WO1998038839A1 - Control system for a lighting installation in the adaptation section of a tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a control system (8) for a lighting installation (6, 7) In the adaptation section of a tunnel (1), comprising a light density sensor (11) detecting the density of outdoor light in an area in front of or behind a tunnel (1) and a control unit (9) wherein the lighting installation (6, 7) inside the adaptation section (2, 3) can be controlled according to density of outdoor light detected by the light density sensor (11) either in front of or behind said tunnel (1), and the control unit (9) is provided with a data processing memory (10).

Description

description

Control of the lighting system of an adaptation section of a tunnel

The invention relates to a control arrangement for the lighting system of an adaptation section of a tunnel, with a luminance sensor that detects the outside luminance in an area in front of or behind the tunnel, and a control unit, by means of which the lighting system arranged in the adaptation section as a function of the Luminance sensor detected outside luminance values in front of or behind the tunnel is controllable. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for operating and / or using such a control arrangement.

A lighting system or its control is intended to ensure that a rapid flow of traffic is possible in the tunnel while maintaining high safety standards. The control of the lighting system is particularly important during the day. On the one hand, it is intended to prevent the tunnel entrance from appearing to the driver as a black hole before it enters the tunnel. The consequence of this is that the luminance to be guaranteed within the tunnel due to the control of the lighting systems is adjusted as a function of the luminance in the field of vision of the vehicle driver when approaching the tunnel entrance in such a way that sufficient visibility is always guaranteed.

The approach route, the inspection route, the transition route, the tunnel line route and the exit route are essential for the design and control of a lighting system used in a tunnel.

Here, the approach route is a route immediately before the tunnel entrance, the length of which corresponds at least to the stop visual range, the stop visual range being that Is the distance a vehicle driver needs to bring his vehicle to a stop in front of an obstacle or danger point.

The inspection route is the route that begins immediately behind the tunnel entrance and for which a relatively high and uniform luminance is required during the day compared to the rest of the tunnel route.

The transition section is the section on which the luminance of the viewing section is reduced to the luminance of the inner tunnel section during the day.

The inner tunnel route is the route that connects to the transition route in the direction of travel and ends at the start of the exit route.

The exit route is the route that begins at the point in the tunnel at which the state of adaptation of a driver driving through the tunnel during the day is noticeably influenced by the lighter tunnel exit and which ends at the tunnel exit.

The viewing section and the transition section form an entry-side adaptation section, in the course of which the driver's eyesight is to be adapted or adapted from the lighting conditions prevailing outside the tunnel to the lighting conditions prevailing in the tunnel interior section. Even within the exit route of a tunnel, it may be expedient to adapt or adapt the driver's eyesight from the visibility conditions in the tunnel interior route to the visibility conditions beyond the tunnel exit.

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? tr HS φ d CQ 0 * ϋ tr <! d - Φ Hj Φ CQ QA Φ rt CQ CD rt P- μ> CQ d CQ d 3 μ- ω

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Ω μ- d Hj Z Φ Ω μ- d P- μ- d P- CD Φ PJ d Φ tr φ P- tr QA CQ d φ Hj 0 tr φ z

CQ μ- Φ μ- tr rt CQ φ Ω d PJ Φ dd • CQ Z rt μ- μ- Φ CQ μ- rt ra P- Ω d = μ- d φ HS tr rt tr Φ CQ 0 Φ QA Φ Ω φ Ω rt rt r

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Hl 1 CQ 1 1 1 d φ 1 d

co co N> N> t-> μ> cπ o cπ O Cπ o Cπ

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Φ Φ d μ- d H P- φ Φ Pi Hi> tr μ- Hi rt tr CD d d rt Hi CQ Q μ- HS Ω HS

P- HS μ- Φ Φ Ω rt rt J d Φ rt *) d Hj CQ Ω PJ Φ Φ rt rt φ d Φ Φ Hj rt d d tr tr

Φ Hi Ω Pi tr Φ Φ CQ d Ω rt 3 Φ Hi d φ tr μ- d ^• ddd Φ Φ Hl d J

3 PJ tr μ- CD rt Hi d Φ CQ tr CD 03 Ω 0 d Z et d Φ ω i μ- tr PJ CQ P. tr

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Φ rt d tr ¹ Q ö μ- 0 Hi ddd P. tr 03 <CQ d Ω d Hj d φ tr d Hi d φ

3 Φ μ- μ- Φ Φ PJ IQ Hj Φ d QA d Φ P- Hi μ- 0 d tr d d Hi φ rt p.

PJ = d Ω Ω d 3 rt d Pi μ- Ω dd Hj Φ Q d CQ d • fl d Pi d μ- ¹ rt Φ

Pi tr tr CD Φ Φ d φ tr Φ CQ d CΩ Φ d d Φ PJ Φ φ Pi N PJ μ- PJ Hj

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Pi Φ Φ CQ Hl Φ Φ d Φ Hi Hj μ- CQ CQ P- μ- ¹ Z rt μ- d μ- rt d tr tr! μ- PJ

Φ d Hj Hi rt μ- d v ~ d CD φ Φ Q φ φ to Φ Φ φ d φ z PJ d μ- Ω rt

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• r] rt d μ- 03 Hj PJ μ- 3 Ω N d d 3 Hj Φ d tr d Ό Φ PJ d 0 d = Pi P d

P ⁾ p. CQ LQ CD d Ω tr P. PJ P- Φ P. PJ = 3 df Φ rt rt Hl rt μ- Ω d HS tö d 03 μ- Hj Φ CQ tr to rt φ d φ d PJ C> o - μ- HJ d 0 PJ tr P. Φ HS f ¹ 03

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Pi Φ 0 φ d d to d Ό tr rt μ- μ- Ω CD d Φ d μ- φ PJ Φ d d Q φ rt CQ rt rt z μ- d

CO d d z QA C Pi d Ω Pi tr CD CQ d Φ φ CQ d rt d d Hl d 0 03

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& Hi 3 Ω tr PJ CQ d H {Pi 0 Hj rt rt dd PJ P- P ⁾ Ω μ- Hi φ Ω rt d μ- <φ

Hi tr Φ rt Φ co Φ φ d rt Φ α P- d d P- CΛ P d tr P. Φ 3 tr CD 3 0

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CD tr μ- Φ? <! CQ d Pi Φ μ- N do CD d 0 μ- PJ dd μ- rt m HS φ 0 φ Pi φ d rt φ CQ d CD Hi tr Φ Φ CD zdd Hj CQ μ- Φ CD d = HS d φ Hj

co co> N> μ>>

Cπ o Cπ O Cπ o Cπ

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Φ H 0 Φ φ Φ PJ 0 Ω Φ μ- P P 0 Φ Φ Φ P T) rt φ φ P P Φ Φ d rt rt Φ d φ rt rt tr

03 PJ Hj Z μ- • d Hj tr μ- Ω h- ¹ μ ^j d Hi tr Φ φ d Hj CQ (Λ) d rt CI φ Φ d μ- ¹ Φ Φ Φ

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Φ tr PJ Ω rt Hj 03 rt IQ d μ- tr Φ d Hi CQ CQ rt d Φ Φ d tr d d μ- 0 CQ i

HS φ Hi tr 1 Ω Hl 03 tr d rt Hi d d = P- 3 d d Ω t σ tr d d Hi rt r σ

Φ P- tr Z tr d = 0 N 03 P. Φ CQ tr φ P. Φ Pi tr Φ φ IQ CQ P. μ- CD N

F d 0 0 Φ Φ Hj Hj z P μ- μ- 03 Hi Hj φ d μ- tr CD et μ- tr μ- 03 dd 3 rt d = D PJ = «H d Hj μ- Φ rt Ω d P Φ HS rt Φ 0 = μ- 0 = rt P d Φ <Q

Φ d 0 = 0 Ω Φ P- Pi d N tr tr d HS to CQ tr φ Ω μ-> Ω d CQ rt • n Φ μ- μ- CQ d CD tr HS P- Φ φ μ- P. rt Φ rt td • Ö H Φ CD tr Ω d tr P - ~ φ Φ P Hi CQ d Φ d rt Q φ d μ- φ rV Φ Pi Φ μ- P Pi Φ φ HS d HS tr 03 03 tr P dd CQ φ

Φ Φ Φ -3 03 d Φ HJ Φ 03 rt CQ P d μ- d ι-3 l_l. et Hi rt CQ CQ rt ddd Hi PJ tr r ^ φ -3 μ- Hj φ φ tr Φ φ Ω Φ μ- P φ φ P Φ Φ Φ d F φ P = ö μ- dd = HS ⁾ PJ 3 P d P. d P Φ Hj d tr d 03 CQ P- 03 d 03 μ- Φ ddd μ- Hi tr rt d H Φ μ- φ 03 tr d Hj Φ Ω rt rt Φ O φ O μ- Ω d & P. H {dd = HS d tr d> rt Φ H 0 CQ d μ- tr • Φ CQ Ω d Φ d tr Ω Φ Ω tö HS rt ddd Ω Hi Hj Φ rt dd rt d P tr CQ Pi d μ- rt tr 03 μ- tr t Hj P. CQ Φ CD d Φ> μ- 03 Φ μ- tr d H Ω P. 0 φ tjs, Ω rt Ω Hl tr Φ φ -3 z CQ Hj? R Hi CQ Hi C d N Ό Hj Ω Φ dd tr CD μ- 3 HS CQ φ tr er tr Pi tr P

PJ = μ- 3 PJ φ J tr PPP IΛ> Pi d Φ tr μ- CQ rt Φ μ- 03 d Φ tr Φ μ- d tr d rt Ω HS Hj Φ d 0 i φ d Hj μ- ti et rt to PPP rt <J HS P = Ω CQ 03 Hj

CQ Φ to tr P- tr tr d P- dd Ω d P Φ μ- μ- N 0 Φ rt d P tr Hi μ- rt μ- O rt φ Φ y- <Φ IQ <tr CQ tr P dd Ω Φ d Φ d H {d Φ CQ d rt P d

CQ Φ 1 d μ- μ- Pi P. Hi tr Φ CD Φ Φ Hi Φ tr M tr d μ- 3 Ω d μ- d Φ P. P-

? φ μ- rt Ω Φ Φ Φ d CQ HS H d 3 CQ P z rt> Φ d tr tr CQ rt D d cπ

Φ Hj Ω 0 Φ tr Hi 03 fö 03 Ω φ Hi rt d φ Φ CQ φ Φ d d Hi td N rt α? Φ CD i μ- tr Pi o = d Φ rt tr 3 d = Φ Pi Hj CD Φ μ- Λ P μ- z P- P Φ σ H d Φ Ω rt ι-3 φ Φ d Hj> tr • ö Φ rt P = CQ d φ? ^ rt Pi Φ Φ Ω d μ- rt μ- CD CD Pi μ- tr d Hj HS d Z Φ d NP tr Pi t) d Φ Φ μ- P Φ dd tr 03 Ω φ rt 0 0 φ tr d Φ PJ = P. Hl z Hj et μ- Φ d σ φ d μ- dd Hj ~ Ω CD P tr tr d Hi 03 P. p. μ- d to d tr dz P Ω d CQ P CQ - Ω CD Φ tr rt rt μ- et <P- CD φ Φ φ Φ φ O HS NP rt d tr rt d tr <d rt Φ N d Φ μ- 0 P <! Hi P

Hj -> Hj d Φ μ- d P. d d rt to CQ φ d P. Φ & 3 0 Ω Pi d rt - 3 d (Λ) P. 0

<! Φ d cα d φ i φ HS Pi Φ rt Φ d CQ P Hj tr Φ HJ tr μ- r Φ 3 μ- Hi Φ ι-3

0 μ- to rt 0 p. Hi HS Φ 03 CΛ> rt P = μ- CQ rt Ω 2 O Hj P φ P- tr φ HS d d d rt PJ rt Hi d P Φ d rt P <! Φ d CD φ P. tr Φ 3 d HS Φ Φ tr Hl P

1 Φ CQ P. id = F dd Hi Φ Φ d 0 P. d IQ rt CQ μ- rt rt 3 Pi CQ d μ- PN μ- dpd CD PJ Φ ZH {Φ Pi Ω Hi HS 03 d μ- μ- φ Φ Ω Φ tr φ Φ CQ <; rV d tr P d z d φ

0 = tr φ PJ LΛ> Hj Φ rt Φ ö CQ d tr 0 d 3 Φ 0 μ- P. rt P. d N Hj Hj Hj P. Ω td CQ d rt Φ μ- P Ϊ Φ rt CQ P. CQ d 3 Φ dddz φ tr rV d P- μ- tr Hj φ 03 (Q Φ d to rt Φ d Φ Φ φ Φ ι-3 P Hi Φ tr d N φ μ- Φ Φ 0 φ φ rt CD μ- Φ d rt Φ μ- P = Φ dddd Pi to μ- CQ ddd μ- μ- HS d P. P dd tr Φ P- Φ d rt dd tr d CQ Φ O to d 03 tr rt d 3 tϋ μ- rt P . Φ ö φ dd CQ 01 td d Φ HS Φ rt Φ rt IQ CQ i PJ φ φ PJ Φ Ω N Φ μ- P P. 3 Φ Z <! Φ ≥! Pi rt 0 H {Φ d μ- Φ d Φ Φ φ

PJ d μ- PJ Hj P- Ό tr rt P = d rt Φ Hj Φ 0 d P CQ d Ω d HJ 3

CD rt Φ zdd PP rt Φ d Φ Φ HS to d H d Ω z tr CQ PZ d tr Φ -3 P = P = d Hl Hi Φ d HS Φ μ- IQ F μ- d • ü d Pi P. d P = Φ Φ rt P Φ CQ φ HS μ- Pi tr

PJ P. PJ μ- φ P CD Φ Φ d P. φ CQ Φ P- Φ rt tr μ- 03 N d HS d = HS d rt Φ Φ Hi μ- tr μ-> rt rt Φ tr Hi d φ Φ d μ- d Φ HS tr HS rt 3 CQ P- dd rt 3 dd Hj φ PJ Hi Z dd Φ φ Ω 3 Hi Hj Ω P. d Φ Φ rt PP Φ φ CD Pi CQ Φ φ rt Φ d 1 PJ HS 03 1 Hi tr 1 Ω tr Φ P. 1 d Hi tΛ) 0 d rt Φ 1> -3 μ- Q d CΛ ⁾ μ- 0 rt tr Φ HS μ- μ- Pi d = rt d HS μ- HS P . d 1

Φ J Φ Φ Q d Hj 1 d Hi Φ 3 tr Φ P P. CQ Φ d

Hi tr 0 Hj φ d Φ CD Φ d tr 1 1 HS 1

1 1 1 d 1 d 1

co> K, h->

Cπ O Cπ o Cπ O cπ

σs.

fall because the additional day in a leap year only leads to an increase in one of the day classes.

To ensure adequate lighting conditions for the rapid and safe passage of tunnels, it has proven to be expedient if approximately fifty day classes are provided in succession in the course of the year, within which the day lengths deviate from one another by a maximum of approximately 20 minutes. It should be noted that the time to be used for the control must be uniform. In the now largely customary switch from winter to summer time or vice versa, this switch may not be carried out when controlling the lighting system of an adaptation section of a tunnel according to the invention, or corresponding adaptation and change measures must be carried out.

For the goals to be achieved by means of the control according to the invention, it has proven to be sufficient and expedient if the assignment of substitute outside luminance values at certain times of the day is carried out according to a function which differs from a substitute outside luminance value of 0%, which is a first point in time that can be predefined by a first Period before the sunrise time is assigned, is increased to a replacement external luminance value of 100%, which is assigned to a time period which extends from a second point in time which is a second predeterminable period after the sunrise time to a third point in time , which is a third predefinable period before the sunset time, and then reduces from the substitute outside luminance value of 100% to a substitute outside luminance value of 0%, which lies at a fourth point in time after the sunset time. According to this function, the lighting system in the adaptation section of the tunnel can then be controlled during the time during which daylight is available. The function mentioned can be easily adapted to special local conditions.

Id μ> P 3 CQ F tr F IQ tr HS F rt -3 Φ p. rt 03 PJ 03 Hl N CD to CQ <CQ 03 • α rt 03 03> τ |

P od φ d μ- μ- Φ Φ Φ φ Φ d Φ μ- Φ Φ rt Φ rt P d = z φ rt 0 μ- Φ P = d Φ P rt d = tr Λ tr d Ω dd 0 μ- μ - ddddd Hj P Hj P d φ d Φ Φ Φ rt Ω dd rt H Hj

HS Ω Φ HS CQ tr rt Ω Hj rt Ω Ω CQ d CQ CQ ddd Ω d μ- μ- HS Hj tr Pf N Φ tsi Hi H (03 et Φ tr P- tr tr 03 Φ d P = P. l_l. P. i Pf N 03 Ω rt PH et tsi P Ω P. φ P tr 0 tr <HS rt d P et P tr tr dd φ μ- μ- 3 zd rt tr Φ CQ μ- φ d Pf μ- d P . P P. Φ φ Pi φ d <QA d Φ φ p. CQ Pf zdd φ P = φ d Φ Ω μ- LΛ Φ φ

CQ Φ Hj Hj Pi μ- rt Hi 0 μ- μ- d Φ 0 = φ P LΛ μ- p. tr P tsi d tr μ- rt Φ

Hl 11 tr Hj Φ tr Φ Ω Φ z Hj Ω P μ- d μ- Ω Pi to μ- rt Φ d Φ Φ d 13 d μ- to d = μ- P = 3 tr φ tr CQ P. d Hi d tr Φ o CQ Φ Pi μ- CQ μ- d φ d 03 rt tr t P. z Ω rt td μ- tr rt Φ Φ d = Φ μ- Hj d • d φ • rt ZP d Φ rt Φ

Hj o φ φ tr rt H Φ Φ 03 N Φ Hj P- Hj d CQ co d d μ- CD Hi Φ <Hj Pf d d

Φ 03 d d d 03 rt z to Φ Φ Φ 0 to φ • n d Φ μ- P d Φ et Ω Φ Φ

Hi Ω μ- Pi μ- d φ Φ - Φ μ- Φ d P. tr d d rt d P d <-> d d d H {P tr 03 Hi

Hi td Q Φ 03 d d d d d μ- μ- Φ d Φ tr P. μ- CD P. 3 d tr rt d

PH {Φ CQ 03 φ 03 Ω 3 tr 03 Φ d <φ μ- tc Φ d 0 = Φ Z P- P 03 N Pi P dd P. Hi Hj φ μ- ¹ 0 tr μ- μ- o HS Q Φ od Φ tr CD P. Hi Φ d P d rt z μ- d CQ

Hj P F Hi rt rt d H {P HS ^ ω Hj tr Hi Φ Φ rt μ- d <Hi Φ Ω 03

Ω tr 03 μ- φ tr 03 CD dr rt -> d P Φ μ- 0 = φ μ- d Φ co Pi 0 μ- tr Hj P- tr N 03 3 d φ rt d Φ Φ QA CQ P tr N ^ μ- d 3 d φ d Pi CQ N rt Φ Φ zd Ω Hj Φ Φ CQ μ- ¹ H {P- P 03 d Hj PO Φ d P PP Φ rt z φ μ- Hj p. d to tr H d H! 03 CD φ O Hi Φ Hi d tr P. to HS tsi Hi φ P HS μ- Z Ω μ- CQ Ω et 03 Φ Hi P Pi HS rt CQ H {Hi rt d Φ T3 μ- φ d = Hi d tr 03 φ tr td

Φ to 03 tr P. Ω Hj P d P. Φ P φ P. • o Pf d μ- P- Φ rt μ- Hj CD> N Ω Hi φ φ

Z P μ- tr tr tΛ -> φ 3 P. rr 03 Φ 0 P. 0 P. rt φ μ- rt rt N CQ d

Ω Φ P rt P Hj μ- μ- Ω z d 'rt d to X μ- rt Hj CD μ- d d Ω Φ HJ Z φ LΛ φ P. φ

O d rt tr d Hi Φ CQ ι-3 Φ 0 tr μ- φ rt CΩ tr d PP Φ CQ Φ PN dd co Pf Φ rt d Φ P- dd μ- rt d 0 φ to Φ d 03 μ- P d 03 Z Ω do φ d Φ μ- μ- d> 03 φ μ- rt Hj dz 0 Hj ti 3 rt d μ- Pi μ- Z tr

Φ 03 p. 03 μ- Φ d d 03 P. z 0 P d φ d Φ 03 Φ CQ Φ d Φ 03 Φ rt)

Ω D P Φ μ- rt d d Φ LΛ rt φ φ d rt d φ μ- d α μ- φ d = Φ d Pf 3 Ω d d

CQ Hi d P φ - CΛ μ- μ- ¹ Φ H {HS μ- 03 dd φ Φ rt μ- P. dd Ω et tr dd

Φ P i CQ CD Φ dd Φ rt <^ P = α P CD d Hj H {dd tr • P. φ CQ tr Pi Φ Φ 0 P. P d fr Φ Ω φ μ- 0 Ω NPP φ μ- P. Z rt Hj d P 03

03 0 Hj P d tr Pi Hj Φ Pf d CQ Hi tr μ- Pi N to d Ω μ- P- ö μ- d P

Φ 03 Hj 03 N EΛ Φ P = Φ Hl d φ Φ Φ 3 φ μ- rt 3 ö tr Pi Hj μ- Φ rt CQ dd rt ö 0- d Φ dd Hj P Ω to d Pi μ- 3 d Hj 3 Φ P φ φ P. Ω 03 rt Q. Φ

P- Φ μ- d <! HJ Ω CQ LΛ tr φ rt Φ Ω rt dd φ d Hj tr Φ φ d P φ tr Ω Φ 0 Hl tr tr μ-> rt rt μ- Φ td 3 tr PP rt φ μ- φ ö et Z d 3 0 CQ rt et tr rt HS d = P et CQ PJ - P. dd Hi Φ 03 Φ CD Hj d Hj Φ PP Φ φ 3 φ

- et tr * QA Pf P μ- Φ Φ 03 H d rt HS rt P φ φ d Hj P μ- d φ 3

Φ μ- H {tr μ- Φ • Ö d Ω 03 HS P d Hj Hj Hi tr μ- <rt μ- LΛ CQ rt d Hj φ Pi

Z Z CD 03 Φ Φ Ω μ- rt d tr d rt d w 0 Φ 0 CQ d α 0 03 rt φ φ P. CD d Φ

0 μ- φ rt 3 d P. tr rt P p. et ι-3 d N d 0 d Ω d φ tr P d Ω rt p. d HS rt HS tr Hi d Φ et rt Φ d CQ I- ¹ φ d 0 tr 0 CD φ d tr Φ Φ d = φ Pi Φ Z

Φ i CQ d H Hj Φ <! μ- Φ d φ d 3 d 3 • o μ- Φ t Hj CQ d φ d μ- μ- 0 dd Pi Z 0 0 μ- μ- d Pi d φ μ- φ μ- φ rt Hi o P tsi Φ 3 Hj Pi

N HS P. P P m φ d d d d φ Φ Ω φ d CQ rt 03 μ- d Φ Φ d Z d QA P

M d 03 P tΛ d Hj 03 φ HS tr Hj P Ω Ω Ω P- 3 Pi μ- Hj P. μ- <! d Ό d 3 φ d rt 3 03 φ D rt Hi d tr Z tr tr μ- 0 μ- rt CD H! μ- P. rt

3 <μ- p. d Φ μ- rt c μ- • »td P- φ Hi Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ d d Hi Hj rt? P. φ QA P

Φ 0 φ Φ Φ Φ d rt Hi rt d Φ μ- Ω 1 d HS H; d = P Φ Φ Hj Pi P rt

P μ- d μ- Hj rt φ Φ Φ PJ Ω tr Pi CQ rt ^ to d Hj d Ω P- rt Φ LΛ μ- dd to d φ <Φ Ω d 3 μ- Φ tr dd to Φ 0 0 d 3 d tr φ Φ 3 0 p. φ Ω 0 CQ td μ- 0 Pf Φ φ d et Φ d 0 dd CD HS tr Pi P. dd 3 d QA d φ d P d P Hi d HS 03 φ H td Ω Φ rt Pi d • d μ- 3 Φ P. d N Φ CQ

Hj d d Hi Hl φ φ P. tr Z d φ d Φ Hl d d rt t i - P μ- Φ Φ Z d Φ 3 d z Hj

Φ P. Φ CQ PP tr P d μ- ¹ d = P. CQ P Φ Φ d Φ tO CD tr N Φ ddd Hi Φ dd Hi Φ Φ rt μ- μ- M

Hj HS CQ rt rt HS Hi rt Hj

X rt z Φ

CO co> N> μ »μ> π o Cπ O cπ o Cπ

• n 03 CQ Φ Pi 03 CQ to Hj CD • n i Hl -3 Pi α to td Hl P -3 ω -3 0 03 03 CQ P

P rt Φ d HS μ- φ Ω rt Ω Hj Φ φ Ω d = μ- P μ- Φ φ μ- rt d = φ d φ μ- μ- P- Φ Φ Ω d tr Hj d rt 3 Ω d tr Hj tr O d μ- tr Hj Φ LΛ Hj CD d Φ Φ Φ tr d Hl d Ω Hj φ μ- tr tr Hl

Hi Φ P φ μ- tr Φ Φ 3 d Ω Φ rt Pf et d d HS Ω d tr Pf HJ Φ Φ tr Ω d Hj rt rt F d d d rt et tr μ- p. to d Φ P Φ P. Φ tr Φ rt d Pi d μ- P-

P Pf d rt 03 μ- φ rt 03 HS tr Φ Ω ddddd HS Z Hj rt μ- CD d <P Φ tr φ tr Φ rt td Φ Ω Pi d N Ω μ- Φ d tr d CQ CQ CD d μ- dd Φ Hi CQ φ Hj d Φ Hj d Φ φ P tr Φ t tr Hi <Φ d H {rt d φ HJ φ HS P

Φ Hj d d rt HS φ Hi 0 tr ^ Φ P. CD to P. CQ Pf P CQ P 03 d Φ CQ

Pi μ- to d = 03 - -3 O μ- rt HS Φ P μ- P Φ Ω φ d rt CQ to F Pi d rt Hi 0 μ- φ

Φ d rt Ω to μ- P. tr CD tr φ d Hj HS tr 3 P- d 03 P Ω Φ Ω P d d CQ

Hj Φ Φ Pf P = P. Z φ HS Φ Φ Pi p. 0 Hi HS LΛ μ- Φ CQ P = d tr d P. tr d tr rt Φ Φ

03 d 03 LΛ φ 0 d Pf H {• μ- φ d N μ- ¹ Φ <Ω Φ to Hj Ω P Ω φ tr μ- Hj tr

> Φ μ- rt 3 tr Pf 03 φ H {P. Φ φ H {φ tr μ- rt tr P rt tr CD Pi rt P P F Φ p. H Hj Ω • Φ P to td Φ d d tr Hj rt Φ P td Φ Q rt rt P Φ CQ CQ Φ d

P d d tr to μ- Φ 3 rt 03 to m Hj Q Ω P CD Φ HS d φ HS μ- Φ Φ Pi • n d d Φ rt d Φ

Ό dd rt 0 Ω PO d 03 Hi tr Ω rt P. Ω d μ- P d Z Φ Ω d rt d CQ μ- d 03 tr μ- d μ- ddd = rt tr tr - Φ φ to tr N Ω tr * τ μ- tr St.

P Φ CQ d μ- rt 03 tr 03 dd P- tr Pi 3 d P. d 0 Φ 0 tr Hj P Hj Φ P et P rt P. d Φ Ω Φ rt • d rt Φ Φ P Hj μ- Φ d tr Ω Φ Ω d tr Hj d et N d 0 CD 3 Pi μ- 03 φ dd tr d P d Φ Ω μ- rt P tr Hj tr d Φ φ Φ φ Hl d φ μ-

0 Hj CQ 03 Hj to d φ d Hj tr d N rt rt rt Φ HJ 03 d rt rt d μ] Ω 03 d CD et P Φ rt O d μ- rt φ rt P- H d HS P- N Φ IQ H {03 d tr to 0 td P φ d 3 μ- 3 rt d 03 φ Φ CD Φ Φ μ- Φ d 3 03 P μ- d Hl μ- Ω d rt <

03 φ Φ d Hj Hi CQ Pf μ- Φ Hi rt H d tr Ω Ω Q μ- Ω Ό φ 03 d = rt d- Pi d Φ φ rt z Hj P. Φ Φ rt Hi P 0 = 03 d -3 Φ tr tr CD rt tr rt 0 tr rt d P Φ Hj

H {φ φ -3 P. 3 tr Hi Ω μ- μ- • T d rt d P Φ P rt HJ HJ rt LΛ Φ CD

Φ μ- d <! d μ- Φ P = P. Φ Hj φ tr Ω d HS Hi Φ μ- d P. d rt »~ Φ N φ d Ω

Ω rt Ω OP d HS LΛ i P μ- rt d Φ tr Pf OP - Pf Φ P. μ- H {Z CD Pi μ- rt tr f Φ tr Hj Ω Pf P <d P. μ- et Φ d P Hj Φ 0 Pf z CD Φ Ω μ- d 03 3 CD φ Hj rt 03 tr φ * τ | Pi 03 o φ CQ - d rt & tr CQ d P μ- d tr φ CQ rt d

CQ d rt Hj Φ d 3 Φ rt 3 03 CD CD μ- φ Φ <; > 03 d φ 03 d Φ P Φ rt

P φ d Φ O Hj to tr φ Ω Φ Pf od 03 d Φ μ- P d tr N d tr CQ tr Φ P. d 0 P Hi P Φ P- tr <! tr z P d HJ LΛ rt <! h- ¹ P. tr d Q rt rt

Ω μ- 03 Φ d φ rt «dd P <: μ- Hj O Φ φ 03 d μ- 03 Φ Hj tr 0 tr μ- Φ Hi Φ tr P d CD CQ O d 03 P CQ 0 Φ d μ- 03 μ- d Ω rt d φ Φ Hj 03 Φ IQ Hj did & φ Ω CQ φ N Ω rt Hj Φ tr Φ Ω rt tr Φ Ω μ- CD rt P Hj Φ

Φ φ d Φ tr μ- d d tr • 03 H to Φ d tr Φ rt tr Φ Pf rt to d d Pi μ- O

P rt P d rt μ- φ d CQ Φ Φ o Hl rt Φ d φ P. φ Φ 0 Hi dd φ d CQ 03 d μ- d μ- Φ d Ω HS d PX z - ~ d td tr d Ω Φ tr Hj d rt N Φ d S φ td Ό Hi tr 03 Ω tr Φ d LΛ μ- μ- PH Φ α tr Pi HJ Φ CD d Hj μ- P. Hj

Φ Hj Hi P Φ tr Φ -3 Hi μ- φ rt ω Hj Ω Ω Hl HJ et μ- d Ω Φ Φ P- φ μ-

Φ H φ Pf Φ P- et d μ- P dd • o tr tr P d = CQ φ to Pi tr rt φ HJ φ <μ- P. μ- Φ Ω d φ - d P- tr Φ 03 Ω Φ μ - rt φ d Φ HS rt Φ d Φ dd tr Φ d 03 d Pf Φ P. Φ Ω tr P. 03 Pf 03 Ω Hi Φ tr μ- μ- d • φ Hj φ d φ d Φ d P. P P . Φ Φ 03 H μ- 3 Φ d 03 Ω tr d = d Φ d Ω P. <μ- 03

Hj rt d P- -3 tr P μ- d Ω P Φ P Hi d μ- tr rt H {Φ Hj rt tr Φ φ ö cQ rt

03 d Pi Φ μ- Φ LΛ P tr Pi Hj Ω CQ Ω μ- Φ Hj Φ • et HS μ- Φ P μ- P. μ- Φ d Φ d NP to μ- tr tr TJ tr P- d μ- d 03 φ dd

Ω P Pi 03 d 3 Pf d Φ d P. Ω Φ Z Φ et tr P- et P. tr φ d rt 3 d Ω 03 rt tr tr tΛ P 03 to φ rt Hl μ- tr d μ- μ- Φ ^ φ μ- φ N d Q 03 Φ CQ tr tr rt

Φ 3 φ α O φ Pi Z φ P φ Hj μ- ω Hj CQ HS z tr d = 3 Φ μ- Φ

Hi P rt H d μ- 03 μ- P CD rt d P- d μ- rt rt • π- P. Φ HJ d d N Ω d

Φ d P 03 d d Hi μ- μ- φ rt Φ μ- φ 0 P = Φ P Φ Hi CD rt d = tr

Hl rt 0 Φ Hl N Hl Q Φ d Φ P Ω - • tP Z d Pi tr Hj Z μ- rt tsi CQ n_ d μ- ≥! d PZ d Φ d> τl d tr 0 d Φ μ- HJ P = 3 μ- rt <Hj d P. 0 0 μ- CD • rl tr HS Ω et P- CQ μ- Hj φ IM cd tr CQ Φ μ - 0 0

Φ d Hj μ- ¹ P = Φ 0 tr μ- μ- <P. φ Φ d Ω Φ d Ω Hi d

Hj 03 3 Φ d Φ φ φ P Φ d rt Φ tr Q rt

I μ- φ d rt Hj d cQ Φ

Φ d

luminance ensuring rapid entry into the tunnel is present if the luminance sensor provided for determining or measuring the outside luminance is aimed wholly or partially at a shadow zone. This is achieved if the position of the sun and the illuminance originating from the sun can be recorded in the control and taken into account for the calculation of outside luminance correction values, in particular backlight compensation values, which together with the outside luminance values or the replacement outside luminance values of the control in the adaptation section of the tunnel arranged lighting system can be used as a basis. In this way, the effect of the sun not detected by the luminance sensor aimed at a shadow zone on the lighting conditions recorded by the vehicle driver can be taken into account.

Whether and, if so, how strong the sun appears, can be determined by calculating the position of the sun and measuring the illuminance generated by the sun using an illuminance sensor, which is directed towards the entrance or exit of the tunnel. With such an illuminance sensor, the light from the half-space or the vertical illuminance can be detected. Depending on the procedure used, an appropriate assessment must be made.

Alternatively, the luminance sensor for detecting the outside luminance can be designed such that, if it does not itself detect the sun in the evaluation field, it acquires data from sunlit areas, by means of which the position and the effect of the sun in the field of vision enter or exit the tunnel can be detected from the vehicle operator performing the tunnel. The latter embodiment has some disadvantages compared to the embodiments having an illuminance sensor. In this embodiment, the decision must first be made as to whether the astronomical position of the sun is in a region critical for glare. If this question is answered in the affirmative, a decision must be made as to whether the critical limit value for the luminance detected by the sensor is exceeded. If this question is answered in the affirmative, the stored outside luminance correction value is assigned according to the position of the sun. The embodiment explained above is expedient or necessary if, for example, no illuminance sensor is provided in existing systems or for cost reasons. On the basis of the available data, the decisions mentioned above must then be made, and moreover, as mentioned above, it must be decided how high the outside luminance correction value has to be. Since the luminance depends on the degrees of reflection, no corresponding decision can be made in advance. It must be determined on site which values the cloudy sky delivers at the relevant positions of the sun and which values occur when the sun is shining. The corresponding limit values differ according to the position of the sun and the size and degree of reflection of the sunlit areas in the detection range of the luminance sensor. Accordingly, it is important to know which shadow lines can be expected through buildings and mountains in the detection angle. Luminance density values and external luminance correction values must therefore be assigned to partial areas on the celestial globe. After a certain operating time of an appropriately designed system, during which the recorded measured values are stored, corrections can then be made for further optimization, if necessary.

In order to only have to use standard software for all tunnels, the goal should be to get by with a single measurement with the luminance sensor on the finished tunnel portal on a day with overcast skies. Using the daily and seasonal values according to DIN 5034, this value is This data field is defined and adjusted according to the daily and seasonal values. The limit value, which is supposed to indicate whether the sun shines "correctly", should be estimated to be twice as high as the luminance sensor value when the sky is overcast. The angle theta is the angle between the viewing direction of the tunnel portal and the sun position. Now it is only necessary to determine the horizon contour for the viewing direction when entering the tunnel. A computer program could have a very tight network of sky coordinates on a plane for this line of sight

Project an area approx. 15 cm in front of the observer's eye. This tight network is then projected or copied onto a film in A4 format and this film is then stretched into a frame finder; a corresponding arrangement then resembles the frame finder of an old photo camera in a greatly enlarged form. Now this film is brought into the observer position in front of the tunnel, whereupon the meshes of the sky network that fall below the horizon are ticked. The same meshes are then clicked on the screen, whereby the horizon contour is entered into the program.

If the position of the sun falls into these meshes, the angle theta = 90 degrees is set, making it ineffective. The following then applies:

La, corr = La, Sensor + La, program La, program = La, nominal x F x cos Theta La, program = 0 for Lsensor <limit value F is a factor that allows simple adjustments

The outside luminance correction value is an additive value which must be added to the outside luminance value or the substitute luminance value. The design of the outside luminance correction value as a correction factor would result in minor adjustments to the lighting systems, in particular at low measured outside luminance values, which would not be sufficient to ensure a quick and safe passage through the tunnel. If the control according to the invention takes the horizon contour into account at the critical distance from the tunnel entrance and by means of it can be ascertained whether the position of the sun lies above this horizon contour, it can be determined whether the vertical illuminance comes from the punctiform sun or from the bright sky at a critical angle of incidence. The vertical illuminance, outside of the limit values set by the season and time of day, always comes mainly from the direct sun when the position of the sun is above the horizon contour and in the half space in front of the driver. The sun and the bright sky can produce the same vertical illuminance. The distinction between whether the vertical illuminance is mainly provided by the sun or the bright sky is of great importance for high-quality control of the lighting system of an adaptation section of a tunnel, since only the sun leads to glare and thus the correction of the outside luminance correction values when controlling the lighting system. If the vertical illuminance is generated by the bright sky or is below the seasonal limit values, it is sufficient to take into account the external luminance detected by the luminance sensor.

If data are stored in the memory of the control, by means of which substitute illuminance values corresponding to the data recorded by the illuminance sensor can be determined, which can be used as a basis for determining the outside luminance correction values, the calculation or determination of suitable outside luminance correction values can be carried out automatically in the event of a possible failure of the illuminance sensor become.

On the basis of the control arrangement according to the invention, a method for backlight compensation for the control of the lighting system of an adaptation section of a tunnel can also be designed, in which the sun position and that generated by the sun in the field of vision of the vehicle driver Illuminance can be recorded and taken into account when calculating a backlight compensation value LGEGLI.

In known lighting systems, the control takes place on the basis of measurements of the external luminance, which are carried out by means of a luminance sensor which is directed in a certain way towards the tunnel entrance. If the position of the sun is outside the area detected by this luminance sensor, the special effects on the human eye that result from the position of the sun can only be taken into account in the control of the lighting system of the adaptation route if a further one, which detects the illuminance in front of the tunnel Illuminance sensor is present, the measured variable of which is taken into account for calculating the outside luminance correction value or backlight compensation value LGEGLI. Such a method has already been mentioned above.

Now it is a matter of providing a method for backlight compensation for controlling the lighting system of an adaptation section of a tunnel, by means of which the conversion of the human eye from the lighting conditions before the tunnel entrance is considerably facilitated taking into account any backlighting to the lighting conditions within the tunnel .

According to an embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the backlight compensation value LGEGLI as a function of the maximum external luminance LAPLAN for which the lighting system is designed, the current vertical illuminance in the direction of the tunnel portal EVTP, the maximum vertical illuminance EVMAX and the cosine THETA between the tunnel entry direction and the position of the sun is determined. The method according to the invention takes into account the glare effect and the reduction in contrast which result when the sun is above or next to the tunnel entrance, but with a quality not previously known oo ro

Cπ o Cπ o cπ O cπ

CQ 03 ι-3 ö Z i-> d

Hi P d d μ- μ- μ- μ-

0 = Ω d Hj Ω Hi Φ Ω

LΛ tr d Ω tr P- CQ tr φ φ Φ tr et rt et

Hj v ~ Pf P. to φ QA 0 d 3 μ- Φ μ- μ- 3 CQ φ

03 Ω d Φ T Φ rr tr rt tr Hl Φ 3 φ Hj

~ d P td d Φ Hi d tr φ CD 03 μ- l_J. d Hj Hj P 03 P 3

Φ CQ rt d = rt Φ d

03 Ω μ- d Ω td

3 CQ Hj Pf 0 Φ tr HJ φ Φ μ- m d Hj Hi tr rt Ω μ- ω QA P

Hj Hj tr Ω Z tr μ- 03

P rt tr φ Φ φ 03

Pi CQ d rt Hj Hj d μ- Φ d μ- rt d = rt d φ d CQ CQ Ω μ- CQ d μ- Pf Φ 03 to d d 03 03 Hi tr

0 d CQ rt μ- CD Φ

P P P. • Ω rt HJ d LΛ P- tr Φ φ

Φ QA φ rt tr μ- d P. φ 03 μ- φ Ω μ- Hj CQ d tr Cπ

Ό

0 P. rt P.

CD to 0 Φ P. μ- öd 0 03 P Φ rt d μ- to 03 μ- Φ d d 03 0

0 d φ d d F d P- d 03 r d Φ z 3 μ- φ d

3 μ- 0 H3 CQ Ω μ- HJ 03 X tr μ- tr rt Pf μ- td φ 3 rt d rt m HJ Pi

Pi d μ-> • td μ-

Φ CQ 0 Hj Ω

Hj d N -3 Hl tr

P. z Φ P et μ] Φ Z μ- Pi 03 Φ d HS μ- 03 Φ CD 03 d HS Ω HS d φ d to P. tr d d φ 0 φ P. Q CD d P. d μ- CD 0

Φ d Φ φ tr HS μ- Φ HS P. Φ 03 d φ öd HJ d> -3 HS Φ

3 P φ μ- rt d Ω

CQ tr

0

direction of travel coincides, and the smaller the larger the angle between the tunnel entrance direction and the sun position. If the azimuth difference between the tunnel entrance direction and the sun position is 90 degrees or exceeds 90 degrees, the sun is behind the vehicle, so that taking the azimuth difference into account when determining the backlight compensation value leads to no backlight compensation taking place.

In order to prevent backlight compensation even if the sun has disappeared behind clouds or if the sun is too flat from the side, it is advisable to set the current vertical illuminance EVTP = "0" if the current vertical illuminance intensity EVTP falls below a first minimum limit value EVTPMIN which can be predetermined for the control for the current vertical illuminance. This prevents backlight compensation if it is not necessary to ensure safe entry into the tunnel.

At low sun heights, the lighting conditions that are essential for backlight compensation change considerably. The sun's rays take a longer path through the atmosphere and are weakened as a result; on the other hand, the glare from the sun's rays does not diminish, because the flat radiation reduces the luminance in the area in front of a tunnel portal and the driver's eye is therefore less brightly adapted. The vertical illuminance levels, which can be measured when the sun is low, are below the value which, at a comparatively high position of the sun, means that backlight compensation is no longer necessary because the sun is behind clouds.

In order to make the above-described method according to the invention advantageously usable even in such lighting conditions with low sun heights, it is expedient to if a limit value GAMMATISO, which limits a low position of the sun, is set for the GAMMA sun altitude, above which the current vertical illuminance

EVTP = "0" is set if it falls below the first minimum limit EVTPMIN, and below which the current vertical illuminance EVTP based on the

GAMMA, the first minimum limit EVTPMIN for the current vertical illuminance, a lowest

Limit EVTPTISO of the vertical illuminance for backlight compensation, and limit value GAMMATISO of the sun height are determined and = "0" is set if it falls below a second minimum limit EVTPMIN 2 which can be specified for the control of the sun for the current vertical illuminance.

To further improve the method according to the invention, it is expedient if the maximum vertical illuminance EVMAX is determined at a sun altitude GAMMA below the limit value GAMMATISO on the basis of the sun altitude GAMMA and a factor FTISO which can be predetermined for low sun altitude.

It should be noted that the factor FTISO is a variable value that can be entered and e.g. Can be 8 to 10; the lower the value of this factor, the larger the backlight compensation value LGEGLI becomes when the factor is used.

To narrow down and determine the parameters that can be specified for the procedure at low sun positions, namely the limit value GAMMATISO and the factor FTISO, measurement series should be carried out in the area of the tunnel entrance at sunrise and sunset, in order to use the results determined for the measurement of GAMMATISO and FTISO .

The constant K given in the above-mentioned formula gives the desired ratio of the luminance in the Installation route to luminance in front of the tunnel again; it is to be specified in the planning. Because of their influence on the control system, it is expedient if K is variable, ie that K can take into account the actual conditions at the tunnel entrance.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it:

1 shows a basic illustration of a control according to the invention of a lighting system of an adaptation section of a tunnel;

2 shows a function for determining replacement external luminance values;

3 shows a schematic diagram for backlight compensation;

4 shows a method according to the invention for backlight compensation in a signal flow representation

A tunnel 1 shown in principle in FIG. 1 has a viewing section 2, a transition section 3, an inner tunnel section 4 and an exit section 5.

The viewing section 2 and the transition section 3 form an adaptation section 2, 3 on the entrance side of the tunnel by means of which lighting conditions are to be created on the roadway of the tunnel 1, which should make it easier for a vehicle driver to adapt between the lighting conditions outside the tunnel before it enters and in the tunnel interior section 4.

For this purpose, a lighting system 6, 7 arranged in the adaptation section 2, 3 of the tunnel 1 is controlled or regulated by means of a controller 8. The controller 8 includes a control unit 9, which has a memory 10 and into which signals from a luminance sensor 11 arranged in front of the tunnel entrance and an illuminance sensor 12 likewise arranged in front of the tunnel entrance are input. The luminous density sensor 11 detects the outside luminance in front of the tunnel entrance. Depending on these external luminance values, the control unit 9 controls or regulates the lighting system 6, 7 in the adaptation path 2, 3 of the tunnel 1 formed by the viewing path 2 and the transition path 3.

The geographical longitude and latitude of the tunnel entrance are stored in the memory 10. The sunrise and sunset times can be determined as a function of this geographical longitude and latitude, in which case a substitute external luminance value can then be assigned every day between the sunrise and sunset times.

Several consecutive days, whose day lengths are similar, are combined in day classes, each of which is assigned an average sunrise and sunset time. Fifty day classes are planned for one year, with the day lengths within a day class deviating by a maximum of approx. 20 min.

FIG. 2 shows a function for the substitute external luminance La. During the dark, a substitute outside luminance La is 0% of the maximum substitute outside luminance La achieved during a day.

At a first point in time T1, which is 20 min before the sunrise time, the substitute external luminance La linearly begins to increase; the linear increase continues until the replacement outside luminance La reaches 100% of the replacement outside luminance achievable on that day in a second point in time T2 2 hours after sunrise. The substitute external luminance La remains at this value until it begins to decrease linearly again to a value of 0% in a time T3, which is 2 hours before sunset, in one Time T4 is reached, which is 20 minutes after sunset.

Such a function for the replacement external luminance La is stored in the memory 10 of the control unit 9 for each of the fifty day classes which follow one another in the course of the year.

In the event of a failure of the luminance sensor 11 arranged in front of the tunnel entrance, the control unit or regulation of the lighting system 6, 7 in the adaptation path 2, 3 of the tunnel 1 can carry out on the basis of the substitute external luminance values determined by the data stored in the memory 10.

With the aid of the illuminance sensor 12, the glare of the sun 13 can be taken into account, which is particularly advantageous and necessary when the luminance sensor 11 is aimed at a shadow zone.

The illuminance sensor 12 is, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, directed towards the tunnel entrance. It can be used to measure vertical illuminance.

The outside luminance corrected to take into account any glare from the sun, which is the basis for the control and regulation of the lighting system 6, 7 in the adaptation path 2, 3 of the tunnel 1, results from the sum of the outside luminance and determined by the luminance sensor 11 a calculated outside luminance correction value

La, corr = La, sensor + La, program

The corrected external luminance La, corr calculated in this way, together with the luminance ratio k, gives the luminance on the roadway of the adaptation section 2, 3 of the tunnel 1. The calculated outside luminance correction value or surcharge

La, program is calculated from the formula

La, program = La, nominal x (Ev, max x cos Theta)

La, Nenn is the maximum outside luminance for which the tunnel lighting is designed.

Ev is the measured vertical illuminance in the direction of the tunnel entrance, as detected by the illuminance sensor 12.

Ev, max is the maximum vertical illuminance as a reference. This value can be corrected as required.

Theta is a function of the sun's height alpha, the sun's azimuth gamma and the azimuth of the horizontal line of sight to the tunnel entrance delta, as shown in FIG.

In the sketch shown in FIG. 3, the driver's eye 14 is blinded by the sun 13, whereas the luminance sensor 11, unlike the illuminance sensor 12, does not have the sun 13 in the detection angle. It should be pointed out that for better spatial representation the sun 13 is shown in FIG. 3 at a shorter distance than the actual distance.

The directions north N and to the center of the tunnel entrance Tu are in the horizontal plane.

The angle theta between the horizontal line of sight to the tunnel entrance Tu and the position of the sun results from the height of the sun Alpha, the sun azimuth gamma and the azimuth of the horizontal line of sight to the tunnel entrance Tu Delta. The luminance sensor 11 and the illuminance sensor 12 are arranged approximately within the visual range of sight in front of the tunnel entrance.

In the method according to the invention for backlight compensation for controlling the lighting system of an adaptation section of a tunnel, as it is shown in principle in FIG. 4, the maximum planned external luminance LAPLAN and the maximum vertical illuminance EVMAX are specified as reference values.

In any case, the maximum planned outside luminance LAPLAN of the lighting system goes into the program step for calculating the backlight compensation value LGEGLI.

The following parameters are taken into account as control parameters for different program steps:

A first minimum limit value EVTPMIN for the current vertical illuminance, which has the consequence that a measured current vertical illuminance EVTP = "0" is set if the measured current vertical illuminance EVTP falls below this first minimum limit value EVTPMIN.

A limit value GAMMATISO, which limits a deep position of the sun, which influences the calculation of the backlight compensation value LGEGLI in a manner to be described, since when the sun is low, different requirements are placed on the lighting system of the adaptation section of the tunnel due to the different lighting conditions.

A lowest limit EVTPTISO for the vertical illuminance for backlight compensation, the exceeding of which is an absolute prerequisite for backlight compensation to take place at all. This is the bottom If the EVTPTISO limit is undershot, the actual current lighting conditions make backlight compensation unnecessary.

A factor FTISO that changes the already mentioned maximum vertical illuminance EVMAX if the sun height GAMMA is lower than the limit value GAMMATISO that can be specified for low sun positions.

Using an astronomical program, geographic

Coordinates such as longitude and latitude and the date are taken into account In addition, the respective sun altitude GAMMA and the respective sun azimuth ALPHA are determined. The azimuth difference between the direction to the tunnel entrance and the position of the sun results from the simple azimuth ALPHA and that of the specified azimuth of the tunnel entrance. If this azimuth difference is greater or = 90 degrees, the sun is behind the vehicle, so that backlight compensation does not have to be carried out. If the azimuth difference is in a range below 90 degrees, the size cosine THETA is calculated as a function of the height of the sun and the azimuth difference, which is included in a formula for determining the backlight compensation value LGEGLI.

If the height of the sun GAMMA is greater than the specified limit GAMMATISO, the maximum vertical illuminance EVMAX is unaffected in the formula for calculating the backlight compensation value LGEGLI.

If the sun height GAMMA is below the limit value GAMMATISO specified as a control parameter, a maximum vertical illuminance EVMAX 2 is determined taking into account the sun height GAMMA and the factor FTISO specified for low positions of the sun. The maximum vertical illuminance EVMAX 2 determined in this way is then used instead of the reference variable EVMAX in the formula for calculating the backlight compensation value LGEGLI. If it follows from the astronomical program that the

Sun GAMMA is equal to or less than "0", there is no backlight compensation, since it is night and the sun is therefore not able to blind a driver.

The sun's height is GAM1

MA greater than "0" is included in the calculation of the already mentioned cosine THETA.

In the event that the sun's height GAMMA falls below the limit for low sun positions GAMMATISO, the measured current vertical illuminance EVTP is taken into account, taking into account the sun's height GAMMA, the first minimum value EVTPMIN for the current vertical illuminance, the absolute lowest limit EVTPTISO of the vertical illuminance and that for the sun height predetermined limit value GAMMATISO is determined in a form adapted for low sun positions, the current vertical illuminance EVTP thus calculated for deep sun positions being compared with a further predetermined minimum limit value EVTPMIN 2 for the vertical illuminance. If the sun is very low, then EVTP = EVTPMIN2 is set. If the value calculated in the manner mentioned exceeds this second minimum limit value, backlight compensation takes place.

By suitable dimensioning of the factor FTISO specified for low positions of the sun, it can be taken into account in connection with the method described above that any glare of the deep sun is taken into account when controlling the lighting system in the adaptation section of the tunnel. In particular, these serious impairments in the perception of vehicle drivers can be taken into account with the procedure according to the invention for determining a backlight compensation value.

Claims

claims 1. Control arrangement for a lighting system (6, 7) of an adaptation section (2, 3) of a tunnel (1), with a luminance sensor (11) which detects the outside luminance in an area in front of or behind the tunnel (1), and one Control unit (9), by means of which the lighting system (6, 7) arranged in the adaptation section (2, 3) can be controlled in front of or behind the tunnel (1) depending on the outside luminance values detected by means of the luminance sensor (11) that the control unit (9) has a memory (10) for data processing. 2. Control arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the memory (10) is provided with data by means of which the control unit (9) can calculate the equivalent external luminance values which correspond largely to the external luminance values present in front of or behind the tunnel (1), which the control of the lighting system (6, 7) arranged in the adaptation section (2, 3) of the tunnel (1) can be used as a basis. 3. A method for operating and / or using the control arrangement according to claim 2, in which the geographic longitude and latitude of the tunnel entrance and exit are stored in the memory (10), the sunrise and sunset times determined as a function thereof and A substitute outside luminance value is assigned to each day for each period between the sunrise and sunset times. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the sunrise and sunset time for each day is calculated taking normal and leap years into account. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the sunrise and sunset time for each day of any number of subsequent years in the memory (10) are stored. 6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, in which successive days, the day lengths of which are similar, are combined into day classes, each of which is assigned an average sunrise and sunset time. 7. The method according to claim 6, in which approximately 50 daily classes are provided in succession in the course of the year, within which the day lengths differ from one another by a maximum of approximately 20 minutes. 8. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the Assignment of substitute external luminance values takes place according to a function which increases from a substitute luminance value of 0%, which is assigned to a first point in time (Tl), which is a first predefinable period before the sunrise, to a substitute external luminance value of 100%, which is assigned to a period of time which extends from a second point in time (T2) which is a second predeterminable period after the sunrise time to a third point in time (T3) which is a third predeterminable period before the sunset time, and then from reduced the substitute outside luminance value of 100% to a substitute outside luminance value of 0%, which is reached at a fourth point in time (T4) which is a fourth predefinable period after the sunset time. 9. The method according to claim 8, in which the substitute external luminance value increases linearly between the first (Tl) and the second point in time (T2). 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the equivalent external luminance value decreases linearly between the third (T3) and the fourth time (T4). 11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10 in which the first and the fourth period are of equal length. 12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the second and third periods are of equal length. 13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the first and fourth periods are 20 minutes. 14. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the second and third periods are 2 hours. 15. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 14, in which in the memory (10) the data for calculating the height of the sun and Solar azimuths are stored, from which the respective position of the sun is calculated, so that these are taken into account with the respective stored horizon contour when calculating the respective substitute external luminance value. 16. A method for operating and / or using the control arrangement according to claim 1, preferably according to one of claims 3-15, characterized in that the position and the position of the sun in the field of view of the sun in the control arrangement (8) by means of data processing Illuminance generated in or out of the tunnel (1) by the driver of the vehicle is detected and taken into account for the calculation of outside luminance correction values, in particular backlight compensation values, which together with the outside luminance values or the replacement outside luminance values of the control of the in the adaptation section (2, 3) of the tunnel (1) arranged lighting system (6,7) are used as a basis. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein an illuminance sensor (12) for detecting the generated by the sun (13) Illuminance is used, which is directed towards the entrance or from the exit of the tunnel (1). 18. The method according to claim 17, in which an illuminance sensor (12) designed in such a way that the light from the half-space can be detected by means of it. 19. Control according to claim 18, in which an illuminance sensor (12) designed in such a way that the vertical illuminance can be detected by means of it. 20. The method according to claim 16, in which a luminance sensor (11) designed in this way is used to detect the outside luminance so that, if it does not itself detect the sun (13), it acquires data from sunlit areas by means of which the position and the glare of the Sun (13) in the field of view of the driver driving into or out of the tunnel (1) can be detected. 21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, in which the horizon contour is taken into account at the critical distance from the tunnel entrance and by means of which it is detected whether the position of the sun lies above this horizon contour. 22. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19 or 21, in which data are stored in the memory (10), by means of which corresponding substitute position data and substitute luminance values are determined which correspond to the data recorded by the illuminance sensor (12) and which are used as a basis for determining the outside luminance correction values . 23. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the outside luminance correction value is added to the outside luminance value and / or any substitute luminance value. 24. Method for operating and / or using the control arrangement for backlight compensation for controlling the lighting system of an adaptation section of a tunnel, in which the position of the sun and the illuminance generated by the sun in the driver's field of vision can be detected and taken into account for calculating a backlight compensation value LGEGLI , in particular according to one of claims 16 to 23, characterized in that the backlight compensation value (LGEGLI) as a function of the maximum planned external luminance (LAPLAN) for which the lighting system is designed, the current vertical illuminance in the direction of the tunnel portal (EVTP), the maximum vertical illuminance ( EVMAX) and the cosine (THETA) between the tunnel entry direction and the sun position. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the current vertical illuminance (EVTP) = "0" is set when the current vertical illuminance (EVTP) falls below a first minimum limit value EVTPIM, which can be predetermined for the control, for the current vertical illuminance. 26. The method as claimed in claim 25, in which a limit value (GAMMATISO) which limits a deep position of the sun is set for the sun height (GAMMA), above which the current vertical illuminance (EVTP) = "0" is set when it meets the first minimum limit values (EVTPMIN), below which the current vertical illuminance (EVTP) based on the height of the sun (GAMMA), the first minimum limit (EVTPMIN) for the current vertical illuminance, a lowest limit (EVTPTISO) of the vertical illuminance for backlight compensation, and the Limit value (GAMMATISO) of the sun height is determined and = "0" is set if it falls below a second minimum limit value (EVTPMIN 2) which can be specified for the low position of the sun for the current vertical illuminance. 27. The method as claimed in claim 26, in which the maximum vertical illuminance (EVMAX) is determined at a sun altitude (GAMMA) below the limit value (GAMMATISO) on the basis of the sun altitude (GAMMA) and a low mountain position factor (FTISO). 28. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 27, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the backlight compensation value from the equation LGEGLI = LAGPLAN / K X EVTP / EVMAX x cos THETA is obtained, wherein the constant K represents the ratio of the luminance in a facility section to the luminance in front of the tunnel and is determined in advance during planning. 29. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 28, characterized by the use of an astronomical program for taking into account temporal and / or geographical data, for example length and latitude, and for determining the height of the sun (GAMMA) and the sun azimuth (ALPHA), wherein an azimuth difference is formed with the latter and the azimuth of the tunnel entrance, and the size of the cosine (THETA) is calculated as a function of the height of the sun (GAMMA) and the azimuth difference.