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WO1998032377A1 - Rotating mechanism for dental panorex - Google Patents

Rotating mechanism for dental panorex Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998032377A1
WO1998032377A1 PCT/FR1998/000149 FR9800149W WO9832377A1 WO 1998032377 A1 WO1998032377 A1 WO 1998032377A1 FR 9800149 W FR9800149 W FR 9800149W WO 9832377 A1 WO9832377 A1 WO 9832377A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
movable plate
balls
plates
grooves
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/FR1998/000149
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French (fr)
Inventor
Catalin Stoichita
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP98904233A priority Critical patent/EP0961576A1/en
Publication of WO1998032377A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998032377A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/51Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for dentistry
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/18Machines moving with multiple degrees of freedom

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotation mechanism for dental panning. It applies in the field of design and manufacture of dental panoramic views. These devices, also called “orthopentoraograph.es", are used in dental radiology. They make it possible to take an X-ray picture giving an overall image of the human maxillofacial block.
  • a dental panoramic includes a movable part (commonly called “the arm") rotating around the patient's head, the patient remaining immobile.
  • the arm carries at one of these ends an X-ray generator and at the other end a means sensitive to X-rays such as a film that can be impressed by exposure to said rays.
  • the patient During an operating phase of the device, called the "exploration" phase, the patient remains stationary and the arm rotates such that the X-ray generator, the patient's head, and the film remain substantially aligned.
  • the angle swept by the arm during this rotation is generally greater than 220 °.
  • the film performs a movement perfectly synchronized with the movement of the arm.
  • the X-rays emitted by the generator and limited to a beam pass through the patient's head, exit from the side of the teeth, and impress the film.
  • the movements of the arm and of the film combine in such a way that the image obtained represents the section of the maxillofacial block.
  • the present invention relates to a rotation mechanism for ensuring the movement of the arm.
  • the movement of the film is therefore not affected by the invention.
  • it can be advantageously replaced by an electronic device fixed relative to the arm.
  • Such a device comprises an image sensor which makes it possible to generate an image of the maxillofacial block in the form of digital information.
  • French patent application No. 93 12962 comprises an image sensor which makes it possible to generate an image of the maxillofacial block in the form of digital information.
  • the movement of the arm must be such that a constant distance is maintained between the film and the jaw.
  • the movement of the end of the arm should therefore be close to the shape of a jaw. This form is a form of ellipse.
  • a mechanism comprising three stepping motors making it possible to translate the arm along first and second orthogonal axes, and to rotate it around a third orthogonal axis, audits first and second axes. These three motors give the arm an elliptical movement. This mechanism with three degrees of independence is very complex and costly in that it has three motors.
  • a mechanism comprising a first table which can be translated by means of eight wheels, a second table resting on said first table on which it can be translated by means of four wheels, a cam disposed between the two tables limiting the movement of the assembly to finally impose an elliptical trajectory at the end of an arm.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks of the rotation mechanisms of the prior art.
  • the invention proposes a rotation mechanism for dental panoramic devices comprising:
  • a second plate movable relative to said first plate on which it rests by means of at least three balls;
  • each comprising grooves in number equal to the number of balls, in which said balls can roll, each ball penetrating a groove in the fixed plate and in a groove in the movable plate;
  • FIG. 4 a diagram of a dental panoramic including the rotation mechanism according to the invention
  • the rotation mechanism according to the invention comprises two plates 1 and 2.
  • the plate 2 is fixed. For example it is fixed to the frame 6 of the dental panoramic apparatus ( Figure 4).
  • Plate 1 is movable relative to plate 2.
  • the movable plate 1 rests by gravity on the fixed plate 2 via several balls (figure
  • the mechanism comprises three balls 5a, 5b, 5c. There are therefore three grooves 3a, 3b, 3c or 4a, 4b, 4c on each plate respectively 1 and 2. In the assembled position ( Figure 1) each ball 5a, 5b, 5c partially penetrates into a groove respectively 3a, 3b, 3c of the movable plate 1 and in a groove 4a, 4b, 4c respectively of the fixed plate 2.
  • the depth of the grooves in the plates is absolutely constant.
  • the plates 1 and 2 are kept parallel by the intermediary of the balls, these having an identical diameter.
  • the distance between the plates 1 and 2 is imposed by the diameter of the balls and the depth of the grooves.
  • the balls are made of hard steel and have a diameter of 10mm.
  • the distance between the plates is then 0.4mm.
  • the path of the grooves on the plates is such that for any position of the movable plate 1 relative to the fixed plate 2, there are three locations where the grooves are exactly superimposed and in which each ball can respectively be.
  • each ball 5a, 5b or 5c wedged between a pair of grooves 3a-4a, 3b-4b, 3c-4c respectively can only be found in one and only corresponding location at the location where said pairs of grooves overlap. In this way, the balls roll without sliding when the movable plate is set in motion relative to the fixed plate.
  • the movable plate 1 drives the balls 5a, 5b and 5c in rolling, these successively occupying said locations to which the pairs of grooves 3a-4a, 3b-4b, and 3c-4c respectively overlap.
  • the movable plate 1 moves without play relative to the fixed plate 2.
  • the path of the grooves and their section are chosen according to the movement to be carried out and, as has been said, so that that the balls roll without sliding. It will be noted that the design of the grooves is not necessarily the same on the movable plate 1 and on the fixed plate 2.
  • the path of the grooves is produced by calculations. Of course, those skilled in the art know that they can use a computer to perform these calculations.
  • the connecting means between the movable plate and the fixed plate that constitute the balls cooperating with the grooves simultaneously fulfill three different functions. On the one hand they allow the plate 1 to rest on the plate 2 in a mobile manner. On the other hand, they allow a geometric movement of the movable plate according to the determined trajectory. Last but not least, they make it possible to eliminate the clearances between the two plates.
  • the profile of the grooves is preferably in the form of a V or in the form of an arc of a circle.
  • the plates 1 and 2 are made of hard steel. They are of identical dimensions (200mm x 200mm) and of the same thickness equal to 15mm.
  • Figure 3 there is shown an exploded view of the plates 1 and 2 and the balls 5a to 5c.
  • This figure illustrates the mounting of the mechanism.
  • the fixed plate 2 is placed flat, the face comprising the grooves 4a to 4c facing upwards.
  • the balls 5a to 5c are deposited on the grooves 4a to 4c respectively.
  • the respective position of each of the balls relative to the others is determined during assembly, for example in positioning each ball 5a to 5c at the end of its associated groove 4a to 4c respectively.
  • the movable plate 1 is then placed on the balls, its face comprising the grooves being oriented downwards, so that each groove 3a to 3c comes to overlap with a ball respectively 5a to 5c.
  • This part has the shape of a thin plate inside which holes are provided.
  • the diameter of the orifices is slightly less than that of the balls, but is sufficient so that, when a ball is placed on top of an orifice, it protrudes substantially on the other side of the plate (but without crossing it).
  • the orifices are located at the vertices of a polygon whose sides and angles define the position of each ball relative to the other balls (this is called the "support polygon" determined by the balls).
  • This part has in a way the position of a pattern for the relative positioning of the balls. In the assembled position, this part remains in place between the two plates and moves with the balls, the relative position of which remains identical. Of course, the thickness of this part is then less than the spacing provided between the two plates 1 and 2.
  • the rotation mechanism according to the invention further comprises a means for setting in motion the movable plate 1 relative to the fixed plate 2. These means are not shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown the rotation mechanism according to the invention installed in a panoramic.
  • This comprises an arm secured to the movable plate 1.
  • This arm comprises a first element 7 which carries a generator 8 of X-rays.
  • Element 7 of the arm is secured to a second element 10 via a third element or tube 11.
  • a film or an image sensor 9 is carried by said second element 10.
  • Elements 1, 7, 8, 11, 10 and 9 above make up the mobile assembly of the panoramic.
  • the fixed plate 2 is integral with a frame 6 of the pan.
  • the path of the grooves on the plates 1 and 2 determines the trajectory of the movable plate relative to the fixed plate 2 and therefore the exploration movement of the movable assembly around the head 13 of the patient.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown an embodiment of the means for setting in motion the movable plate 1.
  • these means comprise a rotary electric motor 14 (optionally provided with a reducer) integral with the tube 11 of the arm the pan on which it is mounted using a fixing 13.
  • the shaft 15 of the motor is integral with a first end of a connecting rod 16 carrying at its other end a wheel 17. This wheel can rotate freely around its axis 18 which is crimped on said end of the connecting rod.
  • the torque of its shaft 15 presses the wheel 17 against a wall of the frame 6.
  • the body of the motor rotates by driving the tube 11 of which it is integral, that is to say also the moving set of the pan.
  • the means for setting in motion the plate mobile are integrated in the two plates. They comprise two groups of separate elements and disposed respectively on one and the other of the two plates.
  • the various elements of said groups can be: conductive parts acting as short-circuited turns, pole pieces, magnets, packets of sheets and, as a general rule, everything found in electromagnetic circuits. of rotary motors.
  • rotary motors we know that all types of known rotary motors (direct current, alternating current, synchronous or asynchronous, step-by-step, variable reluctance or pre-polarized magnetic circuit etc.) can be "unwound" flat , thus creating a corresponding machine, commonly known as a linear motor.
  • the magnetic circuit of such a linear motor crosses the space separating the movable plate 1 from the fixed plate 2.
  • This space acts as the air gap of the linear motor.
  • the heaviest part carried by the pan arm is generally the X-ray generator 8. However, this is located at the point furthest from the arm relative to the bearing area of the movable plate 1 on the fixed plate 2 (see FIG. 4). This situation creates the conditions for the mobile assembly to tilt, the mobile plate simply being placed on the fixed plate by means of the balls and not guaranteed against lifting.
  • One solution is to use a counterweight mounted in the right place, on the side of the image sensor 9. the increase in the total weight of the camera is the most obvious drawback of this solution.
  • Another solution consists in making plates 1 and 2 large enough to include the center of gravity of the mobile assembly in the support polygon determined by the balls. This solution creates secondary problems: difficult machining, manufacturing price, total volume of the device, etc. This is why, in an improved variant of the present invention, the gravitational force which unbalances the arm is compensated by a force of attraction exerted by one or more magnets positioned on one or on the two plates 1 and 2. The magnets attract each other or they attract ferromagnetic parts located opposite on the opposite plate. These magnets are ideally placed on the side furthest from the X-ray generator 8.
  • the magnets generating the force of attraction between the two plates are part of the groups of elements which imprint the movement of the movable plate by electromagnetic interaction.
  • the magnets fulfill two functions at the same time: polarization of the magnetic circuit of the linear motor on the one hand, and generation of a balancing force of the arm on the other hand.
  • This version is the most recommended because it combines all the advantages and savings.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention concerns a rotating mechanism for dental panorex comprising a mobile plate (1) resting on a fixed plate (2) by means of at least three balls (5a, 5b, 5c) capable of rolling without sliding in the grooves (3a, 3b, 3c; 4a, 4b, 4c) whose path determines the movement without backlash of the mobile plate (1) with respect to the fixed plate (2).

Description

Mécanisme de rotation pour panoramique dentaire. Rotation mechanism for dental panoramic.

La présente invention se rapporte à un mécanisme de rotation pour panoramique dentaire. Elle s'applique dans le domaine de la conception et de la fabrication des panoramiques dentaires. Ces appareils, aussi appelés "orthopentoraograph.es" , sont utilisés dans la radiologie dentaire. Il permettent de prendre un cliché radiologique donnant une image d ' ensemble du bloc maxillo-facial humain.The present invention relates to a rotation mechanism for dental panning. It applies in the field of design and manufacture of dental panoramic views. These devices, also called "orthopentoraograph.es", are used in dental radiology. They make it possible to take an X-ray picture giving an overall image of the human maxillofacial block.

Un panoramique dentaire comprend une partie mobile (communément appelé "le bras") tournant autour de la tête du patient, celui-ci restant immobile. Le bras porte à l'une de ces extrémités un générateur de rayons X et à l'autre extrémité un moyen sensible aux rayons X tel qu'un film pouvant être impressionné par l'exposition auxdits rayons.A dental panoramic includes a movable part (commonly called "the arm") rotating around the patient's head, the patient remaining immobile. The arm carries at one of these ends an X-ray generator and at the other end a means sensitive to X-rays such as a film that can be impressed by exposure to said rays.

Pendant une phase de fonctionnement de l'appareil, dite phase d' "exploration" , le patient reste fixe et le bras effectue une rotation telle que le générateur de rayons X, la tête du patient, et le film restent sensiblement alignés. L'angle balayé par le bras au cours de cette rotation est en général supérieur à 220°.During an operating phase of the device, called the "exploration" phase, the patient remains stationary and the arm rotates such that the X-ray generator, the patient's head, and the film remain substantially aligned. The angle swept by the arm during this rotation is generally greater than 220 °.

Dans le même temps, le film exécute un mouvement parfaitement synchronisé au mouvement du bras. Les rayons X émis par le générateur et limités à un faisceau, traversent la tête du patient, sortent du côté des dents, et impressionnent le film. Les mouvements du bras et du film se combinent de telle façon que 1 ' image obtenue représente la section du bloc maxillo-facial. La présente invention se rapporte à un mécanisme de rotation pour assurer le mouvement du bras. Le mouvement du film n'est donc pas concerné par l'invention. On peut d'ailleurs noter que celui-ci peut être avantageusement remplacé par un dispositif électronique fixe par rapport au bras. Un tel dispositif comprend un capteur d'image qui permet de générer une image du bloc maxillo-facial sous la forme d'informations numériques. On pourra à cet égard se référer à la demande de brevet français n° 93 12962.At the same time, the film performs a movement perfectly synchronized with the movement of the arm. The X-rays emitted by the generator and limited to a beam, pass through the patient's head, exit from the side of the teeth, and impress the film. The movements of the arm and of the film combine in such a way that the image obtained represents the section of the maxillofacial block. The present invention relates to a rotation mechanism for ensuring the movement of the arm. The movement of the film is therefore not affected by the invention. We can also note that it can be advantageously replaced by an electronic device fixed relative to the arm. Such a device comprises an image sensor which makes it possible to generate an image of the maxillofacial block in the form of digital information. In this regard, reference may be made to French patent application No. 93 12962.

Pour des raisons liées à la projection d'images (notamment la nécessité d'un agrandissement constant) , le mouvement du bras doit être tel qu'une distance constante est maintenue entre le film et la mâchoire. Le mouvement de l'extrémité du bras doit donc être proche de la forme d'une mâchoire. Cette forme est une forme d'ellipse.For reasons related to the projection of images (in particular the need for constant enlargement), the movement of the arm must be such that a constant distance is maintained between the film and the jaw. The movement of the end of the arm should therefore be close to the shape of a jaw. This form is a form of ellipse.

Dans l'état de la technique, on connaît plus d'une dizaine de mécanismes de rotation différents. Ces mécanismes comportent en général des moyens tels que des glissières et/ou des cames profilées, combinés avec des moyens de transmission mécanique complexes par courroies, chaînes, engrenages, etc..In the state of the art, more than a dozen different rotation mechanisms are known. These mechanisms generally include means such as slides and / or profiled cams, combined with complex mechanical transmission means by belts, chains, gears, etc.

On connaît ainsi un mécanisme comportant trois moteurs pas-à-pas permettant de translater le bras suivant un premier et un deuxième axes orthogonaux, et de le faire tourner autour d'un troisième axe orthogonal audits premier et deuxième axes. Ces trois moteurs permettent de donner au bras un mouvement elliptique. Ce mécanisme à trois degrés d'indépendance est très complexe et coûteux dans la mesure où il comporte trois moteurs.A mechanism is thus known comprising three stepping motors making it possible to translate the arm along first and second orthogonal axes, and to rotate it around a third orthogonal axis, audits first and second axes. These three motors give the arm an elliptical movement. This mechanism with three degrees of independence is very complex and costly in that it has three motors.

On connaît également un mécanisme comportant une première table pouvant être translatée par l'intermédiaire de huit roues, une seconde table reposant sur ladite première table sur laquelle elle peut être translatée par l'intermédiaire de quatre roues, une came disposée entre les deux tables limitant le mouvement de l'ensemble pour imposer finalement une trajectoire elliptique à l'extrémité d'un bras.A mechanism is also known comprising a first table which can be translated by means of eight wheels, a second table resting on said first table on which it can be translated by means of four wheels, a cam disposed between the two tables limiting the movement of the assembly to finally impose an elliptical trajectory at the end of an arm.

Tous les mécanismes connus sont complexes car utilisant un grand nombre de pièces différentes. De plus ils présentent des jeux mécaniques, des frottements et des vibrations, qui sont nuisibles à la qualité du cliché radiologique.All known mechanisms are complex because they use a large number of different parts. In addition they have mechanical play, friction and vibration, which are detrimental to the quality of the radiograph.

La présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients des mécanismes de rotation de 1 ' état de la technique.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks of the rotation mechanisms of the prior art.

A cet effet, l'invention propose un mécanisme de rotation pour appareils panoramiques dentaires comprenant :To this end, the invention proposes a rotation mechanism for dental panoramic devices comprising:

- une première plaque fixe;- a first fixed plate;

- une seconde plaque mobile par rapport à ladite première plaque sur laquelle elle repose par l'intermédiaire d'au moins trois billes;- A second plate movable relative to said first plate on which it rests by means of at least three balls;

- des moyens pour la mise en mouvement de la plaque mobile;- Means for setting in motion the movable plate;

- les faces des deux plaques en regard l'une de l'autre comprenant chacune des gorges en nombre égal au nombre de billes, dans lesquelles lesdites billes peuvent rouler, chaque bille pénétrant dans une gorge de la plaque fixe et dans une gorge de la plaque mobile;the faces of the two plates facing one another, each comprising grooves in number equal to the number of balls, in which said balls can roll, each ball penetrating a groove in the fixed plate and in a groove in the movable plate;

- le trajet de ces gorges sur les plaques étant tel que, pour toute position de la plaque mobile, il existe trois emplacements où les gorges se superposent exactement et dans lesquels chaque bille peut respectivement se trouver, de telle manière que les billes roulent sans glissement lorsque la plaque mobile est mise en mouvement. Ce mécanisme est particulièrement simple dans la mesure où il ne comprend essentiellement que deux plaques et des billes. Il présente aussi l'avantage de supprimer les jeux mécaniques. D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de 1 ' invention apparaîtront encore à la lecture de la description d'un exemple de réalisation qui va suivre. Celle-ci est purement illustrative et doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels on a représenté:- The path of these grooves on the plates being such that, for any position of the movable plate, there are three locations where the grooves are superimposed exactly and in which each ball can be respectively, so that the balls roll without sliding when the movable plate is set in motion. This mechanism is particularly simple in that it essentially comprises only two plates and balls. It also has the advantage of eliminating mechanical play. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the description of an exemplary embodiment which follows. This is purely illustrative and should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

- à la figure 1: une vue des deux plaques du mécanisme en position assemblée;- in Figure 1: a view of the two plates of the mechanism in the assembled position;

- à la figure 2: une vue des faces des deux plaques mises côte à côte, qui se trouvent en regard l'une de l'autre en position assemblée;- in Figure 2: a view of the faces of the two plates placed side by side, which are opposite one another in the assembled position;

- à la figure 3 : une vue éclatée montrant le montage des deux plaques et des billes;- in Figure 3: an exploded view showing the mounting of the two plates and balls;

- à la figure 4: un schéma d'un panoramique dentaire comprenant le mécanisme de rotation selon l'invention;- in Figure 4: a diagram of a dental panoramic including the rotation mechanism according to the invention;

- à la figure 5: un exemple de réalisation des moyens de mise en mouvement de la plaque mobile selon 1' invention.- in Figure 5: an exemplary embodiment of the means for moving the movable plate according to one invention.

Sur les figures, les mêmes éléments portent les mêmes références.In the figures, the same elements have the same references.

Le mécanisme de rotation selon 1 ' invention comporte deux plaques 1 et 2. La plaque 2 est fixe. Par exemple elle est fixée au bâti 6 de l'appareil panoramique dentaire (figure 4) . La plaque 1 est mobile par rapport à la plaque 2.The rotation mechanism according to the invention comprises two plates 1 and 2. The plate 2 is fixed. For example it is fixed to the frame 6 of the dental panoramic apparatus (Figure 4). Plate 1 is movable relative to plate 2.

La plaque mobile 1 repose par gravité sur la plaque fixe 2 par l'intermédiaire de plusieurs billes (figureThe movable plate 1 rests by gravity on the fixed plate 2 via several balls (figure

1) . Ces billes sont au moins au nombre de trois de manière à ce que la plaque mobile repose sur la plaque fixe avec stabilité. Les faces des deux plaques 1 et 2 qui sont en regard 1 ' une de 1 * autre comprennent chacune des gorges en nombre égal au nombre de billes. Dans un exemple préféré mais non limitatif, le mécanisme comporte trois billes 5a, 5b, 5c. Il y a donc trois gorges 3a, 3b, 3c ou 4a, 4b, 4c sur chaque plaque respectivement 1 et 2. En position assemblée (figure 1) chaque bille 5a, 5b, 5c pénètre partiellement dans une gorge respectivement 3a, 3b, 3c de la plaque mobile 1 et dans une gorge respectivement 4a, 4b, 4c de la plaque fixe 2.1). These balls are at least three in number so that the movable plate rests on the fixed plate with stability. The faces of the two plates 1 and 2 which are opposite one of the other each include grooves in number equal to the number of balls. In a preferred but nonlimiting example, the mechanism comprises three balls 5a, 5b, 5c. There are therefore three grooves 3a, 3b, 3c or 4a, 4b, 4c on each plate respectively 1 and 2. In the assembled position (Figure 1) each ball 5a, 5b, 5c partially penetrates into a groove respectively 3a, 3b, 3c of the movable plate 1 and in a groove 4a, 4b, 4c respectively of the fixed plate 2.

De préférence, la profondeur des gorges dans les plaques est absolument constante. De la sorte, les plaques 1 et 2 sont maintenues parallèles par l'intermédiaire des billes, celles-ci ayant un diamètre identique. La distance entre les plaques 1 et 2 est imposée par le diamètre des billes et la profondeur des gorges. Dans un exemple, les billes sont en acier dur et ont un diamètre de 10mm. La distance entre les plaques est alors de 0,4mm. Le trajet des gorges sur les plaques est tel que pour toute position de la plaque mobile 1 par rapport à la plaque fixe 2, il existe trois emplacements où les gorges se superposent exactement et dans lesquelles chaque bille peut respectivement se trouver. Dit autrement, pour chaque position de la plaque mobile, chaque bille 5a, 5b ou 5c coincée entre un couple de gorges respectivement 3a-4a, 3b-4b, 3c-4c, ne peut se trouver qu'à un seul et unique emplacement correspondant à 1 ' emplacement où lesdits couples de gorges se superposent. De cette manière, les billes roulent sans glissement lorsque la plaque mobile est mise en mouvement par rapport à la plaque fixe.Preferably, the depth of the grooves in the plates is absolutely constant. In this way, the plates 1 and 2 are kept parallel by the intermediary of the balls, these having an identical diameter. The distance between the plates 1 and 2 is imposed by the diameter of the balls and the depth of the grooves. In one example, the balls are made of hard steel and have a diameter of 10mm. The distance between the plates is then 0.4mm. The path of the grooves on the plates is such that for any position of the movable plate 1 relative to the fixed plate 2, there are three locations where the grooves are exactly superimposed and in which each ball can respectively be. In other words, for each position of the movable plate, each ball 5a, 5b or 5c wedged between a pair of grooves 3a-4a, 3b-4b, 3c-4c respectively, can only be found in one and only corresponding location at the location where said pairs of grooves overlap. In this way, the balls roll without sliding when the movable plate is set in motion relative to the fixed plate.

Au fur et à mesure de son déplacement, la plaque mobile 1 entraîne en roulage les billes 5a, 5b et 5c, celles-ci occupant successivement lesdits emplacements auxquels les couples de gorges respectivement 3a-4a, 3b-4b, et 3c-4c se superposent. De cette manière, la plaque mobile 1 se déplace sans jeu par rapport à la plaque fixe 2. Le trajet des gorges et leur section sont choisis en fonction du mouvement à réaliser et, ainsi qu'on l'a dit, de manière à ce que les billes roulent sans glissement. On notera que le dessin des gorges n'est pas nécessairement le même sur la plaque mobile 1 et sur la plaque fixe 2. Le trajet des gorges est réalisé par calculs. Bien entendu, l'homme du métier sait qu'il peut utiliser un ordinateur pour réaliser ces calculs.As it moves, the movable plate 1 drives the balls 5a, 5b and 5c in rolling, these successively occupying said locations to which the pairs of grooves 3a-4a, 3b-4b, and 3c-4c respectively overlap. In this way, the movable plate 1 moves without play relative to the fixed plate 2. The path of the grooves and their section are chosen according to the movement to be carried out and, as has been said, so that that the balls roll without sliding. It will be noted that the design of the grooves is not necessarily the same on the movable plate 1 and on the fixed plate 2. The path of the grooves is produced by calculations. Of course, those skilled in the art know that they can use a computer to perform these calculations.

Ainsi, les moyens de liaison entre la plaque mobile et la plaque fixe que constituent les billes coopérant avec les gorges, remplissent simultanément trois fonctions différentes. D'une part ils permettent à la plaque 1 de reposer sur la plaque 2 de manière mobile. D'autre part, ils permettent un mouvement géométrique de la plaque mobile selon la trajectoire déterminée. Enfin et surtout, ils permettent de supprimer les jeux entre les deux plaques.Thus, the connecting means between the movable plate and the fixed plate that constitute the balls cooperating with the grooves, simultaneously fulfill three different functions. On the one hand they allow the plate 1 to rest on the plate 2 in a mobile manner. On the other hand, they allow a geometric movement of the movable plate according to the determined trajectory. Last but not least, they make it possible to eliminate the clearances between the two plates.

De manière à assurer un bon roulage des billes, le profil des gorges est préferentiellement en forme de V ou en forme d'arc de cercle. Dans un exemple de réalisation, les plaques 1 et 2 sont en acier dur. Elles sont de dimensions identiques (200mm x 200mm) et de même épaisseur égale à 15mm.In order to ensure good rolling of the balls, the profile of the grooves is preferably in the form of a V or in the form of an arc of a circle. In an exemplary embodiment, the plates 1 and 2 are made of hard steel. They are of identical dimensions (200mm x 200mm) and of the same thickness equal to 15mm.

A la figure 3 on a représenté une vue éclatée des plaques 1 et 2 et des billes 5a à 5c. Cette figure illustre le montage du mécanisme. La plaque fixe 2 est posée à plat, la face comportant les gorges 4a à 4c orientée vers le haut. Les billes 5a à 5c sont déposées sur les gorges respectivement 4a à 4c. La position respective de chacune des billes par rapport aux autres est déterminée lors du montage par exemple en positionnant chaque bille 5a à 5c à l'extrémité de sa gorge associée respectivement 4a à 4c. La plaque mobile 1 est alors posée sur les billes, sa face comportant les gorges étant orientée vers le bas, de manière à ce que chaque gorge 3a à 3c vienne en recouvrement d'une bille respectivement 5a à 5c.In Figure 3 there is shown an exploded view of the plates 1 and 2 and the balls 5a to 5c. This figure illustrates the mounting of the mechanism. The fixed plate 2 is placed flat, the face comprising the grooves 4a to 4c facing upwards. The balls 5a to 5c are deposited on the grooves 4a to 4c respectively. The respective position of each of the balls relative to the others is determined during assembly, for example in positioning each ball 5a to 5c at the end of its associated groove 4a to 4c respectively. The movable plate 1 is then placed on the balls, its face comprising the grooves being oriented downwards, so that each groove 3a to 3c comes to overlap with a ball respectively 5a to 5c.

Dans une variante non représentée, le montage est facilité par la mise en oeuvre d'une pièce légère, par exemple réalisée en matière plastique. Cette pièce a la forme d'une plaque mince à l'intérieur de laquelle des orifices sont prévus. Le diamètre des orifices est légèrement inférieur à celui des billes, mais est suffisant pour que, lorsqu'on pose une bille sur le dessus d'un orifice, elle dépasse sensiblement de l'autre côté de la plaque (mais sans la traverser). Les orifices se trouvent aux sommets d'un polygone dont les côtés et les angles définissent la position de chaque bille relativement aux autres billes (on parle de "polygone de sustentation" déterminé par les billes) . Cette pièce a en quelque sorte la position d'un patron pour le positionnement relatif des billes. En position assemblée, cette pièce reste en place entre les deux plaques et se déplace avec les billes dont la position relative reste identique. Bien entendu, l'épaisseur de cette pièce est alors inférieure à l'écartement prévu entre les deux plaques 1 et 2.In a variant not shown, assembly is facilitated by the use of a light piece, for example made of plastic. This part has the shape of a thin plate inside which holes are provided. The diameter of the orifices is slightly less than that of the balls, but is sufficient so that, when a ball is placed on top of an orifice, it protrudes substantially on the other side of the plate (but without crossing it). The orifices are located at the vertices of a polygon whose sides and angles define the position of each ball relative to the other balls (this is called the "support polygon" determined by the balls). This part has in a way the position of a pattern for the relative positioning of the balls. In the assembled position, this part remains in place between the two plates and moves with the balls, the relative position of which remains identical. Of course, the thickness of this part is then less than the spacing provided between the two plates 1 and 2.

Le mécanisme de rotation selon l'invention comporte en outre un moyen de mise en mouvement de la plaque mobile 1 par rapport à la plaque fixe 2. Ces moyens ne sont pas représentés aux figures 1 à 3.The rotation mechanism according to the invention further comprises a means for setting in motion the movable plate 1 relative to the fixed plate 2. These means are not shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.

A la figure 4 on a représenté le mécanisme de rotation selon l'invention installé dans un panoramique. Celui-ci comprend un bras solidaire de la plaque mobile 1. Ce bras comporte un premier élément 7 qui porte un générateur 8 de rayons X. L'élément 7 du bras est solidaire d'un deuxième élément 10 par l'intermédiaire d'un troisième élément ou tube 11. Un film ou un capteur d'image 9 est porté par ledit deuxième élément 10. Les éléments 1, 7, 8, 11, 10 et 9 ci-dessus composent l'ensemble mobile du panoramique.In Figure 4 there is shown the rotation mechanism according to the invention installed in a panoramic. This comprises an arm secured to the movable plate 1. This arm comprises a first element 7 which carries a generator 8 of X-rays. Element 7 of the arm is secured to a second element 10 via a third element or tube 11. A film or an image sensor 9 is carried by said second element 10. Elements 1, 7, 8, 11, 10 and 9 above make up the mobile assembly of the panoramic.

La plaque fixe 2 est solidaire d'un bâti 6 du panoramique .The fixed plate 2 is integral with a frame 6 of the pan.

Le reste du panoramique n'est pas visible sur la figure 4. Il est suggéré par une zone hachurée 12. Pour permettre le passage du tube 11, la plaque fixe 2 et le bâti 6 comportent chacun une ouverture appropriée qui n'est pas visible aux figures.The rest of the pan is not visible in Figure 4. It is suggested by a hatched area 12. To allow the passage of the tube 11, the fixed plate 2 and the frame 6 each have an appropriate opening which is not visible to the figures.

Le trajet des gorges sur les plaques 1 et 2 détermine la trajectoire de la plaque mobile par rapport à la plaque fixe 2 et donc le mouvement d'exploration de l'ensemble mobile autour de la tête 13 du patient.The path of the grooves on the plates 1 and 2 determines the trajectory of the movable plate relative to the fixed plate 2 and therefore the exploration movement of the movable assembly around the head 13 of the patient.

A la figure 5 on a représenté un exemple de réalisation des moyens pour la mise en mouvement de la plaque mobile 1. Dans cet exemple, ces moyens comportent un moteur électrique rotatif 14 (éventuellement pourvu d'un réducteur) solidaire du tube 11 du bras du panoramique sur lequel il est monté à l'aide d'une fixation 13. L'arbre 15 du moteur est solidaire d'un première extrémité d'une bielle 16 portant à son autre extrémité une roue 17. Cette roue peut tourner librement autour de son axe 18 qui est serti sur ladite extrémité de la bielle. Lorsque ledit moteur est alimenté, le couple de rotation de son arbre 15 presse la roue 17 contre une paroi du bâti 6. Par réaction, le corps du moteur tourne en entraînant le tube 11 dont il est solidaire, c'est-à-dire aussi l'ensemble mobile du panoramique.In Figure 5 there is shown an embodiment of the means for setting in motion the movable plate 1. In this example, these means comprise a rotary electric motor 14 (optionally provided with a reducer) integral with the tube 11 of the arm the pan on which it is mounted using a fixing 13. The shaft 15 of the motor is integral with a first end of a connecting rod 16 carrying at its other end a wheel 17. This wheel can rotate freely around its axis 18 which is crimped on said end of the connecting rod. When said motor is powered, the torque of its shaft 15 presses the wheel 17 against a wall of the frame 6. By reaction, the body of the motor rotates by driving the tube 11 of which it is integral, that is to say also the moving set of the pan.

Selon une variante non représentée de l'invention, les moyens pour la mise en mouvement de la plaque mobile sont intégrés dans les deux plaques. Ils comprennent deux groupes d'éléments séparés et disposés respectivement sur l'une et l'autre des deux plaques. Outre des bobines, les divers éléments desdits groupes peuvent être: des pièces conductrices jouant le rôle de spires en court-circuit, des pièces polaires, des aimants, des paquets de tôles et en règle générale tout ce qu'on trouve dans les circuits électromagnétiques de moteurs rotatifs. On sait en effet que tous les types de moteurs rotatifs connus (à courant continu, à courant alternatif, synchrones ou asynchrones, pas-à-pas, à reluctance variable ou circuit magnétique pré-polarisé etc.) peuvent être "déroulés" à plat, créant ainsi une machine correspondante, communément appelée moteur linéaire. Le circuit magnétique d'un tel moteur linéaire traverse l'espace séparant la plaque mobile 1 de la plaque fixe 2. Dans la présente invention, la taille de cet espace est bien maîtrisé/e par l'effet des billes. Cet espace joue le rôle d'entrefer du moteur linéaire. Quand un courant électrique parcourt les bobines, l'interaction électromagnétique entre les deux groupes d ' éléments imprime le mouvement de la plaque mobile 1 par rapport à la plaque fixe 2. Par ailleurs, la pièce la plus lourde portée par le bras du panoramique est généralement le générateur 8 de rayons X. Or, celui-ci se situe au point le plus éloigné du bras par rapport à la zone d'appui de la plaque mobile 1 sur la plaque fixe 2 (voir figure 4) . Cette situation crée les conditions d'un basculement de l'ensemble mobile, la plaque mobile étant simplement posée sur la plaque fixe par l'intermédiaire des billes et non pas assurée contre le soulèvement.According to a variant not shown of the invention, the means for setting in motion the plate mobile are integrated in the two plates. They comprise two groups of separate elements and disposed respectively on one and the other of the two plates. In addition to coils, the various elements of said groups can be: conductive parts acting as short-circuited turns, pole pieces, magnets, packets of sheets and, as a general rule, everything found in electromagnetic circuits. of rotary motors. We know that all types of known rotary motors (direct current, alternating current, synchronous or asynchronous, step-by-step, variable reluctance or pre-polarized magnetic circuit etc.) can be "unwound" flat , thus creating a corresponding machine, commonly known as a linear motor. The magnetic circuit of such a linear motor crosses the space separating the movable plate 1 from the fixed plate 2. In the present invention, the size of this space is well controlled by the effect of the balls. This space acts as the air gap of the linear motor. When an electric current flows through the coils, the electromagnetic interaction between the two groups of elements imparts the movement of the movable plate 1 with respect to the fixed plate 2. Furthermore, the heaviest part carried by the pan arm is generally the X-ray generator 8. However, this is located at the point furthest from the arm relative to the bearing area of the movable plate 1 on the fixed plate 2 (see FIG. 4). This situation creates the conditions for the mobile assembly to tilt, the mobile plate simply being placed on the fixed plate by means of the balls and not guaranteed against lifting.

Diverses solutions peuvent être utilisées. Une solution consiste dans l'utilisation d'un contre-poids monté au bon endroit, du côté du capteur d'image 9. l'augmentation du poids total de l'appareil est l'inconvénient le plus évident de cette solution. Une autre solution consiste à fabriquer des plaques 1 et 2 suffisamment grandes pour inclure le centre de gravité de l'ensemble mobile dans le polygone de sustentation déterminé par les billes. Cette solution crée des problèmes secondaires: l'usinage difficile, le prix de fabrication, le volume total de l'appareil, etc. C'est pourquoi, dans une variante perfectionnée de la présente invention, la force de gravitation qui déséquilibre le bras est compensée par une force d'attraction exercée par un ou plusieurs aimants positionnés sur l'une ou sur les deux plaques 1 et 2. Les aimants s'attirent entre eux ou bien ils attirent des pièces ferromagnétiques situées en regard sur la plaque opposée. Ces aimants sont idéalement placés du côté le plus éloigné du générateur 8 de rayons X.Various solutions can be used. One solution is to use a counterweight mounted in the right place, on the side of the image sensor 9. the increase in the total weight of the camera is the most obvious drawback of this solution. Another solution consists in making plates 1 and 2 large enough to include the center of gravity of the mobile assembly in the support polygon determined by the balls. This solution creates secondary problems: difficult machining, manufacturing price, total volume of the device, etc. This is why, in an improved variant of the present invention, the gravitational force which unbalances the arm is compensated by a force of attraction exerted by one or more magnets positioned on one or on the two plates 1 and 2. The magnets attract each other or they attract ferromagnetic parts located opposite on the opposite plate. These magnets are ideally placed on the side furthest from the X-ray generator 8.

Les deux variantes ci-dessus se combinent bien. En effet, on peut prévoir que les aimants générant la force d'attraction entre les deux plaques font partie des groupes d'éléments qui impriment le mouvement de la plaque mobile par interaction électromagnétique. De la sorte, les aimants remplissent deux fonctions à la fois: polarisation du circuit' magnétique du moteur linéaire d'une part, et génération d'une force d'équilibrage du bras d'autre part. Cette version est la plus recommandée car elle cumule tous les avantages et économies. The two above variants combine well. Indeed, it can be provided that the magnets generating the force of attraction between the two plates are part of the groups of elements which imprint the movement of the movable plate by electromagnetic interaction. In this way, the magnets fulfill two functions at the same time: polarization of the magnetic circuit of the linear motor on the one hand, and generation of a balancing force of the arm on the other hand. This version is the most recommended because it combines all the advantages and savings.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S 1. Mécanisme de rotation pour appareil panoramique dentaire, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend:1. Rotation mechanism for dental panoramic apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: - une première plaque fixe (2) ;- a first fixed plate (2); - une seconde plaque (1) mobile par rapport à ladite première plaque sur laquelle elle repose par l'intermédiaire d'au moins trois billes (5);- a second plate (1) movable relative to said first plate on which it rests by means of at least three balls (5); - des moyens pour la mise en mouvement de la plaque mobile (1) ;- Means for setting in motion the movable plate (1); - les faces des deux plaques (1,2) en regard l'une de l'autre comprenant chacune des gorges (3,4) en nombre égal au nombre de billes (5) , dans lesquelles lesdites billes (5) peuvent rouler, chaque bille pénétrant dans une gorge de la plaque fixe (2) et dans une gorge de la plaque mobile (1); - le trajet de ces gorges (3,4) sur les plaques étant tel que, pour toute position de la plaque mobile (1), il existe trois emplacements où les gorges (3,4) se superposent exactement et dans lesquels chaque bille peut respectivement se trouver, de telle manière que les billes (5) roulent sans glissement lorsque la plaque mobile (1) est mise en mouvement.the faces of the two plates (1,2) facing each other, each comprising grooves (3,4) in a number equal to the number of balls (5), in which said balls (5) can roll, each ball entering a groove in the fixed plate (2) and in a groove in the movable plate (1); - The path of these grooves (3,4) on the plates being such that, for any position of the movable plate (1), there are three locations where the grooves (3,4) exactly overlap and in which each ball can respectively be located, so that the balls (5) roll without sliding when the movable plate (1) is set in motion. 2. Mécanisme selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la plaque fixe (2) est solidaire d'un bâti (6) du panoramique.2. Mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed plate (2) is integral with a frame (6) of the pan. 3. Mécanisme selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la plaque mobile (1) est solidaire d'un bras (7,11,10) du panoramique.3. Mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable plate (1) is integral with an arm (7,11,10) of the pan. 4. Mécanisme selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la profondeur des gorges (3,4) est constante, en sorte que les plaques (1,2) sont maintenues parallèles l'une à l'autre à une distance fonction de cette profondeur et du diamètre des billes (5) .4. Mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the depth of the grooves (3,4) is constant, so that the plates (1,2) are kept parallel to each other at a distance depending on this depth and the diameter of the balls (5). 5. Mécanisme selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour la mise en mouvement de la plaque mobile (1) comprennent un moteur électrique rotatif (14) solidaire d'un élément (11) du bras (7,11,10), une première extrémité de l'arbre (15) dudit moteur étant solidaire d'une bielle (16) portant à son autre extrémité une roue (17) qui est pressée contre le bâti (6) , de manière à ce que, par réaction, la rotation du moteur entraîne le mouvement de l'ensemble mobile.5. Mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for setting the moving plate (1) in motion comprise a rotary electric motor (14) secured to an element (11) of the arm (7, 11, 10), a first end of the shaft (15) of said motor being integral with a connecting rod (16) carrying at its other end a wheel (17) which is pressed against the frame (6), so that that, by reaction, the rotation of the motor causes the movement of the mobile assembly. 6. Mécanisme selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le profil des gorges est en forme de V.6. Mechanism according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the profile of the grooves is V-shaped. 7. Mécanisme selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le profil des gorges est en forme d'arc de cercle.7. Mechanism according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the profile of the grooves is in the form of an arc of a circle. 8. Mécanisme selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour la mise en mouvement de la plaque mobile (1) comprennent un premier et un second groupes d'éléments tels que des pièces conductrices jouant le rôle de spires, des pièces polaires, des aimants, des paquets de tôles, etc..., disposés respectivement sur l'une et l'autre des plaques, de telle manière que, par interaction électromagnétique, ces deux groupes d'éléments impriment le mouvement de la plaque mobile (1) par rapport à la plaque fixe (2) . 8. Mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for setting in motion the movable plate (1) comprise a first and a second group of elements such as conductive parts playing the role of turns, pole pieces, magnets, bundles of sheets, etc., arranged respectively on one and the other of the plates, in such a way that, by electromagnetic interaction, these two groups of elements impart the movement of the movable plate (1) relative to the fixed plate (2). 9. Mécanisme selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des aimants disposés sur la plaque mobile (1) et/ou sur la plaque fixe (2), lesdits aimants s 'attirant entre eux et/ou attirant des pièces ferromagnétiques fixées en regard sur la plaque opposée, pour générer une force d'attraction entre les deux plaques de nature à compenser la force de gravitation exercée par le bras qui tend à faire basculer l'ensemble mobile.9. Mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises magnets arranged on the movable plate (1) and / or on the fixed plate (2), said magnets attracting each other and / or attracting ferromagnetic parts fixed opposite to the opposite plate, to generate a force of attraction between the two plates such as to compensate for the gravitational force exerted by the arm which tends to cause the mobile assembly to tilt. 10. Mécanisme selon la revendication 8 et selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que lesdits aimants générant une force d'attraction entre les deux plaques font partie des groupes d ' éléments qui impriment le mouvement de la plaque mobile (1) par rapport à la plaque fixe (2) par interaction électromagnétique. 10. Mechanism according to claim 8 and according to claim 9, characterized in that said magnets generating an attraction force between the two plates are part of the groups of elements which impart the movement of the movable plate (1) relative to the fixed plate (2) by electromagnetic interaction.
PCT/FR1998/000149 1997-01-27 1998-01-27 Rotating mechanism for dental panorex Ceased WO1998032377A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98904233A EP0961576A1 (en) 1997-01-27 1998-01-27 Rotating mechanism for dental panorex

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9700827A FR2758710B1 (en) 1997-01-27 1997-01-27 ROTATION MECHANISM FOR DENTAL PANORAMICS
FR97/00827 1997-01-27

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WO1998032377A1 true WO1998032377A1 (en) 1998-07-30

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FR (1) FR2758710B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1998032377A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10153979A1 (en) * 2001-11-06 2003-05-22 Sirona Dental Systems Gmbh Dental X-ray machine with a movable support structure
WO2003039372A3 (en) * 2001-11-06 2003-10-02 Sirona Dental Systems Gmbh Dental x-ray device comprising a mobile support structure
US6926442B2 (en) 2001-11-06 2005-08-09 Sirona Dental Systems Gmbh Dental X-ray device comprising a mobile support structure
KR100976902B1 (en) * 2001-11-06 2010-08-18 시로나 덴탈 시스템스 게엠베하 Dental X-ray apparatus with movable support structure

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FR2758710B1 (en) 1999-09-24
EP0961576A1 (en) 1999-12-08
FR2758710A1 (en) 1998-07-31

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