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WO1998036145A1 - Combinaison de deux parties composites pour cadres de porte et de fenetre - Google Patents

Combinaison de deux parties composites pour cadres de porte et de fenetre Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998036145A1
WO1998036145A1 PCT/EP1998/000492 EP9800492W WO9836145A1 WO 1998036145 A1 WO1998036145 A1 WO 1998036145A1 EP 9800492 W EP9800492 W EP 9800492W WO 9836145 A1 WO9836145 A1 WO 9836145A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
combination
plastic
composite
sections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1998/000492
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Massimo Ruzzon
Fabrizio Ruzzon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ral Infissi Srl
Original Assignee
Ral Infissi Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ral Infissi Srl filed Critical Ral Infissi Srl
Priority to AU62144/98A priority Critical patent/AU6214498A/en
Priority to EP98904162A priority patent/EP0960250A1/fr
Publication of WO1998036145A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998036145A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
    • E06B3/58—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like
    • E06B3/585—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like adjustable, e.g. for accommodating panes of various thickness, or with provisions for altering the clamping force on the pane
    • E06B3/5857—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like adjustable, e.g. for accommodating panes of various thickness, or with provisions for altering the clamping force on the pane the fixing being adjustable, e.g. in one of several possible positions
    • E06B3/5864—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like adjustable, e.g. for accommodating panes of various thickness, or with provisions for altering the clamping force on the pane the fixing being adjustable, e.g. in one of several possible positions with adjusting screws, wedges or cams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/30—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes
    • E06B3/301—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes consisting of prefabricated profiled members or glass
    • E06B3/303—Covering metal or plastic frames with wooden profiled members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
    • E06B3/5409—Means for locally spacing the pane from the surrounding frame

Definitions

  • This invention relates to composite sections used for producing window or door frames, the term composite here meaning those sections consisting substantially of a metal section, a wooden section and a plastic connection section which maintains the first two sections joined together while at the same time forming a barrier against thermal bridges.
  • window or door frames formed with known composite sections generally do not provide sufficient protection against thrusts exerted from the outside against the glass pane for house- breaking purposes, and even if protection devices against such house-breaking thrusts are sometimes provided, such devices prevent the mounting of panes or closure panels exceeding a certain thickness, the maximum allowable thickness being rather smal 1
  • the first stated object is attained by the combination of two composite sections for window or door frames of the invention, comprising a composite section for forming the fixed frame part (to be fixed to the wall), and a composite section for forming the wings of the window or door frame, each composite section comprising a metal section to remain on the outside, a wooden section to remain on the inside, and a plastic section irremovably connecting the first two sections together, characterised in that: the plastic section both of the fixed frame part and of the wing is irremovably snap-coupled to the relative metal section by coupling elements which, when coupling has been effected, are inaccessible from the outside; the plastic section of the fixed frame part is provided with an element which elastically deforms as a result of coupling the metal section and plastic section together, to exert a thrust which tends to urge the two sections apart; the coupling elements and the elastically deformable element of the plastic sections are provided on parts elastically deformable in a direction transverse to the section length, but parallel to the plane of the window or door frame.
  • the second stated object is attained by providing house-breaking protection blocks for insertion between the glass pane and the glazing fillet, these house-breaking protection blocks being connectable to the metal section of the wing to discharge onto it the house-breaking thrusts exerted from the outside against the glass, these blocks being able to be arranged in two different positions to enable panes or closure panels of any useful thickness to be mounted.
  • a wedge element is forcibly inserted between each house-breaking protection block and the glass.
  • the combination of composite sections for window or door frames comprises: a composite section, indicated overall by 100, for forming the fixed frame part of the window or door frame and fixed to the wall which is to contain the frame; and a composite section, indicated overall by 200, to form the wing frame part of the window or door frame
  • the fixed composite section 100 comprises a metal section 102 (for example of aluminium), a plastic section 104 and a wooden section 106, this latter being of usual type, whereas (as will be apparent to the expert of the art) the metal section 102 and the plastic section 104 are substantially more simple than the known sections used for this purpose.
  • the metal section 102 comprises a substantially C-shaped recessed part, on the inside of each arm of the C there being provided a relative tooth 107 of sawtooth shape, engageable with a corresponding tooth 108, also of sawtooth shape, provided on the outside of a relative tubular portion or lobe 110 of the plastic section 104.
  • the two lobes 110 are elastically deformable such that when the plastic section 104 is urged in the direction of the arrow F visible in the figure, its teeth 108 snap beyond the teeth 107, to definitively lock the plastic section 104 to the metal section 102.
  • the lobe shape of the portions 110 also enables the plastic section 104 to be centered relative to the metal section 102.
  • the plastic section 104 also has a central portion or lobe 112 (shown deformed in the figure) which when the plastic section 104 is fitted to the metal section 102 elastically deforms in the opposite direction to that of the arrow F, hence exerting a suitable elastic force tending to withdraw the plastic section 104 from the metal section 102, and maintaining it in the correct position.
  • This serves to counteract the forces arising from the insertion of the screws supporting the wing hinges, and which pass through the wooden section 106 and the plastic section 104, to be anchored in the metal section 102.
  • the lobe 112 is effectively the only part of the plastic section 104 which is deformed in the direction of the arrow F.
  • the plastic section 104 cannot be separated from the aluminium section 102 once the two have been fitted together. It can be seen from the figure that the plastic section 104 comprises a fin 114 which protects a large part of the relative side of the adjacent wooden section 106. The plastic section 104 is fixed to this latter in the usual manner, as can be seen from the figure.
  • the composite section 200 which forms the frame part for the wing of the window or door frame, is composed of a metal section 202, a wooden section 206 and a plastic section 204 which connects the first two together.
  • metal section 202 and plastic section 204 are more simple and hence less costly and easier to mount than known sections.
  • the metal section 202 also comprises a substantially C-shaped recessed part, on the inside of the two arms of the C there being provided respective teeth 207 (identical to the teeth 107 of the metal section 102 in this case) to be snap-engaged with the corresponding teeth 208 (identical to the teeth 108 of the plastic section 104) provided on the plastic section 204.
  • This latter is similar to the plastic section 104, it comprising two lobes 210 identical to the lobes 110.
  • the plastic section 204 does not comprise a central lobe of the lobe 112 type, because it is not required in this case. This is because there is not the need to counteract forces directed from the wooden section 206 towards the metal section 202, as there is for the fixed frame part.
  • a further difference between the plastic sections 104 and 204 is that the section 204 comprises a longitudinal projection 216 with a hook-shaped cross-section to engage the end of a relative fin 218 of the metal section 202. Consequently the plastic section 204 is mounted by firstly engaging the hook projection 216 with the corresponding fin 218 and then rotating the plastic section 204 towards the metal section 202 and forcing this latter so that its teeth 208 snap beyond the teeth 207 of the metal section 202.
  • the plastic section 204 becomes correctly positioned relative to the metal section 202, although small adaptation movements in the direction perpendicular to the arrow F are possible to elastically compensate the thermal expansion due to the different temperatures which the various materials can reach As can be noted from the figure, in practice the plastic section 204 cannot be separated from the metal section 202 once snap- fitted to it. The plastic section 204 is fixed to the wooden section 206 in the usual manner.
  • the seal between the two composite sections 100 and 200 towards the outside is provided by a conventional gasket 300 applicable to the metal section 102, to engage a U-shaped plastic section 400, rather than engage the metal section (as in the case of known composite section combinations), so achieving better insulation
  • the U-section 400 can be snap-fitted to a pair of ribs 220 and 222 of the metal section 202
  • the seal between the composite sections 100 and 200 towards the inside is provided by a conventional gasket 302 fixed to the wooden section 206 in the usual manner and engaging the wooden section 106.
  • the U-section 400 covers that channel of the metal section 202 lying between the ribs 220 and 222, at which the seam-jointing required for assembling the wings is made, so that the joints cannot be seen.
  • such seam joints are visible because they are formed in correspondence with the hardware channel, ⁇ e that channel of the metal section to which the wing hinges are also fixed Consequently, with this invention the two said functions (of housing the seam joints and housing the hardware) are performed by two different section channels, with the advantage that besides masking the seam joints the hardware channel (that between the ribs 222 and 218) is much closer to the wooden section 206 than in the case of the composite wing sections of the known art. Consequently the wing hinges, having a substantially shorter arm, are able to withstand much greater forces and can hence carry a heavier wing.
  • the hardware channel rests on the steps 402 and 224 provided respectively on the U-section 400 and on the hook end 218 of the plastic section 204, so as to thermally insulate the hardware from the metal section 202, in contrast to known composite wing sections
  • the described composite section combination is completed by blocks of substantially rigid plastic 410 (for example nylon) which as stated provide protection against house-breaking.
  • the blocks 410 have an arm 412 the free end of which is shaped as a hook 413 for engagement with a corresponding longitudinal rib 226 provided on the metal section 202.
  • Each house-breaking protection block 410 is fixed in the usual manner to the glazing fillet 230 and comprises a projection 414 for insertion between the glazing fillet 230 and the metal section 202 A part 416 of the house- breaking protection blocks 410 is interposed between the glass pane (or closure panel) 430 and the glazing fillet 230, against which it rests.
  • Such a shaping of the house-breaking protection block 410 enables greater house-breaking forces to be withstood than those wi thstandable by known house-breaking protection blocks.
  • the block 410 can also be arranged in two different positions, one of which (that shown in the figure) being for smaller pane or closure panel thicknesses, and the other enabling glass panes or panels of the maximum thickness used in practice (up to 40 mm) to be mounted.
  • this second position the hook 413 of the house-breaking protection block 410 is hooked to the longitudinal rib 213 of the metal section 202
  • a glazing fillet has to be used having a width in the direction of the arrow F less than that of the glazing fillet 230
  • a portion of that surface of the part 416 of the house-breaking protection blocks 410 facing the glass 430 comprises knurling 418 engageable with similar knurling 422 provided on the corresponding surface of a wedge element 420 of a substantially rigid plastic (such as nylon)
  • the wedge 410 is forcibly inserted between the part 416 of the relative house-breaking protection block 410 and the glass 430 In this manner a house-breaking force exerted on the glass in the opposite direction to the arrow F can be withstood without difficulty because it is transferred to the rib 226 of the metal section 202 by virtue of the hook shape of the arm 412 of the house-breaking protection block 410
  • the seal between the glass 430 and metal section 202 is provided by a conventional gasket 304, the seal between the glass 430 and the glazing fillet 230 being provided by a conventional gasket 306.
  • Said house-breaking protection blocks 410 also have the advantage of enabling the glass panes to be mounted without the use of glazing fillets 230, these latter being coupled afterwards to the blocks, the gasket 306 premounted on the glazing fillet 230 then being interposed to compensate the gap due to the block thickness.
  • the aforedesc ⁇ bed combination of composite sections 100 and 200 can be provided with a device for adjusting the position of the glass 430 within its plane, ⁇ e in a direction perpendicular to the arrow F.
  • a device for adjusting the position of the glass 430 within its plane, ⁇ e in a direction perpendicular to the arrow F This is possible because of the provision of a certain number of spacer blocks (the figure shows one block 440) between the metal section 202 and the edge 432 of the glass 430.
  • the position of each spacer block 440 relative to the section 202 can be adjusted by a screw device 450 screwable into a relative hole 452 provided in the corresponding wall of the metal section 202.
  • One end of the screw 450 is shaped to engage a relative cavity provided in the block 440 Hence by operating the screw 450 the position of the spacer block 440 relative to the metal section 202 can be adjusted.
  • the screw 450 must be adjusted before positioning the plastic U-section 400
  • the sections 106, 206 and 230 are of wooden construction
  • the metal sections 102 and 202 can be of aluminium, aluminium alloy or steel construction
  • the plastic sections 104, 204 and 400 can be for example of PVC construction
  • the house-breaking protection blocks 410 and relative wedges 420 can for example be of nylon construction, as can the spacer blocks 440.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne la combinaison de deux parties (100, 200) composites pour cadres de porte ou de fenêtre, comprenant une partie composite qui forme la partie dormante (à fixer au mur) et une partie composite qui forme les battants de porte ou de fenêtre. Chacun de ces éléments composites (100, 200) comprend une partie métallique (102, 202), une partie en bois (106, 206) et une partie en plastique (104, 204) reliant à demeure, les deux premières parties. La partie en plastique (104, 204), tant du dormant que du battant, est montée en force, à demeure, sur la partie métallique (102, 202) correspondante par des éléments (107, 108, 207, 208) de couplage qui, une fois le couplage effectué, sont inaccessibles de l'extérieur. La partie en plastique (104) de la partie dormante est pourvue d'un élément (112) qui se déforme élastiquement par suite du couplage de la partie métallique (102) et de la partie en plastique (104), de façon à exercer une poussée qui tend à écarter les deux parties. Les éléments (107, 108, 207, 208) de couplage et l'élément élastiquement déformable (112) équipent des pièces (110, 210, 112) élastiquement déformables dans une direction transversale à la longueur de partie, mais parallèle au plan du cadre de porte ou de fenêtre.
PCT/EP1998/000492 1997-02-14 1998-01-30 Combinaison de deux parties composites pour cadres de porte et de fenetre Ceased WO1998036145A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU62144/98A AU6214498A (en) 1997-02-14 1998-01-30 Combination of two composite sections for window or door frames
EP98904162A EP0960250A1 (fr) 1997-02-14 1998-01-30 Combinaison de deux parties composites pour cadres de porte et de fenetre

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI97A000319 1997-02-14
IT97MI000319A IT1290331B1 (it) 1997-02-14 1997-02-14 Assieme di due profilati compositi per serramenti

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998036145A1 true WO1998036145A1 (fr) 1998-08-20

Family

ID=11376025

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1998/000492 Ceased WO1998036145A1 (fr) 1997-02-14 1998-01-30 Combinaison de deux parties composites pour cadres de porte et de fenetre

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0960250A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6214498A (fr)
IT (1) IT1290331B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998036145A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2789111A1 (fr) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-04 Profils Systemes Cadres d'huisserie a rupture de pont thermique et leur procede de fabrication
WO2000075472A1 (fr) * 1999-06-04 2000-12-14 Mixall 2000 Srl Cadre dote de profiles de construction couvert de profiles interchangeables
ITPR20090027A1 (it) * 2009-04-15 2010-10-16 Coopsette Societa Cooperativa Dispositivo di supporto di un pannello e metodo per montare un pannello
ITMC20090134A1 (it) * 2009-06-04 2010-12-05 Alessandro Cirilli Dispositivo per la regolazione di infissi ed infisso corredato di detto dispositivo.
EP2385207A3 (fr) * 2010-02-16 2014-10-29 Dfv S.R.L. Système de production de cadres de fenêtre et de porte à mélange de bois et d'aluminium hautement isolant
JP2021525844A (ja) * 2018-05-24 2021-09-27 フィローブ カンパニー，リミテッド セグメント型ウィンドウフレームを含むスライディング窓戸システムを構成する固定窓のガラス固定ガスケット及び窓ガラスパネル固定ブラケットの取り付け構造
CN114396216A (zh) * 2021-12-03 2022-04-26 广东欧派克家居智能科技有限公司 一种门体结构
DE102024110195A1 (de) * 2024-04-11 2025-10-16 SCHÜCO International KG Tür oder Fenster mit einer Verstelleinrichtung zum Andrücken einer Flügelecke und / oder zum Anheben eines Flügels

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL70829Y1 (pl) * 2017-06-20 2019-06-28 Glass System Polska Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Profil montażowy do mocowania tafli szklanych

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1950670A1 (de) * 1969-10-08 1971-04-15 Herbert Borkhoff Drehkipp-,Schwing-,Wende-,Klapp-,Kipp- oder Drehfluegelfenster
DE2255162A1 (de) * 1972-11-10 1974-05-16 Pechiney Aluminium Druckverglaste fuellung einer bauwerksoeffnung, insbesondere festverglastes fenster
DE3245066A1 (de) * 1982-12-06 1984-06-07 Ernst 4102 Binningen Koller I-foermiger profilstab
EP0403439A1 (fr) * 1989-06-13 1990-12-19 Ruggero Rossetto Assemblage de vitrage ajustable
WO1991010801A1 (fr) * 1990-01-11 1991-07-25 Gasser Metallbau Des Gasser Erwin Systeme d'assemblage pour la fabrication de profiles composes
WO1993006329A1 (fr) * 1991-09-13 1993-04-01 Joint S.R.L. Profile composite d'ossature
WO1994025716A1 (fr) * 1993-04-28 1994-11-10 Erwin Gasser Profile composite
EP0695847A1 (fr) * 1994-08-02 1996-02-07 HYDRO ALUMINIUM SYSTEMS S.p.A. Ensemble de profilés mixtes métal-bois pour cadres de portes et fenêtres

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1950670A1 (de) * 1969-10-08 1971-04-15 Herbert Borkhoff Drehkipp-,Schwing-,Wende-,Klapp-,Kipp- oder Drehfluegelfenster
DE2255162A1 (de) * 1972-11-10 1974-05-16 Pechiney Aluminium Druckverglaste fuellung einer bauwerksoeffnung, insbesondere festverglastes fenster
DE3245066A1 (de) * 1982-12-06 1984-06-07 Ernst 4102 Binningen Koller I-foermiger profilstab
EP0403439A1 (fr) * 1989-06-13 1990-12-19 Ruggero Rossetto Assemblage de vitrage ajustable
WO1991010801A1 (fr) * 1990-01-11 1991-07-25 Gasser Metallbau Des Gasser Erwin Systeme d'assemblage pour la fabrication de profiles composes
WO1993006329A1 (fr) * 1991-09-13 1993-04-01 Joint S.R.L. Profile composite d'ossature
WO1994025716A1 (fr) * 1993-04-28 1994-11-10 Erwin Gasser Profile composite
EP0695847A1 (fr) * 1994-08-02 1996-02-07 HYDRO ALUMINIUM SYSTEMS S.p.A. Ensemble de profilés mixtes métal-bois pour cadres de portes et fenêtres

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"RIVISITATO E AGGIORNATO", NUOVA FINESTRA, vol. 17, no. 2, 1 February 1996 (1996-02-01), pages 39, XP000583676 *
"UN PORTONCINO MISTO E BLINDATO", NUOVA FINESTRA, vol. 16, no. 12, 1 December 1995 (1995-12-01), pages 39, XP000583542 *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2789111A1 (fr) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-04 Profils Systemes Cadres d'huisserie a rupture de pont thermique et leur procede de fabrication
WO2000075472A1 (fr) * 1999-06-04 2000-12-14 Mixall 2000 Srl Cadre dote de profiles de construction couvert de profiles interchangeables
ITPR20090027A1 (it) * 2009-04-15 2010-10-16 Coopsette Societa Cooperativa Dispositivo di supporto di un pannello e metodo per montare un pannello
ITMC20090134A1 (it) * 2009-06-04 2010-12-05 Alessandro Cirilli Dispositivo per la regolazione di infissi ed infisso corredato di detto dispositivo.
EP2270305A1 (fr) * 2009-06-04 2011-01-05 Alessandro Cirilli Dispositif d'adaption de l'inclinaison d'un cadre de fenêtre et cadre de fenêtre
EP2385207A3 (fr) * 2010-02-16 2014-10-29 Dfv S.R.L. Système de production de cadres de fenêtre et de porte à mélange de bois et d'aluminium hautement isolant
JP2021525844A (ja) * 2018-05-24 2021-09-27 フィローブ カンパニー，リミテッド セグメント型ウィンドウフレームを含むスライディング窓戸システムを構成する固定窓のガラス固定ガスケット及び窓ガラスパネル固定ブラケットの取り付け構造
JP7037851B2 (ja) 2018-05-24 2022-03-17 フィローブ カンパニー，リミテッド セグメント型ウィンドウフレームを含むスライディング窓戸システムを構成する固定窓のガラス固定ガスケット及び窓ガラスパネル固定ブラケットの取り付け構造
CN114396216A (zh) * 2021-12-03 2022-04-26 广东欧派克家居智能科技有限公司 一种门体结构
DE102024110195A1 (de) * 2024-04-11 2025-10-16 SCHÜCO International KG Tür oder Fenster mit einer Verstelleinrichtung zum Andrücken einer Flügelecke und / oder zum Anheben eines Flügels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6214498A (en) 1998-09-08
ITMI970319A1 (it) 1998-08-14
EP0960250A1 (fr) 1999-12-01
IT1290331B1 (it) 1998-10-22

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