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WO1998033871A1 - Procede et composition permettant de reduire les emissions d'un moteur a essence equipe d'un convertisseur catalytique a trois voies - Google Patents

Procede et composition permettant de reduire les emissions d'un moteur a essence equipe d'un convertisseur catalytique a trois voies Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998033871A1
WO1998033871A1 PCT/US1998/001728 US9801728W WO9833871A1 WO 1998033871 A1 WO1998033871 A1 WO 1998033871A1 US 9801728 W US9801728 W US 9801728W WO 9833871 A1 WO9833871 A1 WO 9833871A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
platinum
rhodium
composition according
gasoline
compounds
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1998/001728
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jeremy D. Peter-Hoblyn
James M. Valentine
Barry N. Sprague
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clean Diesel Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Clean Diesel Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clean Diesel Technologies Inc filed Critical Clean Diesel Technologies Inc
Priority to DE69827778T priority Critical patent/DE69827778T2/de
Priority to AT98908457T priority patent/ATE283333T1/de
Priority to EP98908457A priority patent/EP0970165B1/fr
Publication of WO1998033871A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998033871A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/1814—Chelates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)

Definitions

  • the invention relates to compositions and methods that enable reduction of emissions while permitting a gasoline engine to operate efficiently.
  • the art has endeavored to provide an additive for gasoline, which could be used for an entire fleet to maintain a suitable level of catalyst activity. It has further looked for a specific additive that could be added to gasoline at a suitable dosage to renew the activity of a catalytic converter that has lost vigor.
  • This search has been difficult because effectiveness for one purpose must be balanced with other factors such as chemical composition necessary to deliver the catalyst to the catalytic converter at a cost that is practical and safe in terms of toxicity and handling. This cost has been found to be a matter of initial synthesis as well as to the presence of incompatible chemical species. Other factors that need to be balanced include the requirement that the added chemical compositions not damage or alter in a negative way components and functions of the engine and its emission control system.
  • the search for effective catalytic fuel additives for improving the operation of a catalytic converter is a difficult technical problem because treatment of the various gaseous exhaust species presents conflicting requirements. For example, lowering emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are chemical oxidation problems while lowering emissions of NO x is a chemical reduction problem.
  • Catalytic converters are standard on gasoline-powered automobiles in countries where regulators are aggressively attempting to control air quality. Many attempts have been made to balance their cost and effectiveness over reasonable periods of operation and the determination of effective catalyst compositions has progressed to the point that it is generally understood that combinations of platinum, palladium and rhodium are required. The procedures for catalyzing new catalytic converters are also fairly well worked out. In addition, several attempts have been made to renew them during operation. To this end several gasoline additives have been mentioned.
  • the metal compounds have polar metal-Iigand bonds, preferably formed by purely inorganic ligands such as halogens, oxygen, etc.
  • the preferred compounds of platinum “are alkali salts of platinum hydrochloric acid X 2 PtCI 6 , where X is" potassium, rubidium or cesium.
  • Applicants have determined, however, that the chlorides have several disadvantages, among which are a corrosive effect on the exhaust system, including certain catalyst supports, and a tendency to release catalyst metals from a catalyst support due to a decrease in the vapor pressure of the metal compounds.
  • chlorides can present negative health and safety issues.
  • the concept of modulating concentration by varying the surface contact appears problematic in view of an expected variation of solubility with temperature and fuel composition.
  • composition of the invention comprises a blend of rhodium acetylacetonate and a fuel-soluble organo-platinum compound, preferably one selected from the group consisting of platinum acetylacetonate and compounds having the general formula XPtR- ⁇ R 2 wherein X is a ligand containing at least one unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond with an olefinic, acetylenic or aromatic pi bond configuration and Ri and R 2 are, independently, benzyl, phenyl, nitrobenzyl or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, e.g., diphenyl cyclooctadiene platinum(ll).
  • the process of the invention comprises operating a gasoline engine equipped with a three-way catalytic converter by combusting gasoline containing a rhodium- and platinum-containing composition as defined above.
  • the Figure is a graphical presentation of the results of engine tests run with the gasoline additive of the invention.
  • the invention relates to gasoline engines equipped with three-way catalytic converters.
  • This type of catalyst has become standard in the United States and many other countries for reducing the emissions of gaseous hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and NO x . They typically have functions effective for both chemical reduction of the NO x and chemical oxidation of the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. They are required by various regulatory bodies to meet specific standards. Those numerical limits are not intended to limit the definition of the "three-way catalytic converter" as set forth above.
  • Gasoline is defined herein to have its usual meaning and to include those fuels defined as such by the ASTM and European standards and is intended to include all fuels capable of operating an engine of the Otto type.
  • these will be hydrocarbon fuels which are characterized as having a boiling point within the gasoline fraction range, e.g., from 90 to 220° F, and will typically contain additives to increase the oxygen content, improve octane and maintain the engine free of deposits that would tend to decrease engine performance.
  • Gasoline engines equipped with three-way catalysts emit less NO x hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide when operated on fuels containing a bimetallic catalyst comprising rhodium acetylacetonate and a fuel-soluble platinum compound such as diphenyl cyclooctadiene platinum(ll) or platinum acetyl acetonate.
  • the total metals in the additive will be dosed at a concentration of less than about 2 ppm (e.g., 0.01 to 2 ppm based on the weight of metal in milligrams to volume of fuel in liters). Higher doses, e.g., up to about 10 ppm can be employed for shock treatments.
  • the additives will contain the appropriate concentrations of the metal compounds to give the appropriate dosage based on the amount of gasoline burned in the engine. Preferred dosages will be from about 0.15 to about 1.5 ppm, with a ratio of platinum to rhodium of from about 3:1 to about 15:1.
  • the compositions of the invention will preferably include a gasoline-miscible solvent such as mineral spirits, toluene and isopropyl alcohol.
  • platinum compounds are, in addition to platinum acetylacetonate, those having the general formula XPtR-
  • X is a ligand containing at least one unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond with an olefinic, acetylenic or aromatic pi bond configuration
  • Ri and R 2 are, independently, benzyl, phenyl, nitrobenzyl or alkyl having 1 to 10.
  • the preparation of the ligand- containing materials identified above is set out in the above patents to Bowers, et al., and Epperly, et al. The disclosures of these patents are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the rhodium and platinum acetylacetonate compounds are commercially available and easily synthesized.
  • the composition will be temperature stable, and substantially free of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, or halides.
  • a gasoline engine is fed a gasoline composition including the bimetallic catalyst composition of the invention.
  • the gasoline is combusted in a combustion chamber of the engine and the organic portions of the rhodium and platinum compounds are oxidized, thereby releasing the rhodium and platinum as active catalyst species in exhaust gases generated by the combustion.
  • the resulting exhaust gases are then passed through the catalytic converter whereby rhodium and platinum are deposited in the catalytic converter in active form.
  • Rhodium acetylacetonate is a commercially available material, and is unexpectedly effective when used in combination with a fuel-soluble platinum compound in the composition and method of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

Les moteurs à essence équipés d'un convertisseur catalytique à trois voies émettent moins de NOx, d'hydrocarbures et d'oxydes de carbone lorsqu'ils fonctionnent avec des carburants contenant un catalyseur bimétallique comprenant du rhodium-acétylacétonate et un composé de platine soluble dans le carburant tel que le diphényle cyclo-octadiène platine (II) ou le platine-acétylacétonate. La concentration totale en métaux de l'additif est dosée à moins de 2 mg/l (milligrammes de métal par litre d'essence) environ par rapport à la quantité d'essence brûlée dans le moteur. Les concentrations préférées sont comprises entre 0,15 environ et 1,5 mg/l environ, avec un rapport platine/rhodium compris entre environ 3:1 et environ 15:1.
PCT/US1998/001728 1997-01-31 1998-01-30 Procede et composition permettant de reduire les emissions d'un moteur a essence equipe d'un convertisseur catalytique a trois voies Ceased WO1998033871A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69827778T DE69827778T2 (de) 1997-01-31 1998-01-30 Verfahren zur verminderung von emissionen eines mit einem dreiwegekatalysator ausgerüsteten benzinmotors
AT98908457T ATE283333T1 (de) 1997-01-31 1998-01-30 Verfahren zur verminderung von emissionen eines mit einem dreiwegekatalysator ausgerüsteten benzinmotors
EP98908457A EP0970165B1 (fr) 1997-01-31 1998-01-30 Procede permettant de reduire les emissions d'un moteur a essence equipe d'un convertisseur catalytique a trois voies

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79229797A 1997-01-31 1997-01-31
US08/792,297 1997-01-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998033871A1 true WO1998033871A1 (fr) 1998-08-06

Family

ID=25156415

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/001728 Ceased WO1998033871A1 (fr) 1997-01-31 1998-01-30 Procede et composition permettant de reduire les emissions d'un moteur a essence equipe d'un convertisseur catalytique a trois voies

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20010001354A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0970165B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE283333T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69827778T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2232936T3 (fr)
TW (1) TW499475B (fr)
WO (1) WO1998033871A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7503944B2 (en) 2001-11-09 2009-03-17 Carroll Robert W Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080318765A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2008-12-25 Aradi Allen A Nanoalloys in emissions control after-treatment systems
US9341464B2 (en) 2011-10-17 2016-05-17 Atlas5D, Inc. Method and apparatus for sizing and fitting an individual for apparel, accessories, or prosthetics
US9511355B2 (en) 2013-11-26 2016-12-06 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) System and methods for using synergized PGM as a three-way catalyst
US20140274662A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Cdti Systems and Methods for Variations of ZPGM Oxidation Catalysts Compositions
US9511350B2 (en) 2013-05-10 2016-12-06 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) ZPGM Diesel Oxidation Catalysts and methods of making and using same
US9771534B2 (en) 2013-06-06 2017-09-26 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) Diesel exhaust treatment systems and methods
US9545626B2 (en) 2013-07-12 2017-01-17 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. Optimization of Zero-PGM washcoat and overcoat loadings on metallic substrate
US9511358B2 (en) 2013-11-26 2016-12-06 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. Spinel compositions and applications thereof
EP3151949A1 (fr) 2014-06-06 2017-04-12 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. Catalyseurs à rhodium-fer
US9731279B2 (en) 2014-10-30 2017-08-15 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. Thermal stability of copper-manganese spinel as Zero PGM catalyst for TWC application
US10013756B2 (en) 2015-03-13 2018-07-03 Atlas5D, Inc. Methods and systems for measuring use of an assistive device for ambulation
US9700841B2 (en) 2015-03-13 2017-07-11 Byd Company Limited Synergized PGM close-coupled catalysts for TWC applications
US9951706B2 (en) 2015-04-21 2018-04-24 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. Calibration strategies to improve spinel mixed metal oxides catalytic converters
US10533472B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2020-01-14 Cdti Advanced Materials, Inc. Application of synergized-PGM with ultra-low PGM loadings as close-coupled three-way catalysts for internal combustion engines
US9861964B1 (en) 2016-12-13 2018-01-09 Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. Enhanced catalytic activity at the stoichiometric condition of zero-PGM catalysts for TWC applications
US10265684B2 (en) 2017-05-04 2019-04-23 Cdti Advanced Materials, Inc. Highly active and thermally stable coated gasoline particulate filters

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4891050A (en) * 1985-11-08 1990-01-02 Fuel Tech, Inc. Gasoline additives and gasoline containing soluble platinum group metal compounds and use in internal combustion engines
US5034020A (en) * 1988-12-28 1991-07-23 Platinum Plus, Inc. Method for catalyzing fuel for powering internal combustion engines

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4891050A (en) * 1985-11-08 1990-01-02 Fuel Tech, Inc. Gasoline additives and gasoline containing soluble platinum group metal compounds and use in internal combustion engines
US5034020A (en) * 1988-12-28 1991-07-23 Platinum Plus, Inc. Method for catalyzing fuel for powering internal combustion engines

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7503944B2 (en) 2001-11-09 2009-03-17 Carroll Robert W Method and composition for improving fuel combustion
US8287607B2 (en) 2001-11-09 2012-10-16 Robert Wilfred Carroll Method and composition for improving fuel combustion
US8945244B2 (en) 2001-11-09 2015-02-03 Robert W. Carroll Method and composition for improving fuel combustion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69827778D1 (de) 2004-12-30
EP0970165A4 (fr) 2001-01-24
ES2232936T3 (es) 2005-06-01
ATE283333T1 (de) 2004-12-15
TW499475B (en) 2002-08-21
US20010001354A1 (en) 2001-05-24
EP0970165A1 (fr) 2000-01-12
DE69827778T2 (de) 2005-11-10
EP0970165B1 (fr) 2004-11-24

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