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WO1998038727A2 - Convertisseur continu-continu - Google Patents

Convertisseur continu-continu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998038727A2
WO1998038727A2 PCT/FI1998/000149 FI9800149W WO9838727A2 WO 1998038727 A2 WO1998038727 A2 WO 1998038727A2 FI 9800149 W FI9800149 W FI 9800149W WO 9838727 A2 WO9838727 A2 WO 9838727A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
power supply
mode power
output
transistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1998/000149
Other languages
English (en)
Finnish (fi)
Other versions
WO1998038727A3 (fr
Inventor
Matti Havukainen
Mika KUNTIJÄRVI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Oyj
Original Assignee
Nokia Telecommunications Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Telecommunications Oy filed Critical Nokia Telecommunications Oy
Priority to AU62167/98A priority Critical patent/AU6216798A/en
Publication of WO1998038727A2 publication Critical patent/WO1998038727A2/fr
Publication of WO1998038727A3 publication Critical patent/WO1998038727A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0016—Control circuits providing compensation of output voltage deviations using feedforward of disturbance parameters
    • H02M1/0022—Control circuits providing compensation of output voltage deviations using feedforward of disturbance parameters the disturbance parameters being input voltage fluctuations

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a DC-DC converter.
  • An advantageous application of a system according to the invention is telecommunications equipment having several parallel board units, each one of which needs a power supply of its own.
  • Switched-mode power supplies have an increasing share in power supply design. This is due to many advantages of these, such as a good coefficient of efficiency, a broad input voltage range and the possibility to make compact and light-weight power supplies.
  • topology is used more and more often in switched-mode power supplies.
  • Topology means that circuit configuration which determines how power will be forwarded in the power supply.
  • the major advantage of a power supply of the fly-back type is its simple and cheap structure, which is suitable for use also in multiple output power supplies.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the PWM control circuit which controls the switch may be located in the power supply either on the primary side or on the secondary side depending on which characteristics are important in each case. The solution will be described more closely in the following.
  • FIG. 1 shows the fundamental interface of the known fly-back switched-mode power supply known as such when the PWM control circuit is located on the primary side.
  • the power supply comprises in a known manner, firstly, a converter 10, through which power is transferred from the primary side to the secondary side, a switch SW in the primary circuit which may be e.g. a power MOSFET as shown in the figure or a bipolar transistor.
  • the primary current passing through primary coil A is cut off with the switch.
  • the power supply comprises a PWM control circuit 13 which controls the switch and which by controlling the duty cycles of the switch controls the output voltages, which in this example are +5 V, -5V and +3.3 V respectively.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the PWM control circuit 13 controlling the switch pulse width may function either in the so-called voltage mode based on the output voltage or in the so-called current mode based on the primary current and output voltage.
  • a majority (80 %) of modern fly-back switched-mode power supplies use current mode circuits, because it is easier to design a controller operating in the current mode.
  • the example in Figure 1 shows a control circuit which is a control circuit 13 working in the current mode and which performs its control function based on output voltage information about switched mode power supply received from feedback circuit FB and on current information received from switch SW.
  • the voltage information is formed here by taking a sample of the +5 V output voltage to an amplitude modulator circuit.
  • the output signal of the amplitude modulator circuit is connected through a galvanic de-coupling converter 15 or opto-coupler to voltage feedback input VFb of control circuit 13.
  • the current information is obtained from switch SW with current measuring resistance Rm by taking a sample of the voltage affecting over the resistance to current measuring input Is of control circuit 13.
  • Control circuits are commercially available from different manufacturers.
  • auxiliary voltage coil B On the primary side of the power supply there is also a separate auxiliary voltage coil B, which is used for forming an operating voltage for control circuit 13. Between the poles of the auxiliary voltage coil there is a rectifier diode D1 and a capacitor C1 in series over which the operating voltage is formed. Resistance R1 is a charging resistance for starting capacitor Ck.
  • One pole of secondary coil N1 is connected to earth and rectifier diode D1 and output capacitor Couti are connected in series between this pole and the other pole of the coil.
  • one pole of secondary coil N2 is connected to earth and rectifier diode D2 and output capacitor Cout2 are connected in series between this pole and the other pole of the coil.
  • Secondary coil N3 and rectifier diode D3 are connected similarly, but the winding and diode have another direction, because the output voltage is negative. In most cases, power supplies also contain an under-voltage indicator for the primary side and monitoring of output voltages.
  • the under- voltage indicator 12 compares the input voltage Uin of the switched mode power supply with a reference voltage U ref and when the input voltage becomes too low indicator 12 will give an alarm signal to control circuit 13.
  • the indicator may simply be a comparator.
  • the voltage monitoring circuit 16 on the output side compares output voltages, here +3.3 V and -5 V voltages, with reference voltages, and when voltages differ from established values the monitor will give an alarm signal POWER ALARM to the control circuit.
  • Starting of a power supply according to Figure 1 takes place in the following manner. Starting capacitor Ck is charged through current-limiting charging resistance R1 until the voltage occurring at the operating voltage input Vc of the control circuit becomes so high that control circuit 13 begins giving control pulses to switch SW. As a result of this, the power supply will start and a voltage is brought about in auxiliary voltage coil B which is rectified by diode D1 and which is used for forming the control circuit's operating voltage and the control power for the switch.
  • the invention utilises functional blocks already existing in known switched mode power supplies, such as an output voltage monitoring block on the secondary side and an under-voltage indicator on the primary side.
  • the invention is especially based on the idea of also using the fact besides known blocks that different time constants of circuits on the switched mode power supply's secondary side cause a slowing down effect on the increase and decrease rates of output voltages.
  • the switched-mode power supply according to the invention has at least one output voltage monitoring block, a circuit performing a logical function and a controlled switch.
  • An existing block is used as the output voltage monitoring block, if there is such a block in the switched mode power supply.
  • the output voltage monitoring block is connected on its input side to at least one output voltage and on its output side the monitoring block is connected functionally to one input of a circuit performing a logical function. After the monitored output voltage, which is here called the second output voltage, has achieved its nominal value, the state is changed of the monitoring block output and thus also the state of the circuit performing the logical function.
  • Such input voltage information is conducted to the second input of the circuit performing the logical function which states whether the switched mode power supply input voltage is acceptable or too low for an acceptable switched mode power supply operation.
  • the input voltage information is obtained directly from the primary under-voltage indicator, if the switched mode power supply already has one.
  • the controlled switch will switch the first output voltage of the switched mode power supply circuit to the load or off the load according to the control.
  • the function of the circuit performing a logical function is such that it controls the controlled switch to close at once when the second output voltage monitoring circuit has found that this voltage has achieved its nominal value and when the input voltage information indicates a sufficient input voltage for the switched mode power supply.
  • the load supplied by the switched mode power supply will hereby have controlled use first of the second output voltage and only thereafter of the first output voltage.
  • the input voltage information will indicate that the input voltage of the switched mode power supply has dropped below the acceptable value.
  • the output of the circuit performing a logical function will change into a state which controls the switch to open, whereby a first output voltage will be switched off the load.
  • the energy charged in capacitors of the switched mode power supply's secondary circuit will keep the second output voltage at its nominal value for some time, from which the voltage will fall to zero value in a manner determined by the time constant.
  • the first output voltage is first switched off the load in a controlled manner and the second output voltage falling according to the time constant will remain effective for some time.
  • the circuit performing the logical function will control the controlled switch to open, thus immediately switching the first output voltage off the load.
  • the second output voltage falling according to the time constant will remain effective for some time.
  • Figure 1 shows a known fly-back switched mode power supply
  • Figure 2 shows an interface according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows the interface applied to the switched mode power supply in Figure 1
  • Figures 4A-4E show events when the switched mode power supply is started
  • Figure 5 shows a possible embodiment
  • Figures 6A-6D show events when the input voltage disappears.
  • FIG 2 shows the essential parts of the interface according to the invention.
  • the order in which switched mode power supply output voltages V1 and V2 are connected to the load must be such that when the switched mode power supply is switched on and off voltage V2 must be switched to the load before voltage V1 and voltage V1 must be switched off the load before voltage V2 independently of the current level of output voltages.
  • the interface comprises a switched mode power supply output voltage monitoring block 21 , a circuit 23 performing a logical function and a controlled switch 24.
  • the circuit performing a logical function carries out an AND operation in this example.
  • Inputs of circuit 23 are input voltage information stating whether the switched mode power supply input voltage is acceptable or not, and information given by voltage monitoring block 21 stating whether output voltage V2 is acceptable or not. If both inputs state that the voltages are acceptable, AND circuit 23 will provide a control which controls switch 24 to close, whereby the switched mode power supply output voltage V1 is switched to the load.
  • AND circuit 23 will control switch 24 to open, whereby the switched mode power supply secondary voltage V1 will not affect the load.
  • the second switched mode power supply output voltage V2 affects the load all the time.
  • ASIC circuit is either zero or a full nominal voltage V1 depending on the position of switch 24, and any change between these states is in steps.
  • the switched mode power supply output voltage V2 affects the load all the time, so depending on capacitors of the switched mode power supply's secondary circuit, e.g. Cout2 in Figure 1 , any change in the nominal voltage to zero is not in steps but will follow a curve determined by the time constant of the concerned secondary circuit RC. This fact is of great importance to the arrangement according to the invention, as will be indicated later.
  • FIG 3 shows a known switched mode power supply in accordance with Figure 1 supplemented with the elements according to the invention which are shown in Figure 2.
  • the output voltage V2 produced by the switched mode power supply is 3.3 V and the output voltage V1 is +5 V.
  • These voltages are operating voltages of the ASIC circuit which is the load (not shown). Due to the nature of the load, the 3.3 V operating voltage must always be switched to the load before the 5V operating voltage and, correspondingly, when the voltages are separated from the load, the 5 V voltage must be separated first and the 3.3 V voltage only thereafter.
  • Capacitors Couti , ...,Cout2 on the output side begin getting charged and secondary output voltages increase.
  • Output voltage V2 affects the load directly and increases beginning from zero towards the nominal voltage of 3.3 V, Figure 4C.
  • Voltage monitoring block 16 compares voltage V2 with the reference voltage, which is e.g. 3 V. When V2 is lower than the reference, the block will give a power alarm signal, that is, the output voltage of the block is low. When voltage V2 bypasses the reference signal, the voltage of the power alarm signal will rise, Figure 4D. This is seen after a short time ⁇ T determined by delay element 22 in the second input of AND circuit 23.
  • V11 is short circuited.
  • the short circuit causes an increase in the switched mode power supply primary current, so the voltage affecting over the current measuring resistance Rm of the primary circuit will increase.
  • An internal over-current protection turns off the switched mode power supply.
  • Output voltages V1 and V2 start falling, but switch 24 separates the +5 V voltage V1 from the load before the 3.3 V voltage V2 falls too low.
  • switch 24 separates the +5 V voltage V1 from the load before the 3.3 V voltage V2 falls too low.
  • FIG. 5 shows a possibility of embodying the interface according to the invention.
  • the figure shows secondary circuits of the switched mode power supply in Figure 3 and the reference numbers are the same in applicable parts.
  • Circuit 23 carrying out the AND logical function is here implemented with three transistors: with a transistor 31 working as a switch and controlling the actual transistor 24 working as a switch and with a first transistor 322 and a second transistor 33 which are located in the base circuit of transistor 31 and which are connected in series. These two transistors thus control transistor 31 which functions as a switch.
  • step-up circuit 34 which steps up the +5 V voltage to a +12 V voltage.
  • transistor 31 For transistor 31 to become conductive to close switch 24, its base circuit transistors 322 and 33 must be in a conductive state at the same time. Logically, this corresponds to the AND function.
  • the first transistor 322 is in a conductive state at once when the input voltage is acceptable.
  • the second FET transistor 33 becomes conductive when a positive control voltage is brought to its gate. This will take place when the voltage monitoring block 16 has found that voltage V2 is acceptable.
  • the gate voltage will not change at once, however, but after a brief delay ⁇ T caused by an RC connection, resistance 222 and capacitor 223, functioning as a delay element.
  • switch 24 When both base circuit transistors are conductive, switch 24 will connect voltage V1 to the load.
  • Suitable interfaces are OR (output logical "0” only when both inputs are in the state of logical "0"), NOR (output is output is logical "1” only when both inputs are in a state of logical "0") and NAND (output is output is logical "0” only when both inputs are in a state of logical "1”). Even the order of voltage switching may be another one than the one presented above.
  • the switched-mode power supply need not be of the fly-back type, but some other power supply will do. If the power supply does not already have such voltage monitoring of the input and output sides which is required by the interface of the invention, such must be connected to the power supply.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

L'alimentation en puissance à mode commuté de cette invention comprend un indicateur (12) de sous-tension de la tension d'entrée, un bloc (16) de surveillance de la tension de sortie, un circuit (23) exécutant une fonction logique et un commutateur commandé (24). Le circuit exécutant une fonction logique fonctionne de telle sorte qu'il commande le commutateur commandé (24) pour qu'il se ferme immédiatement lorsque le circuit surveillant la première tension de sortie a détecté que cette tension a atteint sa valeur nominale et que les informations relatives à la tension d'entrée indiquent qu'il existe une tension suffisante dans le circuit primaire de l'alimentation en puissance à mode commuté. La charge fournie par l'alimentation en puissance à mode commuté est ainsi fournie de manière régulée avec une première tension (V1) et ensuite seulement avec une deuxième tension (V2). Si la tension d'entrée est interrompue ou qu'elle devient trop faible le circuit exécutant une fonction logique commande alors au commutateur (24) de s'ouvrir immédiatement et la première tension (V1) est éliminée de la charge. D'autre part l'énergie accumulée dans les condensateurs du circuit secondaire de l'alimentation en puissance à mode commuté maintient la deuxième tension (V2) à sa valeur nominale pendant un moment. De cette manière la première tension (V1) est tout d'abord éliminée de la charge de manière régulée et la deuxième tension qui chute en fonction d'une constante temporelle reste efficace pendant un moment.
PCT/FI1998/000149 1997-02-28 1998-02-19 Convertisseur continu-continu Ceased WO1998038727A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU62167/98A AU6216798A (en) 1997-02-28 1998-02-19 Dc-dc converter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI970871A FI970871A7 (fi) 1997-02-28 1997-02-28 Hakkuriteholähde
FI970871 1997-02-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998038727A2 true WO1998038727A2 (fr) 1998-09-03
WO1998038727A3 WO1998038727A3 (fr) 1998-12-23

Family

ID=8548308

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1998/000149 Ceased WO1998038727A2 (fr) 1997-02-28 1998-02-19 Convertisseur continu-continu

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6216798A (fr)
FI (1) FI970871A7 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998038727A2 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2363213A (en) * 2000-06-07 2001-12-12 Lucent Technologies Inc Maintaining power supply during loss of input
EP1394927A3 (fr) * 2002-08-29 2005-03-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Alimentation de puissance avec protection contre les surtensions
DE102006046383A1 (de) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-03 Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh Spannungsversorgungsschaltung
EP1903549A3 (fr) * 2006-09-19 2008-11-05 Funai Electric Co., Ltd. Télévision à plasma et circuit d'alimentation électrique
EP1990904A3 (fr) * 2007-01-18 2008-12-10 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Appareil d'alimentation électrique pour dispositif d'affichage à plasma
EP1681667A3 (fr) * 2005-01-13 2009-01-14 LG Electronics Inc. Appareil de affichagè plasma et son procédé de commande
EP4002666A1 (fr) * 2020-11-24 2022-05-25 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Circuit d'alimentation électrique
CN114583947A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2022-06-03 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 电源供应电路

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5412308A (en) * 1994-01-06 1995-05-02 Hewlett-Packard Corporation Dual voltage power supply
US5455501A (en) * 1994-03-24 1995-10-03 Intel Corporation Multiple output DC-DC converter with different ranges of output assurance and capable of tolerating load transients

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2363213A (en) * 2000-06-07 2001-12-12 Lucent Technologies Inc Maintaining power supply during loss of input
EP1394927A3 (fr) * 2002-08-29 2005-03-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Alimentation de puissance avec protection contre les surtensions
US7088597B2 (en) 2002-08-29 2006-08-08 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. High voltage supply device for eliminating a surge voltage
EP1681667A3 (fr) * 2005-01-13 2009-01-14 LG Electronics Inc. Appareil de affichagè plasma et son procédé de commande
EP1903549A3 (fr) * 2006-09-19 2008-11-05 Funai Electric Co., Ltd. Télévision à plasma et circuit d'alimentation électrique
DE102006046383A1 (de) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-03 Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh Spannungsversorgungsschaltung
DE102006046383B4 (de) * 2006-09-29 2011-08-25 Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH, 85356 Spannungsversorgungsschaltung
EP1990904A3 (fr) * 2007-01-18 2008-12-10 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Appareil d'alimentation électrique pour dispositif d'affichage à plasma
EP4002666A1 (fr) * 2020-11-24 2022-05-25 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Circuit d'alimentation électrique
US11764676B2 (en) 2020-11-24 2023-09-19 Realtek Semiconductor Corporation Power supply circuit
CN114583947A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2022-06-03 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 电源供应电路
CN114583947B (zh) * 2020-11-30 2025-10-21 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 电源供应电路

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998038727A3 (fr) 1998-12-23
AU6216798A (en) 1998-09-18
FI970871A7 (fi) 1998-08-29
FI970871A0 (fi) 1997-02-28

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