WO1999046010A1 - Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) - Google Patents
Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999046010A1 WO1999046010A1 PCT/FR1999/000514 FR9900514W WO9946010A1 WO 1999046010 A1 WO1999046010 A1 WO 1999046010A1 FR 9900514 W FR9900514 W FR 9900514W WO 9946010 A1 WO9946010 A1 WO 9946010A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cerium
- foam
- mol
- foam according
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/38—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by oxidation; by combustion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof
- G21F9/002—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes
- G21F9/004—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes of metallic surfaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to decontamination foams, which can be used for the decontamination of large industrial equipment, in particular nuclear installations. It applies in particular to the decontamination of metallic equipment, for example stainless steel, for which it is advantageous to carry out a chemical attack on the metallic surface in order to dissolve the material superficially and to cause the contamination fixed therein. this .
- Decontamination foams are gas-liquid microdispersions or emulsions consisting of:
- liquid phase forming the dispersion medium, which contains the decontamination reagent (s) and the additive (s) necessary to form the foam, and
- the volume of the liquid phase may be small because the foam contains usually 5 to 50 times more gas than liquid. Consequently, the active liquid effluents coming from decontamination by means of a foam are substantially reduced.
- foam formulations suitable for the decontamination of chemically resistant materials such as certain stainless steels or Inconel.
- Ce (IV) in a sulfuric or nitric medium have been envisaged, these oxidizing mixtures having given very good decontamination results in the liquid phase.
- the document EP-A-0 526 305 [1] describes a decontamination foam in which the liquid phase comprises at least one decontamination reagent and two surfactants to promote the formation of the foam.
- the decontamination reagents can consist of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and cerium (IV).
- cerium (IV) plays the role of a powerful oxidizing agent, which allows in the case of the decontamination of stainless steel equipment, to ensure a chemical attack on the surface of the steel in order to dissolve superficially it and eliminate the fixed contamination.
- the main difficulty raised by a formulation comprising Ce (IV) consists in finding foaming surfactants capable of resisting the strongly oxidizing mixture associating a strong acid and the cerium IV.
- the normal oxidation-reduction potential of the Ce (IV) / Ce (III) couple amounts to 1.72 V.
- the second difficulty consists in formulating, on the basis of the retained surfactants, a foam having good rheological properties. and hydrodynamics allowing its implementation in installations with closed loop recirculation like that described in [1].
- the present invention specifically relates to a foam composition containing an oxidizing agent such as Ce (IV), which makes it possible to avoid this drawback thanks to the use of an appropriate surfactant, while exhibiting good runoff properties and being compatible with an implementation with closed loop recirculation.
- an oxidizing agent such as Ce (IV)
- the decontamination foam comprises: a) a liquid phase consisting of an aqueous solution comprising: - at least one inorganic acid,
- At least one oxidizing agent chosen from silver (II), cobalt (III), potassium permanganate and cerium (IV).
- a surfactant comprising at least one amine oxide
- a gas phase dispersed in the liquid phase
- the use of a surfactant consisting of at least one amine oxide makes it possible to avoid the reduction of the oxidizing agents mentioned and thus to obtain a decontamination foam having significant chemical resistance and compatible with the duration d 'a decontamination operation, which is usually 1 to 10 hours. Furthermore, the choice of this surfactant makes it possible to obtain a foam having rheological properties suitable for the decontamination of nuclear installations.
- amino oxides used in the invention can correspond to the following formula:
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which may be identical or different, are hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted, at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 being a hydrocarbon group at least 8 carbon atoms, so that the amine oxide can play the role of surfactant.
- the hydrocarbon groups used for R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be aliphatic groups, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
- saturated groups mention may be made of linear or branched alkyl groups.
- the substituents which can be used in the hydrocarbon groups can be, for example, halogen atoms, amido, hydroxyl, ester groups, etc.
- the groups R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have at most 16 carbon atoms.
- the amine oxide used corresponds to the formula given above in which R 1 and R 3 are lower alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl and propyl groups, and R 2 is an alkyl group of 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 3 are lower alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl and propyl groups
- R 2 is an alkyl group of 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
- amine oxides which can be used in the invention, mention may be made of the following commercial products:
- Aromox® or cocodimethylamine oxide, is a mixture of amine oxides corresponding to formula (I) given above with R 1 and R 3 representing the methyl group and R 2 being a C1 to 6 alkyl group, C X4 or C ⁇ 2 .
- the amine oxide with R 2 at C i predominates before the amine oxide where R 2 is at C ⁇ , then before the amine oxide with R 1 at C ⁇ 6 .
- Ninox FCA or cocamidopropylamine oxide
- cocamidopropylamine oxide is also a mixture of amine oxides of formula
- R 1 represents the propyl group
- R 2 represents an aliphatic chain
- R 3 is an alkyl group.
- the oxidizing agent can consist of silver (II), cobalt (III), potassium permanganate or cerium (IV).
- cerium (IV) is used.
- the acid used in the liquid phase of the foam can be nitric acid, sulfuric acid or mixtures thereof. 7
- the acid concentration of the aqueous solution is from 0.3 N to 4 N.
- the concentration of nitric acid in the liquid phase is low, for example from 0.3 to 2 mol / l, and preferably from 0, 3 to 0.35 mol / l, due to the problems of partial insolubility of this amine oxide in nitric medium. Too low an acidity, for example less than 0.3 N, is not desirable since it leads to the insolubilization of the cerium. Conversely, a high acidity leads to slower kinetics of solubilization of the cerium and does not otherwise significantly increase the efficiency of the process.
- An acidity of the order of 2N is particularly suitable for the decontamination of stainless steel surfaces.
- Cerium (IV) can be present in the liquid phase of the foam in the form of cerium sulphate or double ammonium and cerium nitrate.
- the inorganic acid is nitric acid
- the concentration of cerium (IV) in the liquid phase of the foam is advantageously from 0.01 to 0.2 mol / 1.
- the optimal value is around 0.05 mol / 1.
- the total concentration of surfactant based on amine oxide is generally in the range from 5 to 50 g / l.
- This concentration is chosen according to the amine oxide used.
- Ninox® it is also possible to use concentrations of 10 to 40 g / 1, but preferably 20 to 30 g / 1.
- Ninox® leads to drier and more stable foams therefore having a longer lifespan while Aromox® tends to moisten the foam and reduce its stability.
- the surfactant consists of a mixture of amine oxides
- a suitable concentration is chosen as a function of the proportions of the amine oxides in the mixture.
- Aqueous solution comprising: - 0.3 to 2 mol / 1 of HN0 3 ,
- Aqueous solution comprising:
- Aqueous solution comprising:
- the liquid phase of the foam it is possible to operate in the following manner.
- the acids are first introduced into a stirred tank, then the cerium (IV) is added in the form of cerium sulphate, double cerium nitrate and ammonium or cerium (IV) electrogenerated from cerium (III) nitrate, and the surfactant (s) based on amine oxide is added last.
- This order of introduction is chosen to facilitate the solubilization of cerium (IV) because it decreases in the presence of surfactants.
- a conventional technique is used to prepare the foam. This can be done using a foam generator in which the gaseous phase is passed under pressure in a diffuser placed within the liquid phase introduced into the generator.
- the size of the gas bubbles is a function of the gas phase flow rate, its distribution through the pores of the sintered plate constituting the diffuser and above all the pressure drop caused by the porous lining.
- the gas content of the foam is adjusted by appropriately choosing the flow rates and pressures for introducing the liquid phase and the gaseous phase into the. 10
- the gas phase can be a gas or a mixture of gases, for example oxygen, nitrogen dioxide, argon and most often air.
- the gas and liquid flow rates are chosen so as to obtain a foam, the expansion of which is in the range from 5 to 40 and, preferably, from 10 to 20.
- the foams of the invention can be used in a temperature range from 15 to 65 ° C. At high temperature, the kinetics of attack of the metal surface to be decontaminated are accelerated, but at the same time the reduction of the cerium (IV) to cerium (III) by the surfactants is favored. The foams obtained are of lower quality because they are drier and less stable. If the temperature is too low, the kinetics of chemical attack on the surface to be decontaminated will be slow. For optimal use of cerium (IV) foams, the temperature should be in the range of 20 to 50 ° C.
- the foams of the invention can be destabilized by mechanical means, for example by ultrasound, in order to quickly separate the liquid phase from the foam at the end of the operation.
- the single figure represents the device used for the foamability tests of the decontamination foams.
- This table also shows the results obtained with NINOX L and NINOX M.
- Oxide Proportion Cerium (IV) content Cerium (IV) content Appearance of mass amine after 24 h. after 60 h. liquid phase.
- Octoxynol 30 PEG-30 octyl phenyl ether soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 0 0
- Octoxynol 9 PEG-octyl phenyl ether soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 13.33 0
- Poloxamer 18 ⁇ polyethylene polypropylene soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 0 0 glycols
- Alkyl dimethylamine betaine soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 0 0 15
- Nonoxynol 8 PEG-8 nonyl soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 0 0 phenyl ether
- Nonoxynol 9 PEG-9 nonyl soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 10 0 phenyl ether
- Nonoxynol 20 PEG-20 nonyl soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 0 0 phenyl ether
- Tables 1 and 5 show an exceptional stability of the amines oxides AROMOX compared to that of any other surfactant and good behavior of the amines oxides NINOX from the point of view of foamability. It is therefore on the basis of these molecules that the amine formulation study was carried out.
- a liquid foam phase is prepared, formed from an aqueous solution of cerium (IV) and Aromox® containing 1 mol / 1 of nitric acid, 2.8% by weight of Aromox® and 0 , 03 mol / 1 of cerium (IV), then the evolution of the concentration of cerium (IV) of this solution is determined as a function of time.
- Table 6 which follows.
- a liquid foam phase is prepared, consisting of a 1 mol / 1 sulfuric acid solution comprising 0.06 mol / 1 of cerium (IV) and 2.8% by weight of Aromox®.
- a liquid foam phase consisting of a 1 mol / 1 nitric acid solution comprising 0.03 mol / 1 of cerium (IV) and 2.5% by weight of surfactant consisting of Ninox FCA is prepared. .
- 5 foams are prepared in accordance with the invention, using the amounts of acid (nitric acid or sulfuric acid), cerium (IV) and amine oxide (Aromox® or Ninox®) mentioned in table 9.
- a foam generator For the production of the foam, a foam generator is used which is supplied with liquid at the flow rate given in table 9 and a gaseous phase consisting of air introduced at the flow rate indicated in table 9.
- the quality criteria closely depend on the desired application.
- decontamination certain qualitative criteria can be set, this is the first step.
- a second step it is possible, using a model representative of the envisaged application, here the decontamination of large components, to quantify certain properties.
- the objective is to obtain a formulation which gives the foam the following properties:
- the experimental device shown in the appended figure consists of a loop 1,3 allowing the circulation of foam. It consists :
- the drainage rate qualifies the proportion of liquid present in the foam at the high level and at the low level. It is defined as the ratio of the liquid flow rate on the wall to the liquid flow rate introduced at the inlet, at the bottom of the vertical column, multiplied by
- the test is carried out at 20 ⁇ 2 ° C.
- the cerium (IV) is preferably introduced in the form of sulfate, it can be introduced all at once or added gradually in the form of metered additions. It is preferred not to exceed a molar concentration of cerium (IV) of 0.15 mol / l.
- Aromox® In nitric medium, the function is better with Ninox®, but given its lower chemical resistance to cerium (IV), Aromox® may be preferred for long-term applications. With Aromox®, however, nitric solutions with a concentration of around 0.35 mol / l and a cerium (IV) concentration of less than 0.03 mol / l should preferably be used due to insolubility problems. partial of Aromox® in nitric medium.
- Amonyl® is a sulfobetaine corresponding to the following formula:
- R 1 is an alkyl group and X represents
- Oramix® is an alkyl ether of oligosaccharide corresponding to the following formula:
- n is an integer from 1 to 5 and R is a C 10 -C 10 alkyl group.
- sodium hydroxide or a mixture of sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate, or a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, is used as reagent.
- 4-methyl-2-pentanol is added as a foam destabilizing agent.
- Oramix® alkyl oligosaccharide ether (see EP-A-0 526 305)
- Amonyl® sulfobetaine (see EP-A 0 526 305)
- a 1 mol / l nitric solution is used with variable proportions of the two surfactants, and 5 l of foam are prepared under the following conditions:
- cerium foams having the characteristics given in Table 12 are used to decontaminate a 304 L type stainless steel plate by surface erosion using the liquid flow rates and the air flow rates mentioned in Table 8. for the preparation of the foam, and by bringing the stainless steel plate into contact with the foam for the times indicated in table 12.
- Aromox® Ninox® Aromox® Aromox® Aromox® Surfactants (% by mass) 2.8% 2.5% 2.8% 2.8% 2.8%
- HNO3 HN03: H2SO4: H2SO4: H2SO4:
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69900595T DE69900595T2 (de) | 1998-03-09 | 1999-03-08 | Oxidationsmittel wie cerium (iv) enthaltender schaum zur dekontamination |
| EP99907664A EP1062006B1 (fr) | 1998-03-09 | 1999-03-08 | Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) |
| AU27321/99A AU2732199A (en) | 1998-03-09 | 1999-03-08 | Decontaminating foam comprising an oxidising agent such as cerium (iv) |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR98/02836 | 1998-03-09 | ||
| FR9802836A FR2775606B1 (fr) | 1998-03-09 | 1998-03-09 | Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999046010A1 true WO1999046010A1 (fr) | 1999-09-16 |
Family
ID=9523806
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1999/000514 Ceased WO1999046010A1 (fr) | 1998-03-09 | 1999-03-08 | Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1062006B1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2732199A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69900595T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2169946T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2775606B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1999046010A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019112571A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-13 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Compositions de décontamination et méthodes de décontamination |
| US11220781B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2022-01-11 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Coating materials, and personal protective clothing items coated with the coating materials |
| US11266865B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2022-03-08 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Decontamination compositions and methods of decontamination |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7390432B2 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2008-06-24 | Sandia Corporation | Enhanced formulations for neutralization of chemical, biological and industrial toxants |
| US6566574B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2003-05-20 | Sandia Corporation | Formulations for neutralization of chemical and biological toxants |
| FR2841802B1 (fr) | 2002-07-08 | 2005-03-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Composition, mousse et procede de decontamination de surfaces |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0095045A1 (fr) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-11-30 | Alfred Kärcher GmbH & Co. | Liquide décontaminant |
| US4857225A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1989-08-15 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Cleaning chemical for aluminium surface |
| EP0526305A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-02-03 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Mousse de décontamination à durée de vie contrôlée |
| EP0727243A1 (fr) * | 1995-02-20 | 1996-08-21 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Mousse de décontamination à l'ozone, et procédé de décontamination utilisant cette mousse |
| US5645648A (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1997-07-08 | Karl Loffler GmbH & Company KG | Process for cleaning and disinfecting devices in the brewing industry |
-
1998
- 1998-03-09 FR FR9802836A patent/FR2775606B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-03-08 DE DE69900595T patent/DE69900595T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-08 WO PCT/FR1999/000514 patent/WO1999046010A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-03-08 ES ES99907664T patent/ES2169946T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-08 EP EP99907664A patent/EP1062006B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-08 AU AU27321/99A patent/AU2732199A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0095045A1 (fr) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-11-30 | Alfred Kärcher GmbH & Co. | Liquide décontaminant |
| US4857225A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1989-08-15 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Cleaning chemical for aluminium surface |
| EP0526305A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-02-03 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Mousse de décontamination à durée de vie contrôlée |
| US5645648A (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1997-07-08 | Karl Loffler GmbH & Company KG | Process for cleaning and disinfecting devices in the brewing industry |
| EP0727243A1 (fr) * | 1995-02-20 | 1996-08-21 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Mousse de décontamination à l'ozone, et procédé de décontamination utilisant cette mousse |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11220781B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2022-01-11 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Coating materials, and personal protective clothing items coated with the coating materials |
| US11795610B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2023-10-24 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Coating materials, and personal protective clothing items coated with the coating materials |
| WO2019112571A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-13 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Compositions de décontamination et méthodes de décontamination |
| US11266865B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2022-03-08 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Decontamination compositions and methods of decontamination |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1062006B1 (fr) | 2001-12-12 |
| ES2169946T3 (es) | 2002-07-16 |
| DE69900595T2 (de) | 2002-07-18 |
| EP1062006A1 (fr) | 2000-12-27 |
| AU2732199A (en) | 1999-09-27 |
| DE69900595D1 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
| FR2775606B1 (fr) | 2000-03-31 |
| FR2775606A1 (fr) | 1999-09-10 |
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