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WO1998037794A1 - Serviettes enroulees et pliees et leur procede de fabrication - Google Patents

Serviettes enroulees et pliees et leur procede de fabrication Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998037794A1
WO1998037794A1 PCT/US1998/002224 US9802224W WO9837794A1 WO 1998037794 A1 WO1998037794 A1 WO 1998037794A1 US 9802224 W US9802224 W US 9802224W WO 9837794 A1 WO9837794 A1 WO 9837794A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
recited
folded
longitudinal section
strip
roll
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1998/002224
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Maurice L. Kessler
Robert C. Hochtritt
Jay N. Thompson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Georgia Pacific Tissue LLC
Original Assignee
Wisconsin Tissue Mills Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wisconsin Tissue Mills Inc filed Critical Wisconsin Tissue Mills Inc
Priority to AU62694/98A priority Critical patent/AU6269498A/en
Publication of WO1998037794A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998037794A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47GHOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G11/00Table linen
    • A47G11/001Table napkins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47KSANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K10/00Body-drying implements; Toilet paper; Holders therefor
    • A47K10/24Towel dispensers, e.g. for piled-up or folded textile towels; Toilet paper dispensers; Dispensers for piled-up or folded textile towels provided or not with devices for taking-up soiled towels as far as not mechanically driven
    • A47K10/32Dispensers for paper towels or toilet paper
    • A47K10/34Dispensers for paper towels or toilet paper dispensing from a web, e.g. with mechanical dispensing means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65HHANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H18/00Winding webs
    • B65H18/28Wound package of webs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65HHANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H35/00Delivering articles from cutting or line-perforating machines; Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices, e.g. adhesive tape dispensers
    • B65H35/10Delivering articles from cutting or line-perforating machines; Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices, e.g. adhesive tape dispensers from or with devices for breaking partially-cut or perforated webs, e.g. bursters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to paper napkins and to dispensing paper napkins in restaurants and other food service establishments.
  • Restaurants especially "fast-food" restaurants and cafeterias, commonly provide a container of napkins from which customers remove one or more napkins for their personal use.
  • the containers typically house a stack of individually folded napkins which are pushed toward a dispensing end of the self-serve container by an internal spring-loaded plate.
  • the dispensing end has an opening through which is exposed an edge of the napkin at one end of the stack.
  • a customer is able to grasp the napkin edge through the container opening and pull the napkin from the container.
  • the opening in the container is large enough so that a customer can insert several fingers and pinch together a plurality of napkins which then are pulled from the container as a group.
  • the customer often obtains more napkins than he or she requires and the additional napkins are thrown away, unused at the end of the meal.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a self-service supply of napkins in a manner which reduces the quantity of napkins obtained by each restaurant customer.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a supply of napkins that are both folded and wound on a roll . It has been found that when the napkins are dispensed from a roll, customers extract fewer napkins than from dispensers of stacked napkins. By folding the napkins before rolling, the width of the roll is reduced.
  • a plurality of napkins formed as an elongated strip of tissue paper which has first and second sections contiguous to each other at a juncture that extends longitudinally along the strip.
  • the first section is folded over onto the second section at the juncture to produce a folded strip which then is wound into a roll.
  • This basic version of the present invention may be enhanced by defining a third longitudinal section of the elongated strip of tissue paper which is contiguous with the second section.
  • the third longitudinal section is folded to overlap one of both of the first and second longitudinal sections.
  • a Z-shape fold pattern is produced.
  • lines of perforations may be formed transversely across the folded strip at substantially regular longitudinal spacings.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of a process for forming napkins according to the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a roll of folded napkins produced by this process, wherein a length of napkins have been pulled from the roll;
  • FIGURE 3 is a cross section view along line 3-3 across the strip of napkins that have been wound on the roll in Figure 2 ;
  • FIGURE 4 is a similar cross section view across the strip of napkins showing an alternative folding technique;
  • FIGURE 5 is an isometric view of a closed dispenser for the roll of napkins in Figure 2 ;
  • FIGURE 6 is an isometric view of the napkin dispenser in the open state with the roll of napkins removed;
  • FIGURE 7 is a detailed view of a napkin roll feeder mechanism in the dispenser
  • FIGURE 8 is a cross section view along line 8-8 of Figure 7 ; and FIGURE 9 is an isometric view of an end of a napkin roll mandrel used in the dispenser.
  • napkins according to the present invention are formed in an apparatus 10 which includes a typical unwind stand that holds a large roll 12 of tissue paper of a type commonly used in napkins.
  • the roll 12 may be 230 centimeters (cm) in diameter and 264 cm wide.
  • the tissue paper is unwound from the roll and fed between one or more pairs of rollers 14 which form an embossing station of the apparatus 10.
  • a pattern is embossed thereon.
  • the embossed pattern is not only decorative, but also enhances the resistance of the final napkin to sliding off the lap of a user.
  • the tissue paper sheet 16 passes through a printer 18 which prints a decorative pattern or indicia of the restaurant in which the napkins will be used.
  • the tissue paper 16 then travels to a slitting and trim station 20 which divides the strip of tissue paper 16 into lengthwise segments 21 from each of which a separate roll of finished napkins will be produced.
  • a 264 cm wide roll 12 may be slit into six segments each 43.5 cm wide. Any excess material is trimmed from the tissue paper strip and discarded.
  • the segments then feed in parallel through the remaining processing stations of the present napkin forming method.
  • the slitting may be done at a separate machine before embossing and then each slit segment is wound into a separate roll. Thereafter, the embossing and other process steps are performed separately on each segment .
  • greater product through-put is achieved by the parallel processing technique described herein.
  • Each of the six tissue paper segments 21 then passes through a first folding station 22 which takes a section comprising one-third of the segment width along one side and folds that section lengthwise over onto the remainder of the segment.
  • a 14.5 cm wide section along one longitudinal edge of the tissue paper segment 21 is folded lengthwise onto the 29 cm wide remaining section of the segment.
  • the tissue paper segments 21 then travel through a second folding station 24 in which a portion comprising one-third of the original segment width along the opposite edge of the segment is folded lengthwise along the segments.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the result of the preferred folding technique and shows one tissue paper segment 21 having a lengthwise center section 31 contiguous at juncture 34 with one of the edge sections 32 folded lengthwise against one side of the center section 31, and the opposite lengthwise edge section 33 folded at juncture 35 against the other side of the center section 31 to form a Z-shaped lengthwise folded tissue paper strip 30.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an alternative folding pattern for a tissue paper strip 36 in which both of the edge sections 37 and 38 are folded across the same side of the center lengthwise section 39.
  • the result of the folding operations shown in Figures 3 and 4 reduce the width of each tissue paper segment 21 to one-third the width of the original segment upon exiting the slitting station 20 (e.g. from 43.5 cm to 14.5 cm) .
  • Other folding patterns such as a half fold or a "C" fold, also may be performed at the folding stations 22 and 24. More than two folding stations may be provided for more intricate patterns.
  • the individual folded tissue paper strips 25 do not necessarily abut one another upon exiting the second folding station 24, but may be spaced from one another because of the folding operation. As a consequence, the individual tissue paper strips 25 then may pass through a combining station 26 which utilizes conventional turning bars (not shown) to bring the six strips 25 closer together thereby reducing the width of the napkin forming apparatus 10 at that point.
  • the folded tissue paper strips 25 then pass on to a typical continuous winder 28 and are spiral wound into separate rolls 42 of the desired diameter for the napkin dispensing equipment.
  • the rolls may or may not have a core.
  • the continuous winder 28 may employ center wind or surface wind principles and alternatively a start/stop winder could be used with the attendant decrease on production rate.
  • the continuous winder 28 optionally may perforate the folded tissue paper strips periodically along the length of the strips thereby defining individual folded napkins 44 and 45, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the transverse lines of perforations across the width of each tissue paper strip 25 as it is wound onto a roll 42 by the winder 28 facilitates the subsequent tearing of single napkin portions 44 and 45 from the roll 42 at a dispenser in the restaurant.
  • the need to perforate the folded napkin strip 25 may be eliminated through the use of a restaurant dispenser that has a mechanism which cuts off a napkin portion as the customer pulls the strip from the dispenser.
  • the individually wound rolls 42 may be approximately 30 cm in diameter and 14.5 cm wide. Each fully wound roll 42 is packaged into containers 29 for distribution to restaurants.
  • a major advantage of the present napkin making process is that the forming apparatus 10 produces a given quantity of napkins more rapidly and at significantly less cost than the best individual napkin folding equipment currently available.
  • FIGs 5 and 6 illustrate a dispenser 50 for a roll 42 of folded napkins as one would find in a restaurant.
  • the dispenser 50 includes a base 52 and a cover 54 pivotally connected at their rear edges by hinge 55 that enables the cover to be tilted backward to open the dispenser 50, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the base may have rubber feet on the bottom surface (not visible) to support the dispenser on a counter or a table.
  • a roll 42 of folded napkins is mounted on a mandrel 58 that extends across the base 52.
  • the mandrel 58 has a hub 59 at one end that rests on a shelf 60 along the inside edge of a first wall 57 on one side of the base 52.
  • the hub 59 is able to roll along the shelf 60 in directions indicated by arrows 61, or rotate in place on the shelf.
  • the other end of the mandrel 58 has a keystone shaped bracket 62 rotatably connected thereto as shown on Figure 9.
  • the mandrel 58 has a circular flange 64 at that other end with a shaft 66 projecting outwardly from the flange.
  • the shaft 66 extends through an aperture in the keystone shaped bracket 62 with a nut 68 threaded onto the end of the shaft thereby fixedly attaching the bracket to the shaft.
  • the shaft 66 engages a clutch mechanism 70 inside the mandrel 58 which allows the mandrel to turn in only one direction with respect to the keystone shaped bracket 62 as indicated by the arrow 72. This allows the roll of napkins to rotate in only that direction and prevents the exposed end of the roll from being pulled back into the dispenser 50 out of a user's reach.
  • the tapered sides of the keystone shaped bracket 62 have rims 74 there along which engage and receptacle 76 mounted on the second side of the dispenser base 52 as shown in Figures 7 and 8.
  • the receptacle 76 has a slot 75 which is shaped to receive the keystone shaped bracket 62 that is slid downward into the receptacle through an open top.
  • the rims 74 of the bracket 62 are received in receptacle grooves 77, thereby coupling the mandrel 58 in the receptacle 76.
  • the receptacle 76 is connected to a slider 78 which rides along a track 80 that is attached to the inside surface of the second wall 82 of the base 52.
  • the slider 78 has a coil spring 84 which is wound around a fixed pin 85 and which has a remote end 86 that is attached by a rivet 88 to the second wall 82 near the front of the base 52.
  • the spring 84 extends along the second wall 82 with the remainder of the spring being wrapped tighter around the pin 85. This stores energy in the coiled spring 84 which tends to uncoil the spring thereby exerting a force on the slider 78 which tends to move the slider toward the front of the base 52.
  • the mandrel 58 is removed and inserted through the center hole in a roll 42 of folded napkins. That assembly then is dropped into the base 52 of the dispenser 50 so that the keystone shaped bracket 62 slides downward into the receptacle 76 and the hub 59 at the opposite end of the mandrel 58 rests on the shelf 60 as shown in Figure 6.
  • the user pushed the roll toward the rear of the dispenser sliding the mandrel along the track 80 and shelf 60.
  • This allows the cover 54 to pivot down over the roll 42 and onto the top of the base 52.
  • a roller 89 is rotatably mounted inside the front 90 edge of the cover 54 and the roll of napkins rides against that roller.
  • the coil spring 84 pushes the slider 78 and the mandrel 58 toward the front of the dispenser base 52, the napkin roll 42 does not touch the inside of the cover 54, riding instead on the roller 89.
  • the front 92 of the base is open creating an opening 94 beneath the cover at the front of the dispenser 50 through which exposed end 96 of the napkin roll 42 projects.
  • the front 90 edge of the cover 54 is recessed and curves upward to allow the fingers of a customer to grip the exposed end 96 of the napkin roll .
  • the coil spring 84 maintains the roll in a forwardmost position within the dispenser so that the napkin end 96 always is exposed in the opening 94.
  • the person's fingers grasp the exposed end 96 and pull the end away and upward from the dispenser 50.
  • a perforation 40 along the roll 42 becomes aligned with the front edge 90 of the dispenser cover 54, the force of the napkins against the front edge causes tearing along that perforation and the separation of one napkin 45 from the roll 62.
  • an edge of the next napkin on the roll 42 drops downward forming a new exposed end 96 of the napkin roll for grasping by a customer.
  • the clutch mechanism 70 inside the mandrel 58 which allows the mandrel to turn in only one direction which prevents the exposed end 96 from being pulled back into the dispenser 50 out of a user's reach.
  • a continuous strip of several napkins 45 can be withdrawn together from the dispenser 50.
  • the customer can pull the strip upward thereby tearing the strip from the roll 42 at one of the perforations 40.
  • This allows the customer to obtain a napkin that is sized to that person's lap. For example, a larger person may extract two or three napkins sections 45 as a single unit from the dispenser 50 and, without separating the multiple sections, unfold and use them as a single large napkin.
  • the present rolled/folded napkin product enables a greater quantity of napkins to be held in a similar sized dispenser than with conventional folded stacked napkins.
  • the present dispenser also is easier and faster to load that stacked napkin dispensers.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)

Abstract

On produit des séries de serviettes sous la forme de bandes allongées de papier de soie présentant une première, une deuxième et une troisième portion longitudinale. La première portion est repliée contre l'un des côtés de la deuxième, et la troisième l'est contre le côté opposé de la deuxième. Les bandes de papier de soie ainsi pliées présentent des lignes de perforation (40) régulièrement espacées dans le sens longitudinal qui délimitent des serviettes séparées (45). Le papier de soie peut être estampé ou revêtu de motifs décoratifs ou informatifs imprimés. L'invention porte également sur un distributeur de rouleaux (42) de papier ainsi plié.
PCT/US1998/002224 1997-02-26 1998-02-09 Serviettes enroulees et pliees et leur procede de fabrication Ceased WO1998037794A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU62694/98A AU6269498A (en) 1997-02-26 1998-02-09 Rolled and folded napkins and method of making

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US80548597A 1997-02-26 1997-02-26
US08/805,485 1997-02-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998037794A1 true WO1998037794A1 (fr) 1998-09-03

Family

ID=25191688

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/002224 Ceased WO1998037794A1 (fr) 1997-02-26 1998-02-09 Serviettes enroulees et pliees et leur procede de fabrication

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6269498A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998037794A1 (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0922422A1 (fr) * 1997-12-10 1999-06-16 Jürgen Popp Rouleau de serviettes
WO2001009023A1 (fr) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Produits enroules distribuables dotes de marques indiquant la fin
GB2371209A (en) * 2001-01-19 2002-07-24 Foo Tai Wong Printed paper napkins
GB2377204A (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-01-08 Sca Hygiene Prod Gmbh Multi-ply tissue product
US6887554B2 (en) 2001-07-06 2005-05-03 Sca Hygiene Products Gmbh Multi-product
WO2006073558A1 (fr) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Carton jetable de distribution et d'affichage destine aux serviettes en papier et autres produits sous forme de rouleau
US7726515B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2010-06-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Decorative and disposable bath tissue dispenser
US7735771B2 (en) 2004-06-30 2010-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus and method for the concurrent converting of multiple web materials
CN101969827A (zh) * 2007-12-19 2011-02-09 Sca卫生用品公司 折叠的带穿孔的幅
US8097109B2 (en) 2004-12-14 2012-01-17 The Proctor & Gamble Company Method for the concurrent converting of multiple web materials
US8147473B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2012-04-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Folded fibrous structures
US9963314B2 (en) 2013-10-01 2018-05-08 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic paper product dispenser with data collection and method
US10383489B2 (en) 2012-02-10 2019-08-20 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic napkin dispenser
US10531770B2 (en) 2006-10-31 2020-01-14 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic napkin dispenser
US10575686B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2020-03-03 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic paper product dispenser and associated methods
US11297984B2 (en) 2006-10-31 2022-04-12 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic napkin dispenser

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1980059A (en) * 1934-05-09 1934-11-06 Housen Morris Paper napkin
US3326365A (en) * 1964-04-24 1967-06-20 George R Neureither Napkins or similar articles and method of manufacturing same
US3918661A (en) * 1973-07-30 1975-11-11 Shinhama Pump Mfg Co Ltd Paper roll holder
US4422585A (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-12-27 Alwin Manufacturing Company, Inc. Toilet paper dispenser with sliding mandrels
US4662578A (en) * 1985-12-16 1987-05-05 Shyamal Chakravorty Gravity actuated, unidirectional regulated tissue dispensing system
EP0399275A1 (fr) * 1989-05-22 1990-11-28 Wisconsin Tissue Mills Inc. Serviette pliée en papier avec poche pour ustensile
EP0402324A1 (fr) * 1989-06-08 1990-12-12 FABIO PERINI S.p.A. Appareil pour la production de serviettes et produits similaires

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1980059A (en) * 1934-05-09 1934-11-06 Housen Morris Paper napkin
US3326365A (en) * 1964-04-24 1967-06-20 George R Neureither Napkins or similar articles and method of manufacturing same
US3918661A (en) * 1973-07-30 1975-11-11 Shinhama Pump Mfg Co Ltd Paper roll holder
US4422585A (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-12-27 Alwin Manufacturing Company, Inc. Toilet paper dispenser with sliding mandrels
US4662578A (en) * 1985-12-16 1987-05-05 Shyamal Chakravorty Gravity actuated, unidirectional regulated tissue dispensing system
EP0399275A1 (fr) * 1989-05-22 1990-11-28 Wisconsin Tissue Mills Inc. Serviette pliée en papier avec poche pour ustensile
EP0402324A1 (fr) * 1989-06-08 1990-12-12 FABIO PERINI S.p.A. Appareil pour la production de serviettes et produits similaires

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0922422A1 (fr) * 1997-12-10 1999-06-16 Jürgen Popp Rouleau de serviettes
WO2001009023A1 (fr) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Produits enroules distribuables dotes de marques indiquant la fin
US6257410B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2001-07-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Dispensable products having end-wise indicia
GB2371209A (en) * 2001-01-19 2002-07-24 Foo Tai Wong Printed paper napkins
GB2371209B (en) * 2001-01-19 2004-05-12 Foo Tai Wong Napkins
GB2377204A (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-01-08 Sca Hygiene Prod Gmbh Multi-ply tissue product
US6887554B2 (en) 2001-07-06 2005-05-03 Sca Hygiene Products Gmbh Multi-product
US7735771B2 (en) 2004-06-30 2010-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus and method for the concurrent converting of multiple web materials
US8097109B2 (en) 2004-12-14 2012-01-17 The Proctor & Gamble Company Method for the concurrent converting of multiple web materials
WO2006073558A1 (fr) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Carton jetable de distribution et d'affichage destine aux serviettes en papier et autres produits sous forme de rouleau
US8695914B2 (en) 2004-12-30 2014-04-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Disposable dispensing and display carton for paper towels and other rolled products
US8147473B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2012-04-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Folded fibrous structures
US7726515B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2010-06-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Decorative and disposable bath tissue dispenser
US10531770B2 (en) 2006-10-31 2020-01-14 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic napkin dispenser
US11297984B2 (en) 2006-10-31 2022-04-12 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic napkin dispenser
CN101969827A (zh) * 2007-12-19 2011-02-09 Sca卫生用品公司 折叠的带穿孔的幅
US8668159B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2014-03-11 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Folded perforated web
US10383489B2 (en) 2012-02-10 2019-08-20 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic napkin dispenser
US10993591B2 (en) 2012-02-10 2021-05-04 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic napkin dispenser
US9963314B2 (en) 2013-10-01 2018-05-08 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic paper product dispenser with data collection and method
US10392217B2 (en) 2013-10-01 2019-08-27 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic paper product dispenser with data collection and method
US10575686B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2020-03-03 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic paper product dispenser and associated methods
US10806308B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2020-10-20 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic paper product dispenser and associated methods
US10945567B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2021-03-16 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Automatic paper product dispenser and associated methods

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