silicone paper is hazardous waste. In addition, assembly is extremely difficult, particularly in the case of longer sections. If the adhesive strips are damaged during assembly, the adhesive strength is no longer present.

From DE 297 11 387 Ul a casing for elongated objects is known, which can be used for different diameters of the objects to be encased. This sheathing has an inner foam strip and an outer fabric web, which is firmly connected to the foam strip and protrudes on both sides along the longitudinal edges of the foam strip, both protruding strips having an adhesive application on the inside of the protruding fabric edge. This adhesive application is covered with a protective paper. The fabric web is a loop fabric (not described in more detail), the loops being designed as adhesion or hooking partners for the hook members of a hook support element, so that the sheathing can be detachably connected to the hook support element in the manner of a Velcro fastener. To fasten the sheathing, for example to a wire harness, the sleeve is placed with a protruding fabric edge on a wire harness to be wrapped and pressed against the wire harness. The jacket is then wrapped around the cable harness until the full width of the foam strip surrounds the cable and overlaps if necessary. Subsequently, the protruding fabric edge, which is provided with adhesive, is pressed onto the outside of the fabric web already laid on the cable harness.

A disadvantage of this known casing is that protective paper must first be removed from the adhesive surfaces. In addition, the sheathing must be attached to the cable along the longitudinal edge of the sheathing 5 glued and then placed transversely to the longitudinal extent around the cable. This work is difficult with long cable harnesses if an even pressure is to be achieved at all points of the cable harness. The covering must be pulled taut along the entire length for gluing, which is not always successful. Furthermore, it is generally a disadvantage of foams that the foams withstand abrasion or rubbing loads relatively inadequately.

The object of the invention is to provide a protective sheathing, in particular for cables, wire harnesses, lines and the like, which effectively dampens rattling noises, is easy to assemble and in particular has a high resistance to abrasion or rubbing.

This object is achieved with a protective sheath with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

According to the invention, the protective sheathing is designed in the form of a winding tape with an essentially two-layer structure with two textile layers, the winding tape having a textile layer made of a non-woven fabric with respect to the object to be protected and a textile layer made of a textile material related to the object to be protected Has warp knit velor. The two textile layers are connected to one another by means of an adhesive bond, the adhesive preferably being applied in some areas, for example in the form of a heat-activated fleece or film. Both textile layers are made of synthetic fibers, in particular polyamide or polyester, the fleece preferably being a needle fleece. The outer textile layer in the form of a warp knit velor is preferably a two-bar warp knit velor with a knitted lower chain and an upper chain knitted into the lower chain, the upper chain forming highly roughened velor loops protruding outwards from the fabric or textile level. Such roughened suede loop goods are 6 when used as Velcro as a counterpart to so-called mushroom tapes. According to the invention, the roughened loops are made excessively high.

The protective sheath according to the invention is helically wound from a roll onto the object to be protected, the inner surface of the protective sheath which is covered with an adhesive layer being pulled firmly onto the object to be protected. The winding is wound with a slight overlap. According to the invention, the adhesive and the velor loop structure are aligned with one another in such a way that neither the adhesive layer nor the velor loops are adversely affected when unrolling from the roll. In addition, the adhesive is adapted in terms of its adhesive force to the bond between the textile layers in such a way that the rolling force from the roll is less than the force required to separate the two textile layers from one another.

The unrolling from a roll and the helical winding on a cable harness makes installation considerably easier. In addition, protective papers are not required. Furthermore, it has surprisingly been found that with the special arrangement and design of the textile layers, namely an inner non-woven layer, in particular needle-punched non-woven layer, and a warp knitted fabric velor layer arranged thereon, for example with partial bonding, in particular thermoplastic non-woven bonding Abrasion resistance is achieved that has not previously been achieved by any comparable protective sheathing. The abrasion resistance of the overall composite is even considerably higher than the abrasion resistance of the individual layers. The network compensates for movements that cannot be coped with by one of the layers alone. The casing according to the invention can be made relatively thin, for example only 1.5 to 4 mm thick. It is particularly advantageous to treat the textile layers with a hydrophobized agent, for example to coat them. This measure increases the abrasion resistance and 7 stabilizes the excessively raised loops.

The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to a drawing. Show it:

Figure 1 shows a protective sheath according to the invention in a cross section.

FIG. 2 shows a protective jacket according to FIG. 1 with a three-layer adhesive layer;

Fig. 3 shows a warp knit velor layer in a schematic plan view of the thread course.

A protective sheathing 1 according to the invention (FIG. 1) has a textile or textile layer 2 made of a fleece on the object side with respect to the object to be protected, a textile or textile layer 3 facing away from the object or a textile layer 3 made of a warp knitted velor and one between the layers 2 and 3 this interconnecting adhesive 4. On the object side, layer 2 has a full-surface adhesive layer 5.

Non-woven fabrics are flexible, porous fabrics that are not produced by the classic method of weaving warp and weft or by stitch formation, but by strengthening non-woven fabrics. Nonwovens are loose materials made from natural, synthetic, organic or mineral textile fibers, the cohesion of which is generally given by the fibers' own liability. In this case, the individual fibers can have a preferred direction or can be undirected as so-called random-fiber nonwovens. Such nonwovens can be adhesively bonded, for example by gluing or welding the fibers, mechanically for example by needles or by the influence of heat or chemicals. According to the invention, needle-punched nonwovens are preferably used, since they have a particularly good affinity for the velor layer compared to the other consolidated nonwovens 8 have.

Knitted goods are goods which are formed by a process similar to knitting for the production of stretchable textile structures which consist of loops connected in the form of stitches.

The outside layer 3 (Fig. 3) is a two-bar warp knit velor. The first bar or lower chain 9 is formed from a synthetic filament in closed tricot formation as basic fabric formation. The filament 10 forming the lower chain 9 is preferably a multifilament, i.e. each thread is made up of several individual threads, for example 5 to 20, in particular 8 to 12 individual threads. Polyamide or polyester is preferably used as the yarn or thread material. The fineness of the filaments used for the first bar or lower chain is between 30 and 80, in particular 40 to 50 dtex (dtex = 0.1 tex; 1 tex = 1 g / km filament length). For example, a yarn of the classification dtex 44 F10PA is used, i.e. a yarn with dtex 44, which is made up of 10 single polyamide fibers.

The second bar of warp knit velor or upper chain 11 is also made of a synthetic filament 12, the second bar 11 being formed in a so-called closed velvet weave. As a result of this mode of action, loops 13 are formed which extend transversely or perpendicularly to the imaginary surface of the basic fabric 9 projecting from the surface, the loops 13 of the second bar 11 being worked into the first bar 9. The material for the filaments 12 of the second bar 11 or for forming the velor loops 13 is a polyamide or a polyester, polyamide being preferred.

The filament is preferably a multifilament with a fineness of 60 to 90 dtex, in particular 70 to 80 dtex with 5 to 20, in particular 8 to 12 individual fibers per filament, for example 9 a filament of the classification dtex 78 F10 or dtex 76F9. The loop height of the loops 13 of the second bar 11 is, according to the invention, between 0.9 to 1.3 mm, the number of loops 13 being between 3,400 to 3,600 / cm ² .

The weight per unit area of the two-bar warp knit velor is preferably between 100 and 250 g / m ² , in particular 160 to 220 g / m ³ , the total thickness of the warp knit velor being between 1.05 mm and 1.4 mm, for example. The lower chain and upper chain can be made from differently colored filaments; For example, the upper chain can be black and the lower chain in warning colors or fluorescent colors such as yellow or orange. The velor loops 13 of the second bar 11 are roughened by means of a roughening process, ie aligned transversely to the level of the first bar 9 and expediently heat-set. During heat setting, the roughened knitted fabric is exposed to hot air between 165 and 190 ° C, which results in a fabric whose loops deform under pressure, but straighten up again after a certain waiting or recovery period. Loops 13 of the second bar 11 configured in this way are known for use as Velcro, but the loops of the warp knit fabric used according to the invention protrude higher, in particular 10% to 40%, than the loops of known Velcro. In this respect, it is a new product that has been devised for the purposes of the invention.

The first textile layer 2 or inner layer 2 is a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic fibers. This fleece is preferably a needled fleece, which ensures excellent compatibility with the velor. However, a thermally or chemically bonded fleece can also be used. Synthetic fibers, in particular polyamide and / or polyester, are primarily used as the material for the nonwoven fibers. The basis weight of the nonwoven is expediently 40 to 200 g / m ² , in particular 80 to 120 g / m ² with a preferred thickness between 1 to 3.5 10 mm, in particular 1.5 to 2.5 mm.

Both textile layers can have a hydrophobization or be formed from hydrophobized fibers or filaments. In particular, the fibers can have a coating of polytetrafluoroethene, which is known per se, and which makes the fiber surface particularly smooth and non-polar.

The two textile layers 2, 3 are laminated with an adhesive or an adhesive layer 4 arranged between them to form a laminate. The adhesive layer 4 is located between a surface of the fleece 2 and the first laying bar 9 of the warp-knitted warp velor fabric 3, so that the loops 13 of the velor fabric 3 face away from the fleece layer 2 or point outward. The adhesive or the adhesive layer 4 can consist of a spray adhesive, an adhesive film, a scattering adhesive such as powder or powder, an adhesive paste or a spun fiber adhesive network. It is preferred not to apply the entire area between the layers, but to leave areas between the two textile layers unglued. This can be achieved, for example, by using an adhesive film with punched holes or sprinkling sprinkling litter such as powder or powder, the area to be powdered or sprinkled being covered with a mask, for example a perforated mask. After removing the shadow mask, there is a grid pattern with powdered and unpowdered areas. In addition, it is possible to drip or otherwise apply adhesive paste, whereby a pattern is maintained, for example a dot pattern. When using a spunbond nonwoven or a fine, thin spunbond web, the extensive, loose structure of the spunbond web ensures non-bonded areas between the textile layers. The bonding is preferably carried out with thermoplastic, heat-activatable adhesives, the adhesive being able to have a temperature-dependent viscosity which is sufficiently flexible or elastic. 11 allowed. The adhesive should be applied so that the adhesive can penetrate into the textile layers in the area of the bonds in order to anchor itself there. The adhesive may have to be adapted for use in vehicle construction, in particular it must also be durable at temperatures up to 105 ° C, for example. When the adhesive is anchored in the textile layers, penetration into the textile layers should be ensured, but the adhesive should only adhere the warp knit velor to the first bar 9 or anchor itself in the first bar 9.

A spunbond nonwoven adhesive, which is a thin, web-like nonwoven made of thermoplastic adhesive fibers with a basis weight of, for example, 5 to 40 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 30 g / m ^2, preferably 12 to 22 g / m ² , is preferably used.

The layers are laminated under pressure with simultaneous thermal activation of the adhesive, so that the adhesive can penetrate both textile structures and ensures anchoring there, especially after the temperature has dropped.

Another adhesive layer 5 is applied to the object-side surface of the needle fleece 2, which faces away from the layer 3, with which an adhesive connection to the object to be protected is produced. This adhesive layer 5 is designed to be contact or contact adhesive. When used as a wrapping tape supplied in a rolled-up state, the contact adhesive must be designed so that it sticks to the needle fleece and can be separated from the velor loops. In this respect, it must be well anchored in the needle felt, otherwise the adhesive will come loose from the underside of the protective casing, which is facing the object to be protected, when it rolls off the roll. This can be achieved, for example, by applying the adhesive to the needle fleece layer under temperature and pressure, and then rolling the tape with relatively less tension, so that only one possible 12 is a weak adhesive anchoring between the adhesive and the velor loops.

According to a special embodiment of the invention, the adhesive layer 5 is provided in three layers (FIG. 2) with a first adhesive layer 16 facing the needle fleece, a thin adhesive layer carrier film 17 and a second adhesive layer 18 arranged on the carrier film 17 opposite the layer 16. The adhesive layers 16, 18 are preferably provided with different viscosities, the adhesive layer 16 having a relatively low viscosity, very good adhesion and a relatively high penetration into the fleece. The adhesive layer 18 has a different viscosity, which makes it possible that in the rolled-up state of the protective covering tape the adhesion to the velor loops is only so high that the roll remains in the rolled-up state and does not unwind itself. The wrapping tape can therefore be pulled off the roll without pulling the adhesive layer 16 out of the needle fleece, but on the other hand, sufficient adhesion to the object to be protected is ensured.

In addition, the adhesive behavior of the adhesive layer 18 is matched to the adhesive strength of the adhesive layer 4 between the textile layers 2, 3. The force required to unroll the tape from the roll is lower than the adhesive force or separating force required to separate the two layers 2, 3. In this respect it is prevented that the layers 2, 3 are separated or delaminated from one another during the rolling by exceeding the adhesive strength of the adhesive layer 4. It has proven to be advantageous if the rolling force, caused by the adhesive capacity of the adhesive layer 18, is only half as large as the separating force which has to be overcome in order to separate the layers 2, 3 from one another in the region of the adhesive 4. The adhesive layer 5 or the layers 16, 18 are preferably formed from acrylate adhesive, expediently when used 13 fertilize a three-layer adhesive layer different adhesives for the layers 16, 18 are used.

The thus formed, rolled up protective sheathing tape according to the invention is pulled off the roll, placed with the adhesive layer 18 on the object to be protected, then wrapped and then helically wrapped obliquely to the direction of extension of the object around the object to be protected, preferably an overlap, ie an overlap of the protective casing is provided. At the end of the winding, a final winding is expediently carried out with an adhesive adhesive tape, so that the winding is prevented from opening.

In the event of a scouring load on the protective sheathing, alternating tensile and compressive loads are applied to the upright velor loops of the warp-knit velor fabric. These tensile and compressive loads are passed on to the lower chain, the introduction of the force being superimposed on the lower chain and in the adjacent, loop-forming filaments of the upper chain. The knitted lower chain can give way and deform due to its flexible structure, whereby energy is broken down by the filaments rubbing against each other.

In addition, shear forces that are not only reduced in the warp knitted fabric velor layer are introduced via the adhesive points into the fleece layer arranged under the warp knitted fabric velor.

In addition to the properties of the textile layers, the bond between the two layers is also able to reduce stress in the laminate by means of plastically elastic deformation.

The special design of the textiles forming the laminate ensures that tensions are reduced or 14 do not arise at all. Due to the tensile load, a four-stage, stepwise elongation of the laminate is likely to take place, whereby each elongation causes friction on the one hand and, on the other hand, the force or tension, which in extreme cases acts on a velor loop, is distributed in a pyramidal manner into the fleece. Tensions that exceed the tensile strength of the filaments are avoided.

The stepwise elongation or the stepwise pyramidal tension introduction takes place in that a velor loop is subjected to a tensile force in the first step. The velor loop yields through elastic deformation, i.e. with an elongation. As a result, a tensile force is also introduced into the adjacent loops, which are formed from the same filament and, in extreme cases, are drawn towards the velor loop to which the force is applied. In the area in which the velor loop is worked into the lower chain or the velor loops are acted in, the movement resulting from the tensile force on the one hand causes the filament bow of the velor loop in the lower chain to contract and on the other hand to cause friction between velor loop filament and lower chain filament come. If the tension cannot be reduced by this alone, i.e. by the mechanical reaction of the tensioned velor loop, its immediate neighbors, and the anchoring of the individual velor loop in the lower chain, the tension is initiated in the next stage, in which the force acting on a velor loop it is forwarded to several loops and filaments of the lower chain via the two loop arches with which the velor loop is knitted into the lower chain.

Due to the many points of contact or loops of the filaments of the lower chain, the tension entered in two points is distributed over a wide area, the many loops each taking on only a fraction of the tension entered and the area surrounding the force introduction points giving way in an elastic manner. 15

The energy in the material can be reduced by the friction, whereby the hydrophilization and the resulting better sliding of the fibers on one another increases the force introduction area, that is the area in which the fibers can be moved against each other, and thus also the energy degradation more gently for the individual fibers. The material distortion generated is thus distributed over a further area by the hydrophobization.

Due to the material warping of the warp knit velor layer, in particular the lower bar, a tensile force or tension is inevitably distributed over the adhesive spots arranged in the warping area and distributed in a large area into the fleece layer, which in turn reacts by a predominantly elastic warping, the tension, which attacks the attachment points of the adhesive in the nonwoven, acts directly on a large number of filaments in the nonwoven layer and indirectly through friction between the filaments on an even greater number of filaments in the nonwoven layer. Due to the fact that the force is distributed over a wide area in the lower chain, many adhesive points are acted upon by the tension that occurs, so that the adhesive points are not overloaded.

Due to the construction of the laminate from two special textile layers and preferably partial areas of adhesive arranged in between, a high tension introduced in a small area is distributed from layer to layer over an area that is becoming ever more extensive, in particular tension being glued to the second textile layer or energy is largely reduced.

The materials used are adapted to the conditions prevailing during use. In this respect, textiles and adhesives are selected that are insensitive to the plasticizers present in the cable insulation, for example, and released if necessary. When used in the area of hydraulic 16 see systems, the materials used are resistant to hydraulic fluid. In addition, the adhesives retain their properties over a wide temperature range, for example from -30 ° C to + 110 ° C, without significant restrictions. In addition, when used in vehicles of all types, the materials are expediently resistant to oil, grease and, if possible, solvents, and to common media used in the vehicle.

When encasing security-relevant objects, it can be advantageous to design the outer layer, that is to say the warp-knitted velor, in a color specified for this object or in a customary warning or luminous color.

The fire behavior of the entire casing material expediently corresponds to the technical regulations of the vehicle manufacturers.

An advantage of the protective sheath according to the invention is that it can be installed in a particularly simple and reliable manner, the structure of the protective sheath laminate according to the invention surprisingly achieving a novel, very good abrasion protection. In addition, the inventive design of a protective sheathing laminate ensures excellent noise insulation, in particular due to the loop structure or the loop height. A further advantage is that the protective sheath can be arranged in a vehicle in a manner known per se by means of a Velcro or mushroom tape, so that the needs for simple assembly can also be taken into account in this way.

The protective sheathing material according to the invention is preferably stored in the form of a winding tape on a roll and the tape is wound helically around the object to be protected. If necessary, the protective sheathing can be equally successful 17 lengthways, forming a hose, around the object to be protected. The protective sheath according to the invention can be used both in motor vehicles and in water and aircraft. However, it can also be used in mechanical or plant engineering, in particular in areas which are subject to vibrations, in particular in generators, compressors, turbines, etc. The application is not restricted to electrical cables, lines or cable harnesses. Fuel lines, hydraulic lines, etc. can also be sheathed to protect against abrasion and to counteract noise. In addition, the protective sheath according to the invention can be used in vehicle construction where interior parts, for example dashboards, spar trims, which can rub against one another or rattle, are to be provided with rattling protection arranged in between. The protective sheathing can be arranged between plastic parts as well as between plastic parts and metallic body parts. The material according to the invention is also characterized by excellent suppleness.

It is essential that it has been recognized that it is not important to make the outside as hard or abrasion-resistant as possible in accordance with the prior art, so that abrasive forces can be endured. Rather, it is essential to equip the outside relatively softly with a flexible and partly elastic loop structure and to provide it with a nonwoven material on the object side. This combination of selected flat textiles results in opti ^¬ male protective effects against scrubbing means effects and optimum sound insulation and sound absorption. The known materials or material combinations either ensure good abrasion protection and inadequate sound insulation and / or sound absorption or vice versa.

Claims

18 claims 1. Protective sheathing for elongated objects, in particular cables, wiring harnesses, lines and the like, the protective sheathing having an at least two-layer structure made up of at least two textile layers, a first textile layer being provided for the object to be protected, which is formed from a synthetic fiber fleece and a second textile layer is arranged on the outside on the first layer, which is formed from a two-bar knitwear velor with velor loops arranged facing outwards and the two textile layers are glued together at least in places or in some areas. 2. Protective jacket according to claim 1, so that the two textile layers are connected to one another with a grid-like, area-by-area bonding. 3. Protective sheath according to claim 1 and / or 2, so that the surface of the fleece (2) facing the object to be protected is provided with a full-surface adhesive layer (5). 4. Protective jacket according to one or more of the preceding claims, 19 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the knitted fabric velor forming the second textile layer (3) is a warp knitted chair velor with a first bar or lower chain (9) and a second bar (11) or upper chain (11). 5. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the first bar or sub-chain (9) in closed Jersey binding is knitted. 6. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, that the filament (10) forming the sub-chain (9) forms a Is multifilament. 7. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the multifilament from 5 to 20, in particular 8 to 12 Individual threads is formed. 8. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the filament consists of polyamide or polyester. 9. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fineness of the filaments (10) for the first bar or lower chain (9) is between 30 and 80 dtex, in particular 40 to 50 dtex. 20th 10. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the filament (10) forming the lower chain is a fiber of the classification dtex 44 F10PA. 11. Protective jacket according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second bar (11) is formed in closed velvet formation, whereby loops (13) are formed which are transverse or perpendicular to the surface of the basic fabric formation or first bar ( 9) extend outwards, the loops (13) of the second bar (11) being arranged knitted into the first bar (9). 12. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, that the filaments (12) of the second bar (11) or the Velor loops (13) are made of polyamide or polyester. 13. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the filaments (12) forming the second bar (11) Are multifilaments. 14. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the second bar (11) forming filaments (12) are filaments with a fineness of 30 to 90 dtex, in particular 70 to 80 dtex. 15. Protective jacket according to one or more of the preceding 21 the claims that the multifilaments (12) forming the second bar (11) are formed from 5 to 20, in particular 8 to 12 individual filaments per filament (12). 16. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the filaments (12) forming the second bar (11) Filaments of the classification dtex 78 FlO or dtex 76F9 are. 17. Protective sheathing according to one or more of the preceding claims, that the loop height of the loops (13) of the second bar (11) is between 0.9 and 1.3 mm. 18. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of loops (13) in the second bar (11) is between 3,400 and 3,600 / cm ² . 19. Protective jacket according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight per unit area of the two-bar warp knit fabric is between 100 and 250 g / m ² , in particular 160 to 220 g / m ² . 20. Protective jacket according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total thickness of the warp knit velor between 22 Is 1.05 and 1.4 mm. 21. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, that the lower chain and upper chain are made from differently colored filaments (10, 12). 22. Protective sheathing according to one or more of the preceding claims, that the filaments (10, 12) of the lower chain and / or upper chain are hydrophobicized. 23. Protective sheathing according to one or more of the preceding claims, that the suede loops (13) of the second bar (11) are roughened and thermofixed suede loops by the roughening process. 24. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the first textile layer (2) or Synthetic fiber fleece is a needled fleece. 25. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the fleece (2) is a thermally or chemically bonded Fleece is. 26. Protective jacket according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that 23 that the fleece (2) consists of polyamide and / or polyester fibers. 27. Protective jacket according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight per unit area of the fleece (2) is 40 to 220 g / m ² , in particular 80 to 120 g / m ² . 26. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the fleece (2) has a thickness between 1 to 3.5 mm, in particular 1.5 to 2.5 mm. 27. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the fibers forming the fleece are hydrophobic. 28. A protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive layer (4) is located between a surface of the fleece (2) and the first laying bar (9) of the warp knit velor (3), so that the loops (13) the velor fabric (3) is arranged facing away from the fleece layer (2) or projecting. 29. Protective jacket according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive (4) or the adhesive layer (4) is formed from a spray adhesive, an adhesive film, a scattering adhesive, an adhesive paste or a spun fiber adhesive network. 24 30. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, that the adhesive layer (4) or the bond consists of thermoplastic, heat-activatable adhesives. 31. Protective jacket according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive layer made of a spunbond nonwoven adhesive or a thin mesh-like nonwoven made of thermoplastic adhesive fibers with a weight per unit area of 5 to 40 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 30 g / m ² preferably consists of 12 to 22 g / m ² . 32. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, that the adhesive layer (5) applied to the surface of the needle fleece (2) facing away from the layer (3) and facing the object to be protected is a contact or contact adhesive. 33. Protective casing according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive layer (5) in three layers with a needle adhesive fleece facing first adhesive layer (16) of a thin adhesive layer carrier film (17) and one on the layer (16) opposite to the carrier film (17) arranged second adhesive layer (18). 34. Protective jacket according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive layers (16, 18) different viscous 25th show offenses. 35. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the adhesive layers (16, 18) from different Adhesives are formed. 36. Protective jacket according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive layer (18) has an adhesive force which is so high that the force required to unroll the protective jacket rolled up into a roll is lower than the adhesive force or separating force , which is necessary to separate the two layers (2, 3) in the area of the bond (3, 4). 37. Protective sheathing according to one or more of the preceding claims, that the adhesive layers (16, 18) are formed from an acrylate adhesive. 38. Protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the protective sheath is a winding tape which is stored in the rolled-up state or in the form of rolls. 39. Use of a protective sheath according to one or more of the preceding claims as abrasion protection and for sound insulation or sound absorption in land, water and aircraft. 26 40. Use of a protective jacket according to one or more of claims 1 to 38 as abrasion protection and for noise insulation or noise reduction in machines and / or systems or machines and / or system parts such as generators, compressors, turbines and the like. 41. Use of a protective sheath according to one or more of claims 1 to 38 as abrasion protection and for noise insulation or noise reduction of fuel lines, hydraulic lines and the like. 42. Use of a protective sheath according to one or more of claims 1 to 38 as abrasion protection and for noise insulation or noise reduction in vehicle construction between interior parts such as dashboards and spar linings and / or body parts.