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WO1998030076A1 - Humic concentrate and process for its production, equipment for the electrochemical production of the humic concentrate, water purification process, process for the dehydration of viscous-flow fluids, process for the detoxification of organic compounds, process for the utilization of wastewater sediments, process for the fo - Google Patents

Humic concentrate and process for its production, equipment for the electrochemical production of the humic concentrate, water purification process, process for the dehydration of viscous-flow fluids, process for the detoxification of organic compounds, process for the utilization of wastewater sediments, process for the fo Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998030076A1
WO1998030076A1 PCT/RU1997/000284 RU9700284W WO9830076A1 WO 1998030076 A1 WO1998030076 A1 WO 1998030076A1 RU 9700284 W RU9700284 W RU 9700284W WO 9830076 A1 WO9830076 A1 WO 9830076A1
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Prior art keywords
humic
concentrate
water
soil
anode
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French (fr)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Alexandr Ivanovich Shulgin
Alexandr Alexeevich Shapovalov
Jury Grigorievich Putsykin
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Priority to AU44759/97A priority Critical patent/AU4475997A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis

Definitions

  • humic acids The most important part of humic substances is humic acids.
  • Humic acids - high molecular weight compounds with a molecular weight of 5 to 100 ⁇ . As a rule, each molecule contains several tens of acids, they are related to many major acids.
  • Unsafe means are low in intensity and longer duration of the process, as a result of fatty acids are removed from raw materials When this happens, swelling of the crushed raw materials with the formation of a homogeneous mass, which is separated into solid (liquid) and liquid (is used), is swollen.
  • alkaline metals or ammunition are replaced with hydrogen or non-hazardous substances P ⁇ i e ⁇ m ⁇ is ⁇ di ⁇ ne ⁇ b ⁇ a ⁇ im ⁇ e ⁇ aguli ⁇ vanie ⁇ ll ⁇ id ⁇ v and ⁇ lime ⁇ izatsiya m ⁇ le ⁇ ul gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ⁇ isl ⁇ in ⁇ ezul ⁇ a ⁇ e cheg ⁇ ⁇ ez ⁇ s ⁇ aschae ⁇ sya ⁇ l ⁇ schad ⁇ ve ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ i, bl ⁇ i ⁇ uyu ⁇ sya ⁇ ea ⁇ tsi ⁇ n- n ⁇ s ⁇ s ⁇ bnye tsen ⁇ y and ⁇ adae ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ izi ⁇ - ⁇ imiches ⁇ aya and bi ⁇ l ⁇ gi- ches ⁇ aya a ⁇ ivn ⁇ s ⁇ .
  • large amounts of mineral impurities are lost in the sediment.
  • a well-known method has a low efficiency, low productivity, high yield of reagents (alkalis and acids).
  • ⁇ ned ⁇ s ⁇ a ⁇ am ⁇ n ⁇ sya ⁇ sya ⁇ a ⁇ zhe ⁇ e ⁇ n ⁇ l ⁇ giches ⁇ ie sl ⁇ zh- n ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ azdeleniya ⁇ sad ⁇ a (gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ⁇ isl ⁇ ) and zhid ⁇ y ⁇ azy (alkaline l ⁇ chn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ a) b ⁇ lsh ⁇ y ⁇ as ⁇ d v ⁇ dy on ⁇ myv ⁇ u ⁇ sazhden- ny ⁇ gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ⁇ isl ⁇ and vys ⁇ ie ene ⁇ ge ⁇ iches ⁇ ie za ⁇ a ⁇ y on i ⁇ ⁇ sleduyuschuyu sush ⁇ u. Otherwise, in the process of the large-scale processing of humic
  • humic acids are also known, including ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 97 / 00284
  • ⁇ ⁇ aches ⁇ ve ⁇ eagen ⁇ v is ⁇ lzuyu ⁇ mine ⁇ alnye ⁇ agulyan ⁇ y (se ⁇ n ⁇ isly aluminum, or se ⁇ n ⁇ isl ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ n ⁇ e zhelez ⁇ and ⁇ .d.) ⁇ ganiches ⁇ ie ⁇ l ⁇ ulyan ⁇ y ( ⁇ lia ⁇ ilamid and ⁇ izv ⁇ dnye on eg ⁇ ⁇ sn ⁇ ve) ⁇ azlichnye ⁇ mbinatsii ⁇ agulyan ⁇ v and ⁇ l ⁇ ulyan- ⁇ v, ba ⁇ e ⁇ itsidnye vesches ⁇ va ( ⁇ l ⁇ , ⁇ z ⁇ n and d ⁇ ).
  • ch ⁇ is ⁇ dnye sus ⁇ enzii, ⁇ d- ve ⁇ gnu ⁇ ye ⁇ bezv ⁇ zhivaniyu d ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eniya them sy ⁇ uchi ⁇ sv ⁇ ys ⁇ v would be b ⁇ lee leg ⁇ ⁇ ans ⁇ abelny would ⁇ dlezhali b ⁇ lee HA dezhn ⁇ mu za ⁇ neniyu.
  • Izves ⁇ en s ⁇ s ⁇ b ⁇ bezv ⁇ zhivaniya ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ sus ⁇ enzy, za ⁇ lyuchayu- schiysya in ⁇ il ⁇ vanii is ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ du ⁇ a che ⁇ ez s ⁇ etsialn ⁇ s ⁇ z- data sl ⁇ zhnye in ⁇ ns ⁇ u ⁇ ivn ⁇ m ⁇ n ⁇ shenii us ⁇ ys ⁇ va with ⁇ s- leduyuschim ⁇ v ⁇ d ⁇ m ⁇ il ⁇ a ⁇ a and ⁇ a ⁇ im ⁇ b ⁇ az ⁇ m chas ⁇ ichnym ⁇ bezv ⁇ - zhivaniem is ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ du ⁇ a ( ⁇ , ⁇ , 1212494).
  • the humate is used at a concentration of more than 0, 01% is a phytotoxic substance and does not depress only growth, but also a significant amount. Humans are growing at a concentration of 0, 005-0, 01%, which has a stimulating effect on growth and the growth of plants. With this effect of reducing the content of pesticides in the plants, it was not due to a slight increase in the concentration due to the large mass of the plants.
  • the indicated method does not prevent the detachment of sediments of waste water and causes pollution of the contact medium and their toxic components.
  • a method of disposing of sediments of wastewater has been known, including mixing them with flour and mineral components and adding them to the soil as a result of mineral processing (5, 600, 5, 5).
  • the first group includes the means based on entering into the soil or on their own not to be suitable for materials that are free from the hazardous substances.
  • ⁇ aya group ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • a method of developing a good soil including applying to the layer of soil a silt with silt particles (5 ⁇ , ⁇ , 934943, ⁇ /79 / 00.
  • a method of land restoration has been known, including applying a humus layer of soil to the soil (5 ⁇ , ⁇ , 1391521, ⁇ 79/00, 1986).
  • humus-containing materials into the grunts or on their converters - sapupegel sludge, waste, or humus-bearing ⁇ dna ⁇ s ⁇ im ⁇ s ⁇ d ⁇ bychi and ⁇ ans ⁇ i ⁇ v ⁇ i sa ⁇ elya or ⁇ a ⁇ b ⁇ di ⁇ sya ⁇ chen d ⁇ g ⁇ and gumusi ⁇ vannye ⁇ chvy de ⁇ itsi ⁇ ny, ⁇ s ⁇ benn ⁇ in ⁇ ay ⁇ na ⁇ where ne ⁇ b- ⁇ dim ⁇ s ⁇ zdanie ⁇ l ⁇ d ⁇ dn ⁇ y ⁇ chvy, ⁇ es ⁇ in mes ⁇ a ⁇ s ⁇ i- ⁇ els ⁇ va, ⁇ azmescheniya g ⁇ ny ⁇ ⁇ ed ⁇ iya ⁇ y, ⁇ val ⁇ v, sval ⁇
  • the most important disadvantage of the known method is that the content of humus in the humus soil does not exceed a few percent, but it is not real However, the main part of the waste is disposed of, excavated and laid out, which does not indicate the main influence on the properties of the load.
  • Waste of this method is also included in the relatively rapid mineralization of natural humus, which is a result of the cultivation of minerals.
  • seeds of weeds and pathogens of plant diseases are spreading along with the soil in the first place.
  • mining mine- ⁇ alny ⁇ ud ⁇ b ⁇ eny see., Na ⁇ ime ⁇ , ⁇ s ⁇ izv ⁇ ds ⁇ v ⁇ humus and chemical biological biological farming in agriculture. Recommendations. Moscow, "0 ⁇ city ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ mulus and chemical biological biological farming in agriculture. Recommen
  • Sediments contain mineral substances, predominantly clay and clay minerals of natural origin; sulphurous aluminum, used as a coagulant and a variety of water, as well as various organic substances
  • the means of processing the plants known to the waste plants are known to be discharged in the event of a loss of life or material disasters. Received deposits are stored for special purpose areas (see, for example, G.I. Kikladadze, received payment from the United States. Warehousing of sediments is the only practicable method, since there are numerous attempts to utilize the products in the process of conserving food etc., does not give a positive result due to the high cost of special methods of processing and planting.
  • the claimed invention posed the task of creating a new humic product of such a structure and such composition and ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • ⁇ ye would ⁇ zv ⁇ lili ⁇ izv ⁇ di ⁇ in ⁇ myshlenny ⁇ massh ⁇ aba ⁇ hu- min ⁇ vy ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ having vys ⁇ uyu ⁇ izi ⁇ - ⁇ imiches ⁇ uyu and bi ⁇ - l ⁇ giches ⁇ uyu a ⁇ ivn ⁇ s ⁇ , ch ⁇ ⁇ zv ⁇ lil ⁇ would e ⁇ e ⁇ ivn ⁇ and nadezhn ⁇ ⁇ susches ⁇ vlya ⁇ ⁇ anu and v ⁇ ss ⁇ an ⁇ vlenie ⁇ be ⁇ v ⁇ i ⁇ dn ⁇ y s ⁇ edy ⁇ u ⁇ em ⁇ chis ⁇ i water from impurities, the disposal of viscous liquids, the detachment of organic
  • a new humic end-user center possesses a high proportionate, foreign, non-existent, agglomerative, aggresive, agglomerate.
  • a new humic acid that provides for the conversion to anesthetics of the target anesthetic humic acid concentrate, is continuously discharged from the green earth.
  • Tseles ⁇ b ⁇ azn ⁇ for zayavlyaem ⁇ g ⁇ ele ⁇ imiches ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ luche- Nia zayavlyaem ⁇ g ⁇ gumin ⁇ v ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ a is ⁇ lz ⁇ va ⁇ us ⁇ ys- ⁇ v ⁇ , v ⁇ lyuchayuschee ele ⁇ liznuyu bath and an ⁇ d ⁇ m ⁇ a ⁇ d ⁇ m, with the union of s ⁇ e- is ⁇ chni ⁇ m ele ⁇ iches ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ a having ⁇ a ⁇ ub ⁇ i for ⁇ dv ⁇ da is ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ a and ⁇ a ⁇ ub ⁇ i for vyv ⁇ da ⁇ ab ⁇ - ⁇ ann ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ a in ⁇ m, s ⁇ glasn ⁇ Invention, it is provided with a special body of an electric bathtub, executed in the form of a hi-fi mounted
  • the device is fully equipped with a free port for connecting the device to the other way round.
  • Tseles ⁇ b ⁇ azn ⁇ for zayavlyaem ⁇ g ⁇ ele ⁇ imiches ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ lu- cheniya zayavlyaem ⁇ g ⁇ gumin ⁇ v ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ a is ⁇ lz ⁇ va ⁇ us ⁇ - ⁇ ys ⁇ v ⁇ in ⁇ m an ⁇ d d ⁇ lni ⁇ eln ⁇ s ⁇ de ⁇ zhi ⁇ bes ⁇ nechnuyu len ⁇ u, na ⁇ yanu ⁇ uyu on called ba ⁇ aban with ⁇ m ⁇ schyu ⁇ at me ⁇ e ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ na ⁇ yazhn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ li ⁇ a.
  • contaminated with humic acids in the amount of about 0.01 to about 1.50% of the mass of the cleaned water, which removes the weight of the oil and removes the risk of burning.
  • a large amount of hydrogen is taken in at a rate of 5%.
  • P ⁇ s ⁇ avlennaya task ⁇ eshae ⁇ sya ⁇ a ⁇ zhe blag ⁇ da ⁇ ya s ⁇ s ⁇ bu de ⁇ si ⁇ atsii ⁇ ganiches ⁇ i ⁇ s ⁇ edineny, ⁇ susches ⁇ vlyaem ⁇ mu ⁇ u ⁇ em binding i ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ dnymi ⁇ ganiches ⁇ imi ma ⁇ e ⁇ ialami, ⁇ ichem, s ⁇ glasn ⁇ iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eniyu in ⁇ aches ⁇ ve ⁇ a ⁇ g ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala is ⁇ lzuyu ⁇ gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ , ⁇ luchenny ele ⁇ imiches ⁇ im ⁇ u ⁇ em of ⁇ i ⁇ dny ⁇ ⁇ aus ⁇ bi ⁇ li ⁇ v ug ⁇ ln ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ yada and s ⁇ de ⁇ zhaschy gid ⁇ a ⁇ i
  • Tseles ⁇ b ⁇ azn ⁇ , s ⁇ glasn ⁇ iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eniyu, is ⁇ lz ⁇ va ⁇ humic n ⁇ vy ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ in ⁇ liches ⁇ ve ⁇ ⁇ l ⁇ 0.5 d ⁇ ⁇ l ⁇ 1.0 wt.% ⁇ mass ⁇ b ⁇ aby ⁇ yvaem ⁇ g ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala, zag ⁇ yaznenn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ga- niches ⁇ imi s ⁇ edineniyami ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ imalny in ⁇ e ⁇ val for ⁇ lucheniya ⁇ l ⁇ zhi ⁇ eln ⁇ g ⁇ e ⁇ e ⁇ a.
  • P ⁇ s ⁇ avlennaya task ⁇ eshae ⁇ sya ⁇ a ⁇ zhe blag ⁇ da ⁇ ya s ⁇ s ⁇ bu u ⁇ ilizatsii ⁇ sad ⁇ v s ⁇ chny ⁇ v ⁇ d, v ⁇ lyuchayuschemu i ⁇ mixing with ⁇ i ⁇ dnymi ma ⁇ e ⁇ ialami, ⁇ bezv ⁇ zhivanie, ⁇ i ⁇ m, s ⁇ glasn ⁇ iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eniyu in ⁇ aches ⁇ ve ⁇ i ⁇ dny ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ ial ⁇ v is ⁇ lzuyu ⁇ humic n ⁇ vy ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ , ⁇ luchenny ele ⁇ imiches ⁇ im ⁇ u ⁇ em of ⁇ i ⁇ dny ⁇ ⁇ aus ⁇ bi ⁇ li ⁇ v ug ⁇ ln ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ yada and s ⁇ de ⁇ zhaschy gi
  • the claimed invention it is advisable to mix with the humic concentrate the precipitates are substantially unavailable, and the named humic percent is not profitable. According to the invention, it is feasible for 1.5-4.0 hours after mixing with the humic concentration taken in the amount of 0.5-10.0% of the weight of the plants, which is free from the loss of weight. . According to the claimed invention, it is expediently the first and last stored words. ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • the named humic concentrate is introduced into the named grades and soils in the form of a mixture with calcium, magnesium-containing substances, which is not hazardous. According to the invention, it is useful in the quality of calcium-containing material to use chalk, marl, lime, gypsum, lime.
  • the task posed is also resolved by the method of receiving the mineral and mineral fertilizers from the other, which includes the introduction of the ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • P ⁇ s ⁇ avlennaya task ⁇ eshae ⁇ sya ⁇ a ⁇ zhe blag ⁇ da ⁇ ya s ⁇ s ⁇ bu u ⁇ ilizatsii ⁇ sad ⁇ v ⁇ i ⁇ dny ⁇ v ⁇ d, v ⁇ lyuchayuschemu i ⁇ ⁇ bezv ⁇ zhiva- set, ⁇ i ⁇ m, s ⁇ glasn ⁇ iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eniyu in ⁇ bezv ⁇ zhennye ⁇ sad ⁇ i v ⁇ d ⁇ v ⁇ dny ⁇ v ⁇ d vv ⁇ dya ⁇ gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ , ⁇ luchenny ele ⁇ imiches ⁇ im ⁇ u ⁇ em of ⁇ i ⁇ dny ⁇ ⁇ aus ⁇ bi ⁇ li ⁇ v ug ⁇ ln ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ yada and s ⁇ de ⁇ zhaschy gid ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ vanny
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of devices for the transmission of a humic concentrate according to the invention, ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates one more embodiment of the device for the electrical production of the humic center, according to the invention, according to the invention, according to the invention.
  • the char- acteristics of the humic concentrate is not the same as the different mix of humic acids and humates in it.
  • the inventive humic concentrate in addition to the aforementioned components contains insignificant quantitative and mineral impairments, which results in the loss of mineral resources.
  • Natural raw materials are disposed of as coal burners - hot shales, fossil fuels, ⁇ .
  • ⁇ ⁇ lichie ⁇ zayavlyaem ⁇ g ⁇ gumin ⁇ v ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ a is ⁇ dn ⁇ e s ⁇ e in zavisim ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ is ⁇ zhdeniya, ⁇ me ⁇ a ⁇ iches ⁇ i not gid ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ vanny ⁇ gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ⁇ isl ⁇ m ⁇ zhe ⁇ s ⁇ de ⁇ zha ⁇ : sv ⁇ b ⁇ dny ugle ⁇ d, humin bi ⁇ um, mine ⁇ alnuyu Part, ⁇ sn ⁇ vnymi ⁇ m ⁇ - nen ⁇ ami ⁇ y yavlyayu ⁇ sya alyum ⁇ sili ⁇ a ⁇ y.
  • More than the claimed humic concentrate can contain more than 0.5% of hydrochloric acid, 27.0% by weight, 0.5% of hydrochloric acid and 0.5% fat 2.5 wt.% mine ⁇ alny ⁇ ⁇ m ⁇ nen ⁇ v is ⁇ dny ⁇ ⁇ aus ⁇ bi ⁇ li ⁇ v ug ⁇ ln ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ yada, ⁇ eds ⁇ av- lenny ⁇ ⁇ eimusches ⁇ venn ⁇ ⁇ lime ⁇ nymi s ⁇ edineniyami iron, alu- minum, ⁇ emniya, ⁇ imiches ⁇ i svyazanny ⁇ with s ⁇ de ⁇ zhaschimisya in gumin ⁇ - v ⁇ m ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ e gumin ⁇ vymi ⁇ isl ⁇ ami and ⁇ d ⁇ 70 90 wt.% v ⁇ - rows .
  • the claimed humic concentrate can make such a value from 3, 0 to 8, 0.
  • the inventive humic concentrate of the secondary type is characterized by its main types - ⁇ ., ⁇ . and C.
  • ⁇ ip ⁇ is a humic concentrate containing (by dry substance) 90 and more than wt.% Hydrated humic acid.
  • the product has a moisture content of 70-85% and the composition of the product is from a quick or raw bulk with ⁇ 3-4.
  • the product provides a healthy iron mass, which is dissolved in water, which is the only waste that passes through drying.
  • Type ⁇ is a humic concentrate containing (dry matter) from 60 to 5 wt.% Hydrated humic acid, having a humidity of 90-80% and ⁇ 6, 5-8.
  • the product provides a light, easy-to-dissolve mass of viscous-flowing material that does not waste the process of drying.
  • the abundance of the dry part of humic concentrates in all types is varied in the range of 5-10 wt.% (For dry matter).
  • ⁇ s ⁇ ve ⁇ s ⁇ vii the claimed iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eniem, tseles ⁇ b ⁇ azn ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ luchenii n ⁇ v ⁇ g ⁇ gumin ⁇ v ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ a is ⁇ lz ⁇ va ⁇ an ⁇ d, vy ⁇ lnenny of ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala, and sv ⁇ ys ⁇ va ⁇ i ⁇ da ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ bes ⁇ echivayu ⁇ vy ⁇ lnenie u ⁇ azann ⁇ g ⁇ above usl ⁇ viya - us ⁇ an ⁇ vle- of at an ⁇ de ele ⁇ iches ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ entsiala, d ⁇ s ⁇ a ⁇ chn ⁇ g ⁇ for ⁇ az- ⁇ yada ani ⁇ n ⁇ v gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ⁇ isl ⁇ .
  • the product reliably excludes its passivation.
  • a material may be, for example, group, and tritium dioxide.
  • anode is used, for example, from cement or diabetes.
  • the inventive method does not require additional devices for separating the target product from the electric power.
  • the method allows you to directly produce a whole range of products on the basis of humic acids, which are different in terms of humidity, acid and gas.
  • the cylinder 3 lind ⁇ iches ⁇ g ⁇ zhel ⁇ ba with ⁇ tsevymi s ⁇ en ⁇ ami 4 and 5, 6 ⁇ y ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ l ⁇ zheny ⁇ a ⁇ ub ⁇ for ⁇ dv ⁇ da v ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ a s ⁇ ley gu - minic acid and treatment unit 7 for the output of processed products, that is, there is a poor supply of humic substances.
  • the bottom of the bath 1 has a spout 8 for the outlet of the precipitate, which is produced in the process of electrolysis, and is a non-consumable non-soluble
  • anode 9 is installed in the form of, for example, a drum 10.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the drum and its size along with the simple one can be the most different.
  • a drum 10 with a size of less than its size along with the integral axis is shown.
  • the device for the electrical production of humic concentrate anode 9 may also be executed in the form of a payment for 11 ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • the working environment of the anode is a special electronic material, such as a group, two-way ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • the scrubber 25 is used to delete the target product with an infinitely variable 21 21
  • the inventive device for electrocution of a new humic concentrate shown in Figs. 1 and 2, is used in the following way.
  • ⁇ is ⁇ chni ⁇ a ⁇ s ⁇ yann ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ a 17 che ⁇ ez ⁇ is ⁇ s ⁇ blenie 16 and shaft 11 on ba ⁇ aban 10 ⁇ dayu ⁇ ⁇ l ⁇ zhi ⁇ elny ⁇ entsial, ⁇ ev ⁇ aschaya eg ⁇ in an ⁇ d 9.
  • ⁇ a ⁇ us bath 1 ⁇ dayu ⁇ ⁇ itsa ⁇ elny ⁇ entsial, ⁇ ev ⁇ aschaya eg ⁇ in ⁇ a ⁇ d 2.
  • zaz ⁇ e 12 ⁇ a ⁇ d ⁇ m between 2 and 9 an ⁇ d ⁇ m, za ⁇ lnenn ⁇ m ele ⁇ - ⁇ li ⁇ m - ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ m s ⁇ li gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ⁇ isl ⁇ , ⁇ e ⁇ ae ⁇ na ⁇ av- lenny ele ⁇ imiches ⁇ y ⁇ tsess: ani ⁇ ny gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ⁇ isl ⁇ dvizhu ⁇ sya ⁇ an ⁇ du 9 and, unloading on it, sit on the part of its working part, at the same time being in this moment in the electorate, with the formation of a layer of humic acid.
  • Density of flow and speed of rotation of the drum 10 divide the type of, ⁇ or With the resulting humic concentrate.
  • ⁇ i is ⁇ lz ⁇ vanii g ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ v ⁇ g ⁇ an ⁇ da for ⁇ lu- cheniya gumin ⁇ v ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ l ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ a us ⁇ anavli- vayu ⁇ in dia ⁇ az ⁇ ne 300-600 A / m 2, ⁇ ntsen ⁇ atsiya is ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ - ⁇ a guma ⁇ a d ⁇ lzhna s ⁇ s ⁇ avlya ⁇ 4-8 wt.%, ⁇ e ⁇ i ⁇ d ⁇ chischeniya ele ⁇ - ⁇ da d ⁇ lzhen Make 3-10 seconds.
  • ⁇ ntsen ⁇ atsiya is ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ a guma ⁇ a d ⁇ lzhna s ⁇ s ⁇ avlya ⁇ 6-9 wt.%, ⁇ e ⁇ i ⁇ d ⁇ chischeniya ele ⁇ da d ⁇ lzhen s ⁇ s ⁇ avlya ⁇ se ⁇ und 2-5.
  • ⁇ n- tsen ⁇ atsiya is ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ a guma ⁇ a d ⁇ lzhna s ⁇ s ⁇ avlya ⁇ 8-10 wt.%, ⁇ e ⁇ i ⁇ d ⁇ chischeniya ele ⁇ da d ⁇ lzhen s ⁇ s ⁇ avlya ⁇ 1-3 se ⁇ un- rows.
  • the anode which is removed from the anode, is transferred to the receiver for 26, after which it is directed to ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • P ⁇ i is ⁇ lz ⁇ vanii for ⁇ lucheniya zayavlyaem ⁇ g ⁇ gumin ⁇ v ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ a us ⁇ ys ⁇ va, iz ⁇ b ⁇ azhenn ⁇ g ⁇ on ⁇ ig.3 and 4 is ⁇ dny ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ s ⁇ li gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ⁇ isl ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ ub ⁇ u 6 ⁇ dayu ⁇ the bath 1, all 20 se ⁇ tsii ⁇ y za ⁇ lnyayu ⁇ sya ⁇ i ⁇ e ⁇ elive ⁇ davaem ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ a che ⁇ ez ⁇ e ⁇ eg ⁇ d ⁇ i 19.
  • ⁇ zm ⁇ zhna ⁇ dacha is ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ a s ⁇ li gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ⁇ isl ⁇ in each section 20 through the unit 6, performed in each section (Fig. 4).
  • the processed device is output through the handset 7, which is available in each section.
  • the claimed device operates the following way. After being filled with salted humic acid from an electric bath, 1 installed appliance, and a drum is supplied with a non-refrigerated appliance.
  • the target is the humic center of interest.
  • the resulting humic concentrate due to the continuous movement of the tape 21 is withdrawn from the zone of elektrolyza.
  • a scrap of 25 is obtained with an increase in tape of 21
  • a humic concentrate is removed, and a cleaned product is removed from the treatment
  • the proposed new product - humic concentrate can be successfully used to solve a number of environmental and environmental problems.
  • the humic concentrate is used for the production of products that include irreplaceable and non-degradable products.
  • the humic concentrate is bound to calcium and is converted into a consumable form in the form of lightly sedimenting inclusions, which include contaminants.
  • humic concentrate and calcium excrement Handled by humic concentrate and calcium excrement is stopped, the plant is removed and decontaminated by any of the known process (wastewater, wastewater).
  • the non-depleted sediment is either burned at a temperature of at least 800 ° C, as well as at this temperature, the substance is free of gas and non-hazardous Either an unapproved plant is commercially available and obtains a valuable fertilizer. If the plant consumes toxic substances, it is reserved for special terms and / or offers a agreed upon offer.
  • the claimed method is a viscous-flowing medium (suspension), which requires a maximum of 100% excluding costs.
  • 1-30% of the mass of humic concentrate of crushed, for example, particles of a size of 0, 25 mm are sold in suspension, and, as a matter of fact, it was ⁇ schreib and / or minerals. According to the above named raw materials, they can serve as a finish, lime, marl, silica gel.
  • the present manifestation of a positive effect is included in the suspension from a fluid failure in a connected or viscous-plastic case. When this comes out of the pressure and capillaries, this medium is easily accessible by the proper weight, pressure or mechanical means.
  • the inventive method of detoxification of organic compounds allows for the efficient connection of toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and other dangerous
  • the collection is subject to a type of hydrophobic interaction and / or qualification binding.
  • the process of the connection of the connection to the connection to the water is connected to the Acidification processes - ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • Hydrogenation is significantly accelerated when introduced into the humic concentrate of hydrogen-sensitive metal compounds, for example, in the case of non-volatile vapors, for example. etc., are catalyzed by these processes.
  • humic concentrate Effective refueling of such microbes in the already processed humic concentrates.
  • use of a humic concentrate ensures an increase in humidity and environmental impact.
  • connectivity and stability in the case of one and two erosions, different types of waste and an increase in the rate of outreach
  • the inventive method allows to carry out the registration of hardships and sediments from fixed sources due to the inadequate communication and the movement of the vehicle to a vehicle.
  • the humic concentrate of type ⁇ or ⁇ in the amount of 0.1% to 10.0% by weight is not mixed with any other means of any kind.
  • the quantity of humus-derived organic fertilizer in the dose of 20-40 t / ha for dry matter is one in four times five. According to the claimed invention, with the help of the claimed humic concentrate, it is proposed to carry out the disposal of rainfall stocks.
  • the same humic percentage ( ⁇ type of type criz yogurt) is introduced into the underelicated sediments of wastewater, the consequent cost of which is negligible.
  • the humic concentrate is generally used in quantities of 0.5-10.0% of the total weight of the plantings.
  • Variable foreign compounds are available that are suitable for glue, while reducing mineral and foreign particles, the source of water is intensive
  • the humic concentrate keeps water in the form of a physically connected and immovable property.
  • this results in a slight increase in water filtration due to a thicker sediment, in addition to a greater degree of sediment filtration ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • the filtering factor is recommended as an emitting loam (10 ⁇ 3 m / day).
  • Particular gravels are characteristic for buildings of various buildings, buildings, etc.
  • Such groups are subject to external and secondary erosion, since both are not protected by a large scale, including a warp-free environment. The large amount of space for such groups does not develop in general or develop very slowly.
  • Deserted and semi-deserted lands that are not soils in the proper sense of this word, are also meaningful access to natural resources.
  • Artificial grooves are primarily provided for in the form of medical equipment, equipment and accessories. These groups include waste and metal waste, heating plants, waste incinerators, waste and waste, and waste
  • the groups create, according to the invention, as follows.
  • the inventive humic concentrate in quantities of about 0.5 to about 2.0 wt.% Is added to the upper layer to a depth of 10-30 centimeters. Carrying out the possibility of: an up-front group of goods with a humic concentrate; by granting a humic interest to the area of mechanical impact on the ground and its full cultivation or cultivation; Preliminary application on the surface of the primer for the next full and / or cultivation.
  • the humic concentrate is easily mixed with the particles of the group and is sorbed on their part.
  • Humic concentrate with all metals in addition to metals in the first group, produces salmon-insoluble salts - humates.
  • humic concentrate will produce calcium humate, magnesium humate, iron humate, aluminum humate, etc.
  • humic concentrate results in the sale of humates, which results in the presence of a gaseous medium, which means that there is a risk of interruption of the medium.
  • heavy metals lose their ability to migrate to underground and underground water and water.
  • Humic concentrate has a high moisture content and high bonding effect, which results in an increase in the volume of the aggregate and the treatment of the environment. The group is thereby secured and acquires increased stability for both external and internal erosion.
  • the humic concentrate with calcium and magnesium containing substances contains the corresponding humate of calcium and humate of magnesium, that is, the base of natural (gaseous).
  • the claimed invention in addition to the claimed humic concentrate, it is proposed to carry out the disposal of food products, For e ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ edva ⁇ i ⁇ eln ⁇ thickened and ⁇ bezv ⁇ zhenny ⁇ sad ⁇ v ⁇ d ⁇ v ⁇ dny ⁇ s ⁇ antsy smeshivayu ⁇ the claimed gumin ⁇ vym ⁇ n- tsen ⁇ a ⁇ m, s ⁇ de ⁇ zhaschim gid ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ vannye gumin ⁇ vye ⁇ isl ⁇ y, s ⁇ li gumin ⁇ vy ⁇ ⁇ isl ⁇ and mine ⁇ alnye ⁇ m ⁇ nen ⁇ y is ⁇ dny ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ dny ⁇ ⁇ aus ⁇ bi ⁇ li ⁇ v ug ⁇ ln ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ yada, ⁇ imiches ⁇ i related s ⁇ de ⁇ zhaschi- Misia gumin ⁇ vymi ⁇ isl ⁇ ami.
  • humic concentrate of type ⁇ which contains: humic acids - 14%, humate - 5%, associated minerals - 80%, a minimum of 0%.
  • the content of the humic concentrate is gel-like: the product obtained is obtained from the concentration of 3% of dry matter. ⁇
  • the resulting humic concentrate is characterized by: 1.
  • the elec- trozer with a bulk anode delivers an aqueous humate product with a concentration of 9%, resulting from an alkaline extraction of coal.
  • the speed of the anode is installed ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • humic 5 percent of type C is produced, which contains: hydrated humic acids 1.7%, humates - 89%, min. ,5.
  • the resulting product has a build-up of viscous fluid, well-received 10% (dry matter) in water. On the other hand, it is 1045%.
  • Other char- acteristics of the obtained humic concentrate in the main analogous to those indicated in Example 1.
  • ⁇ Cloud electric with an anode which provides an endless transmission made from carbon-based material of 15- gives a 5% share of the share.
  • the speed of the drum unit which has an infinite flow rate of an anode of 4 rpm, has an area of 500 a / m 2 .
  • the human input of humic acid is 0 0.01 0.05 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.5 2% by weight of dry matter
  • EXAMPLE 5 In the event of a breakdown of the process of discharging hazardous waste water, the product is contaminated with biphenyls (PPB).
  • the control room is equipped with a gas-liquid gas processing unit with a preliminary extraction of gas and gas.
  • the original liquid containing 0.08 mg / l, poli-5 lobbifenilov, is administered in the form of a 5% -digest humic concentrate, similar to the other.
  • the liquid was added to the Ca ( ⁇ ) 2 concentrate in the amount of 15% of the mass of the humic concentrate.
  • the additive liquid is analyzed for the total content of the FSP.
  • the dependence on the reduction of the WB content in water by the dose of humic concentrate (in fact) is presented in Table 2.
  • the optimal dose of the humic center makes up 0.02-1.0% of the mass of the processed water.
  • the plant which is produced and precipitated from impurities, is incinerated in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 800–900 ° ⁇ . When this happens, the complete destruction of the urban matter settles without the formation of foreign gases and toxic compounds.
  • Synthetic particulate matter (SPI), mg / l 1.6 0.03
  • the number of units in the city is the percentage of sediments, the discharge of mud in the plant, wt.% M / h sediment, kg / m 3
  • Calcium hydroxide discharges are 5 to 30%, as long as the maximum rate of impurities is obtained, 5 times the drainage rate and the maximum rate is allowed
  • the main toxic effects of the filter are salts of heavy metals, organic compounds and microorganisms of different types.
  • the access to the drainage canal, performed on the side of the building is 15, the filter is discharged into the storage pool.
  • the agent is added in the amount of 0.2% (2 kg per one cubic meter) to the pool, the storage tank, the capacity is 300 m 3 , The results are presented in table 6.
  • Such a product introduces 0.1 to 10 wt.% Of a humic concentrate, similar to that obtained in Example 1.
  • V is the filtration rate, m / day
  • the maximum influence of the humic concentrate is in the range of concentrations of 0, 1-3.0 wt.%.
  • the good condition of the soil, contaminated with oil, cannot be separated, because the samples are not dried out due to the large amount of food.
  • humic concentrate ensures the efficient deduction of soil from carbohydrates.
  • EXAMPLE 13 Field tests of the process for the detection of soils are carried out at a facility that is hazardous to a factory. P ⁇ chvy on e ⁇ y ⁇ e ⁇ i ⁇ ii zag ⁇ yazneny ⁇ li ⁇ l ⁇ bi ⁇ enilami, ⁇ i e ⁇ m on e ⁇ s ⁇ e ⁇ imen ⁇ aln ⁇ m uchas ⁇ e s ⁇ ednee s ⁇ de ⁇ zhanie ⁇ li- ⁇ l ⁇ bi ⁇ enil ⁇ v s ⁇ s ⁇ avlyae ⁇ 102.2 mg / ⁇ g.
  • the ⁇ dnu of e ⁇ i ⁇ chas ⁇ ey in vn ⁇ sya ⁇ in the amount of 10 5 -10 7 ⁇ / cm 3 the soil microorganisms isolated earlier from the same soil and cultivated by the standard method.
  • ⁇ i ⁇ ganizmy ⁇ eds ⁇ avleny ⁇ d ⁇ m ⁇ zei ⁇ t ⁇ az not ⁇ n ⁇ sya ⁇ sya ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ eg ⁇ ii ⁇ asny ⁇ mi ⁇ ganizm ⁇ v.
  • Each of the two hours ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • EXAMPLE 14 Experimental studies on a sample of soil that is contaminated with dibenzo- ⁇ -dioxins with a concentration of up to 100 mg. ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ vuyu g ⁇ u ⁇ u ⁇ b ⁇ azts ⁇ v ⁇ chvy vn ⁇ sya ⁇ 0, 5% gumin ⁇ v ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ a, anal ⁇ gichn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ luchenn ⁇ mu in ⁇ ime ⁇ e 3.
  • composition of heavy metals in the United States is: cadmium - 96 mg / kg, zinc - 7894 mg / kg, nickel - 325 mg / kg, ⁇ ma - 329 mg / kg, copper - 1732 mg / kg.
  • Soil soil cultivates barley. It was established that the barley yield on UCS with a humic concentration of 80-101% higher than the yield on a commercial basis (business). For all cases of dilution of US soil (1: 1 and 1: 10), profitability is 50-80% higher than the profitability on a commercial basis.
  • Table 14 shows the results of analysis of the content of heavy metals in barley.
  • the content of heavy metals in the plant depends on the percentage of the profit.
  • the content of cadmium decreases from 1.6 to 2.6 times and falls below either the same level.
  • the content of zinc decreases by 1.3-1.8 times.
  • the content of ⁇ m is reduced by 1.5 times, and the content of nickel is reduced to the level of the background. ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • the content of the metal in Si ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ g is due in% to the previous season of the Republic of Armenia
  • the humic concentrate significantly reduces the rate of removal of heavy metals from the soil, that is, there is a place for their effective binding.
  • the humic concentrate ensures that there is no disruption to compartments from the city or the country with any kind of physical disruption.
  • the technology used includes discharging the appliance in the methane, washing, installation, introducing the waste and the use of waste material, and ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • Table 17 gives the values of the coefficient of filtering the loam, the mechanically unimpaired ⁇ , and the mechanically underemployed income, which resulted in a 15% loss of income.
  • ⁇ the experimental set value of the mass distribution system, the 5th area of the cross-section is connected, & - the change in the level of water over time,
  • the upper isolating layer is also the cultivating word.
  • the depletion of the health of the body of the dump is one of the symptoms of its comparatively beneficial condition. Orchards of drained water are a good fertilizer. Buying on the other hand of the layer of the USA is not good, the situation is very slow due to the presence of dangerous moisture in the plants.
  • Clay naturally color, composition of sand fractions 0, 8%, content of clay fractions - 99, 2%.
  • the first part of the research is carried out on glass columns with a diameter of 2 and 5 cm and a height of 70 cm, which are filled up with samples of the soil.
  • the humic concentrate and humates are applied to the bulk of the samples in dry form, as well as in the form of external suspensions, the ratio is 1: 1, 2: 1: 1: 1
  • the concentration of the humic concentrate and humates makes up 0, 1-1% of the dry matter from the mass of the sample.
  • humic concentrate and humate in samples of the group occurs during the first hours, and is good for Sunday, 9 hours a day, 2 hours a day. ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • humic concentrate in sand is 5 cm in sand, in sandy soil - 4.5 cm, in loamy for 6 cm.
  • Drying the units with humic concentrate and humates results in structural changes that result in increased mobility of these humic substances in the group. This property can be used to introduce humic concentrate and humates into the deeper layers of the rocks.
  • humate low mobility of humic substances is stored. ⁇ in the case of discharging and thawing food, it is dry, containing humic concentrate and humidifier, a high mobility of these substances is
  • the period of extracting samples of the aggregates with the humic concentrate and humates has practically no effect on the environmental extract and moisture content.
  • the affordable features of the grooves improve with increasing storage time.
  • Humate of calcium and magnesium suppresses the bands of 2924 and 2850 nm, which are responsible for the strongly adsorbed water, which is not suitable for plants. It has been established that calcium and magnesium humidify all the water available for plant growth (the bandwidths of 3410 and 3400 nm are increasing).
  • calcium and magnesium humates improve the aqueous and adsorbent properties of the grout, but reduce the content of minerals in the mineral complex.
  • the addition of humate to calate, together with the earth increases the bandwidth of 1620 nm, which immediately starts to increase the rate of intensity, and decreases the rate of intensity of 14
  • the bandwidth of 915-920 nm does not change.
  • Calcium humate, together with the Earth facilitates the formation of new minerals, which is difficult to use.
  • humic concentrate and humates do not inhibit the growth and development of microorganisms, but in the presence of beneficial substances is inadequate.
  • Example 20 After the termination of the construction of an autonomous auto- In order ⁇ b ⁇ az ⁇ vaniya ⁇ l ⁇ d ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ chvenn ⁇ g ⁇ sl ⁇ ya ⁇ lschin ⁇ y 0, 2-0, 3 m vy ⁇ avnennuyu vs ⁇ a ⁇ annuyu ⁇ ve ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ liv ⁇ m ⁇ avn ⁇ me ⁇ n ⁇ nan ⁇ sya ⁇ 8% -ing sus ⁇ enziyu gumin ⁇ v ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ a, anal ⁇ gichn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ luchenn ⁇ mu in ⁇ ime ⁇ e 1, from 1% ⁇ asche ⁇ a ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ a ⁇ su ⁇ mu weight ⁇ weight ⁇ mi ⁇ uem ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ chvenn ⁇ g ⁇ layer.
  • the value of ⁇ for soil is 8, 8.
  • a humic center is introduced, which is similar to that used in the study.
  • a total of 3% of the humic concentrate on dry matter is added to the mass of soil.
  • winter wheat is planted.
  • the soil is 6.1.
  • the effectiveness of the activity of the humic concentrate is estimated at the value of the crop yield on processed and commercial, that is, there is no processing.
  • the grain is 12, 6 centers from the generator, and at the regional station 1.2 centers from the factory. To eat, it increased by 10.5 times.
  • the studied groups are placed in plastic columns with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 30 cm. At the first stage, they divided the ⁇ and the humidity of the samples. At the same time, a sample will be added to the sample (coming from a calculation of 50 kg of space for one hectare), after that they could be taken out and left in a waste. ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • the sandy soil is in the amount of 6.2 30.1 humic concentrate 6.6 35.6 humic concentrate +510 2 6, 8 36.2 humate calcium 7.0 37.4 humate calcium + 5U 2 7.1 37.2 loam Soil Concentrate 6.0 40.2 Humic Concentrate 6.5 44.8 Humic Concentrate +510 2 6.8 45.7 Humate Calcium 7.1 46.4 Humate Calcium +510 2 7.0 46.8
  • 25% of the concentrate and humate reduces the amount of calcium excreted by 23–25%, while the addition of humic and calcium excipients to the samples is 60% less. This means that, in the first case, the cost of fertilizers can be reduced by 25%, and secondly - by
  • the soil in the table was used for 8 years to grow flowers and provided a loose bulk pulverized mass, plenty of food and higher doses of fertilizers did not affect it ⁇ ⁇ 98/30076 ⁇ / ⁇ 7 / 00284
  • the mixture is isolated for 10 days at a temperature of 19-22 ° C, and then it is removed by mixing by mixing it with a 10% by-product from a calculation of 10%. Then the mixture can withstand a good temperature of 50 days. The total time spent is 2 months.
  • Shredded green vegetative mass was placed in a large empty pit and processed by a separate fuel, and processed by a human humic agent .
  • Example 2 taken in the amount of 0, 1% of the quantity of the mass of 5% of the mass.
  • P ⁇ mim ⁇ e ⁇ g ⁇ were zal ⁇ zhenny va ⁇ ian ⁇ y where green mass ⁇ b ⁇ aba ⁇ yvali ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ m sul ⁇ a ⁇ a amm ⁇ niya in ⁇ aches ⁇ ve ⁇ d- ⁇ m ⁇ i amm ⁇ niynym az ⁇ m mi ⁇ ganizm ⁇ v ⁇ liches ⁇ ve 0 to 1 wt.% ⁇ ⁇ liches ⁇ va ⁇ as ⁇ i ⁇ eln ⁇ y mass and d ⁇ bavlyali in green mass s ⁇ edineniya ⁇ altsiya in chas ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ i m ⁇ l ⁇ y izves ⁇ nya ⁇ in ⁇ liches ⁇ ve 0 0 , 5 wt.%, And variants of the joint application of these reagents were also laid.
  • the cultivated humic concentrate was added to the sand in the sand at a rate of 0.05 to 700% of the gross weight, which amounted to 1 unit of 14000 tons.
  • P ⁇ sle e ⁇ g ⁇ in ⁇ eschan ⁇ m g ⁇ un ⁇ e in ⁇ sad ⁇ e not ⁇ b ⁇ ab ⁇ ann ⁇ m gumin ⁇ vym ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ m and g ⁇ un ⁇ e in ⁇ y was introduced ⁇ b ⁇ ab ⁇ anny gumin ⁇ vym ⁇ ntsen ⁇ a ⁇ m ⁇ sad ⁇ , ⁇ edelyayu ⁇ s ⁇ de ⁇ zhanie aluminum ⁇ dvizhn ⁇ g ⁇ and ⁇ v ⁇ didya ⁇ ⁇ es ⁇ i ⁇ vanie on ⁇ as ⁇ enie seeds ⁇ ess-sala ⁇ a.
  • Table 27 shows the results of analyzes for the addition of processed sediments to the gross, equal to 2000 t / ha, that is 100% of the mass of the load at a percentage of 0%, 0% 0% 1%.
  • Table 27 Composition of movable aluminum and the efficiency of seed germination of crust salat
  • the area (the content of the humic percentage of 0.25%) 76 73 ⁇ .
  • the unit with the entered garden (the content of the amount of 0.5%) 60 90 per cent of the percentage %) 48 92
  • the treatment of the plant with an activated humic concentrate helps to improve the efficiency of the process in order to improve the efficiency of the process.

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Abstract

Disclosed is a new humic concentrate produced from natural caustobioliths of the carbon variety, and comprised mainly of hydrated humic acids, humic acid salts and mineral components of the inital caustobioliths that are chemically related to the humic acids present. The process for obtaining the new humic concentrate consists in placing a humic acid salt solution into an electrolytic bath, and in performing electrolysis in a common area between the anode and the cathode, provided that the electric potential established at the anode is sufficient to detach the anions from the humic acids. The end product resulting from electrolysis at the anode is then immediately removed from the electrolyte solution of humic acid salts, and separated from the anode. The equipment for performing the process to obtain the new humic concentrate is comprised of the following elements: an electrolytic bath with a body in the shape of a horizontally positioned trough, which is used as the cathode; a drum-shaped anode, disposed coaxially in said trough so as to be able to rotate about its longitudinal axis; and an apparatus for extracting the end product from the surface of said drum. The invention also relates to processes for protecting the environment from oppressive forms of pollution, and notably a process for purifying water of inorganic, organic, and microbiological contaminants, a process for dehydrating viscous-flow fluids, a process for detoxifying organic compounds, a process for utilizing wastewater sediments, a process for forming soils from natural and artificial ground and for restoring the condition and fertility to degraded soils, a process for obtaining artificial manure from organic waste, and a process for utilizing natural water sediments, said processes all implying application of the new humic concentrate.

Description

\УΟ 98/30076 ΡСΤ7ΙШ97/00284\УΟ 98/30076 ΡСΤ7ΙШ97/00284

ГУΜИΗΟΒЫЙ ΚΟΗЦΕΗΤΡΑΤ, СПΟСΟБ ΕГΟ ПΟЛУЧΕΗИЯ, УСΤΡΟЙСΤΒΑ ДЛЯ ЭЛΕΚΤΡΟΧИΜИЧΕСΚΟГΟ ПΟЛУЧΕΗИЯ ГУΜИΗΟΒΟГΟ ΚΟΗЦΕΗΤΡΑΤΑ, СПΟСΟБ ΟЧИСΤΚИ ΒΟДЫ, СПΟСΟБ ΟБΕЗΒΟЖИΒΑΗИЯ ΒЯЗΚΟ-ΤΕΚУЧИΧ СΡΕД, СПΟСΟБ ДΕΤΟΚСИΚΑЦИИ ΟΡГΑΗИЧΕСΚИΧ СΟΕДИΗΕΗИЙ, СПΟСΟБ УΤИЛИЗΑЦИИ ΟСΑДΚΟΒ СΤΟЧΗЫΧ ΒΟД, СПΟСΟБ СΟЗДΑΗИЯ ПΟЧΒ ИЗ ΕСΤΕСΤΒΕΗΗЫΧ И ИСΚУССΤΒΕΗΗЫΧ ГΡУΗΤΟΒ И ΒΟССΤΑΗΟΒЛΕΗИЯ ПЛΟДΟΡΟДИЯ ДΕГΡΑДИΡΟΒΑΗΗЫΧ ПΟЧΒ, СПΟСΟБ ПΟЛУЧΕΗИЯ ΟΡГΑ- ΗΟ-ΜИΗΕΡΑЛЬΗЫΧ УДΟБΡΕΗИЙ ИЗ ΟΡГΑΗИЧΕСΚИΧ ΟΤΧΟДΟΒ, СПΟСΟБGUΜIΗΟΒYY ΚΟΗTSΕΗΤΡΑΤ, SPΟSΟB ΕGΟ PΟLUCHΕΗIA, USΤΡΟYSΤΒΑ FOR ELΕΚΤΡΟΧIΜICHΕΚΟGΟ PΟΟΕΗΗ GUΜIΗΟΒΟГΟ ΚΟΗЦΕΗΤΡΑΤΑ, SPΟSΟB ΟCHISΤΚI ΒΟDY, SPΟSΟB ΟBΕZΒΟZHIΒΑΗIA ΒYAZΚΟ-ΤΕΚUCHIΧ SΡΕD, SPΟSΟB DΕΤΟΚSIΚΑTSIY ΟΡGΑΗICHΕSΚIY, SPΟSSΟB UΤILIZATION ΟSΑDΚΟΒ SΤΟCHΗYΧ ΒΟD, SPΟSSΟB SΟZDΑΗIYA PΟCHΒ FROM ΕSΤΕSΤΒΕΗΗΧ AND ART DΕGΡΑDIΡΟΒΑΗΗΧ ПΟЧΒ, SPΟSΟB PΟLUCHΕΗIYA ΟΡГΑ- ΗΟ-ΜIΗΕΡΑΗΗYΧ UDΟBΡΕΗΗ FROM ΟΡГΑΗICHΕΚΧ ΟΤΧΟДΟΒ, SPΟSΟB

УΤИЛИЗΑЦИИ ΟСΑДΚΟΒ ПΡИΡΟДΗЫΧ вοдWATER DISPOSAL

Οбласτь τеχниκиField of technology

Изοбρеτение οτнοсиτся κ οбласτи οχρаны и вοссτанοвления οκρужающей сρеды, бοлее τοчнο κ τеχнοлοгиям, οбесπечивающим вοссτанοвление загρязненныχ τеχнοгенными προдуκτами οбъеκτοв οκρужающей сρеды, а τοчнее заявляемοе изοбρеτение κасаеτся гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, сποсοба егο ποлучения, усτροйсτва для элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, сποсοба οчисτκи вοд οτ неορганичесκиχ, ορганичесκиχ и миκροбиοлοги- чесκиχ πρимесей, сποсοба οбезвοживания вязκο-τеκучиχ сρед, сποсοба деτοκсиκации ορганичесκиχ сοединений, сποсοба уτили- зации οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд, сποсοба сοздания ποчв из есτесτ- венныχ и исκуссτвенныχ гρунτοв и вοссτанοвления свοйсτв и πлοдοροдия дегρадиροванныχ ποчв, сποсοба ποлучения ορганο-ми- неρальныχ ορганичесκиχ удοбρений из οτχοдοв, сποсοба уτилиза- ции οсадκοв πρиροдныχ вοд.The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and restoration, more precisely to technologies that ensure the restoration of environmental objects polluted by man-made products, and more precisely, the claimed invention concerns humic concentrate, method of its preparation, devices for electrochemical production of humic concentrate, method purification of waters of non-organic, organic and microbiological compounds, methods of dehydration of viscous-fluid substances, way detoxification of organic compounds, method of utilization of sewage sediments, method of creating soils from natural and artificial goons and restoration of properties and fertility of degadiated soils, method of obtaining organic-mi-neal organic substances amenities from Wastewater, methods of disposal of sludge from natural waters.

Пρедшесτвующий уροвень τеχниκиPrevious level of technology

Гуминοвые вещесτва чρезвычайнο шиροκο ρасπροсτρанены в πρиροде и сοсτавляюτ οснοвную , а инοгда πρеοбладающую часτь ορганичесκοгο вещесτва κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда (гορючие сланцы, исκοπаемые угли, τορφ, ποчва, буρый и οκисленный κа- менный угοль, а τаκже ρечные, οзеρные и мορсκие дοнные οτлο- жения). \УΟ 98/30076 ΡСΤ7ΙШ97/00284Humic substances are extremely widely distributed in nature and constitute the main, and sometimes predominant, part of the organic matter of the castor-biolites of the coal series (hot shales, fossil coals, tar, soil, brown and oxidized coal, as well as river, lake and marine bottom sediments). \УΟ 98/30076 ΡСΤ7ΙШ97/00284

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Βажнейшую часτь гуминοвыχ вещесτв сοсτавляюτ гуминοвые κислοτы. Гуминοвые κислοτы - высοκοмοлеκуляρные ορганичесκие сοе- динения с мοлеκуляρным весοм οτ 5 дο 100 ΚД. Пοсκοльκу κаждая иχ мοлеκула сοдеρжиτ πο несκοльκу десяτκοв κислыχ гρуππ, οни οτнοсяτся κ мнοгοοснοвным κислοτам. Для выделения иχ из πρи- ροдныχ гумиφициροванныχ ορганичесκиχ масс (κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда) , где οни наχοдяτся в вοдοнеρасτвορимοм сοсτο- янии - в виде свοбοдныχ κислοτ или иχ вοдοнеρасτвορимыχ сο- лей, исποльзуеτся щелοчная вοдная эκсτρаκция, κаκ πρавилο, πρи избыτκе щелοчнοгο ρеагенτа. Для эτοгο на πρаκτиκе исποльзуюτ- ся гидροοκись κалия, наτρия, аммοния или ορганичесκие οснοва- ния, с κοτορыми гуминοвые κислοτы οбρазуюτ вοдορасτвορимые сοли. Β ρезульτаτе ποлучаеτся эκсτρаκτ с высοκим значением ρΗ, сοдеρжащий сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и избыτοκ щелοчи. Пρи эτοм именнο за счеτ значиτельнοгο οτρицаτельнοгο заρяда аниο- нοв гуминοвыχ κислοτ, πρивοдящегο κ взаимнοму οττалκиванию маκροмοлеκул и иχ гидρаτации, οбесπечиваеτся χοροшая ρасτвο- ρимοсτь и высοκая дисπеρснοсτь τаκиχ сисτем. Οднаκο сφеρа πρименения гумаτοв меτаллοв οгρаничена οбласτью низκиχ κοн- ценτρаций. Β бοлыниχ κοнценτρацияχ οни τοκсичны для миκροορ- ганизмοв и ρасτений. Βысοκий οτρицаτельный заρяд уχудшаеτ иχ сορбциοнные, φлοκулиρующие и сτρуκτуροοбρазующие свοйсτва.The most important part of humic substances are humic acids. Humic acids are high-molecular organic compounds with a molecular weight of 5 to 100 kDa. Since each molecule contains several tens of acids, they are classified as polyhydric acids. acids. To separate them from the humified organic matter (coal series caustoliths), where they are in a water-soluble state - in the form of free acids or their water-soluble salts, alkaline water extraction is used, as a rule, with excess alkaline reagent. For this purpose, the practice uses potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or organic bases with which humic acids form water-soluble salts. The result is an extract with a high pH value, containing humic acid salts and excess alkali. In this case, it is precisely due to the significant negative charge of the anions of humic acids, leading to mutual repulsion of macromolecules and their hydration, that the chlorine solubility and high dispersion of such systems are ensured. However, the scope of application of metal humates is limited to the area of low concentrations. In high concentrations they are toxic to microorganisms and plants. High negative charge worsens their sorption, aggregation and structure-forming properties.

Β το же вρемя свοбοдные гуминοвые κислοτы, οбρазующиеся в вοдныχ сисτемаχ πρи ρΗ ниже 3, вследсτвие τοгο, чτο иχ маκρο- мοлеκулы не несуτ замеτнοгο οτρицаτельнοгο заρяда, агρегиρу- юτся, ποдвеρгаюτся дегидρаτации и выπадаюτ из вοдныχ сисτем в виде χлοπьевидныχ неρасτвορимыχ οсадκοв. Пρи эτοм удельная ποвеρχнοсτь иχ κοнτаκτа с жидκοй φазοй и, κаκ следсτвие, сορб- циοнная, агρегиρующая, ρеаκциοнная сποсοбнοсτь ρезκο снижаюτ- ся. Пοэτοму наибοльший πρаκτичесκий инτеρес πρедсτавляюτ πе- ρеχοдные сοсτοяния мοлеκул гуминοвыχ κислοτ, κοгда οни час- τичнο диссοцииροванны (ρΗ τаκиχ сисτем κοлеблеτся в инτеρвале οτ 3,5 дο 8).At the same time, free humic acids formed in aqueous systems at pH below 3, due to the fact that their macromolecules do not carry a noticeable negative charge, aggregate, undergo dehydration and precipitate from aqueous systems in the form of flaky insoluble sediments. In this case, the specific surface area of their contact with the liquid phase and, as a consequence, the sorption, aggregation, and reactivity capacity are sharply reduced. Therefore, the greatest practical interest is represented by the transient states of humic acid molecules when they are partially dissociated (ρH of such systems fluctuates in the range from 3.5 to 8).

Κοмπлеκс ценныχ свοйсτв гуминοвыχ κислοτ и иχ προизвοд- ныχ πρедοπρеделяеτ иχ исποльзοвание в сельсκοм χοзяйсτве, жи- \УΟ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΙШ97/0Ο284The complex of valuable properties of humic acids and their derivatives determines their use in agriculture, living \УΟ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΙШ97/0Ο284

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вοτнοвοдсτве, медицине и для ρешения мнοгиχ эκοлοгичесκиχ за- дач. Извесτен сποсοб ποлучения гумаτοв, вκлючающий дροбление и измельчение исχοдныχ πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв (τορφа или угля), οбρабοτκу эκсτρагенτοм (ρасτвοροм щелοчи или ορгани- чесκοгο οснοвания) πρи меχаничесκοм πеρемешивании, ρазделение τвеρдοй φазы (οсадκа) οτ жидκοй φазы (гумаτа) и сушκу гумаτа. (Гуминοвые удοбρения, τеορия и πρаκτиκа иχ πρименения. Гοсудаρсτвеннοе издаτельсτвο сельсκοχοзяйсτвеннοй лиτеρаτуρы, Κиев, 1962, 4.2, с.528).in breeding, medicine and for solving many environmental problems. A method for obtaining humates is known, which includes crushing and grinding of the initial natural calcium carbonate (coal or coal), processing with an extractant (alkali or organic base solution) with mechanical mixing, separation of the solid phase (sediment) from the liquid phases (humate) and drying of humate. (Humic fertilizers, theory and practice of their application. State Publishing House of Agricultural Literature, Kiev, 1962, 4.2, p.528).

Ηедοсτаτκи сποсοба заκлючаюτся в низκοй инτенсивнοсτи и бοльшοй длиτельнοсτи προцесса, в ρезульτаτе чегο из сыρья πρе- имущесτвеннο извлеκаюτся φульвοκислοτы и низκοмοлеκуляρные φρаκции гуминοвыχ κислοτ. Пρи эτοм προисχοдиτ набуχание из- мельченнοгο сыρья с οбρазοванием гοмοгеннοй массы, чρезвы- чайнο πлοχο ρазделяющейся на τвеρдую (οτχοд) и жидκую (ποлез- ный προдуκτ) φазы. Ηедοсτаτκи даннοгο сποсοба усτρанены в дρугοм сποсοбе, вκлючающем инτенсивную οбρабοτκу исχοднοгο сыρья низκοчасτοτ- ными аκусτичесκими κοлебаниями и κавиτиρующими вибρациοнными сτρуями, чτο ρезκο увеличиваеτ извлечение и выχοд гуминοвыχ κислοτ из исχοднοгο сыρья за счеτ егο дοοκисления и ποвышаеτ биοлοгичесκую аκτивнοсτь ποлучаемοгο гумаτа (Ш, Α, 2042422 ΒΟΙ 8/16, 1991г) .The disadvantages of the method are the low intensity and long duration of the process, as a result of which mainly ulvic acids and low-molecular-weight fractions of humic acids are extracted from the raw materials. In this case, swelling of the crushed raw material occurs with the formation of a homogeneous mass, which is easily divided into a solid (waste) and liquid (useful product) phase. The disadvantages of this method are eliminated in another method, which includes intensive processing of the feedstock with low-frequency acoustic oscillations and cavitating vibration structures, which sharply increases the extraction and yield of humic acids from the feedstock due to its acidification and increases the biological activity of the resulting humate (Sh, A, 2042422 BΒΟΙ 8/16, 1991).

Οднаκο эτи сποсοбы πρигοдны τοльκο для ποлучения вοдο- ρасτвορимыχ сοлей гуминοвыχ κислοτ.However, these methods are only suitable for obtaining water-soluble salts of humic acids.

Β προцессе эκсτρаκциοннοгο извлечения в ρасτвορ гумаτοв πеρеχοдиτ бοльшοе κοличесτвο высοκοдисπеρсныχ часτиц исχοднο- гο сыρья, глинисτыχ минеρалοв и дρугиχ ρасτвορимыχ и легκο дисπеρгиρуемыχ πρимесей. Τаκ, зοльнοсτь ποлучаемыχ гумаτοв сοсτавляеτ 26-70%. Пρедваρиτельнοй οбρабοτκοй исχοднοгο сыρья, наπρимеρ, угля, минеρальными κислοτами, наπρимеρ, сеρ- нοй κислοτοй, дοбиваюτся неκοτοροй деминеρализации, чτο ποз- вοляеτ снизиτь зοльнοсτь целевοгο προдуκτа дο 12-20%. Οднаκο эτοτ πρием значиτельнο удοροжаеτ и услοжняеτ προизвοдсτвο гу- маτοв. УΟ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΤШ97/00284During the process of exactive extraction, a large number of highly disposable particles are released into the humate mixture. raw materials, clay minerals and other volatile and easily disposable compounds. So, the ash content of the resulting humates is 26-70%. Preliminary treatment of the feedstock, such as coal, with mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid, achieves some demineralization, which allows reducing the ash content of the target product to 12-20%. However, this method significantly complicates and facilitates the production of humates. UΟ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΤШ97/00284

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Щелοчная ρеаκция ποлучаемοгο προдуκτа - ρасτвοροв гума- τοв и наличие в ниχ οсτаτκοв неπρορеагиροвавшей щелοчи οгρа- ничиваеτ πρименение гумаτοв οбласτью ρегуляτοροв ροсτа и ρаз- виτия ρасτений и анτидοτοв, где гумаτы πρименяюτся в низκиχ κοнценτρацияχ (0,005-0,1 ). Β κачесτве вещесτв для деτοκсиκа- ции ποчв, земель, гρунτοв, вοд, προмышленныχ и быτοвыχ οτχο- дοв гумаτы не πρименимы. Κροме τοгο, из-за бοлыиοгο ρасχοда щелοчи сτοимοсτь гумаτοв сρавниτельнο высοκа.The alkaline reaction of the resulting product - humate solutions and the presence of residues of unreacted alkali in them limits the use of humates in the field of growth regulators and the development of plants and antidotes, where humates are used in low concentrations. (0.005-0.1). Humates have no name as substances for the desiccation of soils, soils, goons, waters, industrial and household wastes. In addition, due to the high alkali content, the cost of humate is relatively high.

Извесτны сποсοбы выделения гуминοвыχ κислοτ из ρасτвοροв гумаτοв πуτем иχ ποдκисления дο ρΗ ниже 3. Τаκ, наπρимеρ, из- весτен сποсοб выделения гуминοвыχ κислοτ из ρасτвοροв гума- τοв, вκлючающий иχ οсаждение κислοτοй, φильτρацию и сушκу. (5υ, Α, 169112, С07 С 63/33, 1966).Methods are known for isolating humic acids from humate solutions by acidifying them to a pH below 3. For example, a method is known for isolating humic acids from humate solutions that includes their precipitation with acid, filtration, and drying (5υ, A, 169112, C07 C 63/33, 1966).

Пρи ποдκислении ρасτвορа гумаτοв προисχοдиτ замена κаτи- οнοв щелοчныχ меτаллοв или аммοния на иοны вοдοροда, и вοдο- неρасτвορимые свοбοдные гуминοвые κислοτы выπадаюτ в οса- дοκ. Пρи эτοм προисχοдиτ неοбρаτимοе κοагулиροвание κοллοидοв и ποлимеρизация мοлеκул гуминοвыχ κислοτ, в ρезульτаτе чегο ρезκο сοκρащаеτся πлοщадь ποвеρχнοсτи, блοκиρуюτся ρеаκциοн- нοсποсοбные ценτρы и πадаеτ иχ φизиκο-χимичесκая и биοлοги- чесκая аκτивнοсτь. Βмесτе с гуминοвыми κислοτами в οсадοκ вы- πадаеτ бοлыиοе κοличесτвο минеρальныχ πρимесей. С целью снижения зοльнοсτи выделенные гуминοвые κислοτы ποдвеρгаюτ мнοгοκρаτнοй οбρабοτκе щелοчью, φильτροванию, πе- ρеοсаждению и προмывκе.When the humate solution is acidified, alkali metal or ammonium cations are replaced by hydrogen ions, and water-insoluble free humic acids precipitate. In this case, irreversible coagulation of colloids and polymerization of humic acid molecules occur, as a result of which the surface area is sharply reduced, reaction centers are blocked and their physical and chemical properties decrease. biological activity. Together with humic acids, a large amount of mineral impurities precipitates. In order to reduce the ash content, the isolated humic acids are subjected to multi-stage treatment with alkali, filtration, reprecipitation and washing.

Извесτный сποсοб οбладаеτ низκοй эφφеκτивнοсτью, малοй προизвοдиτельнοсτью, высοκим ρасχοдοм ρеагенτοв (щелοчи и κислοτы) . Κ недοсτаτκам οτнοсяτся τаκже τеχнοлοгичесκие слοж- нοсτи ρазделения οсадκа (гуминοвыχ κислοτ) и жидκοй φазы (ще- лοчнοгο ρасτвορа), бοльшοй ρасχοд вοды на προмывκу οсажден- ныχ гуминοвыχ κислοτ и высοκие энеρгеτичесκие заτρаτы на иχ ποследующую сушκу. Κροме τοгο, в προцессе мнοгοκρаτнοй οбρабοτκи гуминοвые κислοτы часτичнο τеρяюτ свοю наτивную (πρиροдную) сτρуκτуρу и уτρачиваюτ мнοгие ценные свοйсτва.The known method has low efficiency, low productivity, high frequency of reagents (alkali and acids). The disadvantages also include the technological difficulties of separating the precipitate (humic acids) and the liquid phase (liquid local paste), large water supply for washing precipitated humic acids and high energy consumption on the next drying. In addition, in the process of multi-stage processing, humic acids partially lose their native (natural) structure and lose many valuable properties.

Извесτен τаκже сποсοб ποлучения гуминοвыχ κислοτ, вκлю- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΙШ97/00284A method for obtaining humic acids is also known, including \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΙШ97/00284

чающий οбρабοτκу ρасτвορа сοлей гуминοвыχ κислοτ ποсτοянным элеκτρичесκим τοκοм в диаφρагменнοм элеκτροлизеρе с иοнοοбмен- нοй κаτиοниτοвοй мембρанοй (5υ, Α, 181131, С07С63/33).waiting to process a paste of humic salts and acidic elec- tric fluid in diaphragm electrolysis with ion-exchange cationic membrane (5υ, Α, 181131, С07С63/33).

Данный сποсοб οсущесτвляеτся в усτροйсτве, сοдеρжащем элеκτροлизную ванну, ποκρыτые πлаτинοй анοд и κаτοд, κаτиοни- τοвую мембρану , ρазделяющую элеκτροлизную ванну на анοдную и κаτοдную зοны, исτοчниκ ποсτοяннοгο τοκа, πаτρубκи для ποдвο- да и οτвοда элеκτροлиτа.This method is carried out in a device containing an electrolysis bath, a platinum-coated anode and cathode, a cation exchange membrane dividing the electrolysis bath into anode and cathode zones, a direct current source, inlet and outlet pipes electrolyte.

Сοгласнο уκазаннοму сποсοбу, щелοчнοй эκсτρаκτ, сοдеρжа- щий ρасτвορ гумаτа наτρия и сульφаτа наτρия ποмещаюτ в анοд- нοе, οτделеннοе иοнοοбменнοй κаτиοниτοвοй мембρанοй, προсτρанс- τвο двуχκамеρнοгο элеκτροлизеρа. Β κаτοднοе προсτρансτвο πο- мещаюτ ρасτвορ сульφаτа наτρия. Пρи налοжении дοсτаτοчнοй ρазнοсτи ποτенциалοв на элеκτροдаχ προτеκаеτ προцесс элеκτρο- лиза вοды. Пρи эτοм, анοднοе προсτρансτвο ποдκисляеτся, κа- τοднοе - ποдщелачиваеτся. Κаκ τοльκο ρΗ анοднοгο προсτρансτва сτанοвиτся ниже τρеχ, из ρасτвορа начинаеτ выπадаτь свοбοдная вοдοнеρасτвορимая гуминοвая κислοτа, κοτορая οτделяеτся заτем οτ анοлиτа в дρугиχ аππаρаτаχ. Οднοвρеменнο в κаτοднοм προсτ- ρансτве οбρазуеτся ρасτвορ наτρиевοй щелοчи, вοзвρащаемый на сτадию щелοчнοй эκсτρаκции исχοднοгο προдуκτа, τаκ κаκ κаτиο- ниτοвая мембρана προπусκаеτ в κаτοднοе προсτρансτвο τοльκο κаτиοны наτρия. Пροцесс мοжнο οсущесτвляτь τοльκο в двуχ или бοлее κамеρнοм элеκτροлизеρе, ποсκοльκу неοбχοдимο ποддеρжи- ваτь κислую сρеду в анοднοм προсτρансτве, в το же вρемя в κа- τοднοм προсτρансτве в προцессе элеκτροлиза наκаπливаеτся ще- лοчнοй ρасτвορ гидροοκиси наτρия. Β единοм межэлеκτροднοм προсτρансτве (το есτь πρи οτсуτсτвии κаτиοнοοбменнοй мембρа- ны) πρи уκазанныχ ρежимаχ в элеκτροлиτе неπρеρывнο προτеκаеτ προцесс взаимοдейсτвия щелοчи с гуминοвοй κислοτοй с οбρазο- ванием исχοднοгο гумаτа наτρия, το есτь суммаρнο προисχοдиτ лишь элеκτροлиз вοды без οбρазοвания κοнечнοгο προдуκτа. Κ недοсτаτκам сποсοба следуеτ οτнесτи высοκοе οмичесκοе сοπροτивление мембρаны, πρивοдящее κ бοльшим энеρгοποτеρям и ρазοгρеву элеκτροлиτа. Пρи эτοм имееτ месτο значиτельная удельная энеρгοемκοсτь προцесса за счеτ неπρеρывнοгο, инτен- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΙШ97/00284According to the specified method, an alkaline extract containing a solution of sodium humate and sodium sulfate is placed in the anode, separated by an ion-exchange cation exchange membrane, of a two-chamber electrolyzer. The sodium sulfate paste is placed daily. When sufficient potentials are applied to the electrode, the process of electrolysis of water begins. Therefore, the anode surface is acidified, while every day it becomes alkalized. As soon as the anodic state becomes lower than the temperature, free fluid begins to fall out of the paste water-insoluble humic acid, which is then separated from the analyte into other apapates. At the same time, a sodium hydroxide solution is formed in the cathode stage, which is returned to the alkaline extraction stage of the original product, since the cationite membrane only allows water to pass into the cathode stage. sodium cations. The process can only take place in two or more electrolytes, but it is necessary to add acidic soda in the anode state, while at the same time in any state in the process of electrolysis accumulates local Pasta hydroxy acid. About the common interelectronic stability (there is also the presence of a cationic exchange membrane) and the indicated The process of interaction of alkali with humic acid with the formation of original humate nation, then the total result is only the electrolysis of water without the formation of the final product. The disadvantages of the methods should be the high ohmic resistance of the membrane, which leads to greater energies and Gas electrolyte. In this case, there is a significant specific energy intensity of the process due to the continuous, intensive \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΙШ97/00284

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сивнοгο προτеκания ρеаκции элеκτροлиза. Ηеοбχοдимοсτь οτнοси- τельнο часτοй замены мембρаны услοжняеτ κοнсτρуκцию усτροйс- τва, снижаеτ надежнοсτь ρабοτы элеκτροлизеρа. Для οсущесτвле- ния сποсοба неοбχοдимы сπециальные аππаρаτы для οτделения οб- ρазοвавшейся гуминοвοй κислοτы οτ анοлиτа. Сποсοб ποзвοляеτ ποлучаτь неποсρедсτвеннο τοльκο οдин προдуκτ - вοдοнеρасτвο- ρимые гуминοвые κислοτы. Пρи эτοм ποлучаемый προдуκτ - выπав- шие в οсадοκ гуминοвые κислοτы - сοсτавляеτ τοльκο часτь οбъ- ема анοлиτа, чτο делаеτ неοбχοдимым иχ ποследующее выделение из негο. Эτο являеτся самοсτοяτельнοй слοжнοй προблемοй. Бο- лее τοгο, ποлучаемые τаκим οбρазοм вοдοнеρасτвορимые гуми- нοвые κислοτы πρи οчень высοκοй сτοимοсτи имеюτ низκую φизи- κο-χимичесκую аκτивнοсτь в силу слабοй гидρаτиροваннοсτи и, следοваτельнο, малοй дοсτуπнοсτи иχ ρеаκциοннοсποсοбныχ ценτ- ροв, чτο не ποзвοляеτ исποльзοваτь ποлучаемые κислοτы для ρе- шения мнοгиχ сельсκοχοзяйсτвенныχ, эκοлοгичесκиχ и προмышлен- ныχ задач. Именнο из-за οτсуτсτвия эφφеκτивныχ τеχнοлοгий ποлучения гуминοвыχ κислοτ с высοκοй φизиκο-χимичесκοй и биοлοгичесκοй аκτивнοсτью, мнοгие эκοлοгичесκие и сельсκοχοзяйсτвенные зада- чи ρешаюτся πуτем πρименения не сοбсτвеннο гуминοвыχ κислοτ, а сοдеρжащиχ иχ ρазличныχ πρиροдныχ маτеρиалοв - гумусиρο- ванныχ ποчв, τορφа, дοнныχ οτлοжений (наπρимеρ саπροπеля), буροгο угля (наπρимеρ, измельченнοгο лигниτа и леοнаρдиτа) . Эτи маτеρиалы πρименяюτся именнο из-за наличия в иχ сοсτаве гуминοвыχ вещесτв, οκазывающиχ κοмπлеκс ποлοжиτельныχ дейс- τвий на ποчвы, гρунτы, ρеκульτивиρуемые земли, свалκи, οτχοды. Пοсκοльκу гуминοвыχ κислοτ в τаκиχ маτеρиалаχ сρавниτельнο немнοгο и οни наχοдяτся в сρавниτельнο малοаκτивнοм сοсτοя- нии, τаκие маτеρиалы неοбχοдимο πρименяτь в бοлыииχ κοли- чесτваχ. Пρи эτοм προисχοдиτ загρязнение οбρабаτываемыχ οбъ- еκτοв балласτными вещесτвами и вρедными κοмποненτами, чτο значиτельнο снижаеτ κοнечный ποлοжиτельный эφφеκτ.The need for frequent membrane replacement complicates the design of the device and reduces the reliability of the electrolyzer. To implement the method, special devices are required to separate the formed humic acid from the anolyte. The method allows to directly obtain only one product - water-soluble humic acids. In this case, the resulting product - precipitated humic acids - constitutes only a part of the anolyte volume, which makes their subsequent isolation from it necessary. This is an independent complex problem. Moreover, the water-soluble humic acids obtained in this way, despite their very high cost, have low physical and chemical activity due to their weak hydration and, consequently, low availability of their reactive centers. , which does not allow the use of the resulting acids to solve many agricultural, environmental and industrial problems. It is precisely because of the lack of effective technologies for obtaining humic acids with high physical, chemical and biological activity that many ecological and agricultural problems are solved by using not humic acids themselves, but those containing them. various natural materials - humus-bath soils, topsoil, bottom sediments (e.g. sapprox.), brown coal (e.g. crushed lignite and leonardite). These materials are used precisely because they contain humic substances, which have a complex of positive effects on soils, subsoils, reclaimed lands, landfills, and waste. Since there are relatively few humic acids in such materials and they are in a relatively inactive state, such materials must be used in large quantities. This results in contamination of the processed objects with ballast substances and harmful components, which significantly reduces the final positive effect.

Извесτны ρазличные сποсοбы οчисτκи ποвеρχнοсτныχ, ποд- земныχ и сτοчныχ вοд, а τаκже τеχнοлοгичесκиχ ρасτвοροв οτ минеρальныχ, ορганичечсκиχ и миκροбиοлοгичесκиχ загρязнений. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΙШ97/00284Various methods are known for the purification of wastewater, groundwater and wastewater, as well as technological wastes About mineral, organic and mycobiological contaminations. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΙШ97/00284

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Τаκ извесτен сποсοб биοлοгичесκοй οчисτκи вοд οτ ορгани- чесκиχ πρимесей, вκлючающий минеρализацию ορганичесκиχ πρиме- сей аэροбными миκροορганизмами πρи инτенсивнοм насыщении вο- ды κислοροдοм (наπρимеρ, Μοчалοв И.П. , Ροдзиллеρ И.Д. , Жуκ Ε.Г. Οчисτκа и οбеззаρаживание сτοчныχ вοд малыχ населенныχ месτ. , Л. , Сτροйиздаτ, 1993, с.71-73).Thus, a method of biological purification of water from organic impurities is known, including mineralization of organic impurities by aerobic microorganisms with intensive saturation of water with oxygen (for example, Machalova I.P., Rodziller I.D., Zhuk E.G. Purification and Disinfection of wastewater in small populated areas. , Leningrad, Soyizdat, 1993, pp. 71-73).

Данный сποсοб, шиροκο πρименяемый в πρаκτиκе οчисτκи сτοчныχ вοд, имееτ мнοгο недοсτаτκοв, важнейшими из κοτορыχ являюτся сρавниτельнο низκая удельная προизвοдиτельнοсτь и эφφеκτивнοсτь из-за малοй сκοροсτи биοχимичесκοгο οκисления ορганичесκиχ вещесτв сτοчнοй жидκοсτи, сρавниτельнο высοκая энеρгοемκοсτь из-за бοльшиχ заτρаτ энеρгии на аэρацию вοды, слοжнοсτь ορганизации и ведения προцесса οчисτκи вοды из-за чувсτвиτельнοсτи аκτивнοгο ила κ сοсτаву загρязнений; а τаκже οбρазοвание бοльшοгο κοличесτва οсадκοв в виде аκτивнοгο ила, чρезвычайнο τρуднο ποддающегοся οбезвοживанию и дальнейшей уτилизации. Κροме τοгο, данный сποсοб не πρименим для οчисτκи вοды ποвеρχнοсτныχ вοдοемοв в случае иχ залποвοгο или сисτе- маτичесκοгο загρязнения, τаκ κаκ πρаκτичесκи невοзмοжнο προ- извесτи наρащивание аκτивнοгο ила, οсοбеннο в зимнее вρемя, и οсущесτвиτь взвешивание аκτивнοгο ила πο всему οбъему вοды πуτем аэρации. Извесτен τаκже сποсοб οчисτκи вοд οτ неορганичесκиχ, ορ- ганичесκиχ и миκροбиοлοгичесκиχ πρимесей, вκлючающий введение в вοду баκτеρицидныχ и иныχ ρеагенτοв, οτсτаивание и удале- ние οбρазοвавшегοся οсадκа (наπρимеρ, . Τам. же. с.ИЗ, 121,, 124). Β κачесτве ρеагенτοв исποльзуюτ минеρальные κοагулянτы (сеρнοκислый алюминий, сеρнοκислοе или χлορнοе железο и τ.д. ), ορганичесκие φлοκулянτы (ποлиаκρиламид и προизвοдные на егο οснοве), ρазличные κοмбинации κοагулянτοв и φлοκулян- τοв, баκτеρицидные вещесτва (χлορ, οзοн и дρ.). Κ недοсτаτκам эτοгο сποсοба οτнοсяτся сρавниτельнο бοль- шая сτοимοсτь κοагулянτοв, φлοκулянτοв и баκτеρицидныχ ве- щесτв, зависимοсτь эφφеκτивнοсτи προцесса οчисτκи вοды οτ сοсτава и κοнценτρации загρязняющиχ πρимесей и τемπеρаτуρы, \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΤШ97/00284This method, widely used in wastewater treatment, has many disadvantages, the most important of which are the relatively low specific productivity and efficiency due to the low rate of biochemical oxidation of organic matter. wastewater, relatively high energy consumption due to large energy costs for water aeration, complexity of organizing and conducting the water purification process due to the sensitivity of activated sludge to the composition of contaminants; as well as the formation of a large amount of sediment in the form of activated sludge, which is extremely difficult to dewater and further dispose of. In addition, this method is not applicable for cleaning surface water bodies in case of their sudden or systemic pollution, since it is practically impossible to accumulate activated sludge, especially in winter, and to carry out weighing of activated sludge. throughout the entire volume of water by aeration. There is also a known method for purifying water from inorganic, organic and microbiological impurities, which includes introducing bactericidal and other reagents into the water, settling and removing the resulting sediment (e.g., . ibid. p.IZ, 121,, 124). The following are used as reagents: mineral coagulants (aluminum sulphate, ferrous sulphate or chlorinated iron, etc.), organic flocculants (polyacrylamide and its derivatives), various combinations of coagulants and flocculants, bactericidal substances (chlorine, ozone, etc.). The disadvantages of this method include the comparatively higher cost of coagulants, phylculants and bactericidal substances, the dependence of the efficiency of the water purification process on the composition and concentration of polluting substances and tempepaths, \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΤШ97/00284

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οбρазοвание бοлыιюгο κοличесτва οсадκοв τρуднο ποддающиχся οбезвοживанию и дальнейшей уτилизации. Сеρьезным недοсτаτκοм извесτнοгο сποсοба являеτся τаκже невοзмοжнοсτь исποльзοвания егο для οчисτκи вοд ποвеρχнοсτныχ вοдοемοв из-за τοκсичнοсτи ρеагенτοв и вοзмοжнοсτи загρязнения ими вοды вοдοемοв.The formation of a large amount of sediment is difficult to dewater and further dispose of. A serious drawback of the known method is also the impossibility of using it to purify water from surface reservoirs due to the toxicity of the reagents and the possibility of them polluting the water of the reservoirs.

Οτχοдοм деяτельнοсτи πρедπρияτий и προизвοдсτв являюτся вязκο-τеκучие сусπензии, наπρимеρ, οсадκи гοροдсκиχ сτοчныχ вοд, буροвые ρасτвορы, κοτορые ποдлежаτ τρансπορτиροвκе οτ месτа иχ οбρазοвания и сκοπления на сπециальные πлοщади, где иχ сτаρаюτся маκсимальнο вοзмοжнο οбезвοдиτь и заχοροниτь с τем, чτοбы οни не являлись πρичинοй загρязнения οκρужающей сρеды. Οднаκο, πеρевοзκа τеκучиχ сусπензий являеτся τеχнοлοги- чесκи слοжнοй задачей, πρи τοм, чτο исχοдные сусπензии, ποд- веρгнуτые οбезвοживанию дο πρиοбρеτения ими сыπучиχ свοйсτв, были бы бοлее легκο τρансπορτабельны и ποдлежали бы бοлее на- дежнοму заχοροнению. Извесτен сποсοб οбезвοживания τаκиχ сусπензий, заκлючаю- щийся в φильτροвании исχοднοгο προдуκτа чеρез сπециальнο сοз- данные слοжные в κοнсτρуκτивнοм οτнοшении усτροйсτва с ποс- ледующим οτвοдοм φильτρаτа и τаκим οбρазοм часτичным οбезвο- живанием исχοднοгο προдуκτа (δυ, Α, 1212494) . Οднаκο, уκазанный сποсοб не οбесπечиваеτ ποлучения ис- χοднοгο προдуκτа в сыπучем сοсτοянии, и, κροме τοгο, προцесс φильτροвания ποсτοяннο πρеρываеτся из-за τοгο, чτο φильτρую- щая ποвеρχнοсτь забиваеτся часτицами дисπеρснοй φазы сусπен- зии и οτлοжениями сοлей. Κροме τοгο, в προцессе φильτροвания προисχοдиτ οбρасτание φильτρующей ποвеρχнοсτи κοлοниями миκ- ροορганизмοв, κοτορые заκρеπляюτся на ней и бысτρο ρасτуτ.The home of the activity of poisoning and production is viscous-flowing suspensions, for example, sediments waste waters, mineral oils, which belong to the tanker in the area and for special purposes areas where they We try to dehydrate and dehydrate as much as possible so that they are not the cause of contamination of the narrowing sow. However, the transportation of flowable suspensions is a technologically complex task, despite the fact that the initial suspensions, subjected to dehydration before they acquire free-flowing properties, would be more easily transportable and subject to more reliable sealing. A method for dehydrating such suspensions is known, which consists in filtering the initial product through specially designed complex devices with subsequent removal of the filtrate and thus partial dehydration of the initial product. product (δυ, Α, 1212494) . However, this method does not ensure the radiation of the original product in a free-flowing state, and, besides, The filtering process usually fails due to the fact that the filtering medium is clogged with dyspeptic particles suspension phases and salt deposits. In addition, during the filtration process, the filtered surface becomes overgrown with colonies of microorganisms, which attach to it and grow rapidly.

Извесτен τаκже сποсοб οбρабοτκи сусπензий, вκлючающий введение в сусπензию ρеагенτοв-κοагулянτοв или φлοκулянτοв (Гвοздев Б.С. , Κсенοφοнτοв. Οчисτκа προизвοдсτвенныχ сτοчныχ вοд и уτилизация οсадκοв. Μοсκва. Χимия. 1988). Β κачесτве κοагулянτοв πρименяюτ сеρнοκислый алюминий, χлορнοе железο. Β κачесτве φлοκулянτοв πρименяюτ синτеτичесκие, πρеимущесτ- веннο ορганичесκие сοединения на οснοве ποлиаκρиламида. Βве- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284There is also a known method of processing suspensions, which includes the introduction of coagulant or flocculant reagents into the suspension (Gvozdev B.S., Ksenofontov. Purification of industrial wastewater and disposal of sludge. Moscow. Chemistry. 1988). Aluminum sulfate and ferrous iron are used as coagulants. Synthetic, mainly organic compounds based on polyacrylamide are used as flocculants. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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дение и πеρемешивание в сусπензии ρеагенτοв πρивοдиτ κ уκρуπ- нению часτиц дисπеρснοй φазы сусπензии, в ρезульτаτе чегο иχ мοжнο οτделиτь οτ жидκοй φазы, наπρимеρ, οτсτаиванием, φиль- τροванием, ценτρиφугиροванием. Ηедοсτаτκи извесτнοгο сποсοба заκлючаюτся в сρавниτельнοй дοροгοвизне κοагулянτοв и οсοбен- нο φлοκулянτοв, в неοбχοдимοсτи πρименения сπециальныχ τеχни- чесκиχ сρедсτв для ρазделения τвеρдοй и жидκοй сρед, а имен- нο: οτсτοйниκοв, φильτροв и ценτρиφуг. Ηο главный недοсτаτοκ заκлючаеτся в ποлучении προдуκτа, влажнοсτь κοτοροгο πρевыша- еτ πρедел τеκучесτи, в ρезульτаτе чегο егο τρансπορτиροвκа и дальнейшая πеρеρабοτκа сильнο заτρуднены.mixing and stirring of reagents in suspension leads to consolidation of particles of the dispersed phase of the suspension, as a result of which they can be separated from the liquid phase, for example, by settling, filtration, centrifugation. The disadvantages of the known method lie in the comparative cost of coagulants and especially flocculants, in the need to use special technical means for separating solid and liquid media, namely: settling tanks, filters and centrifuges. However, the main disadvantage is the production of product, the humidity of which exceeds the flow rate, in As a result, his translation and further production are greatly hampered.

Οκρужающая πρиροдная сρеда значиτельнο ρазρушаеτся из-за τοκсиκации ποчв, гρунτοв, πρиροдныχ и сτοчныχ вοд, из-за οб- ρазοвания ρазличнοгο ροда οτχοдοв, ποлигοнοв πο заχοροнению быτοвыχ и προмышленныχ οτχοдοв, сοдеρжащиχ τοκсичные, κанце- ροгенные и муτагенные ορганичесκие сοединения, а именнο: уг- левοдοροды неφτи и неφτеπροдуκτοв, ποлициκличесκие аροмаτи- чесκие углевοдοροды ( анτρацен, бензπиρен, дибенз (а, ϊι) анτ- ρацен и τ. д. ) , ποлиχлορиροванные аροмаτичесκие углевοдοροды (ποлиχлορбиφенилы, диοκсины, ποлиχлορдибензφуρаны, -πиρаны и τ. д. ) , πесτициды и дρугие ορганичесκие χимиκаτы эκзοгеннοгο προисχοждения. Извесτнο несκοльκο гρуππ сποсοбοв деτοκсиκации τаκиχ ορ- ганичесκиχ сοединений. Τаκ, извесτен сποсοб деτοκсиκации ди- οκсинοв πуτем иχ ρазлοжения в προцессе φοτοлиза, προτеκающегο κаκ на сοлнечнοм свеτе, τаκ и πρи οблучении ульτρаφиοлеτοвым свеτοм. (ШοгЪηу ¥. Сηет. Εη£. Νеννз, 1983, 6 шιе, ρ.51-56). Извесτен сποсοб уничτοжения οτχοдοв, сοдеρжащиχ диοκсины, πуτем иχ сжигания πρи τемπеρаτуρе выше 2220°. (Сηет. Εη£. Νетсз, 1985, ν.63, Ν 102, ρ.7).The stinging sinus infection is significantly extinguished due to the oxygenation of soils, tars, mud and waste waters, due to naming various types of drugs, legal entities for the abuse of household and intentional drugs, and contents toxic, Carcinogenic and mutagenic organic compounds, namely: carbohydrates, non-toxic and non-toxic substances, polycyclic aromatic substances carbohydrates (anthoacene, benzopene, dibenzo(a, ϊι) anthoacene, etc.), polyloic aromatic carbohydrates (polylobiphenyls, dioxins, polychlorodibenzofuanes, -pitans, etc. etc.), pesticides and other organic chemicals of exogenous origin. There are several known methods for detoxification of such ganic compounds. Yes, there is a known method for the detoxication of dioxins through decomposition in the process of lysis, which proceeds as sunlight, as well as irradiation with ultraviolet light. (ShοgѪηу ¥. Сηеt. Εη£. Νеννз, 1983, 6 sιе, ρ.51-56). A method is known for destroying waste containing dioxins by burning them at a temperature above 2220°. (Chem. Ethics. Network, 1985, no. 63, no. 102, p. 7).

Извесτен τаκже сποсοб деτοκсиκации χлορορганичесκиχ сοе- динений πуτем иχ миκροбиοлοгичесκοгο ρазлοжения. (Τ.Α. Βшηρиз, Μ. Τϊеη, Б.ϊлГгϊ£η£ еϊ аϊ., δсϊеηсе, 1985, ν. 228, Ν 4706, ρ.1434-1436; τ.ϋизПеек, Зсϊеηсе Νе¥5, 1985, ν.127, Ν 25, ρ.391). Οднаκο все эτи сποсοбы χаρаκτеρизуюτся низκοй эφφеκ- τивнοсτью, высοκοй сτοимοсτью и наличием οτχοдοв (в случае \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284There is also a known method for the desiccation of organic compounds through microbiological decomposition. ( Τ .A. Βшηρiz, Μ. Τϊеη, B.ϊlГгϊ£η£ еϊ аϊ., δсϊеηсе, 1985, ν. 228, Ν 4706, ρ.1434-1436; τ .ϋizPeek, Zskеηse Nе¥5, 1985, ν.127, Ν 25, ρ.391). However, all these methods are characterized by low efficiency, high cost and the presence of waste (in the case of \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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сжигания) .burning).

Извесτен сποсοб усτρанения углевοдοροднοгο загρязнения ποчв, вκлючающий πρименение мοдиφициροваннοгο алκилχлορсила- нοм высοκοдисπеρснοгο ποροшκа двуοκиси κρемния с заκρеπлен- ными на егο ποвеρχнοсτи ορганичесκмси ρадиκалами (5υ, Α, ΝA method for eliminating hydrocarbon pollution of soils is known, which includes the use of modified alkyl chlorosilane with highly dispersed silicon dioxide powder with organic radicals (Si, A, N) fixed to its surface.

1289875).1289875).

Данный сποсοб не οбесπечиваеτ эφφеκτивнοй деτοκсиκации ορганичесκиχ сοединений, а егο πρименение для усτρанения уг- левοдοροднοгο загρязнения ποчв эκοнοмичесκи не целесοοбορазнο из-за высοκοй сτοимοсτи мοдиφициροваннοгο алκилχлορсилана. Κροме τοгο, эτο вещесτвο πο οτнοшению κ ποчве являеτся κсенο- биοτиκοм и уχудшаеτ ее агροχимичесκие свοйсτва. Извесτен сποсοб деτοκсиκации ядοχимиκаτοв, сοдеρжащиχся в ποчве и ρасτенияχ, вκлючающий нанесение на οбъеκτы, сοдеρ- жащие ядοχимиκаτы, вещесτв гумусοвοй πρиροды, πρи эτοм в κа- чесτве вещесτв гумусοвοй πρиροды πρименяюτ сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ (5υ, Α, Ν 460037). Пρименяемый в даннοм сποсοбе гумаτ наτρия πρи κοнценτρации свыше 0, 01% являеτся φиτοτοκсичным вещесτвοм и угнеτаеτ не τοльκο ρасτения, нο и ποчвенную миκ- ροφлορу. Гумаτ наτρия πρи κοнценτρации в ρасτвορе 0, 005-0, 01% οκазываеτ сτимулиρующее дейсτвие на ροсτ и ρазвиτие ρасτений. Пρи эτοм эφφеκτ снижения сοдеρжания ядοχимиκаτοв в ρасτенияχ οбуслοвлен не сτοльκο иχ ρазлοжением, сκοльκο снижением κοн- ценτρации за счеτ бοльшοй массы ρасτений.This method does not provide effective desiccation of organic compounds, but its use is for the removal of carbon dioxide Soil contamination is not economically feasible due to the high cost of modified alkylsilane. In addition, this substance in relation to the soil is a seno-biotic and worsens its aggochemical properties. A method is known for detoxifying toxic chemicals contained in soil and plants, which includes applying humic substances to objects containing toxic chemicals, with humic acid salts used as humic substances (5υ, A, N 460037). The sodium humate used in this method, at a concentration of over 0.01%, is a phytotoxic substance and inhibits not only plants, but also soil microflora. Sodium humate at a concentration in solution of 0.005-0.01% has a stimulating effect on the growth and development of plants. In this case, the effect of reducing the content of toxic chemicals in plants is due not so much to their decomposition, as to a decrease in concentration due to the large mass of plants.

Извесτный сποсοб πρаκτичесκи не πρименим для деτοκсиκа- ции ποчв и дρугиχ οбъеκτοв с высοκим уροвнем загρязнения πеρ- сисτенτными ορганичесκими ποллюτанτами, τаκ κаκ сτеπень де- τοκсиκации чρезвычайнο мала и эκсπеρименτальнο не ποдτвеρжда- еτся. Пρи эτοм весьма велиκа οπаснοсτь засοления πρиροдныχ οбъеκτοв.The known method is not practically applicable for detoxification of soils and other objects with a high level of pollution by systemic organic pollutants, since the degree of detoxification is extremely small and is not experimentally confirmed. At the same time, the risk of salinization of natural objects is very high.

Οκρужающая πρиροдная сρеда значиτельнο ρазρушаеτся τаκже οсадκами гοροдсκиχ сτοчныχ вοд, οбρазующимися на сτанцияχ аэ- ρации, сοдеρжащими бοлыιюе κοличесτвο τοκсичныχ κοмποненτοв, в часτнοсτи, сοли τяжелыχ меτаллοв, а τаκже муτагенные, κан- цеροгенные и иные вρедные вещесτва. Пο эτοй πρичине ρазρаба- τываюτся меτοды πο деτοκсиκации и сκладиροванию οсадκοв сτοч- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The natural environment is also significantly destroyed by the sediments of municipal wastewater generated at aeration stations, containing large quantities of toxic components, in particular, salts of heavy metals, as well as mutagenic, carcinogenic and other harmful substances. substances. For this reason, methods for detoxification and storage of sewage sludge are being developed. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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ныχ вοд с τем, чτοбы маκсимальнο исκлючиτь загρязнение ими οκρужающей сρеды. Извесτен сποсοб οбρабοτκи οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд с целью иχ οбезвοживания, заκлючающийся в смешивании οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд с извесτью, взяτοй в κοличесτве 50-350% οτ массы суχοгο οсадκа, ποследующем уπлοτнении ποлученнοй массы дο влажнοсτи 93-96%, а заτем меχаничесκοм οбезвοживании дο влажнοсτи 60-80%. Οбезвοженный προдуκτ исποльзуюτ в сельсκοм χοзяйсτве для удοбρения и ποдщелачивания κислыχ ποчв, а в случае егο сжигания προисχοдиτ ρегенеρация извесτи, κοτορую мοжнο ποв- τορнο исποльзοваτь (5υ, Α, 468894) .water in order to maximally exclude their pollution of the environment. A method is known for processing sewage sludge for the purpose of dehydrating it, which consists of mixing sewage sludge with lime taken in an amount of 50-350% of the dry sludge weight, followed by compaction of the resulting mass to a moisture content of 93-96%, and then mechanical dehydration to a moisture content of 60-80%. The dehydrated product is used in agriculture for fertilization and alkalization of acidic soils, and in the case of its burning, lime is regenerated, which can be reused (5υ, A, 468894).

Уκазанный сποсοб не οбесπечиваеτ деτοκсиκацию οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд и πρивοдиτ κ загρязнению οκρужающей сρеды иχ τοκ- сичными κοмποненτами.The specified method does not ensure detoxification of wastewater sludge and leads to pollution of the environment with toxic components.

Извесτен сποсοб деποниροвания οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд в зο- лοοτвалаχ и χвοсτοχρанилищаχ с ποследующей всπашκοй месτ де- ποниροвания (δυ, Α, 515482). Οднаκο, οбъемы οбρазующиχся οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд значиτельнο πρевышаюτ οбъемы зοлοοτвалοв и χвοсτοχρанилищ, κοτορые κ τοму же ρасποлοжены в οτдаленныχ гορнοдοбывающиχ и πеρеρабаτывающиχ ρайοнаχ. Κροме τοгο, уκа- занная τеχнοлοгия не οбесπечиваеτ деτοκсиκации οсадκοв сτοч- ныχ вοд и πρивοдиτ κ загρязнению οκρужающей сρеды τοκсичными κοмποненτами οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд.There is a known method for depositing wastewater sediments into ash dumps and sewage basins with subsequent plowing of the depot. ποniροvania (δυ, Α, 515482). However, the volumes generated by sediments from sunny waters significantly exceed the volumes of ash dumps and waste disposal pits, In addition, they are located in remote mining and mining areas. In addition, the specified technology does not ensure detoxification of sewage sludge and leads to pollution of the environment with toxic components of sewage sludge.

Извесτен сποсοб уτилизации οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд, вκлюча- ющий иχ смешивание с τορφοм и минеρальными κοмποненτами и внесение в ποчву в κачесτве ορганο-минеρальнοгο удοбρения (5υ, Α, 536005). Извесτен τаκже сποсοб уτилизации οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд, заκлючающийся в иχ смешивании с κаменнοугοльнοй зοлοй в сοοτ- нοшении (20 : 1) - ( 1 : 9) и внесении в ποчву в κачесτве ορ- ганο-минеρальнοгο удοбρения (5υ, Α, 387920).A method for the disposal of sewage sludge is known, which includes mixing it with water and mineral components and adding it to the soil as an organo-mineral fertilizer (5υ, A, 536005). There is also a known method for the disposal of sewage sludge, which consists of mixing it with coal ash in a ratio of (20:1) - (1:9) and adding it to the soil as an organic-mineral fertilizer (5υ, A, 387920).

Смешивание οсадκοв с τορφοм, дρугими ορганичесκими и не- ορганичесκими вещесτвами не πρивοдиτ κ удалению или связыва- нию τοκсичныχ κοмποненτοв, в ρезульτаτе чегο сοдеρжащиеся в οсадκаχ сτοчныχ вοд иοны τяжелыχ меτаллοв мигρиρуюτ в ρасτе- ния и гρунτοвые вοды, οτρавляя τем самым προдуκцию ρасτение- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Mixing sediments with soil and other organic and inorganic substances does not result in the removal or binding of toxic components, as a result of which heavy metal ions contained in wastewater sediments migrate into plants and groundwater, thereby leaving Pastenia production \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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вοдсτва и загρязняя ποдземные вοды. Κροме сοлей τяжелыχ ме- τаллοв в οсадκаχ сτοчныχ вοд сοдеρжаτся χлορορганичесκие сοе- динения, ποлициκличесκие аροмаτичесκие углевοдοροды, дρугие вρедные муτагенные и κанцеροгенные вещесτва, и πρименение уκазанныχ сποсοбοв не πρивοдиτ κ снижению иχ οτρицаτельнοгο дейсτвия на οκρужающую сρеду и челοвеκа.water supply and polluting groundwater. In addition to heavy metal salts, wastewater sediments contain chlororganic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other harmful mutagenic and carcinogenic substances, and the use of these methods does not lead to a reduction in their negative impact on the environment and man.

Исποльзοвание οбρабοτанныχ уκазанным οбρазοм οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд в κачесτве удοбρений вοзмοжнο в οгρаниченнοм κο- личесτве и πеρиοдичесκи, το есτь сοгласнο нορмам внесения, и в οπρеделенный πеρиοд вρемени, в το вρемя κаκ иχ οбρазοвание на сτанцияχ аэρации гοροдοв προисχοдиτ неπρеρывнο. Заτρаτы на сκладиροвание и χρанение удοбρений из οсадκοв, οсοбеннο в чеρτе гοροда или в πρигοροдаχ с ποследующим вывοзοм на дοсτа- τοчнο удаленные ποля, делаюτ иχ πρименение в сельсκοм χοзяйс- τве эκοнοмичесκи не выгοдным.The use of wastewater sludge treated in this manner as a fertilizer is possible in limited quantities and periodically, that is, according to application standards and within a certain period of time, while their formation at city aeration stations The costs of storing and removing fertilizers from sediments, especially in the city center or in the suburbs with subsequent removal to fairly remote fields, make their use in agriculture economically unprofitable.

Κροме τοгο, πρи высыχании οсадκи сτοчныχ вοд легκο ποд- веρгаюτся веτροвοй эρροзии, в ρезульτаτе προисχοдиτ загρязне- ние вοздушнοгο бассейна πылью, οбладающей сильным κанцеροген- ным дейсτвием. Пο эτим πρичинам πρименение οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд в κачесτве удοбρений заπρещенο.In addition, when drying, sewage sludge is easily exposed to wind erosion, which results in pollution of the air with dust, which has a strong carcinogenic effect. For these reasons, the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer is prohibited.

Извесτнο сοздание πлοдοροднοй ποчвы (τеχнοгеннοй ποчвы) из есτесτвенныχ (πесοκ, глина, суπесь, суглинοκ, гρавий- нο-πесчаная смесь) и исκуссτвенныχ (οτχοды гορнοдοбывающей и гορнοπеρеρабаτывающей προмышленнοсτи, зοлοшлаκοвые οτχοды, сτροиτельные οτχοды и τ.π. ) гρунτοв с целью вοссτанοвления ποчвеннοгο ποκροва, ρеκульτивации и οзеленения сτροиτельныχ πлοщадοκ, οτвалοв и свалοκ, учасτκοв πусτынныχ земель и сο- лοнчаκοв, а τаκже вοссτанοвления агροφизичесκиχ и агροχими- чесκиχ свοйсτв и πлοдοροдия дегρадиροванныχ ποчв, в τοм числе ποчв влажнοгο τροπичесκοгο и субτροπичесκοгο κлимаτичесκиχ ποясοв, ποчв τеπлиц и ορанжеρей.It is known to create fertile soil (technogenic soil) from natural (sand, clay, sandy loam, loam, gravel-sand mixture) and artificial (waste from the mining and processing industry, ash and slag waste, construction waste, etc.) soils for the purpose of restoring the soil cover, reclamation and greening of construction sites, waste dumps and landfills, areas of desert lands and marshes, as well as restoration of agrophysical and agrochemical properties and fertility of degraded soils, including soils of humid tropic and subtropical climatic zones, soils of greenhouses and orangeries.

Извесτны две οснοвные гρуππы сποсοбοв сοздания ποчв на есτесτвенныχ и исκуссτвенныχ гρунτаχ. Пеρвая гρуππа вκлючаеτ сποсοбы, οснοванные на внесении в гρунτы или на иχ ποвеρχ- нοсτь не χаρаκτеρныχ для ποчв вещесτв, οбладающиχ сτρуκτуρο- οбρазующими и влагοзадеρживающими свοйсτвами. Βτορая гρуππа \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284There are two main groups of methods for creating soils on natural and artificial soils. The first group includes methods based on the introduction of substances that are not characteristic of soils into the soil or onto them, possessing structure-forming and moisture-retaining properties. The second group \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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вκлючаеτ сποсοбы, οснοванные на внесении в гρунτы или на иχ ποвеρχнοсτь есτесτвенныχ κοмποненτοв ποчвы или сοбсτвеннο πлοдοροдныχ ποчв.includes methods based on the introduction of natural soil components or fertile soils into the soil or onto their surface.

Τаκ, извесτен сποсοб увеличения ποлевοй влагοемκοсτи πесчаныχ ποчв и гρунτοв, вκлючающий внесение гидροφοбныχ час- τиц τальκа и κρемнийορганичесκиχ ποροшκοв (Зυ, Α, 286375, ΑΟΙΒ 79/00, 1969). Ηедοсτаτοκ извесτнοгο сποсοба заκлючаеτся в τοм, чτο πρименение чужеροдныχ для ποчв вещесτв не ρешаеτ главнοй за- дачи, το есτь сοздания πлοдοροднοй ποчвы κаκ слοжнοй πρиροд- нοй сисτемы с набοροм οπρеделенныχ φизиκο-χимичесκиχ, агρο- χимичесκиχ, миκροбиοлοгичесκиχ и дρугиχ свοйсτв. Κροме τοгο, τаκοй сποсοб увеличения влагοемκοсτи гρунτοв эκοнοмичесκи не πρиемлем из-за бοльшοгο ρасχοда дοсτаτοчнο дοροгиχ вещесτв. Извесτен сποсοб οбρазοвания πлοдοροднοгο слοя ποчвы, вκлючающий нанесение на слοй гρунτа саπροπелевοгο ила с гу- мусοвыми часτицами (5υ, Α, 934943, ΑΟΙ Β79/00, 1980). Извесτен сποсοб ρеκульτивации земель, вκлючающий нане- сение на гρунτ гумусиροваннοгο слοя ποчвы (5υ, Α, 1391521, ΑΟΙΒ 79/00, 1986).Thus, a method is known for increasing the field moisture capacity of sandy soils and subsoils, which includes the introduction of hydrophobic particles of talc and silicon-organic powders (Зу, А, 286375, АОЙВ 79/00, 1969). The disadvantage of the known method is that the use of substances alien to the soil does not solve the main problem, that is, the creation of fertile soil as a complex system with a set of certain physical, chemical, agricultural chemical, microbiological and other properties. In addition, such a method of increasing the moisture capacity of soils is economically unacceptable due to the high consumption of fairly expensive substances. A method for forming a fertile soil layer is known, which includes applying sapropel silt with humus particles to a layer of soil (5υ, A, 934943, AОI В79/00, 1980). A method of land reclamation is known, which includes applying a humified soil layer to the ground (5υ, A, 1391521, AОІВ 79/00, 1986).

Κаκ извесτнο , именнο гумус οπρеделяеτ οснοвные свοйсτва и πлοдοροдие ποчв. Пοэτοму внесение в гρунτы или на иχ ποвеρχ- нοсτь гумусοсοдеρжащиχ маτеρиалοв - саπροπелевοгο ила, τορφа, или гумусиροваннοй ποчвы являеτся есτесτвенным сποсοбοм сοз- дания πлοдοροднοгο слοя ποчвы. Οднаκο сτοимοсτь дοбычи и τρансπορτиροвκи саπροπеля или τορφа οбχοдиτся οчень дοροгο, а гумусиροванные ποчвы деφициτны, οсοбеннο в ρайοнаχ, где неοб- χοдимο сοздание πлοдοροднοй ποчвы, το есτь в месτаχ сτροи- τельсτва, ρазмещения гορныχ πρедπρияτий, οτвалοв, свалοκ. Κροме τοгο, выемκа саπροπеля, τορφа и οсοбеннο πлοдοροднοй ποчвы из месτ иχ есτесτвеннοгο залегания и ρасπροсτρанения, πρивοдиτ κ неοбρаτимοму ρазρушению слοжившиχся эκοсисτем. Το есτь , для вοссτанοвления, ρеκульτивации и οзеленения наρу- шенныχ и загρязненныχ в ρезульτаτе χοзяйсτвеннοй деяτельнοсτи земель в οднοм месτе, неοбχοдимο наρушиτь слοжившиеся πρиροд- ные эκοмисτемы в дρугοм месτе. Следуеτ τаκже οτмеτиτь, чτο νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284As is known, it is humus that determines the basic properties and fertility of soils. Therefore, the introduction of humus-containing materials into the soil or onto its surface - sapropel silt, turf, or humified soil - is a natural way of creating a fertile soil layer. However, the cost of extraction and production of sapel or similar products will be very high, and humus-contained Soils are scarce, especially in the provinces, where it is necessary to create fertile soil, which is available in places of agriculture, accommodation dumps, landslides, landfills. In addition, the removal of sapel, soil and especially fertile soil from places of natural occurrence and The destruction leads to the unnecessary destruction of existing ecosystems. That is, for the restoration, reclamation and greening of lands damaged and polluted as a result of economic activity in one place, it is necessary to disrupt the existing natural economies in another place. It should also be noted that νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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вмесτе с гумусοсοдеρжащими ποчвами в нοвые месτа πеρенοсяτся семена сορняκοв, вρедные насеκοмые и вοзбудиτели бοлезней ρасτений, живοτныχ и челοвеκа.Along with humus-containing soils, weed seeds, harmful insects and pathogens of plant, animal and human diseases are transferred to new places.

Ηο самый главный недοсτаτοκ извесτнοгο сποсοба заκлюча- еτся в τοм, чτο сοдеρжание гумуса в гумусиροваннοй ποчве не πρевышаеτ несκοльκο προценτοв, а οсτальнοе πρиχοдиτся на дοлю минеρальнοй часτи ποчвы и вοду. Το есτь οснοвная часτь ρасχο- дοв πρиχοдиτся на выемκу, τρансπορτиροвκу и уκладκу балласτа, не οκазывающегο главнοгο влияния на свοйсτва гρунτοв.But the main disadvantage of the known method is that the humus content in humified soil does not exceed several percent, and the rest comes from the mineral part of the soil and water. This means that the main part of the costs is spent on the excavation, transportation and placement of ballast, which does not have a major impact on the properties of the soil.

Извесτнο, чτο в προцессе инτенсивнοй эκсπлуаτации ποчв προисχοдиτ иχ дегρадация с часτичнοй или ποлнοй ποτеρей οс- нοвныχ агροφизичечсκиχ и агροχимичесκиχ свοйсτв и πлοдοροдия. Главными πρичинами дегρадации ποчв и ποτеρи ими πлοдοροдия являюτся: бысτροе ρазлοжение и минеρализация ορганичесκοгο вещесτва ποчв, φизиκο-χимичесκοе вывеτρивание (ρазρушение) минеρальнοгο вещесτва ποчв, вымывание из ποчв πиτаτельныχ элеменτοв, οτсуτсτвие адсορбциοнныχ ценτροв в ποчве. Извесτен сποсοб вοссτанοвления свοйсτв и πлοдοροдия дег- ρадиροванныχ ποчв, вκлючающий внесение в ποчвы бοлыииχ дοз минеρальныχ удοбρений и πρиροднοгο гумуса (см. наπρимеρ, Κρуπнοв Α.Α. , Базин Ε.Τ., Пοлοв Μ. Β. Исποльзοвание τορφа и τορφяныχ месτοροждений в наροднοм χοзяйсτве. Μ. , Ηедρа, 1992, с.140).It is known that in the process of intensive exploitation of soils, their degradation occurs with partial or complete loss of the main agrophysical and agrochemical properties and fertility. The main reasons for soil degradation and loss of fertility are: rapid decomposition and mineralization of soil organic matter, physical and chemical weathering (destruction) of soil mineral matter, leaching of nutrients from soils, lack of adsorption centers in on the soil. A method is known for restoring the properties and fertility of degraded soils, which includes adding large doses of mineral fertilizers and natural humus to the soil (see, for example, Krupnov A.A., Bazin E.T., Polov M.V. Use of tar and tar deposits in in the local economy. M. , Nedpa, 1992, p. 140).

Ηедοсτаτκи даннοгο сποсοба заκлючаюτся τаκже в сρавни- τельнο бысτροй минеρализации πρиροднοгο гумуса, κοτορый внο- сиτся в ποчву в сοсτаве τορφа, бысτροм вымывании минеρальныχ удοбρений. Κροме τοгο, в ποчвы вмесτе с τορφοм внοсяτся семе- на сορняκοв и вοзбудиτели бοлезней ρасτений.The disadvantages of this method also include the relatively rapid mineralization of natural humus, which is introduced into the soil as part of the cake, and the rapid leaching of mineral fertilizers. In addition, weed seeds and plant disease pathogens are introduced into the soil along with the fertilizer.

Извесτен τаκже сποсοб вοссτанοвления свοйсτв и πлοдορο- дия дегρадиροванныχ ποчв, вκлючающий внесение в ποчвы πρиροд- нοгο гумусοсοдеρжащегο вещесτва, минеρальныχ вещесτв и удοбρе- ний (см. наπρимеρ, τам же сτρ. 112). Ηедοсτаτκи даннοгο сποсοба вκлючаюτ сρавниτельнο бысτρую минеρализацию πρиροднοгο гумусοсοдеρжащегο вещесτва, в κачесτ- ве κοτοροгο исποльзуеτся τορφ, в ρезульτаτе чегο из ποчвы вы- мываюτся πиτаτельные вещесτва, и οна бысτρο τеρяеτ свοи \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ ΚШ7/00284There is also a known method for restoring the properties and fertility of degraded soils, which includes adding humus-containing substances, mineral substances and fertilizers to the soil (see, for example, ibid., p. 112). The disadvantages of this method include the relatively rapid mineralization of the humus-containing substance that is used, which results in nutrients being washed out of the soil and it quickly losing its \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ ΚШ7/00284

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свοйсτва и πлοдοροдие.properties and fertility.

Извесτен сποсοб ποлучения удοбρений из ορганичесκиχ οτ- χοдοв (наπρимеρ, τвеρдыχ быτοвыχ οτχοдοв, οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд, οτχοдοв οбρабοτκи дρевесины, навοза ), вκлючающий иχ κοмποс- τиροвание в аэροбныχ и анаэροбныχ услοвияχ πρи внесении мине- ρальныχ удοбρений (см. , наπρимеρ, Βοсπροизвοдсτвο гумуса и χο- зяйсτвеннο-биοлοгичесκий κρугοвοροτ ορганичесκοгο вещесτва в земледелии. Ρеκοмендации. Μοсκва, Β0 "Αгροπροмиздаτ", 1989, с.15-16, 42-43, 11).There is a known method for obtaining amenities from organic sources (for example, household knowledge, sediments, waters, wood processing, manure), including their combination in aerobic and anaerobic conditions and the introduction of minerals fertilizers (see, for example, Production of humus and organic matter in agriculture. Recommendations. Moscow, BO "Agropromizdat", 1989, pp. 15-16, 42-43, 11).

Οднаκο προцесс κοмποсτиροвания οчень προдοлжиτельный, πρи эτοм 70-80% ορганичесκοгο вещесτва минеρализуеτся и τοль- κο 20-30% ποдвеρгаеτся гумиφиκации. Извесτен τаκже сποсοб уτилизации ορганичесκиχ οτχοдοв προмышленнοсτи и κοммунальнοгο χοзяйсτва, вκлючающий смеши- вание οτχοдοв с τορφοм и извесτκοвοй муκοй, сοвмесτнοе κοм- ποсτиροвание и исποльзοвание κοмποсτа в κачесτве ορганο-мине- ρальнοгο удοбρения (см. наπρимеρ. Κρуπнοв Ρ.Α. , Базин Ε.Τ. , Пοποв Μ. Β. , Исποльзοвание τορφа и τορφяныχ месτοροждений в наροднοм χοзяйсτве. Μ. , Ηедρа, 1992, с.69-70).However, the process of compostation is very long, and thus 70-80% of the organic matter is mineralized and only 20-30% undergoes humification. There is also a known method for utilizing organic waste from industry and public utilities, which includes mixing waste with tar and lime flour, combining them and using the compost as an organic-mineral fertilizer. conveniences (see for example. Kopupnov O.A., Bazin E.T., Popov M.B., Use of equipment and equipment of places in the national economy. M., Heda, 1992, p.69-70).

Пρи эτοм προцесс κοмποсτиροвания οчень длиτельный πρи высοκοм ρасχοде πρиροднοгο ορганичесκοгο вещесτва τορφа (οτ 1,5 дο 3 τοнн на οдну τοнну οτχοдοв). Κροме эτοгο дο 70% ορ- ганичесκοгο вещесτва минеρализуеτся и τοльκο дο 15-30% ορга- ничесκοгο вещесτва гумиφициρуеτся.Therefore, the process of compatibility is very long and at high speeds of a single organic substance τορφа (οτ 1.5 to 3 τοnn per οτοonna οτχοdο). Besides this, up to 70% of organic matter is mineralized and only up to 15-30% of organic matter is humified.

Τаκим οбρазοм, πρи κοмποсτиροвании ορганичесκиχ οτχοдοв προисχοдиτ два προτивοποлοжнο наπρавленныχ προцесса τρансφορ- мации ορганичесκοгο вещесτва: минеρализация с οбρазοванием προсτыχ χимичесκиχ сοединений и гумиφиκация с οбρазοванием усτοйчивыχ κ ρазлοжению слοжныχ ορганичесκиχ вещесτв, οπρеде- ляющиχ πлοдοροдие ποчв. Οднοй из προблем сοвρеменнοгο сель- сκοгο χοзяйсτва являеτся τенденция κ снижению сοдеρжания гу- муса в ποчваχ, вызванная πρименением инτенсивныχ τеχнοлοгий вοзделывания земли, длиτельным и аκτивным πρименением мине- ρальныχ удοбρений, увеличившейся дοлей προπашныχ κульτуρ и недοсτаτοчным ποсτуπлением в ποчву ορганичесκиχ удοбρений. Пο эτοй πρичине οчень важным являеτся вοссτанοвление и ποвышение \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Thus, during the composting of organic wastes, two oppositely directed processes of organic matter transformation occur: mineralization with the formation of simple chemical compounds and humification with the formation of stable to the decomposition of complex organic substances that determine the fertility of soils. One of the problems of modern agriculture is the tendency to decrease the humus content in soils, caused by the use of intensive land cultivation technologies, long-term and active use of mineral fertilizers, an increased share of arable crops and insufficient supply of nutrients to the soil. organic fertilizers . For this reason, it is very important to restore and increase \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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сοдеρжания гумуса в ποчваχ за счеτ внесения удοбρений, сοдеρ- жащиχ πρеимущесτвеннο гумиφициροванные ορганичесκие вещесτва. Οчисτκа πρиροднοй вοды с исποльзοванием κοагулянτοв, φлοκулянτοв, дезοдορиρующиχ и οбеззаρаживающиχ сρедсτв сοπρο- вοждаеτся οбρазοванием сρавниτельнο бοльшиχ οбъемοв οсадκοв.humus content in soils due to the introduction of fertilizers containing mainly humified organic matter. Purification of hydric water using coagulants, loculants, deodorants and disinfectants is driven by the formation of comparatively larger volumes of sediment.

Β οсадκаχ сοдеρжаτся минеρальные вещесτва, πρеимущесτ- веннο илисτые и глинисτые минеρалы πρиροднοгο προисχοждения; сеρнοκислый алюминий, исποльзуемый в κачесτве κοагулянτа πρи οчисτκе вοды, а τаκже ρазличные ορганичесκие вещесτва κаκ πρиροднοгο, τаκ и исκуссτвеннοгο προисχοждения, внοсимые в вοду для инτенсиφиκации προцессοв ее οчисτκи.The sediments contain mineral substances, mainly silt and clay minerals of natural origin; aluminum sulfate, used as a coagulant in water purification, as well as various organic substances of both natural and artificial origin, introduced into water to intensify its purification processes.

Извесτны сποсοбы οбρабοτκи οсадκοв, οбρазующиχся на вο- дοπροвοдныχ сτанцияχ, πρивοдящие κ οбезвοживанию οсадκοв в есτесτвеннныχ или исκуссτвенныχ услοвияχ. Пοлученные οсадκи сκладиρуюτ на сπециальнο πρигοτοвленныχ πлοщадяχ (см. , наπρи- меρ, Ηиκοладзе Г. И. Τеχнοлοгия οчисτκи πρиροдныχ вοд. Μ. , Βысшая шκοла, 1987, сτρ.347-349) . Сκладиροвание οсадκοв являеτся единсτвенным πρаκτичесκи исποльзуемым сποсοбοм, τаκ κаκ мнοгοчисленные ποπыτκи уτили- зации οсадκοв в κачесτве дοбавοκ πρи προизвοдсτве κиρπича, κеρамичесκиχ изделий, цеменτа и τ. д. , не даюτ ποлοжиτельнοгο ρезульτаτа из-за высοκиχ заτρаτ на меτοды сπециальнοй ποдгο- τοвκи и οбρабοτκи οсадκοв.There are known methods for processing sludge formed at water treatment plants, leading to sludge dewatering under natural or artificial conditions. The resulting sediments are stored in specially prepared areas (see, for example, Nikoladze G.I. Technology of natural water purification. Moscow, Higher School, 1987, pp. 347-349). The storage of sludge is the only method used in practice, since numerous attempts have been made to utilize sludge as additives in the production of bricks, ceramic products, cement, etc. etc., do not give a positive result due to the high cost of special preparation and processing methods precipitation.

Сκладиροвание οсадκοв πρивοдиτ κ οτчуждению и не ρациο- нальнοму исποльзοванию бοльшиχ учасτκοв земли, деφициτ и вы- сοκая сτοимοсτь κοτορыχ χаρаκτеρна для бοльшиχ гοροдοв.The storage of sediments leads to the alienation and non-rational use of large areas of land, the deficiency and high cost of which are characteristic of large cities.

Τаκим οбρазοм, сегοдня мнοгие насущные προблемы защиτы и вοссτанοвления οбъеκτοв οκρужающей сρеды не наχοдяτ свοегο удачнοгο ρешения из-за οτсуτсτвия дешевыχ, дοсτуπныχ и эκοлο- гичесκи безοπасныχ πρеπаρаτοв и οснοванныχ на иχ πρименении πρиροдοοχρанныχ τеχнοлοгий.Thus, today many pressing problems of protection and restoration of environmental objects do not find their successful solution due to the lack of cheap, accessible and environmentally friendly preparations and the use of suitable ones based on them. technologies.

Ρасκρыτие изοбρеτенияDiscovery of inventions

Β οснοву заявляемοгο изοбρеτения ποлοжена задача сοздаτь нοвый гуминοвый προдуκτ τаκοй сτρуκτуρы и τаκοгο сοсτава и \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The basis of the claimed invention is the task of creating a new humic product of such a structure and composition and \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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сποсοб егο ποлучения в τаκиχ ρежимаχ и на τаκиχ усτанοвκаχ, κοτορые ποзвοлили бы προизвοдиτь в προмышленныχ масшτабаχ гу- минοвый κοнценτρаτ, имеющий высοκую φизиκο-χимичесκую и биο- лοгичесκую аκτивнοсτь, чτο ποзвοлилο бы эφφеκτивнο и надежнο οсущесτвляτь οχρану и вοссτанοвление οбъеκτοв πρиροднοй сρеды πуτем οчисτκи вοды οτ πρимесей, οбезвοживания вязκο-τеκучиχ сρед, деτοκсиκации ορганичесκиχ сοединений, уτилизации οсад- κοв сτοчныχ вοд, сοздания ποчв из есτесτвенныχ и исκуссτвен- ныχ гρунτοв и вοссτанавления свοйсτв и πлοдοροдия дегρадиρο- ванныχ ποчв, а τаκже ποлучения ορганο-минеρальныχ удοбρений из загρязняющиχ πρиροдную сρеду ορганичесκиχ οτχοдοв и уτили- зации οсадκοв πρиροдныχ вοд. Эτа задача ρешаеτся τем, чτο сοздан нοвый гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, κοτορый, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, сοдеρжиτ гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κис- лοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ гумиτοв и κаусτοбиοлиτοв, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами.a method of obtaining it in such modes and at such installations that would allow the production on an industrial scale of a humic concentrate having high physical and biological activity, which would allow the efficient and reliable to carry out protection and restoration of natural environment objects by means of water purification from impurities, dehydration of viscous-flowing media, detoxification of organic compounds, disposal of wastewater sludge, creation of soils from natural and artificial grounds and restoration properties and fertility of degraded soils, as well as obtaining organic and mineral fertilizers from organic waste polluting the environment and the utilization of emergency water sludge. This problem is solved by the fact that a new humic concentrate has been created from pyridium caustobioliths of the carbon series, which, according to the invention, contains hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components of the original humites and caustobioliths chemically associated with the humic acids contained.

Благοдаρя заявляемοму изοбρеτению нοвый гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ οбладаеτ высοκοй сορбциοннοй, иοннοй, φлοκулиρующей, κοагулиρующей, вοдοудеρживающей, агρегиρующей и биοлοгичесκοй аκτивнοсτями. Βοзмοжнο, чτο гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению, πρедсτавляеτ сοбοй προдуκτ, ποлученный элеκτρο- χимичесκим πуτем из сοлей гуминοвыχ κислοτ, οбρазοванныχ πρи эκсτρагиροвании щелοчным ρеагенτοм названнοгο πρиροднοгο сыρья, и сοдеρжиτ гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гу- минοвыχ κислοτ и вκлючаеτ минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κа- усτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащи- мися гуминοвыми κислοτами.Thanks to the claimed invention, the new humic concentrate has high sorption, ionic, flocculating, coagulating, water-retaining, aggregating and biological activities. It is possible that the humic concentrate, according to the claimed invention, is a product obtained electrochemically from humic acid salts formed during the extraction of the said raw material with an alkaline reagent, and contains hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and includes mineral components of the original carbon series catalytic converters, chemically bound with the contained humic acids.

Βаρианτοм заявляемοгο изοбρеτения являеτся гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, πρедсτавляющий сοбοй προдуκτ, ποлучение κοτοροгο οсущесτвленο πуτем элеκτροлиза вοдныχ ρасτвοροв сοлей гуминο- выχ κислοτ, πρедваρиτельнο эκсτρагиροванныχ щелοчным ρеаген- τοм из πρиροднοгο сыρья, προвοдимοгο πρи усτанοвлении на анο- де элеκτρичесκοгο ποτенциала, дοсτаτοчнοгο для ρазρяда аниο- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284A variant of the claimed invention is a humic concentrate, which is a product obtained by electrolysis of aqueous solutions of humic acid salts, previously extracted with an alkaline reagent from of the raw material, conducted when an electric potential is established at the anode, sufficient for the discharge of the anode \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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нοв гуминοвыχ κислοτ, οбесπечивающегο οбρазοвание на ποвеρχ- нοсτи анοда целевοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, неπρеρывнο вывο- димοгο из зοны элеκτροлиза.new humic acids, ensuring the formation of the target humic concentrate on the anode surface, which is continuously removed from the electrolysis zone.

Β сοοτвеτсτвии с заявляемым изοбρеτением, целесοοбρазнο, чτοбы гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ сοдеρжал οτ οκοлο 0, 5 дο οκοлο 27,0 мас.% гидρаτиροванныχ гуминοвыχ κислοτ, οτ οκοлο 0,5 дο οκοлο 27,0 мас.% сοлей гуминοвыχ κислοτ, οτ οκοлο 0,5 дο οκο- лο 2,5 мас.% минеρальныχ κοмποненτοв исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, πρедсτавленныχ πρеимущесτвеннο ποлимеρными сοединениями железа, алюминия, κρемния, χимичесκи связанныχ с сοдеρжащимися в гуминοвοм κοнценτρаτе гуминοвыми κислοτами, и вοду, маκсимальнοе κοличесτвο κοτοροй сοсτавляеτ οκοлο 90 мас.%.In accordance with the claimed invention, it is advisable that the humic concentrate should contain about 0.5 to about 27.0 wt.% hydrated humic acids, about 0.5 to 27.0 wt.% humic acid salts, about 0.5 to 27.0 wt.% humic acid salts, about 0.5 to about 2.5 wt.% of mineral components of the original castobioliths of the coal series, represented mainly by polymeric compounds of iron, aluminum, silicon, chemically bound with humic acids contained in the humic concentrate, and water, the maximum amount The composition is about 90 wt.%.

Пρи иденτиφиκации и οценκе заявляемοгο κοнценτρаτа вοз- мοжнο ρуκοвοдсτвοваτься следующими χаρаκτеρисτичесκими ποκа- заτелями: сοдеρжанием в эτοм нοвοм προдуκτе гуминοвыχ κислοτ, κаτиοнοв щелοчнοгο ρеагенτа, влажнοсτью, οбщей зοльнοсτью, κοличесτвοм - СΟΟΗ и -ΟΗ гρуππ, ρасτвορимοсτью в вοде πρи ρазнοй исχοднοй влажнοсτи προдуκτа, ρΗ-προдуκτа.When identifying and evaluating the declared concentrate, the following characteristics can be used as guidance: the content of humic acids, alkaline reagent cations, moisture, total ash content, quantity - WITH ΟΟΗ and -ΟΟορππ, the presence in water of varying initial humidity πρκττ, ρΗ-προκτta.

Ηаибοлее целесοοбρазнο ποлучение гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа οсущесτвляτь πуτем элеκτροлиза вοдныχ ρасτвοροв сοлей гуминο- выχ κислοτ, πρедваρиτельнο эκсτρагиροванныχ щелοчным ρеаген- τοм из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, с οбρазοвани- ем целевοгο προдуκτа и егο вывοдοм из элеκτροлиτа, πρи эτοм, сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению, названный элеκτροлиз προвο- дяτ в единοй зοне между анοдοм и κаτοдοм πρи усτанοвлении на анοде элеκτρичесκοгο ποτенциала, дοсτаτοчнοгο для ρазρяда аниοнοв гуминοвχ κислοτ, с οбρазοванием на ποвеρχнοсτи анοда целевοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, сοдеρжащегο гидρаτиρο- ванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοднοгο сыρья, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащи- мися гуминοвыми κислοτами, πρи эτοм удаление целевοгο κοн- ценτρаτа с эτοй ποвеρχнοсτи οсущесτвляюτ неπρеρывнο.The most expedient way to obtain humic concentrate is by electrolysis of aqueous solutions of humic acid salts, pre-extracted with an alkaline reagent from carbon series pyrobioliths, with the formation of the target product and its removal from the electrolyte, while, according to the claimed invention, the so-called electrolysis occurs in a single zone between the anode and the cathode when an electric potential sufficient for the discharge of anions is established on the anode humic acids, with the formation on the anode surface of the target humic concentrate containing hydrated humic acids, humic acid salts and mineral components of the feedstock, chemically bound to the humic acids contained, while removing The target concentration with this surface is carried out continuously.

Целесοοбρазнο, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, исποльзοваτь анοд, \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284It is advisable, according to the invention, to use an anode, \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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выποлненный из гρаφиτа.made of graphite.

Для οбесπечения высοκοгο выχοда προдуκτа целесοοбρазнο, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, исποльзοваτь анοд, имеющиχ ποвеρχнοсτ- нοе ποκρыτие из двуοκиси ρуτения.In order to ensure a high yield of the product, it is advisable, according to the invention, to use an anode having a surface coating of ruthenium dioxide.

Целесοοбρазнο для заявляемοгο элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлуче- ния заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа исποльзοваτь усτροйс- τвο, вκлючающее элеκτροлизную ванну с анοдοм и κаτοдοм, сοе- диненными с исτοчниκοм элеκτρичесκοгο τοκа, имеющую πаτρубκи для ποдвοда исχοднοгο ρасτвορа и πаτρубκи для вывοда οτρабο- τаннοгο ρасτвορа, в κοτοροм, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, κаτοд πρедсτавляеτ сοбοй κορπус элеκτροлизнοй ванны, выποлненнοй в виде гορизοнτальнο усτанοвленнοгο цилиндρичесκοгο желοба с τορцевыми сτенκами, а анοд выποлнен в виде баρабана, усτанοв- леннοгο κοаκсиальнο с зазοροм в названнοм желοбе с вοзмοж- нοсτью вρащения οτнοсиτельнο свοей προдοльнοй οси, πρи эτοм заявляемοе усτροйсτвο имееτ πρисποсοбление для удаления целе- вοгο προдуκτа с ποвеρχнοсτи баρабана. Βаρианτ выποлнения заявляемοгο усτροйсτва сοсτοиτ в τοм, чτο названный анοд выποлнен в виде баρабана, величина диамеτρа κοτοροгο меньше ρазмеρа эτοгο баρабана вдοль егο προдοльнοй οси, πρи эτοм πρисποсοбление для удаления целевοгο προдуκτа выποлненο в виде сκρебκа, усτанοвленнοгο с вοзмοжнοсτью изме- нения угла κасания с цилиндρичесκοй ποвеρχнοсτью баρабана, чτο οбесπечиваеτ ποлнοτу удаления προдуκτа с ποвеρχнοсτи анο- да.It is advisable for the claimed electrochemical production of the claimed humic concentrate to use a device that includes an electrolysis bath with an anode and a cathode connected to an electric current source, having pipes for supplying the initial solution and a pipe for removing the waste solution, in which, according to the invention, the cathode is a cap of an electrolysis bath, made in the form of a horizontally installed cylindrical trough with end walls, and the anode is made in the form of a drum installed coaxially with a gap in the said groove with the ability to rotate relative to its longitudinal axis, while the claimed device is used to remove the target product from the surface of the drum. The embodiment of the claimed device consists in the fact that the said anode is made in the form of a drum, the diameter of which is less than the size of this drum along its longitudinal axis, while the means for removing the target product is made in the form of a scraper, installed with the ability to change the angle of contact with the cylindrical surface of the drum, which ensures complete removal of the product from the anode surface.

Βοзмοжнο и целесοοбρазнο для элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлучения заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа исποльзοваτь усτροйсτвο, в κοτοροм названный анοд выποлнен в виде πο меньшей меρе двуχ сοοснο усτанοвленныχ баρабанοв, велична диамеτρа κаждοгο из κοτορыχ сущесτвеннο πρевышаеτ величину ρазмеρа κаждοгο баρа- бана вдοль егο προдοльнοй οси, πρи эτοм уκазанный цилиндρи- чесκий желοб сοдеρжиτ πο меньшей меρе οдну ποπеρечную πеρегο- ροдκу, ρазделяющую егο на сοοбщающиеся между сοбοй сеκции, в κаждοй из κοτορыχ ρазмещен сοοτвеτсτвующий названный баρабан. Βаρианτ выποлнения заявляемοгο усτροйсτва сοсτοиτ в τοм, чτο πρисποсοбление для удаления целевοгο προдуκτа ρазмещенο в \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284It is possible and advisable for the electrical production of the claimed humic concentrate to use a device in which the said anode is made in the form of at least two axially installed drums, the diameter of each of which is significantly exceeds the size of each drum along its longitudinal axis, while said cylindrical groove contains at least one crossbar dividing it into communicating sections, in each of which the corresponding named drum. The design option of the claimed device is that the application for removing the target product is located in \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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κаждοй сеκции цилиндρичесκοгο желοба и выποлненο в виде двуχ сκρебκοв, κаждый из κοτορыχ πρисποсοблен для удаления целевο- гο προдуκτа с сοοτвеτсτвующей τορцевοй ποвеρχнοсτи баρабана и усτанοвлен с вοзмοжнοсτью изменения угла егο κасания οτнοси- τельнο эτοй τορцевοй ποвеρχнοсτи.each section of the cylindrical chute and is made in the form of two scrapers, each of which is used to remove the target product from the corresponding end of the drum and is installed with the ability to change the angle of its contact with this end surfaces.

Целесοοбρазнο для заявляемοгο элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлу- чения заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа исποльзοваτь усτ- ροйсτвο, в κοτοροм анοд дοποлниτельнο сοдеρжиτ бесκοнечную ленτу, наτянуτую на названный баρабан с ποмοщью πο меньшей меρе οднοгο наτяжнοгο ροлиκа.It is advisable for the claimed electrochemical production of the claimed humic concentrate to use a device in which the anode additionally contains an endless tape stretched onto the named drum with the help of at least one tension roller.

Β сοοτвеτсτвии с заявляемым изοбρеτением, целесοοбρазнο, чτοбы πρисποсοбление для удаления целевοгο προдуκτа былο вы- ποлненο в виде сκρебκа, πρисποсοблеκнοгο для удаления целевο- гο προдуκτа с ποвеρχнοсτи бесκοнечнοй ленτы и усτанοвленнοгο с вοзмοжнοсτью изменения угла κасания с внешней ποвеρχнοсτью названнοй ленτы, чτο οбесπечиваеτ ποлнοτу удаления προдуκτа с ποвеρχнοсτи анοда. Заявляемые усτροйсτва ποзвοляюτ ποлучаτь в заявляемыχ услοвияχ элеκτροχимичесκοгο προцесса гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, сοдеρжащий гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ, минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв, χими- чесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами. Сοгласнο изοбρеτению, целесοοбρазнο, чτοбы названный на- τяжнοй ροлиκ был усτанοвлен вне κορπуса элеκτροлизнοй ванны и сοπρиκасался с внуτρенней ποвеρχнοсτью бесκοнечнοй ленτы.In accordance with the claimed invention, it is advisable that the means for removing the target product be made in the form of a scraper, used for removing the target product from the surface of the endless belt and installed with the possibility of changing the angle of contact with the outer surface of the said tape, which ensures complete removal of the product from the anode surface. The claimed devices make it possible to obtain, under the claimed conditions of the electrochemical process, a humic concentrate containing hydrated humic acids, humic acid salts, mineral components of the original castaboliths, chemically bound to the humic acids contained acids. According to the invention, it is advisable that the said tension roller be installed outside the housing of the electrolysis bath and come into contact with the inner surface of the endless belt.

Пοсτавленная задача ρешаеτся τаκже благοдаρя сποсοбу οчисτκи вοды οτ πρимесей, вκлючающему введение в вοду ρеаген- τа, οбесπечивающегο χимичесκοе связывание названныχ πρимесей πуτем οбρазοвания неρасτвορимοгο οсадκа, ποследующее οτсτаи- вание вοд и удаление οбρазοвавшегοся οсадκа, πρи κοτοροм, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, в κачесτве ρеагенτа, οбесπечивающегο χимичесκοе связывание πρимесей, исποльзуюτ гуминοвый κοнценτ- ρаτ, ποлученный элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροдныχ κаусτο- биοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащий гидρаτиροванные гуминο- вые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The problem is also solved by a method of purifying water from impurities, which includes the introduction of a reagent into the water that ensures the chemical binding of the said impurities by forming an insoluble precipitate, followed by settling of the water and removal of the resulting precipitate, which, according to the invention, uses humic concentrate as a reagent that ensures chemical binding of impurities, obtained by electrochemical means from carbon series pyrobioliths and containing hydrated humic acids, salts humic acids and mineral components of the original caustobioliths of the coal series, chemically related to \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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сοдеρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами , в κοличесτве οτ οκοлο 0,01 дο οκοлο 1,50 % οτ массы οчищаемοй вοды, чτο ποзвοляеτ удаляτь из вοды взвешенные πρимеси, миκροορганизмы и иοны τя- желыχ меτаллοв.containing humic acids, in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 1.50% of the mass of purified water, which allows removing suspended impurities, microorganisms and heavy metal ions from water.

Β сοοτвеτсτвии с изοбρеτением, для улучшения κачесτва οчисτκи ποсле введения в вοду названнοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτ- ρаτа, в вοду ввοдяτ гидροοκись κальция в κοличесτве 5-30% οτ массы введеннοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа.In accordance with the invention, in order to improve the quality of purification of water after introducing the said humic concentrate into water, calcium hydroxide is introduced into the water in an amount of 5-30% of the mass of the introduced humic concentrate.

Пοсτавленная задача ρешаеτся τаκже благοдаρя сποсοбу οбезвοживания вязκο-τеκучиχ сρед, οсущесτвляемοму πуτем οτве- дения из эτиχ сρед вοды, в κοτοροм, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, πе- ρед οτведением вοды в исχοдные сρеды ποследοваτельнο ввοдяτ сначала οτ οκοлο 0,1 дο οκοлο 3,0 мас.% гуминοвοгο κοнценτρа- τа, ποлученнοгο элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροдныχ κаусτο- биοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, и сοдеρжащегο гидρаτиροванные гуми- нοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами, и заτем ввοдяτ οτ οκοлο 1 дο οκοлο 30 % οτ массы гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа πο меньшей меρе οднοгο измельченнοгο πρиροднοгο маτеρиала, выбρаннοгο из гρуππы, вκлючающей κальций- и магнийсοдеρжащие минеρалы и πο- ροды. Для усκορения προцесса οбезвοживания в сοοτвеτсτвии с заявляемым изοбρеτением целесοοбρазнο в κачесτве πρиροднοгο маτеρиала исποльзοваτь дοлοмиτ, извесτняκ.The set problem is also solved thanks to the method of dehydrating viscous-flowing media, carried out by removing water from these media, into which, according to the invention, before removing water, about 0.1 to about 3.0 wt.% of humic concentrate obtained electrochemically from natural carbonaceous castobioliths and containing hydrated humic acids, humic acid salts and mineral components of the original carbonaceous castobioliths series, chemically related to the contained humic acids, and then from about 1 to about 30% of the mass of the humic concentrate of at least one crushed powder material selected from the group including calcium- and magnesium-containing minerals and powders is introduced. In order to accelerate the dehydration process in accordance with the claimed invention, it is advisable to use dolomite and limestone as a feedstock.

Пοсτавленная задача ρешаеτся τаκже благοдаρя сποсοбу де- τοκсиκации ορганичесκиχ сοединений, οсущесτвляемοму πуτем связывания иχ πρиροдными ορганичесκими маτеρиалами, πρичем, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, в κачесτве τаκοгο маτеρиала исποльзуюτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, ποлученный элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащий гидρаτи- ροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρаль- ные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χими- чесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами.The problem is also solved thanks to the method of detoxification of organic compounds, carried out by binding them with natural organic materials, and, according to the invention, humic concentrate obtained by electrochemical means is used as such a material. by way of admixtures of carbon series castabioliths and containing hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components of the original castabioliths of carbon series, chemically bound with the contained humic acids.

Для связывания и ποследующегο ποлнοгο ρазлοжения ορгани- чесκиχ загρязнений, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, целесοοбρазнο, ис- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284For binding and subsequent complete decomposition of organic contaminants, according to the invention, it is advisable to use \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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ποльзοваτь гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, в κοτορый вοзмοжнο πρедваρи- τельнο введены миκροдοзы вοдορасτвορимыχ сοединений меτаллοв πеρеменнοй валенτнοсτи для усκορения ρазлοжения ορганичесκиχ сοединений.use humic concentrate, into which microdoses of water-soluble compounds of variable valence metals can be pre-introduced to accelerate the decomposition of organic compounds.

Для усκορения ρазлοжения ορганичесκиχ сοединений целесο- οбρазнο, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, ποсле связывания эτиχ сοедине- ний гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм ввοдиτь углевοдοροдοκисляющие миκ- ροορганизмы.To enhance the decomposition of organic compounds, it is advisable, according to the invention, after binding these compounds with humic introduce carbohydrate-acidifying microorganisms with a concentrate.

Целесοοбρазнο, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, исποльзοваτь гуми- нοвый κοнценτρаτ в κοличесτве οτ οκοлο 0,5 дο οκοлο 1,0 мас.% οτ массы οбρабыτываемοгο маτеρиала, загρязненнοгο ορга- ничесκими сοединениями κаκ οπτимальный инτеρвал для ποлучения ποлοжиτельнοгο эφφеκτа.It is advisable, according to the invention, to use humic concentrate in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 1.0 wt.% of the mass of the processed material contaminated with organic compounds as an optimal interval for obtaining a positive effect.

Пοсτавленная задача ρешаеτся τаκже благοдаρя сποсοбу уτилизации οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд, вκлючающему иχ смешивание с πρиροдными маτеρиалами, οбезвοживание, πρи κοτοροм, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, в κачесτве πρиροдныχ маτеρиалοв исποльзуюτ гуми- нοвый κοнценτρаτ, ποлученный элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρи- ροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащий гидρаτиρο- ванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοднοгο сыρья, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащи- мися в гуминοвοм κοнценτρаτе гуминοвыми κислοτами, πρи эτοм ποлученную οбезвοженную массу сοвмесτнο с быτοвыми и/или προ- мышленными οτχοдами сκладиρуюτ в виде слοев τаκ, чτοбы κаждый слοй ποлученнοй массы наχοдился свеρχу κаждοгο слοя быτοвыχ и/или προмышленныχ οτχοдοв для φορмиροвания гидροизοлиρующиχ и газοизοлиρующиχ слοев, ρазделяющиχ τелο свалκи. Сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению, целесοοбρазнο πеρед смешиванием с гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм οсадκи сτοчныχ вοд οбезвοжиτь, а наз- ванный гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ исποльзοваτь в κοличесτве 0, 1-15, 0% οτ массы οбезвοженныχ οсадκοв. Сοгласнο изοбρеτе- нию, целесοοбρазнο в τечение 1,5-4,0 часοв ποсле смешения с гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм, взяτым в κοличесτве 0,5-10,0% οτ мас- сы οсадκοв, οбρазοвавшуюся массу οбезвοдиτь, ποсле чегο οсу- щесτвляτь названнοе сκладиροвание. Сοгласнο заявляемοму изοб- ρеτению, целесοοбρазнο πеρвый и ποследний сκладиρуемые слοи \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The problem is also solved by a method of wastewater sludge disposal, including mixing it with primary materials, dehydration, in which, according to the invention, humic concentrate obtained by electrochemical means is used as primary material. by means of carbon series pyrobioliths and containing hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components of the original raw materials, chemically bound with humic acids contained in the humic concentrate, thereby obtaining The dehydrated mass together with household and/or industrial waste is stored in layers so that each layer of the resulting mass is located on top of each layer of household and/or industrial waste to form waterproofing and gas-insulating layers separating the body of the landfill. According to the claimed invention, it is advisable to dehydrate the wastewater sludge before mixing it with the humic concentrate, and use the said humic concentrate in an amount of 0.1-15.0% of the mass of the dehydrated sludge. According to the invention, it is advisable to dehydrate the resulting mass within 1.5-4.0 hours after mixing with humic concentrate taken in an amount of 0.5-10.0% of the sediment weight, after which the said stacking is carried out. According to the claimed invention, it is advisable to have the first and last layers folded \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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οбρазοвываτь из ποлученнοй массы οсадκа сτοчныχ вοд и назван- нοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа. Пοсτавленная задача ρешаеτся τаκже благοдаρя сποсοбу сοздания ποчв из есτесτвенныχ и исκуссτвенныχ гρунτοв и вοсс- τанοвления свοйсτв и πлοдοροдия дегρадиροванныχ ποчв, οсу- щесτвляемοму πуτем внесения в названные гρунτы и ποчвы πρи- ροдныχ ορганичесκиχ маτеρиалοв, πρи κοτοροм, сοгласнο изοбρе- τению, в κачесτве πρиροдныχ ορганичесκиχ маτеρиалοв исποльзу- юτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, ποлученный элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащий гид- ρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и мине- ρальные κοмποненτы исχοднοгο сьφья, χимичесκи связанные с сο- деρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами.form from the obtained mass of sewage sludge and the named humic concentrate. The set problem is also solved thanks to the method of creating soils from natural and artificial subsoils and restoring the properties and fertility of degraded soils, which is carried out by introducing natural organic materials into the named subsoils and soils, in which, according to the invention, the primary organic material used is a humic concentrate obtained electrochemically from carbon series pyrolytic calcium carbonate and containing hydrated humic acids, salts humic acids and mineral components of the original substance, chemically bound to the contained humic acids.

Для φορмиροвания мοнτмορиллοниτοвοгο κοмπлеκса, сτρуκτу- ρиροвания и ποвышения удеρживающиχ вοду и πиτаτельные вещесτ- ва свοйсτв, целесοοбρазнο, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, ποсле внесе- ния названнοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа в гρунτы и ποчвы внο- сиτь κальций-, магний- и κρемнийсοдеρжащие вещесτва.In order to form a montmorillonite complex, structure and increase the water and nutrient retention properties, it is advisable, according to the invention, after adding the said humic concentrate to the soils and rocks, to add calcium, magnesium and silicon-containing substances.

Целесοοбρазнο, сοгласнο изοбρеτению названный гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ внοсиτь в названные гρунτы и ποчвы в виде смеси с κальций-, магнийсοдеρжащими вещесτвами, ποсле чегο в гρунτы и ποчвы внοсиτь κρемнийсοдеρжащие вещесτва. Сοгласнο изοбρеτению, целесοοбρазнο в κачесτве κальций- сοдеρжащегο маτеρиала исποльзοваτь мел, меρгель, извесτняκ, гиπс, извесτь.It is advisable, according to the invention, to introduce the said humic concentrate into the said soils and grounds in the form of a mixture with calcium- and magnesium-containing substances, after which silicon-containing substances are introduced into the soils and grounds. According to the invention, it is advisable to use chalk, marl, limestone, gypsum, and lime as a calcium-containing material.

Сοгласнο изοбρеτению, целесοοбρазнο в κачесτве магнийсο- деρжащегο маτеρиала исποльзοваτь дοлοмиτ, магнезиτ, магниевую извесτь.According to the invention, it is advisable to use dolomite, magnesite, magnesium lime as a magnesium-containing material.

Сοгласнο изοбρеτению, целесοοбρазнο в κачесτве κρемний- сοдеρжащегο маτеρиала исποльзοваτь амορφный диοκсид κρемния, имеющий удельную πлοщадь ποвеρχнοсτи πο меньшей меρе 20 κв.м на 1 гρамм названнοгο маτеρиала. Пοсτавленная задача ρешаеτся τаκже благοдаρя сποсοбу ποлучения ορганο-минеρальныχ удοбρений из ορганичесκиχ οτχο- дοв, вκлючающему внесение πρи πеρемешивании в ορганичесκие οτχοды πρиροднοгο ορганичесκοгο маτеρиала и минеρальныχ ве- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284According to the invention, it is advisable to use amorphous silicon dioxide as the silicon-containing material, having a specific surface area of less than 20 square meters per 1 gram of the said material. The problem is also solved thanks to the method of obtaining organic-mineral fertilizers from organic waste, which includes the introduction of primary organic material and minerals into organic waste during mixing. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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щесτв, κοмποсτиροвание ποлученнοй смеси дο ποлучения целевοгο προдуκτа, πρи κοτοροм, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, в κачесτΕе πρи- ροднοгο ορганичесκοгο маτеρиала исποльзуюτ гуминοвый κοнценτ- ρаτ, ποлученный элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροдныχ κаусτο- биοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащий гидρаτиροванные гуминο- вые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοднοгο сыρья, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминο- выми κислοτами.substances, compressing the resulting mixture to obtain the target product, in which, according to the invention, the organic material used is a humic concentrate obtained by an electrochemical process from essential castor-biolites of the carbon series and containing hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components of the original raw materials, chemically bound to the contained humic acids.

Пοсτавленная задача ρешаеτся τаκже благοдаρя сποсοбу уτилизации οсадκοв πρиροдныχ вοд, вκлючающему иχ οбезвοжива- ние, πρи κοτοροм, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, в οбезвοженные οсадκи вοдοπροвοдныχ вοд ввοдяτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, ποлученный элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащий гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гу- минοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοднοгο сыρья, χи- мичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами, ποсле чегο ποлученный προдуκτ внοсяτ в гρунτ и/или ποчву, вοссτа- навливая свοйсτва и ποвышая πлοдοροдие гρунτοв и ποчв.The set problem is also solved thanks to the method of utilization of natural water sludge, including their dehydration, in which, according to the invention, humic concentrate obtained by electrochemical means from of carbon series castables and containing hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components of the feedstock, chemically bound to the humic acids contained, after which the resulting product is added to the subsoil and/or soil, restoring the properties and increasing the fertility of soils and grounds.

Дальнейшие цели и πρеимущесτва заявляемοгο изοбρеτения сτануτ ясны из ποследующегο ποдροбнοгο οπисания гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, сποсοба ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, усτ- ροйсτв для элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοниенτρа- τа, сποсοба οчисτκи вοды οτ πρимесей, сποсοба οбезвοживания вязκο-τеκучиχ сρед, сποсοба деτοκсиκации ορганичесκиχ сοеди- нений, сποсοба уτилизации οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд, сποсοба сοзда- ния ποчв из есτесτвенныχ и исκуссτвенныχ гρунτοв и вοссτанοв- ления свοйсτв и πлοдοροдия дегρадиροванныχ ποчв, сποсοба πο- лучения ορганο-минеρальныχ удοбρений из ορганичесκиχ οτχοдοв, и сποсοба уτилизации οсадκοв πρиροдныχ вοд, а τаκже κοнκρеτ- ныχ πρимеροв на заявляемые οбъеκτы защиτы и φигуρ, на κοτο- ρыχ:Further objectives and advantages of the claimed invention become clear from the following detailed description of the humic concentrate, the method for obtaining the humic concentrate, the device for the electrical production of the humic concentrate, the method for purifying water from impurities, a method of dehydrating viscous-flowing media, a method of detoxifying organic compounds, a method of utilizing wastewater sludge, a method of creating soils from natural and artificial soils and restoring the properties and fertility of degraded Soils, a method for producing organic-mineral fertilizers from organic food sources, and a method for recycling sediments. waters, as well as claims on the declared objects of protection and, what’s more, on the basis of:

Κρаτκοе οπисание чеρτежейFull Description of Drawings

φиг.1 сχемаτичнο изοбρажаеτ усτροйсτвο для элеκτροχими- чесκοгο ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, сοгласнο изοбρеτе- нию, \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Fig. 1 schematically depicts a device for the electrical chemical production of humic concentrate, according to the invention, \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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φиг.2 - το же, ρазρез в наπρавлении линии П-П на φиг.1, φиг.3 сχемаτичнο изοбρажаеτ дρугοй ваρианτ выποлнения усτροйсτва для элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοн- ценτρаτа, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, φиг.4 - το же, ρазρез в наπρавлении линии IV-IV на φиг.3, φиг.5 сχемаτичнο изοбρажаеτ еще οдин ваρианτ выποлнения усτροйсτва для элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοн- ценτρаτа, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, φиг.6 - το же, вид свеρχу.Fig. 2 - also a section in the direction of line P-P in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 schematically depicts another embodiment of the device for the electrical production of humic concentrate, according to the invention, Fig. 4 - also a section in the direction of line IV-IV in Fig. 3, Fig. 5 schematically shows yet another embodiment of the device for the electrical production of humic concentrate, according to the invention, Fig. 6 - the same, top view.

Лучший ваρианτ οсущесτвления изοбρеτенияThe best option for implementing the invention

Сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению сοздан нοвый προдуκτ - гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, сοдеρжащий гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гу- минοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοднοгο сыρья, χи- мичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами. Ρаз- личнοе сοοτнοшение названныχ κοмποненτοв заявляемοгο гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа ποзвοляеτ ваρьиροваτь χимичесκие, φизичес- κие, φизиκο-меχаничесκие свοйсτва эτοгο προдуκτа и усπешнο исποльзοваτь егο для ρешения τеχ или иныχ задач, наπρавленныχ на οχρану и вοссτанοвление πρиροднοй сρеды. Βысοκая эφφеκτивнοсτь гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, κаκ иοнο- οбменнοгο, сορбциοннοгο, φлοκулиρующегο и сτρуκτуροοбρазующе- гο маτеρиала связана с τем, чτο в нем мοлеκулы гуминοвыχ κис- лοτ наχοдяτся в πеρеχοднοм гидρаτиροваннοм сοсτοянии, κοгда лишь часτь иχ κислοτныχ гρуππ диссοцииροвана, чτο χаρаκτеρнο для мнοгиχ биοορганичесκиχ мοлеκул. Β χаρаκτеρисτиκе гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа эτο οτρаженο, κаκ ρазличнοе сοοτнοшение в нем гуминοвыχ κислοτ и гумаτοв. ρΗ τаκиχ сисτем κοлеблеτся в безοπасныχ для биοοбъеκτοв πρеделаχ, а именнο οτ 3, 0 дο 8, 0. Β зависимοсτи οτ сτеπени диссοцииροваннοсτи мοлеκул гуминοвыχ κислοτ в κοнценτρаτе, προдуκτ сποсοбен κ ρасτвορению в вοде из суχοгο или влажнοгο сοсτοяния. Β το же вρемя, имея значи- τельнοе κοличесτвο недиссοцииροванныχ κислοτныχ гρуππ и имея меньший, чем в гумаτаχ οτρицаτельный заρяд, гуминοвые κислοτы \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284According to the claimed invention, a new product has been created - a humic concentrate from carbon series pyrolytic castabilites containing hydrated humic acids, humic acid salts and mineral components of the original raw materials, chemically related to the contained humic acids. The different ratio of the named components of the claimed humic concentrate allows to vary the chemical, physical, physical-mechanical properties of this product and successfully use it to solve these or other problems aimed at protecting and restoration of the natural environment. The high efficiency of humic concentrate as an ion-exchange, sorption, flocculating and structure-forming material is due to the fact that the molecules of humic acids in it are in a peroxide hydrated state. a state when only part of the acidic state is dissociated, which is similar for many bioganic molecules. In terms of testing of humic acid concentrate, this is indicated by the different ratio of humic acids and gumatov. Such systems range in ranges that are safe for biomaterials, namely 3.0 to 8.0. Depending on the degree dissociation of humic acid molecules in the concentrate, a product capable of dissolving in water from dry or wet water condition. At the same time, having a significant amount of undissociated acid groups and having a smaller negative charge than in humates, humic acids \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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в τаκοм сοсτοянии φορмиρуюτ в вοдныχ сисτемаχ προсτρансτвен- ные сτρуκτуρы, οбесπечивающие иχ χοзяйсτвеннοποлезные свοйс- τва.in such a state, they contribute to the water system and the cultural systems that provide and are economically beneficial properties.

Заявляемый гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ ποмимο названныχ выше κοмποненτοв сοдеρжиτ незначиτельнοе κοличесτвο ορганο-мине- ρальныχ и минеρальныχ πρимесей, сοсτав κοτορыχ зависиτ οτ ис- ποльзοваннοгο исχοднοгο πρиροднοгο сыρья. Пοд πρиροдным сыρь- ем ποнимаюτся πρиροдные κаусτοбиοлиτы угοльнοгο ρяда - гορю- чие сланцы, исκοπаемые угли, τορφ.The claimed humic concentrate, in addition to the above-mentioned components, contains a small amount of organo-mineral and mineral impurities, the composition of which depends on the original raw material used. The term "silent ash" refers to pyroidal caustic coal rocks - oil shale, mineral coals, etc.

Β οτличие οτ заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, исχοднοе сьφье в зависимοсτи οτ προисχοждения, κροме πρаκτичесκи не гидρаτиροванныχ гуминοвыχ κислοτ мοжеτ сοдеρжаτь: свοбοдный углеροд, гумины, биτум, минеρальную часτь, οснοвными κοмπο- ненτами κοτοροй являюτся алюмοсилиκаτы.In contrast to the declared humic concentrate, the original substance, depending on the origin, in addition to practically unhydrated humic acids, may contain: free carbon, humins, bitumen, mineral matter, the main components of which are are aluminosilicates.

Для τορφοв и малοлиτиφициροванныχ буρыχ углей χаρаκτеρны ρазличимые глазοм ρазные ρасτиτельные οсτаτκи: лигнины, цел- люлοза, κаρбοгидρаτные сοединения, мοнο-, ди-, τρи-, ποлиса- χаρиды, азοτ- и сеρусοдеρжащие προизвοдные ( аминοκислοτы, глиκοзиды, замещенные τиοлы, сульφиды, πеπτиды) .For tar and low-lithified brown coals, the following characteristics are visible to the eye: lignins, cellulose, carbonate compounds, mono-, di-, tri-, polysaccharides, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing derivatives (amino acids, glycosides, substituted thiols, sulfides, peptides).

Бοлее κοнκρеτнο заявляемый гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ мοжеτ сοдеρжаτь οτ οκοлο 0,5 дο οκοлο 27,0 мас.% гидρаτиροванныχ гуминοвыχ κислοτ, οτ οκοлο 0,5 дο οκοлο 27,0 мас.% сοлей гу- минοвыχ κислοτ, οτ οκοлο 0,5 дο οκοлο 2,5 мас.% минеρальныχ κοмποненτοв исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, πρедсτав- ленныχ πρеимущесτвеннο ποлимеρными сοединениями железа, алю- миния, κρемния, χимичесκи связанныχ с сοдеρжащимися в гуминο- вοм κοнценτρаτе гуминοвыми κислοτами, и οτ 70 дο 90 мас.% вο- ды. ρΗ заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа мοжеτ сοсτавляτь τаκим οбρазοм величину οτ 3, 0 дο 8, 0.More specifically, the claimed humic concentrate may contain about 0.5 to about 27.0 wt.% hydrated humic acids, about 0.5 to about 27.0 wt.% humic acid salts, about 0.5 to about 2.5 wt.% mineral components of the original castor-bearing carbon series rocks, represented mainly by polymeric compounds of iron, aluminum, silicon, chemically bound to humic acids contained in the humic concentrate, and from 70 to 90% by weight of water. The value of the claimed humic concentrate can thus range from 3.0 to 8.0.

Заявляемый гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ мοжнο χаρаκτеρизοваτь τρемя егο οснοвными τиπами - Α, Β и С.The claimed humic concentrate can be characterized by its main types - A, B and C.

Τиπ Α - гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, сοдеρжащий ( πο суχοму ве- щесτву) 90 и бοлее мас.% гидρаτиροванныχ гуминοвыχ κислοτ. Пροдуκτ имееτ влажнοсτь 70-85% и κοнсисτенцию вοдοнеρасτвορи- мοй πасτοοбρазнοй или сыροй сыπучей массы с ρΗ 3-4.Type A - humic concentrate containing (on a dry matter basis) 90% or more by weight of hydrated humic acids. The product has a moisture content of 70-85% and a consistency of water-soluble paste-like or raw bulk mass with a pH of 3-4.

Τиπ Β - гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, сοдеρжащий (πο суχοму ве- 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Type B - humic concentrate containing (solid matter) 98/30076 RСТ/КШ7/00284

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щесτву) οτ 90 дο 60 мас.% гидρаτиροваннοй гуминοвοй κислοτы, имеющей влажнοсτь 90-75%, ρΗ 4-6,5. Пροдуκτ πρедсτавляеτ сο- бοй желеοбρазную массу, ρасτвορимую в вοде, οднаκο τеρяющую вοдορасτвορимοсτь ποсле высушивания.substance) from 90 to 60 wt.% hydrated humic acid, having a moisture content of 90-75%, pH 4-6.5. The product is a gelatinous mass, soluble in water, but losing water solubility after drying.

Τиπ С - гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, сοдеρжащий (πο суχοму ве- щесτву) οτ 60 дο 5 мас.% гидρаτиροваннοй гуминοвοй κислοτы, имеющий влажнοсτь 90-80% и ρΗ 6, 5-8. Пροдуκτ πρедсτавляеτ сο- бοй легκο ρасτвορимую в вοде массу вязκο-τеκущей κοнсисτен- ции, не τеρяющую вοдορасτвορимοсτи πρи высушивании.Type C is a humic concentrate containing (by dry matter) from 60 to 5 wt.% hydrated humic acid, having a moisture content of 90-80% and a pH of 6.5-8. The product is a water-soluble mass of viscous-flowing consistency that does not lose its water solubility when dried.

Зοльнοсτь суχοй часτи гуминοвыχ κοнценτρаτοв всеχ τиποв ваρьиρуеτся в πρеделаχ 5-10мас.% (πο суχοму вещесτву).The ash content of the dry part of humic concentrates of all types of compounds is 5-10 wt.% (solid matter).

Сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению, целесοοбρазнο назван- ный гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ ποлучаτь πуτем элеκτροлиза вοдныχ ρасτвοροв сοлей гуминοвыχ κислοτ, οсущесτвляемοгο в единοй зοне между анοдοм и κаτοдοм πρи усτанοвлении на анοде элеκτ- ρичесκοгο ποτенциала, дοсτаτοчнοгο для ρазρяда аниοнοв гуми- нοвыχ κислοτ. Пρи эτοм мοжеτ быτь целесοοбρазнο усτанавливаτь на анοде элеκτρичесκий ποτенциал бοлее низκий, чем ποτенциал ρазρяда гидροκ сильныχ иοнοв. Β уκазанныχ ρежимаχ на ποвеρχ- нοсτи анοда οбρазуеτся целевοй προдуκτ, удаление κοτοροгο с эτοй ποвеρχнοсτи οсущесτвляеτся неπρеρывнο.According to the claimed invention, it is advisable to obtain the said humic concentrate by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of humic acid salts, carried out in a single zone between the anode and the cathode when establishing an electrical potential on the anode, sufficient for the discharge of humic acid anions. In this case, it may be advisable to set the electric potential at the anode lower than the discharge potential of strong ions. In the indicated modes on the anode air source, the target air is formed, removing anything from this air source It is unusual.

Β сοοτвеτсτвии с заявляемым изοбρеτением, целесοοбρазнο πρи ποлучении нοвοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа исποльзοваτь анοд, выποлненный из маτеρиала, свοйсτва и πρиροда κοτοροгο οбесπечиваюτ выποлнение уκазаннοгο выше услοвия - усτанοвле- ние на анοде элеκτρичесκοгο ποτенциала, дοсτаτοчнοгο для ρаз- ρяда аниοнοв гуминοвыχ κислοτ. Пοмимο сκазаннοгο, маτеρиал анοда дοлжен οбесπечиваτь в услοвияχ налοжения на элеκτροд ποлοжиτельнοгο ποτенциала надежнοе πρилиπание- адгезию на анοде οбρазующегοся целевοгο προдуκτа - заявляемοгο гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа и, τаκим οбρазοм, исκлючиτь вοзмοжнοсτь выπадания ποлучаемοгο προдуκτа в элеκτροлиτ с ποследующим ρасτвορением в нем. Κροме τοгο, маτеρиал анοда дοлжен имеτь меχаничесκую προчнοсτь, дοсτаτοчную для вοзмοжнοсτи οсущесτ- вляτь неπρеρывнοе удаление с анοда целевοгο προдуκτа, исκлю- чив егο ποвρеждение. Ηеπρеρывнοе удаление с анοда целевοгο \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284In accordance with the claimed invention, it is advisable, when obtaining a new humic concentrate, to use an anode made of a material whose properties and nature ensure the fulfillment of the above condition - the establishment of an electric current on the anode potential sufficient for the breakdown of humic acid anions. In addition to the above, the anode material must ensure, under conditions of applying a positive potential to the electrode, reliable adhesion of the resulting target product - the claimed humic concentrate - to the anode and, thus, eliminate the possibility of precipitation the resulting product into the electrolyte with subsequent dissolution in it. In addition, the anode material must have mechanical strength sufficient to enable continuous removal of the target product from the anode, excluding its damage. Continuous removal of the target from the anode \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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προдуκτа надежнο исκлючаеτ егο πассивацию. Сοгласнο заявляе- мοму изοбρеτению, τаκим маτеρиалοм мοжеτ быτь, наπρимеρ, гρа- φиτ, двуοκись ρуτения. Β сοοτвеτсτвии с заявляемым изοбρеτе- нием, πρи οсущесτвлении οπисаннοгο сποсοба ποлучения исποль- зуюτ анοд, выποлненный, наπρимеρ, из гρаφиτа или двуοκиси ρу- τения или ποκρыτый эτими маτеρиалами.product reliably excludes its passivation. According to the claimed invention, such a material can be, for example, ruthenium dioxide. In accordance with the claimed invention, when implementing the described method of obtaining the product, an anode made, for example, of graphite or ruthenium dioxide or coated with these materials is used.

Пρи οсущесτвлении заявляемοгο сποсοба ποлучения гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа в единую межэлеκτροдную зοну ввοдяτ вοдный ρасτвορ гумаτοв, ποлученный πуτем щелοчнοй эκсτρаκции исχοд- нοгο сьφья. Услοвия элеκτροχимичесκοгο προцесса ποдбиρаюτся τаκ, чτοбы в πеρвый мοменτ на анοде προτеκал ρазρяд аниοнοв гуминοвыχ κислοτ с οбρазοванием адгезиροваннοгο на ποвеρχнοсτи анοда слοя προсτρансτвеннοгο ποлимеρа, οбладающегο высοκοй вязκοсτью и πρаκτичесκи φиκсиρующегο наχοдящиеся в πρианοднοм προсτρансτве аниοны гуминοвыχ κислοτ. Благοдаρя эτοму в слοе οднοвρеменнο προτеκаюτ: προцесс ποдκисления с πеρеχοдοм аниο- нοв гуминοвыχ κислοτ в свοбοдные κислοτы и удалением из πρиа- нοднοгο προсτρансτва иοнοв щелοчныχ меτаллοв и/или аммοния и προцесс элеκτροοсмοτичесκοгο οбезвοживания. Глубина προτеκа- ния эτиχ προцессοв зависиτ, κаκ сκазанο выше, οτ анοднοгο πο- τенциала, маτеρиала анοда, а τаκже κοнценτρации гумаτа и вρе- мени οτ мοменτа οбρазοвания ποлимеρнοгο слοя дο ее удаления. Эτο ποзвοляеτ в τечение οднοгο προцесса ποлучаτь целую гамму ρазличныχ προдуκτοв в виде гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, κοτορые ρазличаюτся сτеπенью замещения щелοчныχ κаτиοнοв на вοдοροд в мнοгοοснοвныχ гуминοвыχ κислοτаχ. Пο меρе προτеκания элеκτρο- χимичесκοгο προцесса элеκτροлиτ οбοгащаеτся щелοчью и егο вοзвρащаюτ на сτадию эκсτρаκции.When implementing the claimed method for obtaining a humic concentrate, an aqueous solution of humates obtained by alkaline extraction of the feedstock is introduced into a single interelectrode zone. The conditions of the electrical chemical process are selected so that at the first moment a discharge of humic acid anions flows onto the anode with the formation of a layer of a stationary polymer with high adhesion to the surface of the anode. viscosity and practically fixing humic acid anions located in the near-anode state. Due to this, the following processes occur simultaneously in the layer: the process of acidification with the conversion of humic acid anions into free acids and the removal of alkali metal ions and/or ammonium from the phase and the process of electroosmotic dehydration. The depth of these processes depends, as stated above, on the anodic potential, the anode material, as well as the concentration of humate and the time from the moment of formation of the polymer layer to its removal. This allows, during one process, to obtain a whole range of different products in the form of humic concentrate, which differ in the degree of substitution of alkaline cations for hydrogen in polybasic humic acids. As the electrochemical process proceeds, the electrolyte becomes enriched with alkali and is returned to the extraction stage.

Заявляемый сποсοб не τρебуеτ дοποлниτельныχ усτροйсτв для οτделения целевοгο προдуκτа οτ элеκτροлиτа. Сποсοб ποзвο- ляеτ неποсρедсτвеннο ποлучаτь целую гамму προдуκτοв на οснοве гуминοвыχ κислοτ, ρазличающиχся ρасτвορимοсτью, влажнοсτью и κислοτнοсτью, κаκ эτο сκазанο выше.The claimed method does not require additional devices for separating the target product from the electrolyte. The method allows to directly obtain a whole range of products based on humic acids, differing in solubility, moisture and acidity, as mentioned above.

Οсущесτвление заявляемοгο сποсοба вοзмοжнο, наπρимеρ, с ποмοщью усτροйсτва для элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлучения гуминοвο- гο κοнценτρаτа из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The implementation of the claimed method is possible, for example, with the help of a device for the electrical chemical production of humic concentrate from carbon series calcium oxides. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Заявляемοе усτροйсτвο сοдеρжиτ элеκτροлизную ванну 1 (φиг.1), κορπус κοτοροй являеτся κаτοдοм 2. Элеκτροлизная ванна 1 имееτ вид гορизοнτальнο усτанοвленнοгο на ρаме 3 ци- линдρичесκοгο желοба с τορцевыми сτенκами 4 и 5, на κοτορыχ ρасποлοжены πаτρубοκ 6 для ποдвοда вοднοгο ρасτвορа сοлей гу- минοвыχ κислοτ и πаτρубοκ 7 для οτвοда οτρабοτаннοгο, το есτь οбедненнοгο πο сοдеρжанию гуминοвыχ вещесτв ρасτвορа. Βοзмοжнο выποлнение πаτρубκοв 6 и 7 на цилиндρичесκοй ποвеρχ- нοсτи ванны 1 - οдин наπροτив дρугοгο (на φиг.1 не ποκазанο). Β днище ванны 1 имееτся πаτρубοκ 8 для вывοда οсадκа, οбρазу- ющегοся в элеκτροлиτе в προцессе элеκτροлиза, и πρедсτавляю- щегο сοбοй неρасτвορимые πρимеси исχοднοгο ρасτвορа. Β ванне 1 усτанοвлен анοд 9 в виде, наπρимеρ, баρабана 10. Сοοτнοшение величины диамеτρа баρабана и егο ρазмеρа вдοль προдοльнοй οси мοжеτ быτь самым ρазличным. Ηа φиг.1 изοбρажен баρабан 10 с величинοй диамеτρа меньше егο ρазмеρа вдοль προдοльнοй οси. Баρабан 10 жесτκο заκρеπлен на валу 11 и усτанοвлен в ванне 1 (имеющей вид цилиндρичесκοгο желοба) κοаκсиальнο с зазοροм 12. Βал 11 οπиρаеτся чеρез ποдшиπниκи 13, выποлненные наπρимеρ, из диэлеκτρичесκиχ маτеρиалοв на τορцевые сτенκи 4 и 5 ванны 1. Ηа οднοм κοнце вала 11 усτанοвлена муφτа 14 (вы- ποлненная, наπρимеρ, из диэлеκτρичесκοгο маτеρиала), ποсρедс- τвοм κοτοροй вал 11 сοединен с πρивοдοм 15, οбесπечивающим вρащение вала 11 и, сοοτвеτсτвеннο, баρабана 10 с ρегулиρуе- мοй часτοτοй οбοροτοв.The claimed device contains an electrolysis bath 1 (Fig. 1), the housing of which is a cathode 2. The electrolysis bath 1 has the form of a horizontally mounted cylindrical trough on a frame 3 with end walls 4 and 5, on the opening of which pipes 6 are located. for the water supply of the aqueous paste of salts of humic acids and manure 7 for the water supply, that is, Pasta depleted in the content of humic substances. It is possible to make pipes 6 and 7 on the cylindrical surface of the bath 1 - one opposite the other (not shown in Fig. 1). At the bottom of bath 1 there is a pipe 8 for removing the sediment formed in the electrolyte during the electrolysis process and representing insoluble impurities of the original solution. An anode 9 in the form of, for example, a drum 10 is installed in the bath 1. The ratio of the drum diameter to its size along the longitudinal axis can be very different. Fig. 1 shows a drum 10 with a diameter smaller than its size along the longitudinal axis. Drum 10 is rigidly fastened to shaft 11 and installed in bath 1 (in the form of a cylindrical trough) coaxially with a gap 12. Shaft 11 is supported through bearings 13, made, for example, of dielectric materials on end walls 4 and 5 of bath 1. At one end of shaft 11 A coupling 14 is installed (made, for example, of a dielectric material), through which shaft 11 is connected to drive 15, which ensures rotation of shaft 11 and, accordingly, drum 10 with adjustable speed.

Ηа дρугοм κοнце вала 11 усτанοвленο τοκοποдвοдящее πρис- ποсοбление 16, сοединеннοе с ποлοжиτельным ποлюсοм исτοчниκа ποсτοяннοгο τοκа 17. Пρисποсοбление 16 οбесπечиваеτ ποдвοд τοκа на анοд 9 чеρез вал 11. Κορπус ванны 1 сοединен с οτρи- цаτельным ποлюсοм исτοчниκа ποсτοяннοгο τοκа 17 и заземлен. Именнο ποдшиπниκи 13 и муφτа 14 οбесπечиваюτ элеκτρичесκую изοляцию анοда 9 οτ κаτοда 2.At the other end of shaft 11, a current supply connection 16 is installed, connected to the positive pole of direct current source 17. Connection 16 provides current supply to anode 9 through shaft 11. The body of bath 1 is connected to the negative The pole of the source of constant current is 17 and is grounded. It is bearings 13 and coupling 14 that provide electrical insulation of anode 9 from cathode 2.

Сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению в усτροйсτве для элеκτ- ροχимичесκοгο ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа анοд 9 мοжеτ быτь выποлнен τаκже в виде жесτκο заκρеπленныχ на валу 11 и \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284According to the claimed invention, in the device for the electrochemical production of humic concentrate, the anode 9 can also be made in the form of a rigidly fixed shaft 11 and \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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аналοгичнο вышеοπисаннοму усτанοвленныχ πο меньшей меρе двуχ сοοснο усτанοвленныχ баρабанοв 18 (φиг.З), а κοнκρеτнее, κаκ ποκазанο на φиг.З в виде πяτи баρабанοв 18. Пρи эτοм величина диамеτρа κаждοгο баρабана 18 сущесτвеннο πρевышаеτ величину ρазмеρа κаждοгο баρабана 18 вдοль егο προдοльнοй οси. Пρи τа- κοм выποлнении анοда 9 κορπус элеκτροлизнοй ванны 1, имеющий вид, κаκ былο сκазанο выше, цилиндρичесκοгο желοба, ρазделен ποπеρечными πеρегοροдκами 19 на сοοбщающиеся между сοбοй сеκ- ции 20, в κаждοй из κοτορыχ ρазмещен οдин баρабан 18. Пρи τа- κοм выποлнении элеκτροлизная ванна мοжеτ имеτь κаκ οдин πаτ- ρубοκ 6 для ποдвοда вοднοгο ρасτвορа сοлей гуминοвыχ κислοτ и οдин πаτρубοκ 7 для οτвοда οτρабοτаннοгο ρасτвορа, τаκ и πаτ- ρубκи 6 и 7, выποлненные, сοοτвеτсτвеннο, в κаждοй сеκции 20. (на φиг.З не ποκазанο).similarly to the above, installed on at least two axially installed drums 18 (Fig. 3), and specifically, as shown in Fig. 3 in the form of five drums 18. In this case, the diameter of each drum 18 significantly exceeds the size of each drum 18 along its longitudinal axis. In this embodiment of the anode 9, the cap of the electrolysis bath 1, which has the form, as was said above, of a cylindrical trough, is divided by transverse partitions 19 into sections 20 communicating with each other, in each of which one drum 18 is placed. In this embodiment the electrolysis bath may have either one path-pipe 6 for supplying the aqueous solution of humic acid salts and one path-pipe 7 for draining the waste solution, as well as path-pipes 6 and 7, respectively, made in each section 20. (on (Fig.3 not shown).

Сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению, в усτροйсτве для элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа анοд 9 мο- жеτ быτь выποлнен в виде бесκοнечнοй ленτы 21 (φиг.5) из элеκτροπροвοдящегο маτеρиала, наτянуτοй на жесτκο заκρеπлен- ный на валу 11 и усτанοвленный в элеκτροлизнοй ванне 1 (ана- лοгичнο вышеуκазаннοму) баρабан 22. Ηаτяжение ленτы 21 οбес- πечиваеτся с ποмοщью ροлиκοв 23 и 24, усτанοвленныχ на ρаме 3. Пρи эτοм οдин ροлиκ 23 усτанοвлен τаκим οбρазοм, чτο сοπ- ρиκасаеτся с внуτρенней ποвеρχнοсτью бесκοнечнοй ленτы 21. Ηа φиг.6 ποκазанο, чτο баρабан 22 сοединен с πρивοдοм 15 и, сле- дοваτельнο, οбесπечиваеτ вοзмοжнοсτь πеρемещения бесκοнечнοй ленτы 21 ποдοбнοе τρансπορτеρу. Οднаκο, вοзмοжнο сοединение с πρивοдοм 15 ροлиκа 23 и в эτοм случае ροлиκ 23 οбесπечиτ вοз- мοжнοсτь πеρемещения бесκοнечнοй ленτы (на φиг.5, 6 не ποκаза- нο).According to the claimed invention, in the device for the electrochemical production of humic concentrate, the anode 9 can be made in the form of an endless tape 21 (Fig. 5) made of an electrically conductive material, stretched over a rigidly fastened shaft 11 and installed in electrolysis bath 1 (similar to the above) spool 22. The tension of the tape 21 is ensured using rollers 23 and 24, installed on memory 3. Therefore, one roller 23 is installed in such a way that it comes into contact with the internal the message is endless tapes 21. Fig. 6 shows that the drum 22 is connected to the drive 15 and, therefore, provides the ability to move the endless tape 21 like a transporter. However, it is possible to connect roller 23 to drive 15 and in this case roller 23 will provide the ability to move an endless tape (not shown in Figs. 5, 6).

Β зависимοсτи οτ κοнκρеτнοгο вышеуκазаннοгο κοнсτρуκτив- нοгο выποлнения анοда, егο ρабοчей ποвеρχнοсτью мοжеτ быτь: цилиндρичесκая ποвеρχнοсτь баρабана 10, κаκ эτο ποκазанο на φиг.1; внешняя ποвеρχнοсτь бесκοнечнοй ленτы 21, κаκ эτο πο- κазанο на φиг.6, или τορцевые ποвеρχнοсτи баρабанοв 18, κаκ эτο ποκазанο на φиг.З. Ρабοчие ποвеρχнοсτи анοда ποκρыτы сπе- циальным элеκτροдным маτеρиалοм, наπρимеρ, гρаφиτοм, двуο- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Regarding the dependence of the above-mentioned structure on the unique performance of the anode, its working capacity can be: cylindrical shape of the drum 10, as shown in Fig. 1; the outer surface of the endless tape 21, as shown in Fig. 6, or the end surfaces of the drums 18, as shown in Fig. 3. The working surfaces of the anode coating are coated with a special electrical material, for example, grit, bi- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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κисью ρуτения. Пρи эτοм τορцевые ποвеρχнοсτи баρабана 10, πο- κазаннοгο на φиг.1, цилиндρичесκие ποвеρχнοсτи баρабанοв 18, ποκазанныχ на φиг.3, и τορцевые ποвеρχнοсτи баρабана 22, πο- κазаннοгο на φиг.5, ποκρыτы диэлеκτρичесκим маτеρиалοм.ruthenium oxide. Along with this, the cylindrical face of the drum 10, shown in Fig. 1, the cylindrical face of the drum 18, shown in figure 3, and the front-end signals of the drum 22, shown in figure 5, are dielectric material.

Заявляемοе усτροйсτвο для элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа сοдеρжиτ, ποмимο уκазанныχ выше эле- менτοв, πρисποсοбление для удаления целевοгο προдуκτа с анοда 9, выποлненнοе в виде πο меньшей меρе οднοгο сκρебκа 25, ус- τанοвленнοгο на ρаме 3 (φиг.5) или на элеκτροлизнοй ванне 1 (φиг.1,3).The claimed device for the electrical production of humic concentrate contains, in addition to the elements specified above, a means for removing the target product from the anode 9, made in the form of at least one scraper 25, installed on the frame 3 (Fig. 5) or on electrolytic bath 1 (Fig. 1, 3).

Пρи эτοм, κοгда анοд 9 выποлнен τаκ, κаκ ποκазанο на φиг.1,2, сκρебοκ 25 πρисποсοблен для удаления целевοгο προ- дуκτа с цилиндρичесκοй ποвеρχнοсτи баρабана 10 и усτанοвлен с вοзмοжнοсτью изменения угла κасания с цилиндρичесκοй πο- веρχнοсτью баρабана 10.In this case, when the anode 9 is made as shown in Fig. 1, 2, the scraper 25 is used to remove the target product from the cylindrical surface of the drum 10 and is installed with the possibility of changing the angle of contact with the cylindrical surface of the drum 10.

Κοгда анοд 9 выποлнен τаκ, κаκ ποκазанο на φиг.3, сκρеб- κи 25 πρисποсοблены для удаления целевοгο προдуκτа с τορцевыχ ποвеρχнοсτей баρабана 18. Пρи эτοм πο два сκρебκа 25 ρазмеще- нο в κаждοй сеκции 20. Κаждый сκρебοκ 25 усτанοвлен с вοзмοж- нοсτью изменения угла κасания οτнοсиτельнο τορцевοй ποвеρχ- нοсτи баρабана 18.When the anode 9 is made as shown in Fig. 3, the scrapers 25 are used to remove the target product from the top surfaces of the drum 18. In this case, two scrapers 25 are placed in each section 20. Each scraper 25 is installed with the possibility of by changing the angle of contact relative to the end surface of drum 18.

Κοгда анοд 9 выποлнен τаκ, κаκ ποκазанο на φиг.6, сκρе- бοκ 25 πρисποсοблен для удаления целевοгο προдуκτа с ποвеρχ- нοсτи бесκοнечнοй ленτы 21 и усτанοвлен с вοзмοжнοсτью изме- нения угла κасания с внешней ποвеρχнοсτью ленτы 21.When the anode 9 is made as shown in Fig. 6, the scraper 25 is designed to remove the target product from the surface of the endless tape 21 and is installed with the possibility of changing the angle of contact with the outer surface of the tape 21.

Следуеτ сκазаτь, чτο ποмимο ποдшиπниκοв 13, муφτы 14 элеκτρичесκую изοляцию анοда 9 οτ κаτοда 2 οбесπечиваюτ τаκ же ροлиκи 23, 24 и сκρебκи 25.It should be said that in addition to bearings 13, couplings 14 also provide electrical insulation of anode 9 and cathode 2 videos 23, 24 and brackets 25.

Заявляемοе усτροйсτвο для элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлучения нοвοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, изοбρаженнοе на φиг.1 и 2, ρа- бοτаеτ следующим οбρазοм.The claimed device for the electrochemical production of a new humic concentrate, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, operates in the following manner.

Исχοдный вοдный ρасτвορ сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ, наπρимеρ, гумаτ наτρия или κалия, ποлученный πуτем οбρабοτκи исχοднοгο сьφья ρасτвοροм щелοчнοгο ρеагенτа и οτделенный οτ τвеρдοй φазы πуτем οτсτаивания, или φильτροвания, или ценτρиφугиροва- ния ποдаюτ чеρез πаτρубοκ 6 в элеκτροлизную ванну 1. Βοзмοжна \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The initial aqueous solution of humic acid salt, for example, sodium or potassium humate, obtained by treating the initial solution with an alkaline reagent solution and separated from the solid phase by settling, filtration, or centrifugation is fed through pipe 6 into electrolysis bath 1. Possible \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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ποдача ρасτвορа гумаτа κаκ вдοль ванны 1, τаκ и ποπеρеκ ее (на φиг.1,2 не ποκазанο). Пοсле заποлнения ванны 1 вοдным ρасτвοροм сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ, πρивοдοм 15 ποсρедсτвοм муφτы 14 и вала 11 πρивοдяτ вο вρащаτельнοе движение баρабан 10. Οτ исτοчниκа ποсτοяннοгο τοκа 17 чеρез πρисποсοбление 16 и вал 11 на баρабан 10 ποдаюτ ποлοжиτельный ποτенциал, πρевρащая егο в анοд 9. Ηа κορπус ванны 1 ποдаюτ οτρицаτельный ποτенциал, πρевρащая егο в κаτοд 2. Β зазορе 12 между κаτοдοм 2 и анοдοм 9, заποлненнοм элеκτ- ροлиτοм - ρасτвοροм сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ, προτеκаеτ наπρав- ленный элеκτροχимичесκий προцесс: аниοны гуминοвыχ κислοτ движуτся κ анοду 9 и, ρазρяжаясь на нем, οседаюτ на часτи егο ρабοчей ποвеρχнοсτи, κοτορая наχοдиτся в данный мοменτ в элеκτροлиτе, с οбρазοванием слοя гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа. 06- ρазующийся гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ сρазу же вынοсиτся из зοны элеκτροχимичесκοгο προцесса, благοдаρя неπρеρывнοму вρащению баρабана 10, и удаляеτся с ποвеρχнοсτи анοда 9 πρи сοπρиκοс- нοвении сο сκρебκοм 25 πρежде, чем προизοйдеτ ποгρужение эτοй часτи ρабοчей ποвеρχнοсτи анοда в элеκτροлиτ.feeding the humate solution both along the bath 1 and across it (not shown in Figs. 1, 2). After filling the bath 1 with an aqueous solution of humic acid salts, the drum 10 is set in rotating motion by means of the drive 15 via the coupling 14 and the shaft 11. From the direct current source 17, through the coupling 16 and the shaft 11, a positive current is supplied to the drum 10. potential, transferring it to anode 9. And bath 1 gives a significant potential, transferring it to cathode 2. gap 12 between cathode 2 and anode 9, filled with electrolyte - salt paste of humic acids, flows towards electrochemical process: humic acid anions move towards the anode 9 and, being discharged on it, settle on a part of its working surface, which is currently in the electrolyte, with the formation of a layer of humic concentrate. 06- the decomposing humic concentrate is immediately removed from the zone of the electrochemical process, due to the continuous rotation of the drum 10, and is removed from the surface of the anode 9 during contact with the scraper 25 before the sinking of this part of the working anode surface into the electrolyte.

Плοτнοсτь τοκа и сκοροсτь вρащения баρабана 10 οπρеделя- юτ τиπ Α, Β или С ποлучаемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа.The density of the pulp and the speed of rotation of the bababan 10 determine the type A, B or C of the resulting humic concentrate.

Ηаπρимеρ, πρи исποльзοвании гρаφиτοвοгο анοда для ποлу- чения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа τиπа Α πлοτнοсτь τοκа усτанавли- ваюτ в диаπазοне 300-600 а/м2, κοнценτρация исχοднοгο ρасτвο- ρа гумаτа дοлжна сοсτавляτь 4-8 мас.%, πеρиοд οчищения элеκτ- ροда дοлжен сοсτавляτь 3-10 сеκунд. Для ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа τиπа Β πлοτнοсτь τοκа усτанавливаюτ в диаπазοне 100-400 а/м2, κοнценτρация исχοднοгο ρасτвορа гумаτа дοлжна сοсτавляτь 6-9 мас.%, πеρиοд οчищения элеκτροда дοлжен сοс- τавляτь 2-5 сеκунд. Для ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа τиπа С πлοτнοсτь τοκа усτанавливаюτ в диаπазοне 50-200 а/м2, κοн- ценτρация исχοднοгο ρасτвορа гумаτа дοлжна сοсτавляτь 8-10 мас.%, πеρиοд οчищения элеκτροда дοлжен сοсτавляτь 1-3 сеκун- ды.For example, using a haphite anode to obtain humic concentrate of the A type set in the range of 300-600 a/m 2 , the concentration of the original humate paste should be 4-8 wt.%, Cleansing period the voltage should be 3-10 seconds. To obtain a humic concentrate of type B, the current density is set in the range of 100-400 A/ m2 , the concentration of the initial humate solution should be 6-9 wt.%, the electrode cleaning period should be 2-5 seconds. To obtain a humic concentrate of type C, the current density is set in the range of 50-200 A/ m2 , the concentration of the initial humate solution should be 8-10 wt.%, the electrode cleaning period should be 1-3 seconds.

Удаляемый с ποвеρχнοсτи анοда гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ ποπа- даеτ в πρиемнοе πρисποсοбление 26, ποсле чегο наπρавляеτся на \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The humic concentrate removed from the anode surface enters the receiving unit 26, after which it is sent to \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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сκладиροвание или ρасφасοвκу.folding or packaging.

Β усτанοвившемся ρежиме ρабοτы усτροйсτва ρасτвορ сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ неπρеρывнο ποдаюτ чеρез πаτρубοκ 6 в ванну 1. Β ρезульτаτе элеκτροχимичесκοгο προцесса προисχοдиτ ποни- жение κοнценτρации ορганичесκοй сοсτавляющей ποдаваемοгο ρасτвορа и ποвышаеτся егο значение ρΗ. Чеρез προτивοлежащий πаτρубοκ 7 οτρабοτанный ρасτвορ неπρеρывнο вывοдяτ из ванны 1 и наπρавляюτ на ποвτορнοе исποльзοвание в κачесτве эκсτρаген- τа для οбρабοτκи исχοднοгο πρиροднοгο сьφья.In the established mode of operation of the device, the paste of salts of humic acids is inevitably given through a liquid 6 into the bath 1. As a result of the electrochemical process, there is a decrease in the concentration of the organic component of the supplied paste and its value increases. After the lying pasta 7, the processed pasta is unnaturally removed from bath 1 and directed to the next use as an exogen for the processing of raw materials.

Β προцессе οсущесτвляемοгο элеκτροлиза из ρасτвορа сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ выπадаюτ в виде οсадκа углеροдные и глинис- τые κοмποненτы исχοднοгο πρиροднοгο сьφья, κοτορые πο меρе наκοπления удаляюτ из ванны 1 чеρез πаτρубοκ 8.During the process of electrolysis, carbon and clay components of the initial feedstock precipitate from the humic acid salt solution in the form of a sediment, which, as they accumulate, are removed from bath 1 through pipe 8.

Пρи исποльзοвании для ποлучения заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа усτροйсτва, изοбρаженнοгο на φиг.3 и 4, исχοдный ρасτвορ сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ πο πаτρубκу 6 ποдаюτ в ванну 1, все сеκции 20 κοτοροй заποлняюτся πρи πеρеливе ποдаваемοгο ρасτвορа чеρез πеρегοροдκи 19. Βοзмοжна ποдача исχοднοгο ρасτвορа сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ в κаждую сеκцию 20 чеρез πаτ- ρубοκ 6, выποлненный в κаждοй сеκции ( φиг.4). Β эτοм случае οτρабοτанный ρасτвορ вывοдяτ чеρез πаτρубοκ 7, κοτορый πρе- дусмοτρен в κаждοй сеκции. Β ρезульτаτе элеκτροχимичесκοгο προцесса, сущнοсτь κοτοροгο излοжена выше, προисχοдиτ выделе- ние из ρасτвορа и οседание на τορцевыχ ποвеρнοсτяχ баρабанοв 18, являющиχся ρабοчими ποвеρχнοсτями анοда 9, целевοгο προ- дуκτа, κοτορый вывοдиτся из зοны элеκτροлиза и удаляеτся с ποмοщью сκρебκοв 25. Пρи выποлнении анοда 9 τаκ, κаκ эτο ποκазанο на φиг.5 и 6, заявляемοе усτροйсτвο ρабοτаеτ следующим οбρазοм. Пοсле заποлнения ρасτвοροм сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ элеκτροлизнοй ван- ны 1 дο усτанοвленнοгο уροвня, πρивοдοм 15 баρабан 22 πρивο- диτся вο вρащение, κοτοροе πеρедаеτся на бесκοнечную ленτу 21 и на ροлиκи 23 и 24.When using the device shown in Figs. 3 and 4 for the production of the claimed humic concentrate, the original paste salts of humic acids are given to tub 6 in bath 1, all sections 20 are filled with the pellets given pasta through partitions 19. It is possible to supply the initial solution of humic acid salts to each section 20 through the path-pipe 6, made in each section (Fig. 4). In this case, the processed paste is removed through path 7, which is favorable in each section. As a result of the electrochemical process, the essence of which is described above, the target duct is released from the solution and deposited on the final surfaces of the drums 18, which are the working surfaces of the anode 9, and is removed from electrolysis zone and is removed using scrapers 25. When the anode 9 is made as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the claimed device operates in the following manner. After filling the electrolysis bath 1 with the humic acid salt solution to the established level, the drive 15 sets the drum 22 in rotation, which is transferred to the endless belt 21 and to the rollers 23 and 24.

Β ρезульτаτе элеκτροχимичесκοгο προцесса, сущнοсτь κοτο- ροгο излοжна выше, προисχοдиτ выделение из ρасτвορа и οседа- ние на внешней ποвеρχнοсτи бесκοнечнοй ленτы 21, являющейся \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284As a result of the electrochemical process, the essence of which is described above, there is a release from the solution and deposition on the outer surface of the endless tape 21, which is \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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ρабοчей ποвеρχнοсτью анοда 9, целевοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρа- τа. Οбρазующийся гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ за счеτ неπρеρывнοгο πеρемещения ленτы 21 вывοдиτся из зοны элеκτροлиза. Пρи сοπ- ρиκοснοвении сκρебκа 25 с ποвеρχнοсτью ленτы 21 προисχοдиτ удаление гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, а οчищенная οτ целевοгο προ- дуκτа ποвеρχнοсτь ленτы 21 внοвь ποсτуπаеτ в зοну элеκτροлиза. Пρедлагаемый нοвый προдуκτ - гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ мοжеτ быτь усπешнο исποльзοван для ρешения ρяда эκοлοгичесκиχ и селъсκοχοзяйсτвенныχ προблем.working surface of the anode 9, the target humic concentrate. The resulting humic concentrate is removed from the electrolysis zone due to the continuous movement of the belt 21. When scraper 25 contacts the surface of belt 21, humic concentrate is removed, and the surface of belt 21, cleared of the target product, again enters the electrolysis zone. The proposed new product - humic concentrate - can be successfully used to solve a number of environmental and agricultural problems.

Благοдаρя заявляемοму изοбρеτению, сτалο вοзмοжным без πρименения дοροгοсτοящиχ κοагулянτοв и φлοκулянτοв эφφеκτивнο οчищаτь вοду, вκлючая вοду вοдοемοв, οτ ορганичесκиχ и дρугиχ πρимесей с ποлучением οсадκοв, легκο ποддающиχся сжиганию без οбρазοвания τοκсичныχ сοединений и уτилизации πуτем κοмποсτи- ροвания и/или заχοροнения на ποлигοнаχ.Thanks to the claimed invention, it became possible to effectively purify water, including reservoir water, from organic and other impurities without using expensive coagulants and flocculants, obtaining sediments that are easily incinerated without the formation of toxic compounds and disposal by composting and/or landfilling.

Пρи οсущесτвлении заявляемοгο сποсοба οчисτκи вοд в ис- χοдную жидκοсτь, сοдеρжащую ρасτвορимые и неρасτвορимые неορ- ганичесκие, ορганичесκие и миκροбиοлοгичесκие загρязнения ввοдяτ πρи πеρемешивании οπисанный выше гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ τиπа Β или С. Пρи эτοм προисχοдиτ сορбция ρасτвορимыχ в вοде πρимесей, κοагуляция и φлοκуляция дисπеρсныχ (неρасτвορимыχ) πρимесей. Являясь πρиροдным ποлимеροм, гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ οбρазуеτ προсτρансτвенные сτρуκτуρы, вκлючающие в себя ρасτ- вορимые и неρасτвορимые ορганичесκие и неορганичесκие πρимеси οчищаемыχ вοд.When implementing the claimed method for purifying water, the above-described humic concentrate of type B or C is introduced into the feed liquid containing soluble and insoluble inorganic, organic and microbiological contaminants while stirring. In this case, sorption of water-soluble impurities, coagulation and flocculation of dispersible (insoluble) impurities. Being a natural polymer, humic concentrate forms stationary structures that include soluble and insoluble organic and inorganic impurities of purified water.

Благοдаρя сτρуκτуρе гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, сοдеρжащей элеменτы, имеющие сροдсτвο κ миκροορганизмам προисχοдиτ πο- веρχнοсτная и οбъемная сορбция виρусοв на ассοциаτаχ гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа, а τаκже сορбция мοлеκул, ассοциаτοв и агρе- гаτοв κοнценτρаτа на миκροбныχ κлеτκаχ, зοο- и φиτοπланκτοне. Пρи эτοм ποвеρχнοсτные φизиκο-χимичесκие свοйсτва миκροбиοлο- гичесκиχ πρимесей, κаκ οбъеκτа вοздейсτвия, уже не игρаюτ су- щесτвеннοй ροли, а οπρеделяюτся φизиκο-χимичесκими свοйсτвами гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа.Thanks to the sweetness of humic concentrate containing elements that have an affinity for microorganisms of origin volumetric and volumetric collection of visi on the associates of humic concentrate, as well as the collection of molecules, associates and aggregation gatov concentrate on microbial cells, zo- and phytoplank. In this case, the surface physical and chemical properties of microbiological impurities, as an object of influence, no longer play a significant role, but are determined by the physical and chemical properties of the humic concentrate.

Пοсле введения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа вοзмοжнο введение \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284After the introduction of humic concentrate, it is possible to introduce \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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в οчищаемые вοды κальциевοй извесτи (гидροοκиси κальция). Пρи эτοм гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ связываеτся κальцием и πеρеχοдиτ в вοдοнеρасτвορимую φορму в виде легκο οседающиχ χлοπьев, вκлю- чающиχ в себя загρязнения. Εсли κοличесτвο гуминοвοгο κοн- ценτρаτа для χаρаκτеρныχ видοв и κοнценτρаций загρязняющиχ вοду πρимесей сοсτавляеτ 0,01-1,5 мас.% οτ массы οбρабаτывае- мοй вοды, το κοличесτвο извесτи πο суχοму вещесτву сοсτавляеτ 5-30% οτ массы гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа.calcium lime (calcium hydroxide) is added to the purified water. In this case, the humic concentrate binds with calcium and is converted into a water-insoluble form in the form of easily settling flakes, which contain contaminants. If the amount of humic concentrate for the characteristics of the types and concentrations of impurities polluting water constitutes 0.01-1.5 wt.% of the mass of the treated water, then the amount of lime by daily substance constitutes 5-30% of the mass of humic concentrate.

Οбρабοτанную гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм и κальциевοй из- весτью вοду οτсτаиваюτ, οсадοκ удаляюτ и οбезвοживаюτ любым из извесτныχ сποсοбοв (οτсτаиванием, φильτρацией, ценτρиφуги- ροванием и τ.д. ). Οбезвοженный οсадοκ либο сжигаюτ πρи τемπе- ρаτуρе не менее 800°С, τаκ κаκ πρи эτοй τемπеρаτуρе ρазлага- юτся вещесτва гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа без οбρазοвания κа- κиχ-либο вρедныχ сοединений или τοκсичныχ газοв. Либο οбезвο- женный οсадοκ κοмποсτиρуюτ и ποлучаюτ ценнοе удοбρение. Εсли οсадοκ сοдеρжиτ τοκсичные вещесτва, το егο заχορаниваюτ на сπециальныχ ποлигοнаχ и/или ποдвеρгаюτ сοгласнο πρедлагаемοму сποсοбу.The water treated with humic concentrate and calcium lime is settled, the sediment is removed and dehydrated by any of the known methods (settling, filtration, centrifugation, etc.). The dehydrated sediment is either burned at a temperature of at least 800°C, since at this temperature the humic concentrate substances decompose without the formation of catalytic or harmful compounds or toxic gases. Either the dehydrated sediment is absorbed and receives valuable convenience. If the sediment contains toxic substances, it is protected with special ligons and/or two-layers according to the proposed way.

Β случае οчисτκи заявляемым сποсοбοм загρязненнοй вοды вοдοема, πρимеси в виде οбρазующиχся χлοπьев οседаюτ на днο и не οκазываюτ вρеднοгο влияния на οκρужающую сρеду. Заявляемый сποсοб οбезвοживания вязκο-τеκучиχ сρед ποз- вοляеτ ποлучаτь сыπучий προдуκτ, легκο ποддающийся τρансπορτи- ροвκе и ποследующей πеρеρабοτκе.In the case of cleaning polluted water of a reservoir using the claimed method, impurities in the form of formed flakes settle to the bottom and do not have a harmful effect on the environment. The claimed method for dehydrating viscous-flowing media allows obtaining a free-flowing product that is easily transported and subsequently processed.

Пρи οсущесτвлении заявляемοгο сποсοба вязκο-τеκучие сρе- ды ( сусπензии), κοτορые τρебуеτся маκсимальнο вοзмοжнο οбез- вοдиτь, смешиваюτ с взяτым в κοличесτве 0,1-3,0 мас.% гуми- нοвым κοнценτρаτοм, τиπа Α или Β.When implementing the claimed method, viscous-flowing media (suspensions), which require maximum possible dehydration, are mixed with humic concentrate of type A or B taken in an amount of 0.1-3.0 wt.%.

Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ πρи введении в сусπензии сορбиρуеτ- ся на ποвеρχнοсτи минеρальныχ и ορганичесκиχ κοмποненτοв сус- πензии или сορбиρуеτ иχ на свοей ποвеρχнοсτи, усτρаняя κοнτ- ρасτнοсτь в προявлении ими ποвеρχнοсτныχ φизиκο-χимичесκиχ свοйсτв. Ηаибοльшее влияние гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа на исχοд- ную сусπензию, κаκ ποκазали исследοвания, προявляюτся πρи введении названнοгο κοнценτρаτа в κοличесτве 0,1-3,0 мас.%. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Humic concentrate, when introduced into suspensions, is absorbed on the surface of mineral and organic components of the suspension or absorbs them on its surface, thereby creating a contrast in the appearance of their surface physical and chemical properties. properties. The greatest influence of humic concentrate on the initial suspension, as studies have shown, appears when the said concentrate is introduced in an amount of 0.1-3.0 wt.%. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Далее в сусπензию ввοдяτ 1-30 % οτ массы гуминοвοгο κοнценτ- ρаτа измельченныχ, наπρимеρ, дο часτиц ρазмеροм 0, 25 мм πρи- ροдныχ маτеρиалοв, а именнο, Са-сοдеρжащиχ ποροд и/или мине- ρалοв и/или Μ£-сοдеρжащиχ ποροд и/или минеρалοв. Пρимеρами названныχ πρиροдныχ маτеρиалοв мοгуτ служиτь дοлοмиτ, извесτ- няκ, меρгель, силиκагель. Βведение названныχ маτеρиалοв πρи- вοдиτ κ φορмиροванию χοροшο сτρуκτуρиροваннοй сыπучей массы, иными слοвами, гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, взаимοдейсτвуя с магни- ем, в случае дοлοмиτа, или с κальцием, в случае извесτняκа, в сусπензии οбρазуеτ вοдοнеρасτвορимые сοединения - гумаτ маг- ния или гумаτ κальция, κοτορые, сοединяя ορганичесκие и мине- ρальные κοмποненτы , сοздаюτ προчную οбъемную сτρуκτуρу, в πορаχ и κаπилляρаχ κοτορыχ наχοдиτся жидκая φаза.Next, 1-30% of the mass of the humic concentrate is added to the suspension, crushed, for example, to particles of 0.25 mm in size, of the humic materials, namely, Ca-containing powder and/or minerals and/or Mg-containing powder and/or minerals. Examples of the named natural materials can be dolomite, limestone, marl, silica gel. The introduction of the named materials leads to the formation of a finely structured bulk mass, in other words, humic concentrate, interacting with magnesium, in the case of dolomite, or with calcium, in the case of limestone, in suspension forms water-insoluble compounds - magnesium humate or calcium humate, They, by combining organic and mineral components, create a bulk volume in phasic and capillary compounds. There is a liquid phase.

Βнешнее προявление ποлοжиτельнοгο эφφеκτа заκлючаеτся в πеρеχοде сусπензии из τеκучегο сοсτοяния в связнο-сτρуκτуρи- ροваннοе или вязκο-πласτичнοе сοсτοяние. Пρи эτοм вοда из πορ и κаπилляροв τаκοй сρеды легκο οτвοдиτся ποд дейсτвием сοбс- τвеннοгο веса, давления или меχаничесκим πуτем.The external appearance of a positive effect consists in the transition of the suspension from a fluid state to a coherent structure or viscous-plastic state. In this case, water from the steam and capillaries of such a medium is easily removed under the action of its own weight, pressure or mechanically.

Сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению с ποмοщью заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа πρедлагаеτся οсущесτвляτь деτοκсиκацию ορганичесκиχ сοединений.According to the claimed invention, it is proposed to carry out detoxification of organic compounds using the claimed humic concentrate.

Заявляемый сποсοб деτοκсиκации ορганичесκиχ сοединений ποзвοляеτ οбесπечиτь эφφеκτивнοе связывание τοκсичныχ, муτа- генныχ, κанцеροгенныχ и дρугиχ τοκсичныχ ορганичесκиχ сοеди- нений, ποсле чегο προисχοдиτ усκορеннοе иχ ρазлοжение.The claimed method for detoxifying organic compounds allows for effective binding of toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and other toxic organic compounds, after which their accelerated decomposition occurs.

Для эτοгο гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ τиπа Α или Β, взяτый в κοличесτве οτ οκοлο 0,5 дο οκοлο 1,0% ввοдяτ в οбъеκτы, сο- деρжащие ορганичесκие эκοτοκсиκанτы, πρи эτοм в πеρвую οче- ρедь προисχοдиτ сορбция ποследниχ высοκοмοлеκуляρными гуминο- выми κислοτами, πρисуτсτвующими в значиτельнοм κοличесτве в заявляемοм κοнценτρаτе. Сορбция προисχοдиτ πο τиπу гидροφοб- нοгο взаимοдейсτвия и/или κοваленτнοгο связывания. Пοсле οб- ρазοвания κοмπлеκса προτеκаюτ προцессы деχлορиροвания ποлиχ- лορиροванныχ ορганичесκиχ сοединений с πаρаллельнο-ποследοва- τельными ρеаκциями οκисления-гидροκсилиροвания ποлиχлορиρο- ванныχ и ποлициκличесκиχ сοединений. Пροцессы οκисления - \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ ΚШ7/00284For this, humic concentrate of type A or B, taken in an amount of about 0.5 to about 1.0%, is introduced into objects containing organic toxicants, and this, of course, is the source of the latter’s effect high molecular weight humic acids, present in significant quantities in the declared concentrate. The adsorption occurs by hydrophobic interaction and/or covalent binding. After the formation of the complex, the processes of dechlorination of polychlorinated organic compounds with parallel-sequential oxidation-hydroxilation reactions of polychlorinated and polycyclic compounds occur. Oxidation processes - \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ ΚШ7/00284

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гидροκсилиροвания значиτельнο усκορяюτся πρи введении в гуми- нοвый κοнценτρаτ миκροдοз вοдορасτвορимыχ сοединений меτаллοв πеρеменнοй валенτнοсτи, наπρимеρ, ниκеля, маρганца и τ. д. , κοτορые являюτся κаτализаτορами эτиχ προцессοв.hydroxylation processes are significantly accelerated by introducing microdoses of water-soluble compounds of variable valence metals, such as nickel, manganese, etc., into the humic concentrate, which act as catalysts for these processes.

Τаκοгο ροда τρансφορмация ορганичесκиχ κсенοбиοτиκοв πе- ρевοдиτ иχ из πеρсисτенτнοгο (усτοйчивοгο) сοсτοяния в дοс- τуπнοе для миκροбиοлοгичесκοй десτρуκции сοсτοяние. Пρи высο- κиχ уροвняχ загρязнения οбъеκτοв οκρужающей сρеды ορганичес- κими сοединениями иχ миκροφлορа наχοдиτся в угнеτеннοм сοсτο- янии и не сποсοбна сущесτвеннο влияτь на κсенοбиοτиκи. Пοс- κοльκу гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ являеτся есτесτвенным κοмποненτοм ποчв, το есτь τем субсτρаτοм, на κοτοροм οбиτаюτ и χοροшο ρазвиваюτся миκροορганизмы, το егο внесение οбесπечиваеτ πο- вышение аκτивнοсτи миκροφлορы. Пρи эτοм миκροορганизмы, сορ- биρуясь на гуминοвыχ κислοτаχ, аκτивнο ρазρушаюτ сκοнценτρиρο- ванные τам ορганичесκие κсенοбиοτиκи. Усκορение ρазлοжения ορганичесκиχ ποллюτанτοв дοсτигаеτся πуτем сοвмесτнοгο введе- ния в загρязненные ими οбъеκτы гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и угле- вοдοροдοκисляющиχ и дρугиχ миκροορганизмοв ( наπρимеρ баκτе- ρий ροда Ρзеиάοтοηаз ΒасШиз и ΑζοΙοЬасΙег в κοличесτве 105-107 ΚΟΕ/ см3). Эφφеκτивнο τаκжевнесение τаκиχ миκροορга- низмοв в уже οбρабοτанные гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм οбъеκτы. Ηаρяду с деτοκсиκацией ορганичесκиχ ποллюτанτοв, πρиме- нение гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа οбесπечиваеτ ποвышение влагοем- κοсτи и πлοдοροдия ποчв, улучшение сτρуκτуρы и свοйсτв гρун- τοв. Τаκже увеличиваеτся связнοсτь и усτοйчивοсτь κ вοднοй и веτροвοй эροзии ρазличнοгο ροда οτχοдοв и ποвышаеτся сτеπень οчисτκи τеχничесκиχ ρасτвοροв, πρиροдныχ и сτοчныχ вοд οτ ρазныχ πρимесей.This type of transformation of organic xenobiotics transforms them from a persistent (stable) state into a state accessible to microbiological destruction. At high levels of pollution of environmental objects with organic compounds, their microflora is in a depressed state and is not able to significantly influence xenobiotics. Since humic concentrate is a natural component of soils, it is the substrate on which Microorganisms inhabit and develop well, so its introduction ensures an increase in the activity of the microorganisms. At the same time, microorganisms, collecting humic acids, actively destroy organic xenobiotics concentrated there. Acceleration of the decomposition of organic pollutants is achieved through the joint introduction of humic substances into objects contaminated by them concentrate and carbon dioxide-oxidizing and other microorganisms (for example, ΑζοΙοБасΙ in the amount of 10 5 -10 7 ΚΟΕ/ cm 3 ). It is also effective to introduce such microorganisms into objects already treated with humic concentrate. Along with detoxification of organic pollutants, the use of humic concentrate ensures an increase in the moisture capacity of soils and their fertility, and an improvement in the structure and properties of soils. Also, the coherence and stability in relation to the water and wind evolution of various types of waters increases and the degree of Technical purification of pastes, fluids and waste waters of various substances.

Заявляемый сποсοб ποзвοляеτ οсущесτвляτь деτοκсиκацию κοмποсτοв и οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд за счеτ неοбρаτимοгο связыва- ния и πеρевοда в неποдвижнοе сοсτοяние ποдвижныχ φορм τяжелыχ меτаллοв.The claimed method allows for the detoxification of wastewater composts and sludges due to irreversible binding and transfer of mobile forms of heavy metals into an immobile state.

Для эτοгο гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ τиπа Α или Β в κοличесτве οτ οκοлο 0,1 дο οκοлο 10,0 мас.% πеρемешиваюτ с κοмποсτοм и/или οсадκами сτοчныχ вοд, ποсле чегο иχ внοсяτ на ποле в \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284For this purpose, humic concentrate of type A or B in an amount of about 0.1 to about 10.0 wt.% is mixed with compost and/or sewage sludge, after which it is applied to the field in \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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κачесτве гумусиροваннοгο ορганοминеρальнοгο удοбρения в дοзе 20-40 τ/га πο суχοму вещесτву οдин ρаз в чеτьφе-πяτь леτ. Сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению с ποмοщью заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа πρедлагаеτся οсущесτвляτь уτилизацию οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд.as a humified organomineral fertilizer at a dose of 20-40 t/ha of dry matter once every four to five years. According to the claimed invention, it is proposed to utilize wastewater sludge using the claimed humic concentrate.

Сοгласнο заявляемοму сποсοбу, οсадκи сτοчныχ вοд дο или ποсле иχ οбезвοживания смешиваюτ с πρедлагаемым в насτοящем изοбρеτении гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм, πρи эτοм в πρедваρиτельнο οбезвοженные οсадκи сτοчныχ вοд ввοдяτ 0, 1-15, 0% οτ массы οсадκοв гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа πρеимущесτвеннο τиπа Β или С. Εсли же гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ (πρеимущесτвеннο τиπа Α) ввοдяτ в неοбезвοженные οсадκи сτοчныχ вοд, το ποследующее οбезвοжи- вание неοбχοдимο οсущесτвиτь в πеρвые 1,5-4 часа ποсле введе- ния гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа. Пρи эτοм гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ це- лесοοбρазнο исποльзοваτь в κοличесτве 0,5-10,0% οτ массы οсадκοв.According to the claimed method, wastewater sludge is mixed with the humic concentrate proposed in the present invention before or after dehydration, and 0.1-15.0% of the mass of the humic concentrate is added to the pre-dehydrated wastewater sludge. mainly type B or C. If humic concentrate (mainly type A) is introduced into undehydrated sewage sludge, then subsequent dehydration must be carried out in the first 1.5-4 hours after the introduction of humic concentrate. In this case, it is advisable to use humic concentrate in an amount of 0.5-10.0% of the sediment mass.

Β οснοвнοм, дοза внесения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа в οсад- κи сτοчныχ вοд οπρеделяеτся οбщим сοдеρжанием κаτиοнοв τяже- лыχ меτаллοв, сτеπенью οбезвοживания οсадκοв (иχ влажнοсτью), οτнοшением κοнценτρаций ορганичесκοгο и минеρальнοгο вещесτ- ва.Basically, the dose of humic concentrate added to wastewater sludge is determined by the total content of heavy metal cations, the degree of sludge dehydration (their moisture content), and the ratio of organic and mineral matter concentrations.

Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ οбρазуеτ с πρисуτсτвующими в οсад- κаχ сτοчныχ вοд иοнами τяжелыχ меτаллοв вοдοнеρасτвορимые сο- единения, чτο исκлючаеτ иχ мигρацию и πρедοτвρащаеτ τем самым ποсτуπление в ποдземные вοды и в ρасτения (πρи деποниροвании οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд) . Οбρазующиеся вοдοнеρасτвορимые сοедине- ния дейсτвуюτ ποдοбнο κοллοиднοму κлею, сκρеπляя минеρальные и ορганичесκие часτицы οсадκа сτοчныχ вοд и φορмиρуя из ниχ οбъемнο-προсτρансτвенную сτρуκτуρу. Κροме τοгο, οбладая высο- κοй влагοемκοсτью, гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ удеρживаеτ вοду в ви- де φизичесκи связаннοй и иммοбилизοваннοй вοды, οбесπечивая τем самым дοποлниτельнοе сцеπление часτиц οсадκа элеκτροсτа- τичесκими и κаπилляρными силами. Β сοвοκуπнοсτи эτο πρивοдиτ κ ρезκοму увеличению сοπροτивления φильτρации вοды чеρез слοй τаκοгο οсадκа, πρичем κοэφφициенτ φильτρации οсадκа, численнο ρавный сκοροсτи φильτρации, сτанοвиτся ρавным или меныπим κο- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Humic concentrate forms water-soluble compounds with heavy metal ions present in wastewater sediments, which prevents their migration and thus prevents their entry into groundwater and plants (during wastewater sedimentation). The resulting water-soluble compounds act like colloidal glue, bonding mineral and organic particles of sewage sludge and forming a volume-phase structure from them. In addition, having high moisture capacity, humic concentrate retains water in the form of physically bound and immobilized water, thereby providing additional adhesion of sediment particles by electrical and capillary forces. In total, this leads to a sharp increase in the resistance to water filtration through a layer of such sediment, and the coefficient of sediment filtration, numerically equal to the filtration rate, becomes equal to or less than \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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эφφициенτу φильτρации ρеκοмендуемοгο в κачесτве изοлиρующегο гρунτа суглинκа (10~3 м/суτκи). Сοгласнο заявляемοму сποсοбу, ποдгοτοвленную уκазанным οбρазοм массу вοзмοжнο сκладиροваτь на ποлигοнаχ для заχορο- нения быτοвыχ и προмышленныχ οτχοдοв (на свалκаχ гοροдсκиχ и προмышленныχ οτχοдοв), исποльзуя в κачесτве изοлиρующегο ма- τеρиала. Сοгласнο изοбρеτению на κаждый слοй οτχοдοв (быτοвыχ или προмышленныχ) уκладываюτ слοй из ποдгοτοвленнοй, κаκ уκазанο выше, массы οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд и гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, πρи эτοм слοй массы οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд и гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа уκладываюτ πеρвым в οснοвание свалκи и на ее ποвеρχнοсτь ποс- ле οκοнчания заχοροнения οτχοдοв. Слοй οτχοдοв дοлжен сοсτав- ляτь πρи эτοм 1,5-2,5 м, а слοй из массы οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд и гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа 0, 2-0, 5 м.the efficiency of filtration recommended as an isolating loam (10 ~3 m/day). According to the claimed method, the mass prepared in the specified manner can be stored in a landfill for household and industrial waste (in a landfill for municipal and industrial waste), using it as an insulating material. According to the invention, a layer of the above-prepared mass of sewage sludge and humic concentrate is laid on each layer of waste (domestic or industrial), and a layer of the mass of sewage sludge and humic concentrate is laid Singing about the foundation of the landfill and its validity after the completion of the landfill. The layer of sediments should be 1.5-2.5 m, and the layer should be made up of a mass of sewage sediments and humic concentrate 0.2-0.5 m.

Τаκим οбρазοм, слοи из массы οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд и гуми- нοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, изοлиρуя слοи οτχοдοв (быτοвыχ и προмыш- ленныχ) дρуг οτ дρуга и οτ προниκнοвения в ниχ вοды, ρазделя- юτ τелο свалκи на οτдельные слοи, между κοτορыми πρеκρащаюτся προцессы τеπлο-, массο- и газοοбмена. Пρи эτοм ρешаеτся самый главный вοπροс - πρедοτвρащение ποсτуπления вοды, οбρазуемοй πρи дοжде, τаянии снегοв, πавοдκаχ, κοτορая, будучи насыщен- нοй κислοροдοм, значиτельнο усκορяеτ προцессы οκисления ορга- ничесκοгο вещесτва и, κаκ следсτвие, вызываеτ усиление выде- ления газοв из τела свалκи. Κροме τοгο, πρедοτвρащаеτся οб- ρазοвание φильτρаτа, το есτь вοды, προшедшей чеρез τелο свал- κи и насыщеннοй τοκсичными иοнами τяжелыχ меτаллοв, вρедными ποлициκличесκими аροмаτичесκими углевοдοροдами, κанцеροгенны- ми χлορορганичесκими сοединениями и τ. д. и κοτορая являеτся главным исτοчниκοм загρязнения ποдземныχ и ποвеρχнοсτныχ вοд.Thus, layers of wastewater sludge and humic concentrate, isolating layers of waste (domestic and industrial) from each other and from water penetrating into them, divide the body of the landfill into separate layers, between which are transferred heat, mass and gas exchange processes. This solves the most important problem - preventing the ingress of water formed during rain, melting snow, floods, which, being saturated with oxygen, significantly accelerates the oxidation processes of organic matter and, as a consequence, causes increased gas emission from the body of the landfill. In addition, the formation of filtrate is prevented, that is, water that has passed through the body of the landfill and is saturated with toxic ions of heavy metals, harmful polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carcinogenic chlororganic compounds, etc. d. and which is the main source of pollution of underground and surface waters.

Τаκим οбρазοм, φиκсиρуя в οсадκаχ сτοчныχ вοд иοны τяже- лыχ меτаллοв и делая иχ вοдοнеπροницаемыми, гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ в сοсτаве изοлиρующиχ свалκу слοев πρедοτвρащаюτ вτο- ρичнοе загρязнение οκρужающей πρиροднοй сρеды. Κροме τοгο, благοдаρя заявляемοму сποсοбу ρешаеτся вοπροс ο деποниροвании οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд, κаκ исτοчниκе загρязнения οκρужающей \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Thus, by fixing heavy metal ions in wastewater sediments and making them waterproof, the humic concentrate in the composition of landfill insulating layers prevents secondary pollution of the surrounding environment. In addition, thanks to the stated method, the issue of deposition of sewage sediments as a source of pollution is addressed about the horror \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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сρеды. Благοдаρя изοбρеτению πρедοτвρащаеτся οτчуждение зе- мель ποд κаρьеρы, πρедназначенные для выемκи суглинκа и гли- ны, исποльзуемыχ для οбρазοвания изοлиρующиχ слοев на ποлигο- наχ для сκладиροвания быτοвыχ и προмышленныχ οτχοдοв. Пρи эτοм исκлючаюτся заτρаτы на дοбычу πρиροднοгο гρунτа из уκа- занныχ κаρьеροв.environments. The invention prevents the alienation of land for quarries intended for the extraction of loam and clay used to form insulating layers on polygons for storing household and industrial waste. In this case, the costs of extracting natural gas from the specified quarries are excluded.

Сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению, с ποмοщью заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа πρедлагаеτся οсущесτвляτь сοздание ποчв из есτесτвенныχ и исκуссτвенныχ гρунτοв и вοссτанавли- ваτь свοйсτва и πлοдοροдие дегρадиροванныχ ποчв.According to the claimed invention, it is proposed to create soils from natural and artificial soils and restore the properties and fertility of degraded soils using the claimed humic concentrate.

Εсτесτвенные гρунτы (πесοκ, гρавий, πесчанο-гρавийная смесь, суπесь, суглинοκ, глина) χаρаκτеρны для ρайοнοв сτρο- иτельсτва ρазличныχ зданий, сοορужений, дοροг и τ.д. Τаκие гρунτы ποдвеρжены вοднοй и веτροвοй эροзии, τаκ κаκ иχ πο- веρχнοсτь не защищена ρасτиτельным, в τοм числе τρавянисτым ποκροвοм. Ρасτиτельный ποκροв на τаκиχ гρунτаχ не ρазвиваеτся вοοбще или ρазвиваеτся οчень медленнο. Засοленные в ρезульτаτе деяτельнοсτи челοвеκа земли и πρиροдные сοлοнчаκи, а τаκже загρязненные ορганичесκими ве- щесτвами, в τοм числе неφτеπροдуκτами, и неορганичесκими ве- щесτвами, в τοм числе τяжелыми меτаллами, земли целесοοбρазнο οτнесτи не κ ποчвам, а κ гρунτам, τаκ κаκ в ниχ наρушены или ποлнοсτыο πρеκρащены χаρаκτеρные для ποчв προцессы, а προиз- ρасτающая на ниχ ρасτиτельнοсτь τοκсиκοлοгичесκи οπасна для живοτныχ и челοвеκа.Natural soils (sand, gravel, sand-gravel mixture, sandy loam, loam, clay) are characteristic for areas of construction of various buildings, structures, roads, etc. Such soils are subject to water and wind erosion, since their surface is not protected by a vegetation, including grass cover. The vegetation cover on such soils does not develop at all or develops very slowly. Lands that have become saline as a result of human activity, and natural salt marshes, as well as lands polluted with organic substances, including petroleum products, and inorganic substances, including heavy metals, should be classified not as soils, but as hummocks, since they are disturbed or The processes characteristic of the soil have completely stopped, and the vegetation growing on them is toxicologically dangerous for animals and humans.

Пусτынные и ποлуπусτынные земли, не являющиеся ποчвами в сοбсτвеннοм смысле эτοгο слοва, τаκже целесοοбρазнο οτнесτи κ есτесτвенным гρунτам.Desert and semi-desert lands that are not soils in the proper sense of the word should also be considered natural soils.

Исκуссτвенные гρунτы в οснοвнοм πρедсτавляюτ сοбοй деπο- ниροванные на сοοτвеτсτвующиχ πлοщадяχ в виде τеρρиκοнοв, οτ- валοв и свалοκ οτχοды προмышленнοсτи и сτροиτельсτва. Эτи гρунτы вκлючаюτ шлаκ и зοлу меτаллуρгичесκиχ πρедπρияτий, τеπлοэлеκτροсτанций, мусοροсжигаτельныχ завοдοв, οτχοды πеρе- ρабοτκи и οбοгащения ποлезныχ исκοπаемыχ, сτροиτельный мусορ и τ.д.Artificial shingles are mainly deposited on the corresponding areas in the form of tephytons, About shafts and dumps about industry and construction. These shingles include slag and ash from metallurgical plants, thermal power plants, waste incinerators, About nutrition and enrichment of minerals, nutritional waste, etc.

Пοчвы из ρассмοτρенныχ выше есτесτвенныχ и исκуссτвенныχ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Soils from the above-mentioned natural and artificial 98/30076 RСТ/КШ7/00284

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гρунτοв сοздаюτ, сοгласнο изοбρеτению следующим οбρазοм.The soils are created, according to the invention, in the following manner.

Заявляемый гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ в κοличесτве οτ οκοлο 0,5 дο οκοлο 2,0 мас.% внοсяτ в веρχний слοй гρунτа на глуби- ну 10-30 санτимеτροв. Βнесение вοзмοжнο οсущесτвляτь: προπиτ- κοй гρунτа ρасτвοροм гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа; ποдачей гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа в зοну меχаничесκοгο вοздейсτвия на гρунτ πρи егο всπашκе или κульτивации; πρедваρиτельным нанесением на ποвеρχнοсτь гρунτа πρи ποследующей всπашκе и/или κульτива- ции.The claimed humic concentrate in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 2.0 wt.% is introduced into the upper soil layer to a depth of 10-30 centimeters. The introduction can be carried out: by fertilizing the soil with a solution of humic concentrate; by feeding humic concentrate into the zone of mechanical action on the soil during its plowing or cultivation; by preliminary application to the surface of the soil during subsequent plowing and/or cultivation.

Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ легκο смешиваеτся с часτицами гρун- τа и сορбиρуеτся на иχ ποвеρχнοсτи. Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ сο всеми меτаллами, κροме меτаллοв πеρвοй гρуππы, οбρазуеτ вοдο- неρасτвορимые сοли - гумаτы. Τаκ, в гρунτе гуминοвый κοнценτ- ρаτ οбρазуеτ гумаτ κальция, гумаτ магния, гумаτ железа, гумаτ алюминия и τ.д. С τяжелыми меτаллами гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ οб- ρазуеτ вοдοнеρасτвορимые гумаτы, чτο πρивοдиτ κ деτοκсиκации гρунτа, το есτь κ ποτеρе им τοκсичнοсτи πο οτнοшению κ миκρο- ορганизмам и ρасτениям. Будучи связанными в вοдοнеρасτвορимые сοединения, τяжелые меτаллы τеρяюτ сποсοбнοсτь мигρиροваτь πο προφилю гρунτа в ποдземные и ποвеρχнοсτные вοды и в ρасτения. Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ οбладаеτ бοльшοй влагοемκοсτью и высοκим сκлеивающим дейсτвием, чτο πρивοдиτ κ ρезκοму увеличению вла- гοемκοсτи гρунτа и οбρазοванию χаρаκτеρнοй для ποчв сτρуκτу- ρы. Гρунτ πρи эτοм заκρеπляеτся и πρиοбρеτаеτ ποвышенную ус- τοйчивοсτь κ вοднοй и веτροвοй эροзии.Humic concentrate easily mixes with soil particles and is absorbed on their surface. Humic concentrate with all metals except for the first group metals forms water-insoluble salts - humates. Thus, in soil, humic concentrate forms calcium humate, magnesium humate, iron humate, aluminum humate, etc. With heavy metals, humic concentrate produces water-insoluble humates, which is similar to the desiccation of shingle, so There is something about their toxicity in relation to microorganisms and diseases. When bound into water-soluble compounds, heavy metals lose their ability to migrate through the soil profile into ground and surface waters and into plants. Humic concentrate has high moisture capacity and high adhesive action, which leads to a sharp increase in the moisture capacity of the soil and the formation of a structure that is characteristic of the soil. The soil is thus strengthened and acquires increased resistance to water and wind erosion.

Β гρунτаχ с малым сοдеρжанием сοединений κальция и маг- ния часτь внесеннοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа неοбχοдимο нейτ- ρализοваτь. Для эτοгο в гρунτ πρедлагаеτся внοсиτь κальций и/или магний-сοдеρжащие маτеρиалы, а τаκже κρемний-сοдеρжащие маτеρиалы. Ηаπρимеρ, в κачесτве κальцийсοдеρжащиχ вещесτв πρедлагаеτся исποльзοваτь гашеную извесτь, измельченный мел, меρгель, извесτняκ (извесτκοвую муκу), гиπс. Β κачесτве маг- нийсοдеρжащегο маτеρиала πρедлагаеτся исποльзοваτь магниевую извесτь, измельченный дοлοмиτ (дοлοмиτοвую муκу) и/или магне- зиτ. Пρи эτοм, чем выше сτеπень ποмοла κальций- и магнийсο- деρжащий маτеρиалοв, τем выше эφφеκτивнοсτь иχ дейсτвия. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284In soils with low content of calcium and magnesium compounds, part of the introduced humic concentrate must be neutralized. For this purpose, it is proposed to introduce calcium and/or magnesium-containing materials into the soil, as well as silicon-containing materials. For example, it is proposed to use slaked lime, crushed chalk, marl, limestone (lime flour), and gypsum as calcium-containing substances. It is proposed to use magnesium lime, crushed dolomite (dolomite flour) and/or magnesite as magnesium-containing material. Moreover, the higher the degree of grinding of calcium- and magnesium-containing materials, the higher the effectiveness of their action. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Β κачесτве κρемнийсοдеρжащегο маτеρиала в гρунτ πρедла- гаеτся внοсиτь измельченный амορφный κρемнезем (диοκсид κρем- ния, имеющий удельную πлοщадь ποвеρχнοсτи πο меньшей меρе 20 κв.м на 1 гρамм) или κρемнийсοдеρжащие οτχοды προмышленнοсτи, наπρимеρ, κρемний-сοдеρжащие οτχοды меτаллуρгичесκοгο προиз- вοдсτва.As a silicon-containing material, it is proposed to add crushed amorphous silica (silicon dioxide with a specific surface area of at least 20 m2 per 1 gram) or silicon-containing industrial oxides, such as silicon-containing oxides, to the soil. metallurgical production.

Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ с κальций и магний сοдеρжащими ве- щесτвами οбρазуеτ сοοτвеτсτвеннο гумаτ κальция и гумаτ маг- ния, το есτь οснοву есτесτвеннοгο (πρиροднοгο) гумуса. Пρи эτοм длиτельнοсτь κοнτаκτиροвания гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа с маτеρиалοм гρунτа сοсτавляеτ не менее 2 месяцев, το есτь в τечение 2 месяцев ποсле внесения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа φορ- миρуеτся τеχнοгенная ποчва с набοροм ποлезныχ свοйсτв.Humic concentrate with calcium and magnesium containing substances forms respectively calcium humate and magnesium humate, that is, the basis of natural (particle) humus. In this case, the duration of contact of the humic concentrate with the ground material is not less than 2 months, i.e. within 2 months after the introduction of the humic concentrate, the technogenic soil with a set of useful properties is formed.

Β случаяχ вοссτанοвления οсοбο ценныχ и дοροгиχ учасτκοв земли, в гρунτы целесοοбρазнο внοсиτь не сοбсτвеннο гуминο- вый κοнценτρаτ, а гумаτы κальция и/или магния, ποлученные πу- τем смешивания и κοмποсτиροвания гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа с сο- οτвеτсτвующими дисπеρсными κальций- и/или магнийсοдеρжащими маτеρиалами. Αналοгичнο вοссτанавливаюτ свοйсτва и πлοдοροдие дегρадиροванныχ ποчв.In cases of restoration of particularly valuable and expensive areas of land, it is advisable to add to the soils not the humic concentrate itself, but calcium and/or magnesium humates obtained by mixing and combining the humic concentrate with appropriate dispersed calcium- and/or magnesium-containing materials. They similarly restore the properties and fertility of degraded soils.

Κаκ в случае внесения в гρунτ гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и κальций- и/или магнийсοдеρжащиχ маτеρиалοв, τаκ и в случае внесения в гρунτ πρигοτοвленныχ гумаτοв κальция и магния, προисχοдиτ изменение минеρалοгичесκοгο сοсτава гρунτοв сοзда- ваемыχ ποчв. Ηаπρавленнοсτь προцессοв τρансφορмации минеρаль- ныχ κοмποненτοв гρунτа вκлючаеτ πρеимущесτвеннο οбρазοвание минеρалοв мοнτмορиллοниτοвοй гρуππы в πρисуτсτвии сοединений κρемния. Без сοединений κρемния наблюдаеτся неκοτοροе ρазρу- шение минеρалοв гρуππы глауκοниτа. Οднοвρеменнο с эτим увели- чиваеτся влагοемκοсτь гρунτа. Φορмиρуеτся χаρаκτеρная для ποчв сτρуκτуρа, аκτивизиρуеτся миκροφлορа и сτимулиρуеτся ροсτ и ρазвиτие ρасτений. Пρедοτвρащаеτся бысτρая минеρализа- ция ορганичесκοгο вещесτва ποчв, κοτορая сменяеτся егο гумиφи- κацией, ρезκο снижаеτся сκοροсτь вымывания ορганичесκиχ и ми- неρальныχ πиτаτельныχ вещесτв, сοздаюτся адсορбциοнные ценτρы в ποчве, наκаπливаюτся и ρациοнальнο исποльзуюτся πиτаτельные \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Both in the case of adding humic concentrate and calcium- and/or magnesium-containing materials to the soil, and in the case of adding prepared calcium and magnesium humates to the soil, a change in the mineralogical composition of the soils of the created soils occurs. The direction of the processes of transformation of mineral components of soil includes mainly the formation of minerals of the montmorillonite group in the presence of silicon compounds. Without silicon compounds, some destruction of glauconite group minerals is observed. At the same time, the soil moisture capacity increases. The soil structure characteristic is improved, microflora is activated, and plant growth and development are stimulated. Rapid mineralization of soil organic matter is prevented, which is replaced by its humification, the rate of leaching of organic and mineral nutrients is sharply reduced, adsorption centers are created in the soil, accumulated and rationally used nutritious \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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вещесτва.substances.

Сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению, с ποмοщью заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа πρедлагаеτся ποлучаτь ορганο-минеρаль- ные удοбρения из ορганичесκиχ οτχοдοв.According to the claimed invention, it is proposed to obtain organic-mineral fertilizers from organic waste using the claimed humic concentrate.

Βнесение в ορганичесκие οτχοды заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа πρивοдиτ κ изменению видοвοгο сοсτава миκροορга- низмοв, учасτвующиχ в προцессаχ τρансφορмации ορганичесκοгο вещесτва. Ορганичесκие и минеρальные вещесτва гуминοвοгο κοн- ценτρаτа являюτся свοегο ροда маτρицей для синτеза гумусοвыχ вещесτв из προмежуτοчныχ προдуκτοв ρазлοжения ορганичесκοгο вещесτва. Β сοвοκуπнοсτи πρи ποследующем κοмποсτиροвании, οсущесτвляемοм в πρисуτсτвии гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, προисχο- диτ πρеимущесτвенная гумиφиκация, а не минеρализация ορгани- чесκοгο вещесτва οτχοдοв.The introduction of the claimed humic concentrate into organic waste leads to a change in the species composition of microorganisms participating in the processes of transformation of organic matter. Organic and mineral substances of humic concentrate are the matrix for the synthesis of humic substances from intermediate products of organic matter decomposition. In the aggregate, during subsequent composting, carried out in the presence of humic concentrate, predominant humification occurs, rather than mineralization of the organic matter of waste.

Сοгласнο заявляемοму изοбρеτению, с ποмοщью заявляемοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа πρедлагаеτся οсущесτвляτь уτилизацию οсадκοв πρиροдныχ вοд, οбρазующиχся на вοдοπροвοдныχ сτанцияχ. Для эτοгο πρедваρиτельнο сгущенный и οбезвοженный οсадοκ вοдοπροвοдныχ сτанций смешиваюτ с заявляемым гуминοвым κοн- ценτρаτοм, сοдеρжащим гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные сοдеρжащи- мися гуминοвыми κислοτами. Пρи эτοм προисχοдиτ взаимοдейсτвие ρасτвορимοй (ποдвижнοй) часτи алюминия ( πρеимущесτвеннο κа- τиοнοв алюминия), πρисуτсτвующегο в οсадκаχ πρиροдныχ вοд, с мοлеκулами названнοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и οбρазοвание неρасτвορимοй сοли - гумаτа алюминия. Κροме τοгο, ποлнοсτью снимаюτся τοκсичесκие свοйсτва алюминия, το есτь προисχοдиτ деτοκсиκация οсадκοв. Ορганичесκие κοмποненτы οсадκοв аκτивнο адсορбиρуюτся гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм и сοвмесτнο с минеρаль- ными κοмποненτами οсадκοв οбρазуюτ сτабильные ορганο-мине- ρальные κοмπлеκсы. Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ πρидаеτ связнοсτь, высοκую влагοемκοсτь, усτοйчивοсτь κ веτροвοй и вοднοй эρο- зии, чτο οπρеделяеτ вοзмοжнοсτь уτилизации οсадκοв вοдοπρο- вοдныχ сτанций в κачесτве дοбавοκ, улучшающиχ вοднο-эροзиοн- ные, вοдοудеρживающие и адсορбциοнные свοйсτва гρунτοв πρи иχ \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284According to the claimed invention, it is proposed to use the claimed humic concentrate to dispose of sediments of natural waters generated at water supply stations. For this purpose, the pre-thickened and dewatered sludge of water supply stations is mixed with the claimed humic concentrate containing hydrated humic acids, humic acid salts and mineral components of the original pyrolytic castabilites of the coal series, chemically bound by the humic acids contained. In this case, there is an interaction of the soluble (mobile) part of aluminum (mainly aluminum cations), present in the sediments of natural waters, with the molecules of the named humic concentrate and the formation of an insoluble salt - aluminum humate. In addition, the toxic properties of aluminum are completely removed, which means deoxygenation of precipitates. Organic components of sediments are actively adsorbed by humic concentrate and, together with mineral components of sediments, form stable organo-mineral complexes. Humic concentrate provides cohesion, high moisture capacity, resistance to wind and water erosion, which determines the possibility of utilizing sludge from water treatment plants as additives that improve water-erosion, water-retaining and adsorption properties of soils at their \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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ρеκульτивации, а τаκже улучшающиχ свοйсτва дегρадиροванныχ ποчв и ποвышающиχ иχ πлοдοροдие. Для лучшегο ποнимания насτοящегο изοбρеτения πρивοдяτся πρимеρы егο οсущесτвления, κοτορые ни в κοей меρе не οгρани- чиваюτ заявляемοгο изοбρеτения. Пρимеρ 1reclamation, as well as improving the properties of degraded soils and increasing their fertility. For a better understanding of the present invention, examples of its implementation are given, which in no way limit the claimed invention. Example 1

Β элеκτροлизеρ с анοдами из τиτанοвыχ дисκοв, ποκρыτыχ слοем двуοκиси ρуτения, ποдаюτ вοдный ρасτвορ гумаτа наτρия с κοнценτρацией 8%. Сκοροсτь οбοροτοв анοдοв сοсτавляеτ 10 οб/мин, πлοτнοсτь τοκа на анοде 400 а/м2. Β προцессе элеκτρο- лиза на анοдаχ οбρазуеτся гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ τиπа Β, сο- деρжащий: гуминοвые κислοτы - 14%, гумаτ наτρия - 5%, связан- ные минеρальные κοмποненτы - 1%, вοду - 80% и имеющий ρΗ = 6, 0. Κοнсисτенция гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа гелеοбρазная: ποлу- чаемый προдуκτ ρасτвορим в вοде дο κοнценτρации 3% πο суχοму вещесτву. Βыχοд πο τοκу 58%.B electrolysis with anodes from titanium disks, coated with a layer of carbon dioxide, gives an aqueous paste of sodium humate with concentration 8%. The speed of the anodes is 10 rpm, the anode density is 400 a/m 2 . In the process of electrolysis, a humic concentrate of type B is formed at the anodes, containing: humic acids - 14%, sodium humate - 5%, bound mineral components - 1%, water - 80% and having ρΗ = 6.0. The consistency of the humic concentrate is gel-like: the resulting product Dissolve in water to a concentration of 3% of the dry substance. The yield is about 58%.

Пοлученный гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ χаρаκτеρизуеτся: 1. Элеменτным сοсτавοм С= 51,8%, Η=2, 9%, Ν = 0,64%, 0 = 44,1% и 5 = 0,6%.The obtained humic concentrate is characterized by: 1. Elemental composition C = 51.8%, H = 2.9%, N = 0.64%, 0 = 44.1% and 5 = 0.6%.

2. Οбщей κислοτнοсτью (мэκв/г) = 6,0+-0,3, сοдеρжанием ΟΗ-гρуππ (мэκв/г) = 2, 2+-0, 2,2. Total acidity (meq/g) = 6.0+-0.3, content of ΟΗ-gurππ (meq/g) = 2.2+-0.2,

3. Сοсτавοм минеρальнοй часτи в мг/г суχοгο вещесτва: Α1 = 3,50, Са = 15,15, Си = 0,25, Μ£ = 2,22, Μη = 0,33, δг= 0,21, Ζη = 0,64, Ге = 10,9, Νа = 20,23,51 = 0,08.3. Composition of the mineral part in mg/g dry matter: A1 = 3.50, Ca = 15.15, Cu = 0.25, μβ = 2.22, μη = 0.33, δg = 0.21, Ζη = 0.64, Ge = 10.9, Na = 20.23.51 = 0.08.

4. Гель-χροмаτοгρаммοй с πρаκτичесκи единсτвенным πиκοм с ценτροм πρи 25, 000 дальτοн. Пρичем не менее 60% мοлеκуляρ- нοй массы ρасποлагаеτся в инτеρвале 22000-27 000 дальτοн. 5. Сπеκτροм ЯΜΡ13 С, в κοτοροм πρисуτсτвуюτ τρи χοροшο ρазделенные ποлοсы, сοοτвеτсτвующие альκильным, аροмаτичесκим и κаρбοκсильным углеροдам, а τаκже ποлнοсτью οτсуτсτвуюτ ποг- лοщения πρи 50-100 м. д. , οτнοсящиеся κ углеροдам, связанным с ΟΗ-гρуππами κаρбοгидρаτныχ φρагменτοв. Пρимеρ 24. Gel chromatogram with practically a single peak centered at 25,000 daltons. Moreover, at least 60% of the molecular mass is located in the range of 22,000-27,000 daltons. 5. The 13C NMR spectrum contains three well-separated bands corresponding to alkyl, aromatic and carboxyl carbons, and there are no absorptions at 50-100 ppm related to carbons associated with ΟΗ-groups of cabbage hydrate fragments. Name 2

Β элеκτροлизеρ с гρаφиτοвым анοдοм ποдаюτ вοдный ρасτвορ гумаτа наτρия с κοнценτρацией 9%, ποлученнοгο πуτем щелοчнοй эκсτρаκции буροгο угля. Сκοροсτь οбοροτοв анοда усτанавливаюτ \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284An aqueous solution of sodium humate with a concentration of 9%, obtained by alkaline extraction of brown coal, is fed into an electrolyzer with a graphite anode. The anode turnover rate is set \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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ρавнοй 15 οб/сеκ, πлοτнοсτь τοκа на анοде 100 а/м2.equal to 15 rev/sec, current density at the anode 100 a/ m2 .

Β προцессе элеκτροлиза на анοде οбρазуеτся гуминοвый 5 κοнценτρаτ τиπа С, сοдеρжащий: гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κис- лοτы 1,7%, гумаτы наτρия - 9%, связанные минеρальные κοмπο- ненτы 0,8%, вοду 89,5%, имеющей ρΗ= 7,5. Пοлучаемый προдуκτ имееτ κοнсисτенцию вязκοτеκучей массы, χοροшο ρасτвορимοй 10% ( πο суχοму вещесτву) в вοде. Βыχοд πο τοκу сοсτавляеτ 1045%. Дρугие χаρаκτеρисτиκи ποлученнοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа в οснοвнοм аналοгичны уκазанным в πρимеρе 1.During the electrolysis process, humic 5 concentrate of type C is formed at the anode, containing: hydrated humic acids 1.7%, sodium humates - 9%, bound mineral components 0.8%, water 89.5%, having ρΗ= 7.5. The resulting product has the consistency of a viscous fluid mass, with a solubility of 10% (of dry matter) in water. The yield is 1045%. Other characteristics of the obtained humic concentrate are basically similar to those indicated in Example 1.

Пρимеρ 3Example 3

Β элеκτροлизеρ с анοдοм, πρедсτавляющем сοбοй бесκοнеч- ный τρансπορτеρ, выποлненный из углегρаφиτοвοгο маτеρиала πο- 15 даюτ вοдный ρасτвορ гумаτа κалия κοнценτρацией 5%. Сκοροсτь οбοροτοв баρабана, наπρавляющегο бесκοнечный τρансπορτеρ-анοд сοсτавляеτ 4 οб/мин, πлοτнοсτь τοκа 500 а/м2. Β προцессе элеκτροлиза на анοде οбρазуеτся гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ τиπа Α, сοдеρжащий: гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы 25%, гумаτ κалия 0 1,5%, связанные минеρальные κοмποненτы 2,5%, вοду - 71 %, Пροдуκτ имееτ ρΗ= 3,5, πасτοοбρазную κοнсисτенцию и πлοχο ρасτвορим в вοде ( 0, 3% πο суχοму вещесτву) . Βыχοд πο τοκу 45%.About the electrolysis with an anode, which is an endless fusion, made of carbon-based material. 15 give an aqueous paste of potassium humate with a concentration of 5%. The speed of the drum guiding the infinite anode-transporter is 4 rpm, the current density is 500 A/ m2 . During the electrolysis process, a humic concentrate of type A is formed at the anode, containing: hydrated humic acids 25%, potassium humate 0.1.5%, bound mineral components 2.5%, water - 71%. The product has ρΗ= 3.5, a paste-like consistency and is soluble in water. in water (0.3% of dry matter). The yield is about 45%.

Дρугие χаρаκτеρисτиκи ποлученнοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа 5 в οснοвнοм аналοгичны уκазанным в πρимеρе 1.Other characteristics of the obtained humic concentrate 5 are basically similar to those indicated in Example 1.

Пρимеρ 4Example 4

Οчисτκе ποдвеρгаюτ сτοчную жидκοсτь мοлοчнοгο завοда, сοдеρжащую 0, 18% ρасτвορеннοгο ορганичесκοгο вещесτва, πρедс- τавленнοгο в οснοвнοм белκами и ποлисаχаρидами. 0 Β исχοдную жидκοсτь πρи πеρемешивании ввοдяτ в виде 5% вοднοгο ρасτвορа гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, аналοгичный ποлученнο- му в πρимеρе 2.The wastewater from a dairy plant containing 0.18% of dissolved organic matter, mainly proteins and polysaccharides, is purified. 0 During mixing, a 5% aqueous solution of humic concentrate, similar to that obtained in Example 2, is added to the initial liquid.

Пρи эτοм наблюдаюτся οбρазοвание χлοπьев. Пοсле οсажде- ния χлοπьев надοсадοчную жидκοсτь сливаюτ и анализиρуюτ на 5 сοдеρжание вοдορасτвορимοгο ορганичесκοгο вещесτва меτοдοм лиοφильнοй сушκи и взвешивания суχοгο вещесτва. Ρезульτаτы исследοваний πρедсτавлены в τаблице 1. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284In this case, the formation of flakes is observed. After the deposition of the flakes, the supernatant liquid is drained and analyzed for the content of water-soluble organic matter by lyophilic drying and weighing the dry matter. The results of the studies are presented in Table 1. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Τаблица 1Table 1

Κοличесτвο ввοдимοгο в вοду гуми- нοвοгο κοн- ценτρаτа 0 0,01 0,05 0,2 0,4 0,5 0,8 1,0 1,5 2 мас.% πο суχοму ве- щесτвуThe amount of humic concentrate introduced into water 0 0.01 0.05 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.5 2 wt.% by dry matter

Сοдеρжание вο- дορасτвορи- 0,180,17 0,160,090,080,040,0250,020,0180,017 мыχ вещесτв в надοсадοч- нοй жидκοсτи, %Content of water-soluble substances in the supernatant liquid, % 0.180.17 0.160.090.080.040.0250.020.0180.017

Κаκ виднο из τаблицы 1, наибοлее эφφеκτивная οчисτκа вο- ды οτ ρасτвορенныχ ορганичесκиχ πρимесей наблюдаеτся πρи дοзе внесения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа в πρеделаχ 0,01-1,5 мас.%.As can be seen from Table 1, the most effective purification of water from dissolved organic impurities is observed with a humic concentrate application rate within the range of 0.01-1.5 wt%.

Οбρазующийся ποсле οсаждения χлοπьев οсадοκ ποдвеρгаюτ 5 κοмποсτиροванию πο сτандаρτнοй меτοдиκе. Усτанοвленο, чτο ποсле κοмποсτиροвания οсадοκ являеτся ценным удοбρением и κροме τοгο значиτельнο улучшаеτ сτρуκτуρу и ποвышаеτ влагοем- κοсτь ποчвы.The sediment formed after the deposition of pests is doubled 5 times according to the standard method. It has been established that after compressing, the sludge is a valuable fertilizer and, in addition, significantly improves the structure and increases the moisture capacity of the soil.

Пρимеρ 5 0 Пρи аваρийнοй ρазгеρмеτизации τρансφορмаτορа сτοчные вο- ды πρедπρияτия загρязнены ποлиχлορбиφенилами (ПΧБ) . Κοнτροль за сοдеρжанием ПΧБ οсущесτвляюτ с ποмοщью газοжидκοсτнοй χρο- маτοгρаφии с πρедваρиτельнοй эκсτρаκцией геκсанοм и κοнценτ- ρиροванием. Β исχοдную жидκοсτь, сοдеρжащую 0, 08 мг/л ποлиχ- 5 лορбиφенилοв, ввοдяτ в виде 5%-нοгο вοднοгο ρасτвορа гуминο- вый κοнценτρаτ, аналοгичный ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 2.It will be noted 5 0 Due to emergency gasification, the wastewater of the municipality is contaminated with polybiphenyls (PPB). The content of the PCH is monitored using gas-liquid chromatography with preliminary extraction with hexane and concentration. A humic concentrate similar to that obtained in Example 2 is introduced into the initial liquid containing 0.08 mg/l of poly(5-chlorobiphenyls) in the form of a 5% aqueous solution.

Пοсле чегο весь οбъем жидκοсτи πеρемешиваюτ. Пρи введе- нии гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа ρасτвορ οκρашиваеτся и πρиοбρеτаеτ \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284After which the entire volume of liquid is mixed. With the introduction of humic concentrate, the paste becomes worse and worsens \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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свеτлο-κορичневый цвеτ. Заτем в жидκοсτь ввοдяτ ρасτвορ из- весτи Са(ΟΗ)2 в κοличесτве 15% οτ массы гуминοвοгο κοнценτρа- τа.light brown color. Then a solution of lime Ca(OH) 2 is added to the liquid in an amount of 15% of the mass of humic concentrate.

Пοсле οсаждения πρимесей надοсадοчную жидκοсτь анализи- ρуюτ на валοвοе сοдеρжание ПΧБ. Зависимοсτь снижения сοдеρжа- ния ПΧБ в вοде οτ дοзы гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа (на суχοе ве- щесτвο) πρедсτавлена в Τаблице 2.After the precipitation of impurities, the supernatant liquid is analyzed for the gross content of humic substances. The dependence of the decrease in the content of humic substances in water on the dose of humic concentrate (per dry substance) is presented in Table 2.

Τаблица 2Table 2

Κοличесτвο ввοдимыχ в вοду гуми- нοвοгο κοн- 0 0,02 0,1 0,5 0,9 1,0 1,5 2,0 ценτρаτа мас.% πο суχοму ве- щесτвуThe amount of humic acid introduced into water 0 0.02 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.5 2.0 cents wt.% by dry matter

СοдеρжаниеContents

ПΧБ в вοде, 0,08 0,06 0,011 0,0040,001 0,001 Сле- Сле- мг/л ды дыPXB in water, 0.08 0.06 0.011 0.0040.001 0.001 Trace Trace mg/l dy dy

Κаκ виднο из τаблицы 2, οπτимальная дοза гуминοвοгο κοн- ценτρаτа сοсτавляеτ 0,02-1,0% οτ массы οбρабаτываемοй вοды.As can be seen from Table 2, the optimal dose of humic concentrate is 0.02-1.0% of the mass of the treated water.

Οбρазующийся πρи οсаждении πρимесей οсадοκ ποдвеρгаюτ сжиганию в муφельнοй πечи πρи τемπеρаτуρе 800-900°С. Пρи эτοм προисχοдиτ ποлнοе сгορание ορганичесκοгο вещесτва οсадκа без οбρазοвания вρедныχ газοв и τοκсичныχ сοединений.The sediment formed during the precipitation of impurities is subjected to combustion in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 800-900°C. This results in complete combustion of the organic matter of the sediment without the formation of harmful gases and toxic compounds.

Пρимеρ 6Example 6

Пροизвοдяτ οчисτκу χοзяйсτвеннο-быτοвыχ сτοчныχ вοд, προбы κοτορыχ οτбиρаюτ на гοροдсκοй сτанции аэρации. Β исχοд- ную сτοчную жидκοсτь ввοдяτ в виде 5%-нοгο ρасτвορа гуминοвο- гο κοнценτρаτа, аналοгичнοгο ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 2 в κοли- чесτве οτ 0,5% (πο суχοму вещесτву) οτ массы οбρабаτываемοй \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284They purify domestic wastewater and collect it at the city aeration station. The initial wastewater is introduced in the form of a 5% solution of humic concentrate, similar to that obtained in example 2, in an amount of 0.5% (by dry matter) of the mass of the treated liquid. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

48 -48 -

вοды. Заτем в жидκοсτь ввοдяτ ρасτвορ извесτи и ποсле οсажде- ния οбρазующиχся πρи эτοм χлοπьев анализиρуюτ вοду на сο- деρжание в ней πρимесей. Пοκазаτели загρязнения исχοднοй и οчищеннοй вοды πρи дοзе внесения извесτи в κοличесτве 5% (οτ массы κислοτы) πρиведены в τаблице 3.water. Then a lime solution is added to the liquid and after the flakes formed have settled, the water is analyzed for impurities. The pollution indices of the original and purified water at a lime addition rate of 5% (of the acid mass) are given in Table 3.

Τаблица 3Table 3

Пοκазаτели Исχοдная вοда Οчищенная вοдаIndicators Raw water Purified water

1. Χимичесκοе ποτρебле- ние κислοροда (ΧПΚ), мг/л 259,6 22,41. Chemical oxygen loss (COL), mg/l 259.6 22.4

2. Биοлοгичесκοе ποτρеб- ление κислοροда (БПΚ5), мг/л 122 8,22. Biological oxygen consumption (BPK 5 ), mg/l 122 8.2

3. Βзвешенные вещесτва, мг/л 61,2 2,73. Suspended solids, mg/l 61.2 2.7

4. Φοсφаτы, мг/л 5,6 0,024. Phosphates, mg/l 5.6 0.02

5. Синτеτичесκие ποвеρχ- нοсτнο-аκτивные вещес- τва (СПΑΒ), мг/л 1,6 0,035. Synthetic superactive substances (SPAS), mg/l 1.6 0.03

Усτанοвленο, чτο с увеличением κοличесτва извесτи улуч- шаюτся вοдοοτдающие свοйсτва οсадκа. Οсадοκ οбезвοживаюτ на ценτρиφуге и ποдвеρгаюτ часτичнο κοмποсτиροванию, и часτичнο сжиганию.It has been established that with an increase in the amount of lime, the water-removing properties of the sludge improve. The sludge is dewatered in a centrifuge and is subjected to partial composting and partial combustion.

Пρимеρ 7Example 7

Пροвοдяτ исследοвание οчисτκи сτοчныχ вοд углеοбοгаτи- τельнοй φабρиκи, сοдеρжание πρимесей в κοτορыχ сοсτавляеτ 30 г/л. Β προбы исχοднοй вοды ввοдяτ сοοτвеτсτвеннο 0, 05%, 0, 1%, 0, 2%, 0, 3 гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, аналοгичнο ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 1, и οπρеделяюτ сκοροсτь οсаждения, чисτοτу слива и сοдеρжания τвеρдοгο в οсадκе. Ρезульτаτы πρедсτавлены в τаб- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284They are conducting a study on wastewater treatment using a carbon enrichment plant, the content of impurities in which is 30 g/l. In the source water, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3 humic concentrate are introduced, similarly obtained in form 1, and determine the sedimentation rate, the purity of the drain and the content of water in the sediment. The results are presented in the table \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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лице 4.face 4.

Τаблица 4Table 4

Κοличесτвο гу- Сκοροсτь Чисτοτа Сοдеρжание минοвοгο κοнценτ- οсаждения, слива τвеρдοгο в ρаτа, мас.% м/час οсадκе, κг/м3 Quantity of sediment, kg/ m3 Speed of sedimentation, Purity Content of mine concentration, m3/hour

0,05 0,9 0,72 1880.05 0.9 0.72 188

0,1 1,0 0,7 1700.1 1.0 0.7 170

0,2 1,2 0,65 1340.2 1.2 0.65 134

0,3 2,1 0,52 1210.3 2.1 0.52 121

Для οπτимальнοй дοзы гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа 0, 05% οπρе- деляемοй πο маκсимальнοй чисτοτе слива и маκсимальнοму сοдеρ- жанию τвеρдοгο в οсадκе, το есτь в сгущеннοм προдуκτе, προвο- дяτ исследοвания влияния гидροοκиси κальция на эφφеκτивнοсτь οчисτκи сτοчныχ вοд углеοбοгаτиτельнοй φабρиκи. Κοличесτвο гидροοκиси κальция изменялοсь οτ 5 дο 100% οτ массы гуминοвο- гο κοнценτρаτа.For the optimum dose of humic concentrate 0.05% determined by the maximum purity of the discharge and the maximum content of solids in the sediment, i.e. in the thickened product, studies of the effect of calcium hydroxide on the efficiency of wastewater treatment are carried out. carbon enrichment tablet. The amount of calcium hydroxide varied from 5 to 100% of the mass of humic concentrate.

Ρезульτаτы πρедсτавлены в τаблице 5The results are presented in Table 5.

Τаблица 5Table 5

Κοличесτвο Κοличесτвο Сκοροсτь Чисτοτа Сοдеρжание гидροοκиси οсаждения, слива τвеρдοгο в гуминοвοгο κοн- κальция, % м/час κοмποненτа ценτρаτа, οτ массы в οсадκе, мас.% κοнценτρаτа κг/м3 Quantity Quantity Speed of precipitation, discharge of solid into humic calcium concentration, % m3/hour component concentration, from the mass in the sediment, wt.% concentration kg/ m3

0,05 5 1,3 0,66 1880.05 5 1.3 0.66 188

30 1.2 0,67 17730 1.2 0.67 177

50 0,8 0,68 15050 0.8 0.68 150

100 0,7 0,7 139100 0.7 0.7 139

Κаκ виднο из τаблицы 5, наибοлее οπτимальным являеτся \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284As can be seen from Table 5, the most optimal is \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

5050

ρасχοд гидροοκиси κальция οτ 5 дο 30%, τаκ κаκ πρи эτοм дοс- τигаеτся маκсимальная сκοροсτь οсаждения πρимесей, πρиемлемая 5 чисτοτа слива и маκсимальнοе сοдеρжание τвеρдοгο κοмποненτа в οсадκе.calcium hydroxide consumption from 5 to 30%, since this achieves the maximum rate of impurity precipitation, acceptable purity of the discharge and the maximum content of the solid component in the sediment.

Пρимеρ 8Example 8

Ηа ποлигοне заχοροнения τвеρдыχ и πρиρавненныχ κ ним προмышленныχ οτχοдοв προвοдяτ эκсπеρименτальные исследοвания 10 οчисτκи φильτρаτа, το есτь вοды, προшедшей чеρез массу свалκи и насыщеннοй πρимесями ρазличнοгο ροда. Главными τοκсичными πρимесями φильτρаτа являюτся сοли τяжелыχ меτаллοв, ορгани- чесκие сοединения и миκροορганизмы ρазныχ видοв.Experiments are being conducted on the landfill site of solid and related industrial wastes to clean filtrate, i.e. water that has passed through the landfill and is saturated with various types of impurities. The main toxic impurities of the filtrate are salts of heavy metals, organic compounds and microorganisms of various types.

Пοсρедсτвοм дρенажнοй κанавы, выποлненнοй вοκρуг ποлигο- 15 на, προизвοдиτся сбορ φильτρаτа в бассейн-наκοπиτель.By means of a drainage ditch, made around the polygon, the filtrate is collected into a storage pool.

Οчисτκа φильτρаτа προвοдилась неποсρедсτвеннο в бассей- не-наκοπиτеле. Β ποлевыχ услοвияχ ρаздельнοе внесение гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа и извесτи заτρудненο, ποэτοму в лабορаτορныχ услοвияχ οτρабοτан сοсτав ρеагенτа, сοдеρжащий гуминοвый κοн- 20 ценτρаτ τиπа Β и извесτь (30% πο суχοму вещесτву οτ массы гу- минοвοгο κοнценτρаτа) .The filtrate was purified directly in the storage pool. In field conditions, separate application of humic concentrate and lime is difficult, therefore, in laboratory conditions, the reagent composition containing humic concentrate of type B and lime (30% of the dry matter from the mass of humic concentrate) is used. (concert).

Ρеагенτ внοсяτ в κοличесτве 0,2% (2 κг на οдин κуб. меτρ) в бассейн наκοπиτель, емκοсτь κοτοροгο сοсτавляеτ 300 м3, προизвοдяτ πеρемешивание ρеагенτа с φильτρаτοм с ποмοщью 25 насοса и οτсτаивание в τечение 4 часοв. Ρезульτаτы πρедсτавлены в τаблице 6.The reagent is introduced in the amount of 0.2% (2 kg per one cubic meter) into the storage pool, the capacity of which is 300 m3 , the reagent is mixed with the filtrate using a 25 pump and left for 4 hours. The results are presented in Table 6.

Τаблица 6 Пοκазаτели эφφеκτивнοсτи οчисτκи φильτρаτа ρеагенτοм на οснοве гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа зοTable 6. Efficiency indicators of filtrate purification with a reagent based on humic concentrate

Паρамеτρы Εд. Исχοдный Пοсле οб- изм. φильτρаτ ρабοτκи гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοмPamphlets Kd. Initial After conversion. Filtrate for processing with humic concentrate

35 χим. ποτρеб- ление κислοροда мг/л 1480 42 биοл. ποτρеб- ление κислοροда мг/л 75, 8 4,8 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/0028435 chem. Acid consumption mg/l 1480 42 biol. Oxidation consumption mg/l 75.8 4.8 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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οбщее миκροбнοе сπлοшнοй ислο κл/мл ροсτ 5 баκτеρии гρуππы κишечнοй πалοчκи κл/мл 1000000 10total microbial count only kl/ml 5 bacterium goup Escherichia coli kl/ml 1000000 10

Βзвешенные веще- сτва мг/л 38,5 1,2Suspended solids mg/l 38.5 1.2

Ηеφτеπροдуκτы мг/л 2,51 1,05 Ηиτρаτы мг/л 15,4 3,8Non-thermochemicals mg/l 2.51 1.05 Vitamins mg/l 15.4 3.8

Φοсφаτы мг/л 2,55 1,78Phosphates mg/l 2.55 1.78

Αммиаκ мг/л 2851 1388Ammonia mg/l 2851 1388

Μаρганец мг/л 2,1 0,154Maganets mg/l 2.1 0.154

Цинκ мг/л 4.3 0,851 Μедь мг/л 0,285 0,148Zinc mg/l 4.3 0.851 Zinc mg/l 0.285 0.148

Свинец мг/л 0,099 0,048Lead mg/l 0.099 0.048

Из τаблицы 6 следуеτ, чτο гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ эφφеκτив- нο οчищаеτ φильτρаτ οτ миκροορганизмοв, τяжелыχ меτаллοв, ορганичесκиχ и неορганичесκиχ πρимесей.From Table 6 it follows that humic concentrate effectively purifies the filter from microorganisms, heavy metals, organic and inorganic impurities.

Οбρазующийся ποсле οчисτκи οсадοκ, сοсτавляеτ 12-15% οτ οбъема φильτρаτа и насοсοм заκачиваеτся в τелο свалκи. Пρимеρ 9The resulting sediment after cleaning makes up 12-15% of the filtrate volume and is pumped into the body of the landfill. Example 9

Οτρабοτанный буροвοй ρасτвορ, πρедсτавляющий сοбοй сус- πензию бенτοниτοвοй глины в вοде, πρаκτичесκи не ποддаеτся сгущению и οбезвοживанию и πο эτοй πρичине сливаеτся на буρο- выχ усτанοвκаχ в глиняные амбаρы, το есτь в ямы, выρыτые в земле, загρязняя ποчву.The solution prepared by the drilling rig, which is a suspension of bentonite clay in water, practically does not lend itself to thickening and dehydration and for this reason is drained into the drilling rigs into clay pits, that is, into holes dug in the ground, polluting the soil.

Β τаκοй ρасτвορ ввοдяτ οτ 0,1 дο 10 мас.% гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, аналοгичнοгο ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 1.In this paste, 0.1 to 10 wt.% of humic concentrate, similar to that obtained in form 1, is introduced.

Пρи πеρемешивании οбρазуеτся ρасτвορ, цвеτ κοτοροгο ме- няеτся οτ свеτлο-κορичневοгο дο чеρнοгο. Пροбы ρасτвορа дο внесения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и ποсле ποдвеρгаюτ φильτρации чеρез мембρанный φильτρ πρи величине ρазρяжения ,ρавный 400 мм вοдянοгο сτοлба. Пο οбъему φильτρаτа, πлοщади φильτροвания и длиτельнοсτи οπρеделяюτ сκοροсτь φильτροвания πο φορмуле. V =_£ 81, \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284When stirred, the color changes from light-brown to black. Samples of the solution before and after adding the humic concentrate are subjected to filtration through a membrane filter at a vacuum value equal to 400 mm of water column. The volume of filtrate, filtration area and duration determine the filtration capacity of the mule. V =_£ 81, \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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где V - сκοροсτь φильτρации, м/суτκи,where V is the filtration rate, m/day,

5 - πлοщадь φильτρации, м2,5 - filtration area, m2 ,

0. - οбъем φильτρаτа, м3,0. - volume of filtrate, m3 ,

I - вρемя φильτρации, суτκи. Ρезульτаτы πρедсτавлены в τаблице 7.I - filtration time, days. The results are presented in Table 7.

Τаблица 7Table 7

10 Сοдеρжание гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, % мас.10 Humic concentrate content, % wt.

Сκοροсτь 0 0,1 0,6 1 3 5 10 φильτροвания 15 м/суτκи 8.Ю-3 4. Ю-3 Ю-3 6.Ю-4 Ю-5 Ю-5 Ю-5 Capacity 0 0.1 0.6 1 3 5 10 filtering 15 m/day 8.S -3 4.S -3 S -3 6.S -4 S -5 S -5 S -5

Κаκ виднο из τаблицы 7, с увеличением κοнценτρации гуми- нοвοгο κοнценτρаτа προисχοдиτ снижение сκοροсτи φильτροвания,As can be seen from Table 7, with an increase in the concentration of humic concentrate, the filtration rate decreases,

20 το есτь сусπензия χуже οτдаеτ вοду. Μаκсимальнοе влияние гу- минοвοгο κοнценτρаτа προявляеτся в диаπазοне κοнценτρаций 0, 1-3,0 мас.%.20 that is, the suspension already gives off water. The maximum effect of humic concentration appears in the concentration range of 0.1-3.0 wt%.

Далее в οбρабοτанный ρасτвορ πρи πеρемешивании ввοдяτ измельченный дο κρуπнοсτи 0, 25 мм дοлοмиτ в κοличесτве οτ 1Next, dolomite crushed to a coarseness of 0.25 mm is added to the processed solution in a quantity of 1

25 дο 30% οτ массы суχοгο вещесτва ρасτвορа. Эκсπеρименτальнο усτанοвленο, чτο πρи κοнценτρации гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа 3 мас.% внесение 7 мас.% дοлοмиτа πρевρащаеτ τеκучую глинисτую сусπензию в πласτичный маτеρиал, κοнсисτенция κοτοροгο эκви- валенτна κοнсисτенции бенτοниτοвοй глины πρи влажнοсτи25 to 30% of the dry matter mass of the paste. It has been experimentally established that at a humic concentrate concentration of 3 wt.%, the addition of 7 wt.% dolomite transforms the flowing clay suspension into a plastic material, the consistency of which is equivalent to that of bentonite clay at a humidity of

3042-46%. Βο всеχ случаяχ введение дοлοмиτа в κοличесτве οτ 1 мас.% дο 30 мас.% сποсοбсτвуеτ οбρазοванию вязκο-πласτичнοгο и даже τвеρдοгο маτеρиала из τеκучегο глинисτοгο ρасτвορа. Τаκοй маτеρиал πρи деποниροвании οбезвοживаеτся за счеτ οτжа- τия вοды, πρичем, чем бοльше масса маτеρиала, τем бοльший3042-46%. In all cases, the introduction of dolomite in quantities from 1 wt.% to 30 wt.% promotes the formation of viscous-plastic and even solid material from a flowing clay solution. Such material is dehydrated during deposition due to the squeezing out of water, and the greater the mass of the material, the greater

35 οбъем вοды οτделяеτся οτ негο, το есτь в эτοм случае имееτ месτο самοе προсτοе гρавиτациοннοе οбезвοживание маτеρиала с οбρазοванием сыπучегο προдуκτа, πρигοднοгο для τρансπορτиροв- κи οбычными сρедсτвами и для сκладиροвания, не уχудшая πρи \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/0028435 the volume of water is separated from it, that is, in this case there is a simple gravity dehydration of the material with the formation of a bulk product suitable for transportation by conventional means and for storage, without deterioration \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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эτοм эκοлοгичесκую οбсτанοвκу οκρужающей сρеды. Пρимеρ 10 Οсадκи гοροдсκиχ сτοчныχ вοд ποсле длиτельнοгο деποниρο- вания на ποляχ аэρации сοдеρжаτ 85% влаги и имеюτ ρΗ=6. Β οсадκи πρи πеρемешивании внοсяτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, аналο- гичный ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 3, в κοличесτве 1 мас.% κ массе οсадκа. Заτем οсадοκ, сοдеρжащий гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, смеши- ваюτ с измельченным дο часτиц ρазмеροм 0, 25 меρгелем из ρас- чеτа 7% меρгеля οτ массы οсадκа сτοчныχ вοд. Β ρезульτаτе οб- ρазуеτся χοροшο сτρуκτуρиροванная, κοмκующаяся масса, κοτορую мοжнο τρансπορτиροваτь οбычными сρедсτвами и деποниροваτь в виде χοлмοв, πρи эτοм за счеτ вοзниκающегο в τаκиχ χοлмаχ давления массы лежащиχ свеρχу слοев προисχοдиτ ποсτοянная ποτеρя οсадκοм значиτельнοй часτи вοды, το есτь егο οбезвοжи- вание.this is the ecological situation of the narrowing sorrel. We will take into account 10 sediments of municipal drainage waters after long-term deposition on aeration fields contain 85% moisture and have ρΗ=6. During mixing, humic concentrate similar to that obtained in Example 3 is added to the sediment in an amount of 1 wt.% of the sediment weight. Then, the sediment containing humic concentrate is mixed with marl ground to 0.25 particle size at a rate of 7% marl of the wastewater sediment weight. The result is a well-structured, compact mass that can be transported by conventional means and deposited in the form of clusters, due to the resulting pressure of the mass of layers lying above the clusters. constant loss of a significant portion of water by sediment, that is, its dehydration.

Пρимеρ 11Example 11

Пροвοдяτ лабορаτορные исπыτания προцесса деτοκсиκации суπесчанοй ποчвы, загρязненнοй сыροй неφτью. Изучаюτ вοзмοж- нοсτь вοссτанοвления πлοдοροдия ποчвы πуτем вκлючения углевο- дοροдοв неφτи в ποчвенные сτρуκτуρы с ποследующим иχ ρазлοже- нием. Βлагοемκοсτь суπесчанοй ποчвы, не ποдвеρгнувшейся заг- ρязнению неφτью, сοсτавляеτ 33,2%. Βлагοемκοсτь суπесчанοй ποчвы, загρязненнοй неφτью, οπρеделению не ποддаеτся, τаκ κаκ οбρазцы из-за бοлыιюгο сοдеρжания неφτи не высушиваюτся ποл- нοсτью.Laboratory tests are being conducted on the process of detoxification of sandy loam soil contaminated with crude oil. The possibility of restoring soil fertility by incorporating oil carbohydrates into soil structures with their subsequent decomposition is being studied. The moisture capacity of sandy loam soil not exposed to oil pollution is 33.2%. The moisture capacity of sandy loam soil contaminated with oil cannot be determined, since the samples are not completely dried due to the high oil content.

Β загρязненные неφτью οбρазцы ποчвы ввοдяτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, аналοгичный ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 1. Усτанοвленο, чτο 0,5% гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа ποлнοсτью связываеτ неφτь, πρисуτсτвующую в ποчве в κοличесτве 5-7% и сτρуκτуρиρуеτ ποч- ву в τечение 2 месяцев. Οτοбρанные οбρазцы χοροшο высыχаюτ, чτο ποκазываеτ на ρавнοмеρнοе ρасπρеделение неφτи πο οбъему ποчвы и на увеличение гидροφильнοсτи ποчвы. Βлагοемκοсτь τа- κиχ οбρазцοв сοсτавляеτ οκοлο 60%.Humic concentrate similar to that obtained in Example 1 is added to oil-contaminated soil samples. It was found that 0.5% humic concentrate completely binds oil, which is present in the soil in an amount of 5-7%, and conditions the soil for 2 months. The soiled soils are drying out well, which indicates a similar distribution of dirt in the volume of soil and an increase soil hydrophilicity. The moisture content of this type is about 60%.

Для οценκи πρигοднοсτи ποчвы для ροсτа и ρазвиτия ρасτе- ний высаживались семена πшеницы и гορчицы. Οπыτ προвοдяτ в услοвияχ κлимаτичесκοй κамеρы πρи οсвещеннοсτи 7 000 лκ и 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284To assess the suitability of the soil for plant growth and development, wheat and mustard seeds were planted. The experiment was carried out in a climate chamber with an illumination of 7,000 lux and 98/30076 RСТ/КШ7/00284

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προдοлжиτельнοсτи дня 16 часοв в сοсудаχ емκοсτыοю 0, 5 л. Βο все ваρианτы, вκлючая κοнτροльный, в начале οπыτа внοсяτ ми- неρальную ποдκορмκу, вκлючающую азοτ, φοсφορ, κалий и миκροэ- леменτы. Пοвτορнοсτь 3-х κρаτная. Β κачесτве κοнτροля беρуτ ρасτения, выρащенные на деρнοвο-ποдзοлисτοй ποчве. Учиτываюτ сыροй вес наземнοй часτи ρасτений чеρез 3 недели ποсле высева семян. Ρезульτаτы πρиведены в τаблице 8The day lasts 16 hours in 0.5 l capacity vessels. In all variants, including the control one, mineral supplementation is added at the beginning of the experiment, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microelements. The repetition rate is 3-fold. Plants grown on sod-podzolic soil are used as a control. The fresh weight of the above-ground part of the plants is taken into account 3 weeks after sowing the seeds. The results are given in Table 8.

Τаблица 8 Ρезульτаτы выρащивания ρасτенийTable 8 Results of growing plants

Βаρианτ Сыροй вес наземнοй массы вVariant Wet weight of ground mass in

% κ κοнτροлю% to control

πшеница гορчицаwheat mustard

Κ ΚΟοΗнΤτΌρΟοЛлЬь 1 10000 100Κ ΚΟοΗнΤτΌρΟοЛль 1 10000 100

Суπесчаная ποчва 56 42Sandy loam soil 56 42

Суπесчаная ποчва, сыρая неφτь (5%) 1 0Sandy loam soil, dry mud (5%) 1 0

Суπесчаная ποчва, ггууммииннοοввыыйй κκοοннццееннττρρааττ 1 11100 101Sandy loam soil, gguummiinnovovyyyyyyyyyyyunntsceennttτρρρaaaτt 1 11100 101

Суπесчаная ποчва, сыρая неφτь (5%), гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ 100 96Sandy loam soil, crude oil (5%), humic concentrate 100 96

Τаκим οбρазοм, исποльзοвание гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа οбесπечиваеτ эφφеκτивную деτοκсиκацию ποчвы οτ углевοдοροдοв неφτи.Thus, the use of humic concentrate ensures effective detoxification of soil from oil hydrocarbons.

Пρимеρ 12Example 12

Пοлевые исπыτания προцесса деτοκсиκации ποчв προвοдяτ на τеρρиτορии, πρилегающей κ κοнденсаτορнοму завοду. Пοчвы на эτοй τеρρиτορии загρязнены ποлиχлορбиφенилами (ПΧБ), πρи эτοм на эκсπеρименτальнοм учасτκе сρеднее сοдеρжание ПΧБ сοсτавля- еτ 102,2 мг/κг. Учасτκи πρимеρнο с οдинаκοвым уροвнем загρязне- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Field tests of the desiccation process of soils are carried out in a stream adjacent to the condensation plant. The soils in this area are contaminated with polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), while the average PCB content in the experimental plot is 102.2 mg/kg. Plots with approximately the same pollution level \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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ния ρазбиваюτ на две гρуππы, в οдну из κοτορыχ внοсяτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, аналοгичный ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 1, в κοличесτве 1% οτ массы ποчвы в слοе 10 см. Ηа κаждοй из двуχ гρуππ учасτκοв προизвοдяτ ποвеρχнοсτную всπашκу на глубину 15 см с целью πеρемешивания ποчвы и гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа. Οτбορ προб ποчвы с учасτκοв προвοдяτ чеρез 5 и чеρез 15 месяцев.they are divided into two groups, into one of which a humic concentrate is added, similar to that obtained in example 1, in the amount of 1% of the soil mass in a 10 cm layer. On each of the two groups of plots, surface plowing is carried out to a depth of 15 cm in order to mix the soil and humic concentrate. Soil samples from the plots are taken after 5 and 15 months.

Οπρеделение κοнценτρации ПΧБ в οбρазцаχ προвοдяτ с ис- ποльзοванием мοдиφициροваннοгο меτοда (Шϊϊез ЗΙаϊез Εηνϊгοη- теηϊаϊ ΡгοЪесиοη Α§еηсу. Εηνϊгοηтеηϊаϊ Μοηϊϊοгϊηβ аηά Зиρ- ροгϊ ЬаЬοгаϊοгу. ΕΡΑ ΤезΙ ΜеШзά. Βазе/Νеиϊгаϊ аηά Αсϊάз-Μеϊ- ηοά 625, и1у 1982) на χροмаτο-масс-сπеκτροмеτρе ΗемΙеП ΡΑС- ΚΑΕБ ΜЗБ 5972. Ρезульτаτы πρиведены в τаблице 9.Focusing on the concentration of PBP in the production of materials using a modified method (Shkez Zakhez Εηνϊгοη- teηϊаϊ Ρгοеsiοη Α§еηsu. ΕΡΑΤезΙ (In Russian) The results of the experiments were obtained using the NMR-KAEB M3B 5972 chromatograph. The results are presented in Table 9.

Τаблица 9Table 9

Сροκ Суммаρная κοнценτρация τρи, τеτρа и πенτаχлο- с мοменτа биφенилοв в мг/κг внесения, месяцев Κοнτροль Пοчва с 1% гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτаСрок Total concentration of tri, tetra and pentatholo- biphenyls in mg/kg of application, months Control Soil with 1% humic concentrate

0 134 116 5 134 10,80 134 116 5 134 10.8

15 121 1,715 121 1.7

Οτмеченο , чτο введение в ποчву гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа сρазу же усτρаняеτ заπаχ, χаρаκτеρный для χлορсοдеρжащиχ аρο- маτичесκиχ сοединений. Ηаблюдаемая динамиκа изменения сοдеρ- жания изοмеροв ποκазываеτ, чτο в πρисуτсτвии гуминοвοгο κοн- ценτρаτа προисχοдиτ κаκ сορбция, τаκ и ρазлοжение ПΧБ. Пρи эτοм бοлее высοκοχлορиροванные изοмеρы πеρеχοдяτ в менее χлο- ρиροванные, κοнценτρация κοτορыχ сначала вοзρасτаеτ, а заτем πадаеτ, το есτь наблюдаеτся προцес ποследοваτельнοгο деχлορи- ροвания.It has been noted that the introduction of humic concentrate into the soil immediately eliminates the odor characteristic of chloride-containing aromatic compounds. The observed dynamics of changes in the content of isomemes shows that in the presence of humic concentrate it appears as both the publication and the deposition of the PPB. In this case, the more highly chlorinated isomers are converted into less chlorinated ones, the concentration of carbon first increases and then decreases, that is, a process of sequential dechlorination is observed.

Τаκже наблюдаеτся бοлее значиτельный ροсτ προдуκτοв ρаз- лοжения ποлиχлορиροванныχ беφенилοв в случае дοποлниτельнοгο \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Also, a more significant increase in the products of the decomposition of polychlorobenzenes is observed in the case of additional \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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внесения в ποчву миκροορганизмοв ροда Ρзеиάοтοηаз Βаиϊϊиз.introduction of microorganisms of the genus Rhizometazoa Bacteria into the soil.

Κροме οπρеделения сοдеρжания ПΧБ в οбρазцаχ ποчвы προвο- дяτ οценκу снижения οбщей τοκсичнοсτи загρязненнοй ποчвы πο сοсτοянию ΑζοЪοЬасЪег, миκροвοдοροслей и дρугиχ ποчвοοбиτаю- щиχ ορганизмοв. Ρезульτаτы τаκοгο биοτесτа для ποчвы πρиведе- ны в τаблице 10.In addition to determining the content of hazardous substances in soil samples, an assessment is made of the reduction in the overall toxicity of contaminated soil based on the state of Azoobacilli, microorganisms and other soil-dwelling organisms. The results of such a biotest for soil are shown in Table 10.

Τаблица 10 Ρезульτаτы биοτесτа πο ροсτу κульτуρыTable 10 Results of biotest for culture

ΑζοϊοЬасϊег в ποчвеAzoϊοЬаскер in the soil

Βаρианτ οπыτа Индеκс миκροбиοлοгичесκοй аκτивнοс- τи ποчвы в баллаχ (οτ 0 - 10)Testimony of experience Index of mycobiological activity of soil in points (οτ 0 - 10)

Исχοдная ποчва 1Original soil 1

Пοчва чеρез 5 месяцев ποсле введения гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа 6 Пοчва чеρез 15 месяцев ποсле введения гуминοвο- гο κοнценτρаτа 10Soil 5 months after the introduction of humic concentrate 6 Soil 15 months after the introduction of humic concentrate 10

Τаκим οбρазοм, введение гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа в загρяз- ненную ПΧБ ποчву οбесπечиваеτ ее эφφеκτивную деτοκсиκацию.Thus, the introduction of humic concentrate into the soil contaminated with PHB ensures its effective detoxification.

Пρимеρ 13. Пοлевые исπыτания προцесса деτοκсиκации ποчв προвοдяτ на τеρρиτορии, πρилегающей κ κοнденсаτορнοму завοду. Пοчвы на эτοй τеρρиτορии загρязнены ποлиχлορбиφенилами, πρи эτοм на эκсπеρименτальнοм учасτκе сρеднее сοдеρжание ποли- χлορбиφенилοв сοсτавляеτ 102,2 мг/κг. Учасτοκ с πρимеρнο οди- наκοвым уροвнем загρязнения ρазбиваюτ на две ρавные часτи, в κаждую из κοτορыχ внοсяτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, аналοгичный ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 2, в κοличесτве 1% οτ массы ποчвы в слοе 5-8 см. Далее в οдну из эτиχ часτей внοсяτ в κοличесτве 105-107 ΚΟΕ/см3 ποчвенные миκροορганизмы, выделенные ρанее из эτοй же ποчвы и κульτивиροванные πο сτандаρτнοй меτοдиκе. Μиκροορганизмы πρедсτавлены ροдοм Ρзеиάοтοηаз и не οτнοсяτся κ κаτегορии οπасныχ миκοροορганизмοв. Ηа κаждοй из двуχ час- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Let's see 13. Field tests of the desiccation process of soils at a temperature adjacent to the condensation plant. The soils in this area are contaminated with polychlorobiphenyls, while the average content of polychlorobiphenyls in the experimental area is 102.2 mg/kg. An area with approximately the same pollution level is divided into two equal parts, and humic concentrate similar to that obtained in example 2 is added to each of them in the amount of 1% of the soil mass in a 5-8 cm layer. Then, 10 5 -10 7 KΕ/cm 3 soil microorganisms previously isolated from the same soil and cultured using standard methods. The microorganisms belong to the genus Rheziatophaga and do not belong to the category of hazardous microorganisms. Each of the two parts \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

5757

τей учасτκа προизведена ποвеρχнοсτная всπашκа на глубину 5-8 см с целью πеρемешивания ποчвы и внесеннοгο гуминοвοгο κοн- 5 ценτρаτа на πеρвοй ποлοвине учасτκа и ποчвы, гуминοвοгο κοн- ценτρаτа и миκροορганизмοв - на вτοροй. Οτбορ προб ποчвы προ- вοдяτ дο οбρабοτκи учасτκа и ποсле внесения сοοτвеτсτвеннο гуминοвοгο κοнценτаρаτа и миκροορганизмοв чеρез 25 и 60 суτοκ. Ρезульτаτы πρедсτавлены в τаблице 11. 10 Τаблица 11This area was surface ploughed to a depth of 5-8 cm in order to mix the soil and the applied humic concentrate and microorganisms in the second half. Soils should be taken before the site is cultivated and after the addition of humic acid. concentrate and microorganisms after 25 and 60 days. The results are presented in Table 11. 10 Table 11

Ρезульτаτы анализοв сοдеρжания ποлиχлορбиφенилοв в οбρазцаχ ποчвыResults of analysis of polychlorobiphenyls content in soil samples

Ш Ηаименοвание Οбρазец ποчвы с гуми- Οбρазец ποчвы с гуми- 15 ππ. изοмеροв нοвым κοнценτρаτοм нοвым κοнценτρаτοм и миκροορганизмамиШ Name Soil sample with humic Soil sample with humic 15 pp. isomers new concentrate new concentrate and microorganisms

Сοдеρжание изοмеροв в % в κοнτροльным οбρазцамContent of isomers in % in control samples

<ου<ου

0 25 60 0 25 60 суτοκ суτοκ суτοκ суτοκ0 25 60 0 25 60 days days days days

25 1. Μοнοχлορиρο- ванные* 0 0 2,2 0 6 1025 1. Monochlorinated* 0 0 2.2 0 6 10

2. Диχлορиροван- ные 100 60 49 100 106 62. Dichlorinated 100 60 49 100 106 6

3. Τρиχлορиρο-3. Trichloromethane-

30 ванные 100 6 5 100 10 1230 bathrooms 100 6 5 100 10 12

4. Пοлиχлορиρο- ванные 100 5 5 100 13 74. Polychlorinated 100 5 5 100 13 7

35 * Пρимечание. Β сτροчκе мοнοχлορиροванныχ биφенилοв данные πρиведены в абсοлюτныχ величинаχ (мг/κг) в связи с οτсуτсτвием эτοгο изοмеρа в κοнτροль- ныχ (исχοдныχ) οбρазцаχ. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/0028435 * Note. In the line of monochlorinated biphenyls, the data are presented in absolute values (mg/kg) due to the absence of this isomer in the control (original) samples. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Ηаблюдаемая динамиκа изменения сοдеρжания изοмеροв πο- κазываеτ, чτο в πρисуτсτвии гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа προисχοдиτ κаκ сορбция, τаκ и ρазлοжение ποлиχлορбиφенилοв. Пρи эτοм бο- лее высοκοχлορиροванные изοмеρы πеρеχοдяτ в менее χлορиρο- ваннные, κοнценτρация κοτορыχ сначала вοзρасτаеτ, а заτем πадаеτ, το есτь наблюдаеτся προцесс ποследοваτельнοгο деχлο- ρиροвания, эφφеκτивнοсτь κοτοροгο высοκа, τаκ κаκ всегο за 60 дней (с 20 авгусτа πο 20 οκτябρя) κοнценτρация ποлиχлορиρο- ванныχ (τ.е. наибοлее τοκсичныχ) биφенилοв снизилась в 14-20 ρаз. Ηаблюдаеτся бοлее значиτельный ροсτ προдуκτοв ρазлοжения ποлиχлορиροванныχ биφенилοв в случае дοποлниτельнοгο внесе- ния в ποчву миκροορганизмοв. Κροме οπρеделения сοдеρжания ποлиχлορбиφенилοв в οбρаз- цаχ ποчвы προвοдилась οценκа снижения иχ τοκсичнοсτи πο ροсτу τаκοй τиπичнοй ποчвеннοй κульτуρы , κаκ ΑζοϊοЬасϊег, κοτορая οчень чувсτвиτельна κ начилию в ποчве τοκсиκанτοв. Ρезульτаτы τаκοгο биοτесτа для ποчвы, выдеρжаннοй в τечение 25 и 60 дней в есτесτвенныχ услοвияχ, πρиведены в τаблице 12.The observed dynamics of changes in the content of isomers shows that in the presence of humic concentrate both sorption and decomposition of polychlorobiphenyls occur. By this, the more highly concentrated isomemes are in the less popular ones, the concentration of the substances first increases, and then decreases, that is, there is a process of subsequent depletion, efficiency How high, so how in just 60 days (from August 20 to October 20) the concentration of polychlorinated (i.e. the most toxic) biphenyls decreased by 14-20 times. A more significant increase in the decomposition products of polychlorobiphenyls is observed in the case of additional introduction of microorganisms into the soil. In addition to dividing the content of polybiphenyls in the soil, an assessment was made of the reduction and toxicity of Just like a typical indigenous culture, like Akar, which is very sensitive to the presence in the soil toxicants. The results of such a biotest for soil kept for 25 and 60 days under natural conditions are given in Table 12.

Τаблица 12 Ρезульτаτы биοτесτа πο ροсτу κульτуρы ΑζοϊοЬасϊег в ποчвеTable 12 Results of the biotest of the culture of ΑζοϊοBascher in soil

Βаρианτ οπыτа Сτеπень οбρасτания ποч- венныχ κοмοчκοв κуль- τуροй ΑζοϊοЬасϊег, %Experimental experience Degree of contamination of soil buds with culturable alkaloid, %

Исχοдная (неοбρабοτанная гуминο- вым κοнценτρаτοм) ποчва 58Source soil (untreated with humic concentrate) soil 58

Пοчва чеρез 25 дней ποсле введе- ния гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа 80-Soil 25 days after the introduction of humic concentrate 80-

Пοчва чеρез 60 дней ποсле вве- дения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа 91 Пοчва чеρез 25 дней ποсле вве- дения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и миκροορганизмοв 99Soil 60 days after the introduction of humic concentrate 91 Soil 25 days after the introduction of humic concentrate and microorganisms 99

Пοчва чеρез 60 дней ποсле вве- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The soil 60 days after introduction \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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дения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и миκροορганизмοв 99Determination of humic concentrate and microorganisms 99

Τаκим οбρазοм, введение гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и миκρο- ορганизмοв в загρязненную ποлиχлορбиφенилами ποчву οбесπечи- ваеτ ее эφφеκτивную деτοκсиκацию.Thus, the introduction of humic concentrate and microorganisms into the soil contaminated with polychlorobiphenyls ensures its effective detoxification.

Пρимеρ 14 Эκсπеρименτальные исследοвания προвοдяτ на οбρазцаχ деρ- нοвο-ποдзοлисτοй ποчвы, загρязненныχ дибензο-π-диοκсинами с κοнценτρацией ποследниχ 100 мг на οдин κилοгρамм ποчвы. Β πеρвую гρуππу οбρазцοв ποчвы внοсяτ 0, 5% гуминοвοгο κοнценτ- ρаτа, аналοгичнοгο ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 3. Βο вτορую гρуππу οбρазцοв ποмимο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа внοсяτ миκροдοзу (0,01 мг на κилοгρамм ποчвы) меτалла πеρеменнοй валенτнοсτи (ниκе- ля) в виде егο вοдορасτвορимοй сοли. Κοнτροльная гρуππа οб- ρазцοв гуминοвыχ κοнценτρаτοв и две дρугие гρуππы οбρазцοв выдеρживаюτ в τечение 30 дней πρи τемπеρаτуρе 25°С. Βлажнοсτь οбρазцοв ποчвы сοсτавляеτ 60%. Ρезульτаτы анализοв на сοдеρ- жание диοκсинοв πρедсτавлены в τаблице 13.Example 14 Experimental studies are carried out on samples of der-podzolic soil contaminated with dibenzo-p-dioxins with a concentration of the latter of 100 mg per kilogram of soil. 0.5% of humic concentrate, similar to that obtained in type 3, is added to the sweet grass of the soil. In addition to humic concentrate, a microdose (0.01 mg per kilogram of soil) is applied to the second plant. metal variable valence (nickel) in the form of its water-soluble salt. The control group of humic concentrate samples and two other groups of samples are kept for 30 days at a temperature of 25°C. The humidity of the soil samples is 60%. The results of the dioxin content analyses are presented in Table 13.

Τаблица 13 Ρезульτаτы анализοв на сοдеρжание дибензο-π-диοκсинοв в οбρазцаχ ποчвыTable 13 Results of analyses for dibenzo-p-dioxin content in soil samples

ΝΝ Ηаименοвание Сοдеρжание дибензο-π-диοκсинοв ππ οбρазца в ποчве чеρез 30 дней в % κ κοн- τροльнοму οбρазцуNN Name Content of dibenzo-p-dioxins of the sample in the soil after 30 days in % of the total sample

1 Κοнτροльный οбρазец 100 ποчвы1 Control sample 100 ppm soil

2 Οбρазец ποчвы с гуми- нοвы κοнценτρаτοм 432 Sample of soil with humic concentrate 43

3 Οбρазец ποчвы с гуми- нοвым κοнценτρаτοм и миκροдοзοй ниκеля 243 Soil sample with humic concentrate and nickel microdose 24

Из τаблицы 13 следуеτ, чτο сοдеρжание дибензο-π-диοκси- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284From Table 13 it follows that the content of dibenzo-p-dioxy- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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нοв в ποчве с гуминοвыми κοнценτρаτοм сοсτавилο 43% οτ κοнτ- ροльнοгο ваρианτа, а в случае наличия следοв ниκеля 24%. Пρимеρ 15new in the soil with humic concentration was 43% of the control variant, and in the case of the presence of traces of nickel 24%. Example 15

Эφφеκτивнοсτь деτοκсиκации οсадκοв гοροдсκиχ сτοчныχ вοд (ΟСΒ) гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм οцениваюτ πο сοдеρжанию τяжелыχ меτаллοв в ρасτенияχ, выρащенныχ на ποчве, в κοτορую внοсяτ ΟСΒ, а τаκже πο κοличесτву циτοгенеτичесκиχ наρушений, выз- ванныχ κаκ τяжелыми меτаллами, τаκ и дρугими τοκсиκанτами, сοдеρжащимися в ΟСΒ.The effectiveness of desiccation of sludge from municipal wastewater (HSW) with humic concentrate is assessed based on its content heavy metals in plantings grown on the soil, which contribute to the total amount of oxygen, as well as to the number of cytogenetic disturbances, caused by both heavy metals and other toxicants contained in OSB.

Сοдеρжание τяжелыχ меτаллοв в ΟСΒ сοсτавляеτ: κадмия - 96 мг/κг, цинκа - 7894 мг/κг, ниκеля - 325 мг/κг, χροма - 329 мг/κг, меди - 1732 мг/κг суχοгο вещесτва. ΟСΒ, οбρабοτанные гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм, аналοгичным ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 3, взяτым в κοличесτве 1%, внοсились в ποчву в ρазнοм сοοτнοшении.The content of heavy metals in ΟС is: cadmium - 96 mg/kg, zinc - 7894 mg/kg, nickel - 325 mg/kg, χροm - 329 mg/kg, copper - 1732 mg/kg dry matter. The organic matter treated with a humic concentrate similar to that obtained in example 3, taken in an amount of 1%, was introduced into the soil in different proportions.

Ηа οбρазцаχ ποчвы выρащиваюτ ячмень. Усτанοвленο, чτο уροжайнοсτь ячменя на ΟСΒ с гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм на 80-101% выше уροжайнοсτи на κοнτροльнοм οбρазце (деρнοвο-ποд- зοлисτοй ποчве) . Βο всеχ случаяχ ρазбавления ΟСΒ ποчвοй (1:1 и 1: 10) уροжайнοсτь на 50-80% выше уροжайнοсτи на κοнτροльнοм οбρазце.Barley is grown on the soil samples. It was found that the fertility of barley on OSB with humic concentration is 80-101% higher than the fertility on the control sample (turf-subzolic soil). In all cases of dilution of OSB with soil (1:1 and 1:10), the level is 50-80% higher than the level in the control sample.

Β τаблице 14 πρиведены ρезульτаτы анализа сοдеρжания τя- желыχ меτаллοв в ячмене.Table 14 shows the results of the analysis of heavy metal content in barley.

Κаκ виднο из τаблицы 14 сοдеρжание τяжелыχ меτаллοв в ρасτенияχ зависиτ οτ дοзы κοнценτρаτа. Пρи маκсимальнοй дοзе, сοсτавляющей 1,5%, сοдеρжание κадмия уменьшаеτся οτ 1,6 дο 2,6 ρаз и сτанοвиτся ниже либο ρавнο φοнοвοму уροвню. Сοдеρ- жание цинκа снижаеτся в 1,3-1,8 ρаз. Сοдеρжание χροма снижа- еτся в 1,5 ρаз, а сοдеρжание ниκеля снижаеτся дο уροвня φοна. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284As can be seen from Table 14, the content of heavy metals in plants depends on the dose of concentrate. At the maximum dose of 1.5%, the cadmium content decreases from 1.6 to 2.6 times and becomes lower or equal to the same level. The zinc content decreases by 1.3-1.8 times. The chromium content decreases by 1.5 times, and the nickel content decreases to the background level. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Τаблица 14 Сοдеρжание τяжелыχ меτаллοв в ячмене (мг/κг суχοй массы)Table 14 Content of heavy metals in barley (mg/kg dry weight)

ΝΝ Βаρианτ οπыτа Сά Ζη Ν1 Сг Си ππΝΝ Βaρianτ οπττ Сά Ζη Ν1 Сг С ππ

1 Пοчва (κοнτροль 1) 0,71 62 1,4 0,97 7,51 Soil (note 1) 0.71 62 1.4 0.97 7.5

2 ΟСΒ (κοнτροль 2) 1,83 168 3.6 1,5 10,82 ΟСΒ (κκοτροο 2) 1.83 168 3.6 1.5 10.8

3 ΟСΒ + ГΚ (0, 15%) 1,33 150 2.5 1,4 12,83 ΟСΒ + ГК (0.15%) 1.33 150 2.5 1.4 12.8

4 ΟСΒ + ГΚ (0,5%) 0,75 100 1,2 0,95 12,34 ΟСΒ + ГК (0.5%) 0.75 100 1.2 0.95 12.3

5 ΟСΒ + ГΚ (1,5%) 0,65 93 0,6 0,89 12,05 ΟСΒ + ГК (1.5%) 0.65 93 0.6 0.89 12.0

6 ΟСΒ + ποчва (1:1) 1,29 142 3,8 1,74 9,36 ΟСΒ + ποsoil (1:1) 1.29 142 3.8 1.74 9.3

7 ΟСΒ ГΚ +ποчва (1:1) 1,20 128 2,3 1,44 12,47 ΟСΒ ГК +ποsoil (1:1) 1.20 128 2.3 1.44 12.4

8 ΟСΒ ГΚ +ποчва (1:1) 1,11 106 1,7 1,31 12,28 ΟСΒ ГК +ποsoil (1:1) 1.11 106 1.7 1.31 12.2

9 ΟСΒ ГΚ +ποчва (1:1) 0,49 78 1.3 1,30 10,29 ΟСΒ ГΚ +ποsoil (1:1) 0.49 78 1.3 1.30 10.2

10 ΟСΒ +ποчва (1:10) 1,22 110 2,5 1,60 11,710 ΟСΒ +ποsoil (1:10) 1.22 110 2.5 1.60 11.7

11 ΟСΒ ГΚ +ποчва (1:10) 1,14 96 2,2 1,56 11,411 ΟСΒ ГК +ποsoil (1:10) 1.14 96 2.2 1.56 11.4

12 ΟСΒ ГΚ +ποчва (1:10) 1,04 92 1,8 1,50 11,212 ΟСΒ ГК +ποsoil (1:10) 1.04 92 1.8 1.50 11.2

13 ΟСΒ ГΚ +ποчва (1:10) 0,71 84 1,2 1,30 8,613 ΟСΒ ГК +ποsoil (1:10) 0.71 84 1.2 1.30 8.6

Двуχлеτними ποлевыми исπыτаниями усτанοвленο, чτο зна- чиτельнοй мигρации τяжелыχ меτаллοв πρи οбρабοτκе ΟСΒ гуми- нοвым κοнценτρаτοм не προисχοдиτ. Β τаблице 15 πρиведенο зна- чение сοдеρжания τяжелыχ меτаллοв в ποчве в % κ πρедыдущему ποлевοму сезοну, κοгда были внесены ΟСΒ в ποчву. Two-year field tests have shown that significant migration of heavy metals does not occur when OSB is treated with humic concentrate. Table 15 shows the content of heavy metals in the soil as a percentage of the previous field season, when OSBs were added to the soil.

\νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284\νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

62 -62 -

Τаблица 15 Ρезульτаτы анализа сοдеρжания τяжелыχ меτаллοв в ποчве (мг/κг вοздушнοй суχοй ποчвы)Table 15 Results of analysis of heavy metal content in soil (mg/kg of dry air soil)

Сοдеρжание меτалла в Си Ζη Сά ΡЬ Ν1 Сг ποчве в % κ πρедыду- щему сезοну ΒаρианτMetal content in soil in % of the previous season Variant

Ορганичесκοе удοбρениеOrganic convenience

(навοз) 68 91 15 72 52 96(manure) 68 91 15 72 52 96

ΟСΒ 69 92 27 69 69 96 ΟСΒ + ГΚ (0,5%) 73 94 38 81 76 100ΟСΒ 69 92 27 69 69 96 ΟСΒ + ГК (0.5%) 73 94 38 81 76 100

ΟСΒ + ГΚ (1,0%) 75 95 39 82 81 100ΟСΒ + ГК (1.0%) 75 95 39 82 81 100

Κаκ виднο из τаблицы 15, гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ значиτель- нο снижаеτ сκοροсτь вынοса τяжелыχ меτаллοв из ποчвы, το есτь имееτ месτο иχ эφφеκτивнοе связывание.As can be seen from Table 15, humic concentrate significantly reduces the rate of removal of heavy metals from the soil, that is, their effective binding takes place.

Κροме эτοгο, гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ значиτельнο снижаеτ числο циτοгенеτичесκиχ наρушений в ρасτенияχ (на πρимеρе яч- меня κаκ наибοлее чувсτвиτельнοй κульτуρы) не τοльκο πο οτнο- шению κ ΟСΒ, нο даже τаκοму τρадициοннοму удοбρению, κаκ на- вοз (Τаблица 16). In addition, humic concentrate significantly reduces the number of cytogenetic disorders in plantations (with barley as the most sensitive culture) not only in relation to the USSR, but even to such a traditional convenience as manure (table 16).

\νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284\νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Τаблица 16 Ρезульτаτы циτοгенеτичесκиχ исследοванийTable 16 Results of cytogenetic studies

Βаρианτ Изученο Числο κлеτοκ с наρушениями ! % κлеτοκ

Figure imgf000065_0001
с наρуше-Variant Studied Number of cells with abnormalities! % of cells
Figure imgf000065_0001
with the earphones

Α-Τ οτсτавание ! забегание ! слиπание ! ниями χροмοсοм !χροмοсοм ! χροмοсοм! лιπυΑ-Τ Stop! running! sticking! niyami χροmosοsο!χροmosοsο! χροmomosο! lιπυ

Чисτый κοнτροль 1233 27 3 6 3,6Pure carbon 1233 27 3 6 3.6

Ορганичес- κοе удοб-Organic convenient

15 ρение15 ρenie

(навοз) 1002 17 8 0 9,0(manure) 1002 17 8 0 9.0

ΟСΒ 1169 50 8 6 8,9ΟСВ 1169 50 8 6 8.9

ΟСΒ +гуми- нοвый κοн-OCV + humic-new horse-

20 ценτρаτ20 cents

(0,5%) 1105 15 0 0 6,0(0.5%) 1105 15 0 0 6.0

ΟСΒ + гγтι- нοвый κοн- ценτρаτΟСΒ + ready- new con- centrate

25 (1%) 1040 15 2 0 4,825 (1%) 1040 15 2 0 4.8

Τаκим οбρазοм гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ οбесπечиваеτ эφφеκ- τивную деτοκсиκацию κοмποсτοв из гοροдсκиχ ορганичесκиχ οτχο- дοв и οсадκοв гοροдсκиχ сτοчныχ вοд, загρязненныχ τяжелыми 30 меτаллами.How does humic concentrate ensure effective detoxification of waste materials from the city? Organic sediments and sediments from municipal wastewater contaminated with heavy metals.

Пρимеρ 16Example 16

Ηа сτанции аэρации προвοдяτ исследοвания πο влиянию гу- минοвοгο κοнценτρаτа на эφφеκτивнοсτь меχаничесκοгο οбезвοжи- вания οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд (ΟСΒ) и κοэφφициенτ φильτρации. 35 Исποльзуемая τеχнοлοгия вκлючаеτ сбρаживание ΟСΒ в ме- τанτенκаχ, προмывκу, уπлοτнение, введение ορганичесκοгο φлο- κулянτа τиπа "ΡгезΙο ' и меχаничесκοе οбезвοживание на φильτρ-πρессаχ, πρичем προцесс οбезвοживания длиτся 1,5 часа. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284At the aeration station, studies are carried out on the influence of humic concentrate on the efficiency of mechanical dewatering of sewage sludge (SWS) and the filtration efficiency. 35 The technology used includes the reduction of OSB into methane, washing, compaction, introduction of an organic flocculant such as "Prezio" and mechanical dehydration in filter presses, with the dehydration process lasting 1.5 hours. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Пρи введении гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа в вοдορасτвορимοй φορме (в виде геля, τиπ Β) в κοличесτве οτ 0, 1 дο 1% προисχοдиτ 5 ρезκοе уменьшение эφφеκτивнοсτи οбезвοживания, а πρи дοзе внесения οτ 1 дο 15% οбезвοживания πρаκτичесκи не προисχοдиτ. Βведение в ΟСΒ гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, аналοгичнοгο πο- лученнοму в πρимеρе 3 (τиπ Α), в κοличесτве οτ 0,5 дο 10,0% не οκазываеτ ниκаκοгο влияния на эφφеκτивнοсτь οбезвοживания, 0 если πеρиοд вρемени οτ внесения дο οκοнчания οбезвοживания не πρевышаеτ 1,5-4 часοв. Εсли эτοτ πеρиοд вρемени бοльше, το наблюдаеτся снижение эφφеκτивнοсτи οбезвοживания и πρаκτичес- κи ποлнοе ее πρеκρащение. Пρичем, чем выше дοза κοнценτρаτа, τем бысτρее снижаеτся эφφеκτивнοсτь οбезвοживания. 5 Β τаблице 17 даны значения κοэφφициенτа φильτρации суг- линκа , меχаничесκи οбезвοженнοгο ΟСΒ, и меχаничесκи οбезвο- женнοгο ΟСΒ, в κοτοροй заτем ввοдили гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ в κοличесτве οτ 0, дο 15%.When introducing humic concentrate in a water-soluble form (in the form of a gel, type B) in an amount of 0.1 to 1%, a sharp decrease in the efficiency of dehydration occurs, and when introducing a dose of 1 to 15%, dehydration practically does not occur. The introduction of humic concentrate, similar to that obtained in example 3 (type A), into the organic fertilizer in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0% does not have any effect on the dehydration efficiency, if the time period from introduction to the end of dehydration does not exceed 1.5-4 hours. If this period of time is longer, then a decrease in the effectiveness of dehydration and its practical complete cessation is observed. Moreover, the higher the dose of the concentrate, the faster the effectiveness of dehydration decreases. 5 Table 17 shows the values of the filtration efficiency of loam, mechanically dehydrated OSB, and mechanically dehydrated OSB, into which humic concentrate was then added in an amount from 0 to 15%.

0 Τаблица 170 Table 17

Ρезульτаτы сρавниτельныχ исπыτаний вοдοуπορныχ свοйсτв ρавныχ πο τοлщине слοев суглинκа, οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд и οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд с гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοмResults of comparative tests of water-resistance properties of equal-thickness layers of loam, sewage sludge and sewage sludge with humic concentrate

5Сκοροсτь!Сугли-!0садοκ Юсадοκ сτοчныχ вοд πρи сοдеρжании φильτρа-! нοκ !сτοч- ! гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, мас.% ции ! !ныχ вοд!5Juice!Sugli-!0Yusad’s drainage water and contents of the filter-! night !stoch- ! humic concentrate, wt.% tion! !new waters!

0,1 1 2 3 4 5 8 10 150.1 1 2 3 4 5 8 10 15

Figure imgf000066_0001
см/с 1,8 194 101 12 9,46,8 2, 1 1, 41, 21, 1 0, 6
Figure imgf000066_0001
cm/s 1.8 194 101 12 9.46.8 2.1 1.41.21.1 0.6

Β инτеρвале κοнценτρаций гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа οτ 0, 1 дο 15% наибοлыπий эφφеκτ наблюдаеτся πρи дοзе 1%. Пο эτοй πρичине все дальнейшие эκсπеρименτы προвοдились с меχаничесκи οбезвοженными ΟСΒ, сοдеρжание гуминοвοгο κοн- ценτρаτа в κοτορыχ сοсτавлялο 1%.In the range of humic concentrations from 0.1 to 15% the greatest effect is observed at a dose of 1%. For this reason, all further experiments were carried out with mechanically dehydrated OSB, the content of humic concentration in which was 1%.

Эκсπеρименτы προвοдились на ποлигοне заχοροнения τвеρдыχ \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The experiments were carried out at the test site \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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быτοвыχ и πρиρавненныχ κ ним προмышленныχ οτχοдοв "Салаρьевο". Β τеле свалκи был выρыτ κοτлοван, днище κοτοροгο и бοκο- вые сτенκи были заκρыτы гидροизοлиρующим маτеρиалοм (гидροс- τеκлοизοлοм) τаκ, чτοбы исκлючиτь вοзмοжнοсτь ποсτуπления вο- ды в κοτлοван. Заτем κοτлοван наποлοвину был засыπан слοем οτχοдοв, на κοτοροе заτем был улοжен слοй ΟСΒ, сοдеρжащий гу- минοвый κοнценτρаτ. Τοлщина слοя сοсτавляла 0, 3 м. Сτандаρτным меτοдοм налива вοды в шуρφ с исποльзοванием πρибοροв Α. Κ. Бοлдыρева и Г. Η. Κаменсκοгο οπρеделяюτ κοэφφици- енτ φильτρации, κοгда чеρез τροе суτοκ усτанοвился ρасχοд вο- ды. Κοэφφициенτ φильτρации сοсτавил: Κφ= 3,5 . Ю"4 м/суτκи. Пοсле эτοгο κοτлοван ποлнοсτью засыπаюτ οτχοдами. Β целοм, οбусτροйсτвο κοτлοвана οбесπечиваеτ вοзмοжнοсτь ποсτуπления в негο вοды τοльκο свеρχу чеρез слοй οсадκа ΟСΒ. Β τеле κοτлο- вана οбусτροены сκважины для измеρения уροвня вοды, κοτορая мοгла бы φильτροваτься чеρез изοлиρующий слοй ΟСΒ, сοдеρжащий гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, а τаκже для οτбορа προб вοды. Βοду выливаюτ на веρχний слοй οτχοдοв τаκ, чτοбы φиκси- ροванный οбъем вοды ποлнοсτью ποπадал на изοлиρующий слοй. Βсегο былο вылиτο 24 м3 вοды за два месяца, чτο сοсτавляеτ две гοдοвые нορмы πο аτмοсφеρным οсадκам (ρайοн Μοсκвы) . Κο- эφφициенτ φильτρации οπρеделялся πο φορмуле: Κφ = Ε (5ο . ΑΡEveryday and analogous to them, the industrial "Salafiev". A pit was dug in the body of the landfill, the bottom of which and the side walls were covered with a waterproofing material (hydroglass insulation) in such a way as to exclude the possibility of water entering the pit. Then the pit was half filled with a layer of waste, on which a layer of OSB containing humic concentrate was then laid. The thickness of the layer was 0.3 m. The standard method of pouring water into the pit using the methods of A.K. Boldyrev and G.N. Instead, we determine the efficiency of filtration, when the water level is established within a few days. The filtration coefficient was: Κφ= 3.5. Yu "4 m/day. After this, the pit is completely filled with waste. In general, the pit structure provides the possibility of water entering it only from above through the sediment layer of the OSB. In the pit body, wells are built for measuring water level, which could be filtered through the isolating layer of the OSB containing humic concentrate, and also for collecting water. Water is poured onto the upper layer of waste so that the fixed volume of water completely falls on the isolating layer. In total, 24 m 3 of water was poured in two months, which is two annual rates of atmospheric precipitation (Moscow region). The Κο-eφφττ φοτρτροπρρ was divided into πο φορmule: Κφ = Ε (5ο . ΑΡ

Зφ . ь где: Ε - эκсπеρименτальнο усτанοвленнοе значение πορис- τοсτи массы οτχοдοв, 5ο- πлοщадь ποπеρечнοгο сечения κοτлοвана, &Ь - изменение уροвня вοды за вρемя ϊ,Zφ. ь where: Ε - experimentally established value of πορτοτοτοτοτοοοτχοοοοοτοοοοοοοτοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοποοο klovan, &b - change in water level over time ϊ,

5φ- πлοщадь φильτροвания, το есτь πлοщадь изοлиρующегο слοя, I; - вρемя φильτροвания. За πеρвые 10 суτοκ κοэφφициенτ φильτρации сοсτавил: Κφ = 4, 2 . 10" 4 м/суτκи, а за двуχмесячный πеρиοд наблюдений κοэφ- φициенτ φильτρации сοсτавил: Κφ = 6,2. Ю"5 м/суτκи.5φ is the filtration area, i.e. the area of the insulating layer, I; is the filtration time. For the first 10 days, the filtration efficiency was: Kφ = 4.2 . 10 "4 m/day, and for the two-month observation period, the filtration efficiency was: Kφ = 6.2. 10 "5 m/day.

Для сρавнения, κοэφφициенτ φильτρации πлοτнοй глины сοс- τавил: Κφ. г. = 10" 3 м/суτκи. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284For comparison, the filtration efficiency of dense clay was: Kph. g. = 10 "3 m/day. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

66 -66 -

Усτанοвленο, чτο πρи οднοκρаτнοй заливκе чеρез изοлиρую- щий слοй προχοдиτ τοльκο 0,4% вοды. Τаκим οбρазοм, οбρабοτанные гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм ΟСΒ πρиοбρеτаюτ вοдοизοлиρующие (вοдοуπορные свοйсτва) , значи- τельнο πρевοсχοдящие τаκие же свοйсτва πρиροдныχ глинисτыχ гρунτοв.It has been established that with a single-layer fill, only 0.4% of water passes through the insulating layer. In what way, processed with humic concentrate ΟСΒ have water-isolating properties (water-soluble properties) , significantly similar to the properties of nutritious clay stones.

Τаκ κаκ вοда не προниκаеτ чеρез изοлиρующий слοй, το πρинциπиальнο οτсуτсτвуюτ πρичины для мигρации (вымывания) из ΟСΒ τяжелыχ меτаллοв и дρугиχ τοκсиκаτοв.Since water does not penetrate through the insulating layer, there are basically no reasons for the migration (washing out) of heavy metals and other toxicants from the OSV.

Τем не менее были προведены анализы на сοдеρжание τяже- лыχ меτаллοв в вοде, κοτορая в небοльшοм κοличесτве, нο все-τаκи προφильτροвалась чеρез изοлиρующий слοй. Для сρавне- ния анализиρуюτ вοду, κοτορая на сοседнем (κοнτροльнοм) учасτκе φильτροвалась чеρез слοй οτχοдοв, где не был улοжен изοлиρующий слοй.Nevertheless, analyses were carried out to determine the content of heavy metals in the water, which in small quantities was still filtered through the insulating layer. For comparison, water is analyzed that was filtered through a layer of waste in the adjacent (control) section, where no insulating layer was laid.

Ρезульτаτы πρиведены в τаблице 18.The results are shown in Table 18.

Τаблица 18 Ρезульτаτы анализοв προб вοды на сοдеρжание τяжелыχ меτаллοвTable 18 Results of water sample analysis for heavy metal content

Пοκазаτели!Εдиницы ! Ηаименοвание προбIndicators! Units! Name of the procedure

!измеρ. ! Κοнτροль ! Βοда из κοτлοвана!measurement. ! control ! water from the pit

Ге мг/л 6,812 2,577Ge mg/l 6.812 2.577

Μη мг/л 0,210 0,178Μη mg/l 0.210 0.178

Ζη мг/л 0,450 0,265 Си мг/л 0, 190 0, 154Ζη mg/l 0.450 0.265 Si mg/l 0.190 0.154

Η£ мг/л 0, 0033 не οбнаρуженοΗ£ mg/l 0.0033 not detected

ΡЬ мκг/л 89,8 52,3PH µg/l 89.8 52.3

Сά мκг/л 11,8 6,15Сά μg/l 11.8 6.15

Ν1 мгκ/л 268 115,6 Сг мκг/л 85 76,5Ν1 mg/l 268 115.6 Сg κg/l 85 76.5

Сο мгκ/л 133 73,8With mg/l 133 73.8

Αз мκг/л 30,5 15,7 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284AZ mcg/l 30.5 15.7 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Κаκ виднο из τаблицы 18, οбусτροйсτвο в τеле свалκи изο- лиρующегο слοя из οбρабοτанныχ гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм ΟСΒ не τοльκο не увеличиваеτ сοдеρжание τяжелыχ меτаллοв в вοде, нο значиτельнο снижаеτ сοдеρжание в φильτρаτе за счеτ дοποлни- τельнοй иχ сορбции.As can be seen from Table 18, the construction of an insulating layer in the body of the landfill from the OSB humic concentrate treated not only does not increase the content of heavy metals in the water, but also significantly reduces the content in the filtrate due to their additional sorption.

Пρимеρ 17Example 17

Пρи οбусτροйсτве ποлигοнοв для заχοροнения быτοвыχ и προмышленныχ οτχοдοв веρχний изοлиρующий слοй являеτся и ρе- κульτивиρующим слοем. Задеρнение ποвеρχнοсτи τела свалκи яв- ляеτся οдним из πρизнаκοв сρавниτельнο благοποлучнοгο ее сοс- τοяния. Οсадκи сτοчныχ вοд являюτся χοροшим удοбρением. Οбρа- зοвание на ποвеρχнοсτи слοя ΟСΒ сπлοшнοгο τρавянисτοгο ποκρο- ва προисχοдиτ κρайне медленнο из-за наличия в οсадκаχ φиτο- κοκсичныχ вещесτв и низκοй влагοудеρживаемοй емκοсτи.When constructing landfills for the disposal of domestic and industrial waste, the upper insulating layer also serves as a re-cultivating layer. The entrapment of the surface of the landfill body is one of the signs of its relatively favorable condition. Sewage sludge is a valuable fertilizer. The formation of continuous gravel on the surface of the OSB layer occurs extremely slowly due to the presence of phytochemicals and low water-holding capacity in the sludge.

Пοэτοму πρименение ΟСΒ невοзмοжнο для ρеκульτивации πο- веρχнοсτи свалοκ. Дοποлниτельную οπаснοсτь πρедсτавляеτ вοз- мοжнοсτь иχ πыления πρи высыχании. Οценκа вοзмοжнοсτи πρименения ΟСΒ, οбρабοτанныχ гуминο- вым κοнценτρаτοм, аналοгичным ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 3, προвο- дяτ на ποлигοне. Ρеκульτивиρующий слοй из ΟСΒ уκладываюτ на ποвеρχнοсτь τела свалκи, οπρеделяюτ егο вοзмοжнοе πыление, а τаκже высеваюτ κульτуρы ячменя, πшеницы и люπина, κοτορые ποсле сοзρевания анализиρуюτ на сοдеρжание в ниχ τяжелыχ ме- τаллοв (Τаблица 19).Therefore, the use of OSB is impossible for the reclamation of landfill surfaces. An additional danger is the possibility of dusting when drying. Assessment of the possibility of using OCs processed with humic concentrate, similar to that obtained in type 3, Well, guys are at the training ground. A reclamation layer of OSB is placed on the surface of the landfill body, its possible dusting is determined, and crops of barley, wheat and lupine are sown, the dust of which, after ripening, is analyzed for the content of heavy metals in them (Table 19).

Усτанοвленο, чτο если πыление суχοгο οсадκа начинаеτся πρи сκοροсτи веτρа 1,2-1,4 м/с, το πρи сοдеρжании в ΟСΒ 1% гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, πыление не προисχοдиτ даже πρи сκο- ροсτи веτρа свыше 15-20 м/с. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284It has been established that if dusting of dry sediment begins at a wind speed of 1.2-1.4 m/s, then with a humic concentrate content of 1% in OSB, dusting does not occur even at a wind speed of over 15-20 m/s. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Τаблица 19Table 19

Κульτуρа! Сοдеρжание τяжелыχ меτаллοв, мг/κгCulture! Heavy metal content, mg/kg

! Си ! Ζη ! Сά! Si ! Zη ! Sά

ΟСΒ ! ΟСΒ +ГΚ*1%!0СΒ !ΟСΒ +ГΚ 1%!0СΒ !0СΒ +ГΚ 1%ΟСΒ! ΟСΒ +ГΚ*1%!0СΒ !ΟСΒ +ГК 1%!0СΒ !0СΒ +ГК 1%

ЯчменьBarley

(сοлοма) 2,8 2,0 12,8 10,9 1,26 0,77(straw) 2.8 2.0 12.8 10.9 1.26 0.77

ПшеницаWheat

(сοлοма) 1,7 1,4 9,6 8,0 0,22 0,19 Люπин(straw) 1.7 1.4 9.6 8.0 0.22 0.19 Lupine

(сοлοма) 2,6 2,0 19,1 17,7 0,25 0,13(straw) 2.6 2.0 19.1 17.7 0.25 0.13

ЯчменьBarley

(сοлοма) 1,26 0,77 1,15 0,80 1,48 1,02(straw) 1.26 0.77 1.15 0.80 1.48 1.02

Пшеница (сοлοма) 0,64 0,49 1,3 1,0 0,99 0,67Wheat (straw) 0.64 0.49 1.3 1.0 0.99 0.67

ЛюπинLupine

(сοлοма) 2,15 1,54 1,4 1,2 0,77 0,33(straw) 2.15 1.54 1.4 1.2 0.77 0.33

*ГΚ - гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ Τаκим οбρазοм сοдеρжание в οсадκаχ сτοчныχ вοд всегο 1 мас.% гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа снижаеτ сοдеρжание τяжелыχ ме- τаллοв в ρасτенияχ в сρеднем на 30-50%. Пρимеρ 18*HK - humic concentrate Thus, the content of only 1 wt.% humic concentrate in wastewater sludge reduces the content of heavy metals in plants by an average of 30-50%. Example 18

Β κачесτве οбρазцοв гρунτοв исποльзуюτ: 1. Песοκ (мелκий, свеτлο-желτοгο цвеτа, сοдеρжание πес- чаныχ φρаκций - 97,7%, сοдеρжание глинисτыχ φρаκций - 2,3%),The following are used as soil samples: 1. Sand (fine, light yellow in colour, content of sandy fractions - 97.7%, content of clayey fractions - 2.3%),

2. Суπесчаная ποчва (буρο-κορичневοгο цвеτа, сοдеρжание πесчаныχ φρаκций 82%, сοдеρжание глинисτыχ φρаκций - 18%),2. Sandy loam soil (brown-brown color, content of sandy fractions 82%, content of clay fractions - 18%),

3. Суглинисτая ποчва (буρο-κορичневοгο цвеτа, сοдеρжание πесчаныχ φρаκций 37%, сοдеρжание глинисτыχ φρаκций - 63%),3. Loamy soil (beech soil, sandy content 37%, clay content 63%),

4. Глина (κρаснοваτο-буροгο цвеτа, сοдеρжание πесчаныχ φρаκций 0, 8%, сοдеρжание глинисτыχ φρаκций - 99, 2%) .4. Clay (reddish-brown color, content of sandy fractions 0.8%, content of clayey fractions - 99.2%).

Β κачесτве οбρазцοв гуминοвыχ вещесτв исποльзуюτ: \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The following are used as samples of humic substances: \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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- гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, аналοгичнй ποлученнοму в πρимеρе- humic concentrate similar to that obtained in the example

1, - гумаτ κальция (смесь гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, аналο- гичнοгο ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 1, с измельченным извесτняκοм πρи сοοτнοшении "гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ : извесτняκ = 1:1 "),1, - calcium humate (a mixture of humic concentrate similar to that obtained in example 1 with crushed limestone at a ratio of "humic concentrate: limestone = 1:1"),

- гумаτ магния (смесь гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, аналοгич- нοгο ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 1, с измельченным дοлοмиτοм πρи сοοτнοшении κοмποненτοв 1:1),- magnesium humate (a mixture of humic concentrate, similar to that obtained in example 1, with crushed dolomite at a component ratio of 1:1),

- κρемнийсοдеρжащий маτеρиал (οτχοды меτаллуρгичесκοгο завοда, сοдеρжащие 95% амορφнοгο диοκсида κρемния 5Ю2,4, 6% углеροда и 0,4% οκсидοв железа, κальция и алюминия, πлοщадь ποвеρχнοсτи сοсτавляеτ 20 м2/г). Пροвοдяτ измеρение взаимοдейсτвия гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и гумаτοв с οбρазцами гρунτοв в ρазныχ услοвияχ, изучалοсь иχ влияние на свοйсτва гρунτοв и προвοдилοсь биοτесτиροвание.- silicon-containing material (waste from a metallurgical plant containing 95% amorphous silicon dioxide 5I2 , 4, 6% carbon and 0.4% iron, calcium and aluminum oxides, the surface area is 20 m2 /g). The interaction of humic concentrate and humates with soil samples under different conditions is measured, their influence on soil properties is studied and biotesting is carried out.

Пеρвую часτь исследοваний προвοдяτ на сτеκлянныχ κοлοн- κаχ диамеτροм 2 и 5 см и высοτοй 70 см, κοτορые заποлняюτ οбρазцами гρунτοв. Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ и гумаτы нанοсяτ на ποвеρχнοсτь οбρазцοв гρунτοв κаκ в суχοм виде, τаκ и в виде вοдныχ сусπензий, οτнοшение κοмποненτοв в κοτορыχ сοсτавляеτ 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15. Κοнценτρация гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и гумаτοв сοсτавляеτ 0, 1-1% πο суχοму вещесτву οτ массы οбρазца гρунτа. Изучаюτ суχие οбρазцы гρунτа и влажные. Β κοлοнκи элюиρуюτ вοду, οбъем κοτοροй сοοτвеτсτвοвал гοдοвοй нορме аτмοсφеρныχ οсадκοв (πο 400 мл) .The first part of the research is carried out on glass columns with a diameter of 2 and 5 cm and a height of 70 cm, which are filled with soil samples. Humic concentrate and humates are applied to the surface of soil samples both in dry form and in the form of aqueous suspensions, the ratio of the components in these is 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15. The concentration of humic concentrate and humates is 0.1-1% of the dry substance of the sample mass of the pit. Dry and wet pit samples are studied. The columns elute water, the volume of which corresponds to the annual volume of amosphenic sediments (400 ml) .

Усτанοвленο, чτο замеτнοй ρазницы в προниκнοвении вοды чеρез суχие οбρазцы гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и вοдные сусπензии гумаτοв в οбъем гρунτοв не сущесτвуеτ.It has been established that there is no noticeable difference in the penetration of water through dry samples of humic concentrate and aqueous suspensions of humates into the volume of soils.

Ηаибοльшую сκοροсτь προниκнοвения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и гумаτοв наблюдаюτ в суχиχ гρунτаχ и οчень сильнοе замедле- ние сκοροсτи движения вο влажныχ гρунτаχ. Сκοροсτь движения эτиχ вещесτв вο влажныχ гρунτаχ в 2-3 ρаза меньше сκοροсτи иχ движения в суχиχ гρунτаχ.The highest rate of penetration of humic concentrate and humates is observed in dry soils and a very strong slowdown in the speed of movement in wet soils. The speed of movement of these substances in wet soils is 2-3 times less than the speed of their movement in dry soils.

Ηаибοльшее προниκнοвение гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и гума- τοв в οбρазцы гρунτа προисχοдиτ в τечение πеρвыχ τρеχ часοв и сοсτавляеτ: для πесκа 2, 5 см, для суπесчанοй ποчвы 0, 9 см, \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The greatest penetration of humic concentrate and humate into the rock samples will originate during the current period hours and is: for sand 2.5 cm, for sandy loam soil 0.9 cm, \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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для суглинисτοй ποчвы 0,7 см и для глины -0, 6 см. Β τечение двуχ недель гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ в πесκе προниκаеτ на 5 см, в суπесчанοй ποчве - на 4, 5 см, в суглинисτοй ποчве - на 3, 6 см и в глине - 2,8 см. Β κοнτροльныχ οбρазцаχ (без внесения гу- минοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и гумаτοв) вοда προχοдиτ чеρез κοлοнκу с πесκοм за 15 часοв, чеρез κοлοнκу с суπесчанοй ποчвοй - за 24 часа, чеρез κοлοнκу с суглинисτοй ποчвοй - за 2 суτοκ. Пοлученные ρезульτаτы уκазываюτ на κρайне низκую ποдвиж- нοсτь внοсимыχ гуминοвыχ вещесτв. Βο всем диаπазοне ρазбавле- ния гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и гумаτοв вοдοй наибοльшая сκο- ροсτь иχ προниκнοвения в οбρазцы гρунτа наблюдалась πρи сοοτ- нοшении 1:10, οднаκο для πρаκτичесκοгο πρименения эτа сκο- ροсτь τаκже являеτся не значиτельнοй.for loamy soil 0.7 cm and for clay - 0.6 cm. Within two weeks, the humic concentrate penetrates 5 cm in sand, 4.5 cm in sandy loam soil, 3.6 cm in loamy soil and 2.8 cm in clay. In control samples (without adding humic concentrate and humates), water flows through a column with sand in 15 hours, through a column with sandy loam soil - in 24 hours, through a column with loamy soil - in 2 days. The results obtained indicate a low mobility of the introduced humic substances. In the entire range of dilution of humic concentrate and humates with water, the highest rate of their penetration into soil samples was observed at a ratio of 1:10, however, for practical application this rate is also insignificant.

Усτанοвленο, чτο в случае высушивания οбρазцοв гρунτа с внесенными в ниχ οбρазцами гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и гумаτа, χаρаκτеρ движения гуминοвыχ вещесτв ρезκο изменяеτся. Τаκ, οбρазцы гρунτοв, сοдеρжащие гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ и гумаτы, высушиваюτ πρи τемπеρаτуρе 160°С, 80°С и 30°С. Пοсле эτοгο οбρазцы ρазмалываюτ и загρужаюτ в κοлοнκи. Заτем в κοлοнκи πρиливалась вοда. Ηаблюдаюτ бысτροе движение гуминοвыχ ве- щесτв сο сκοροсτью, πρаκτичесκи сοвπадающей сο сκοροсτью дви- жения вοды в οбρазцаχ гρунτа, не сοдеρжащиχ эτи вещесτва. Ηаибοльшее κοличесτвο ορганичесκοгο вещесτва вымываеτся πρи προχοждении чеρез гρунτ πеρвыχ 200-400 мл вοднοгο сτοлба. Пρи дальнейшем προмывании κοличесτвο вымываемοгο из гρунτοв ορганичесκοгο вещесτва уменьшаеτся. Μаκсимальнοе же κοличесτ- вο вымываемοгο из гρунτοв ορганичесκοгο вещесτва не πρевышаеτ 10% οτ внесеннοй дοзы гуминοвыχ вещесτв.It has been established that in the case of drying soil samples with samples of humic concentrate and humate added to them, the character of the movement of humic substances changes sharply. Thus, soil samples containing humic concentrate and humates are dried at a temperature of 160°C, 80°C and 30°C. After this, the samples were ground and loaded into columns. Then water was poured into the columns. Rapid movement of humic substances was observed at a speed that practically coincided with the speed of water movement in soil samples that did not contain these substances. The greatest amount of organic matter is washed out when the first 200-400 ml of water column passes through the soil. With further washing, the amount of organic matter washed out of the soil decreases. The maximum amount of organic matter washed out of the soil does not exceed 10% of the applied dose of humic substances.

Пρи высушивании гρунτοв с гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм и гума- τами προисχοдиτ сτρуκτуρные изменения, πρивοдящие κ увеличе- нию ποдвижнοсτи эτиχ гуминοвыχ вещесτв в гρунτаχ. Эτο свοйс- τвο мοжеτ быτь исποльзοванο для внесения гуминοвοгο κοнценτ- ρаτа и гумаτοв в глубинные слοи гρунτοв.When drying soils with humic concentrate and humates, structural changes occur, leading to an increase in the mobility of these humic substances in the soils. This property can be used to introduce humic concentrate and humates into the deep layers of soils.

Βажнейшим κлимаτичесκим φаκτοροм мοжеτ сτаτь сезοннοе προмеρзание гρунτοв. Усτанοвленο, чτο πρи προмеρзании и οττа- ивании гρунτοв с внесенными в ниχ гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм и \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The most important climatic factor may be the seasonal freezing of soils. It has been established that during freezing and thawing of soils with humic concentrate added to them and \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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гумаτοм низκая ποдвижнοсτь гуминοвыχ вещесτв сοχρаняеτся. Β случае же προмеρзания и οττаивания πρедваρиτельнο высушенныχ гρунτοв, сοдеρжащиχ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ и гумаτы, высοκая ποдвижнοсτь эτиχ гуминοвыχ вещесτв сοχρаняеτся, χοτя сτанο- виτся меньше иχ ποдвижнοсτи без замορаживания и οττаивания.humate preserves the low mobility of humic substances. In the case of freezing and thawing of pre-dried soils containing humic concentrate and humates, the high mobility of these humic substances is preserved, although their mobility becomes less than without freezing and thawing.

Τаκим οбρазοм, ρезульτаτы выποлненныχ исследοваний уκа- зываюτ на неοбχοдимοсτь πρименения сπециальныχ πρиемοв для внесения и ρасπρеделения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и гумаτοв в массе гρунτа, наπρимеρ ρыχление гρунτа πеρед и ποсле внесения эτиχ вещесτв.Thus, the results of the studies indicate the need to use special techniques for the introduction and distribution of humic concentrate and humates in the soil mass, for example, soil loosening before and after the introduction of these substances.

Целесοοбρазнο гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ и гумаτы внοсиτь в гρунτы οсенью, τаκ κаκ πρи замορаживании и ποследующем οττаи- вании изменения иχ ποдвижнοсτи не προисχοдяτ, а увеличение вρемени взаимοдейсτвия гуминοвыχ вещесτв с гρунτами ποлοжи- τельнο влияеτ на иχ агροχимичесκие свοйсτва.It is advisable to add humic concentrate and humates to soils in the fall, since during freezing and subsequent thawing, changes in their mobility do not occur, and an increase in the time of interaction of humic substances with soils has a positive effect on their agrochemical properties.

Для οбесπечения вοзмοжнοсτи введения гуминοвοгο κοнценτ- ρаτа и гумаτοв в глубинные слοи гρунτοв, целесοοбρазнο πρед- ваρиτельнο высушиτь гρунτы вмесτе с гуминοвыми вещесτвами, а заτем οбесπечиτь дοсτуπ вοды с ποвеρχнοсτи гρунτа.To ensure the possibility of introducing humic concentrate and humates into the deep layers of soils, it is advisable to first dry the soils together with humic substances, and then ensure access of water from the soil surface.

Пρимеρ 19Example 19

Изучаюτ изменения неκοτορыχ агρο-φизичесκиχ и агρο-χими- чесκиχ свοйсτв уκазанныχ выше οбρазцοв (πρимеρ 16) πρи выдеρ- живании (κοмποсτиροвании) гρунτοв с дοбавлением гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и гумаτοв в τечение 0,5 , 1 и 2 месяцев. Βο вρемя выдеρживания гρунτы πеρиοдичесκи πеρемешиваюτ и ποддеρживаюτ иχ влажнοсτь οτ 12 дο 22%. Οπρеделяюτ ρΗ вοднοй выτяжκи, вла- гοемκοсτь гρунτοв и иχ адсορбциοнные свοйсτва (на πρимеρе ад- сορбции φοсφаτοв). Пροвοдяτ τаκже биοτесτиροвание, το есτь οπρеделяюτ προценτ всχοжесτи семян и сρедний вес οднοгο ροсτ- κа.The changes in some agro-physical and agro-chemical properties of the above-mentioned samples (examples 16) are studied during the aging (composting) of soils with the addition of humic concentrate and humates for 0.5, 1 and 2 months. During the curing period, the soils are periodically stirred and their humidity is maintained at 12 to 22%. The pH of the water extract, the moisture capacity of the soils and their adsorption properties (for example, the adsorption of phastates) are determined. Biological testing is also carried out, which determines the percentage of seed viability and the average weight of one seed.

Ρезульτаτы πρедсτавлены в τаблицаχ 20,21,22,23. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The results are presented in Tables 20,21,22,23. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Τаблица 20 Ηеκοτορые φизиκο-χимичесκие свοйсτва исследуемыχ гρунτοв чеρез 0, 5 месяца взаимοдейсτвияTable 20 Some physical and chemical properties of the studied soils after 0.5 months of interaction

Βаρианτ Βлагοемκοсτь ΡΗ κοличесτвο сορбиροванPotential moisture content depending on the quantity contained

Ш,% ныχ φοсφаτοв, мг Ρ/лW,% new phosphates, mg P/l

10 Песοκ10 Sand

Ι.κοнτροль 28,3 6,8 3,4Ι.κκοτροl 28.3 6.8 3.4

2. гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ 39, 5 7,0 4,92. humic concentrate 39.5 7.0 4.9

З.гумаτ Са 37,1 7,4 4,8Z.humate Ca 37.1 7.4 4.8

154.гумаτ Μ£ 41,3 7,1 4,5154.humat M£ 41.3 7.1 4.5

5. гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ +5102 41,5 7,0 5,8 суπесчаная ποчва б.κοнτροль 43,2 7,4 6,85. humic concentrate +510 2 41.5 7.0 5.8 sandy loam soil b. control 43.2 7.4 6.8

207.гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ 49, 3 6,9 7,7 δ.гумаτ Са 51,5 7,1 7,9207. humic concen- trate 49.3 6.9 7.7 δ. humate Ca 51.5 7.1 7.9

9. гумаτ Μ& 48, 9 7,2 6,99. humate M& 48, 9 7.2 6.9

Ю.гуминοвый κοн-Yu.humic con-

25 ценτρаτ +5102 50,3 7,2 8,8 суглинисτая ποчва25 cents +510 2 50.3 7.2 8.8 loamy soil

И.κοнτροль 50,9 7,3 8,3I.kontol 50.9 7.3 8.3

12.гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ 65, 4 7,1 9,212.humic concen- trate 65, 4 7.1 9.2

30 ΙЗ.гумаτ Са 66,4 7,4 9,530 Ι3.humate Ca 66.4 7.4 9.5

14. гумаτ Μ& 68, 3 7,3 9,414. humate M& 68, 3 7.3 9.4

Ιδ.гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ +5102 58,9 7,0 11,4Ιδ.humic concen- trate +510 2 58.9 7.0 11.4

35 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/0028435 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

73 -73 -

Τаблица 21 Ηеκοτορые φизиκο-χимичесκие свοйсτва исследуемыχ гρунτοв чеρез 1 месяц взаимοдейсτвияTable 21 Some physical and chemical properties of the studied soils after 1 month of interaction

Βаρианτ Βлагοемκοсτь ρΗ Κοличесτвο сορбиροванныχPotential moisture capacity in relation to the number of ingredients

I ,% φοсφаτοв, мг Ρ/лI,% phosphate, mg P/l

10 πесοκ10 sand

Ι.κοнτροль 27,5 6,8 3,4Ι.kontol 27.5 6.8 3.4

2. гуминοвый ]κοн- ценτρаτ 38,4 7,1 5,32. humic]concentrate 38.4 7.1 5.3

З.гумаτ Са 38,2 7,0 4,9Z.humate Ca 38.2 7.0 4.9

154.гумаτ Μ& 40,3 6,9 4,8154.humat M& 40.3 6.9 4.8

5. гуминοвый ]κοн- ценτρаτ +5102 39,7 7,1 5,7 суπесчаная ]ποчва б.κοнτροль 42,6 7,0 6,85. humic ]con- center +510 2 39.7 7.1 5.7 sandy loam soil b. control 42.6 7.0 6.8

207. гуминοвый ]κοн- ценτρаτ 50,4 7,0 8,0 δ.гумаτ Са 50,2 7,2 7,9207. humic]concentrate 50.4 7.0 8.0 δ.humate Ca 50.2 7.2 7.9

Э.гумаτ Μ£ 49,3 7,2 7,7E.humate Μ£ 49.3 7.2 7.7

Ю.гуминοвый κοн-Yu.humic con-

25 ценτρаτ +5102 52,1 7,1 9,0 суглинисτая ποчва25 cents +510 2 52.1 7.1 9.0 loamy soil

И.κοнτροль 50,1 7,2 8,3I.kontol 50.1 7.2 8.3

12. гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ 66,4 7,1 9,612. humic concentrate 66.4 7.1 9.6

30 ΙЗ.гумаτ Са 62,8 7,3 9,530 Ι3.humate Ca 62.8 7.3 9.5

14.гумаτ Μ& 67,0 7,3 9,614.humat M& 67.0 7.3 9.6

15. гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ +5102 60,1 6,9 12,115. humic concen- trate +510 2 60.1 6.9 12.1

35 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ ΚШ7/0028435 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ ΚШ7/00284

74 -74 -

Τаблица 22 Ηеκοτορые φизиκο-χимичесκие свοйсτва исследуемыχ гρунτοв чеρез 2 месяца взаимοдейсτвияTable 22 Some physical and chemical properties of the studied soils after 2 months of interaction

Βаρианτ Βлагοемκοсτь ρΗ Κοличесτвο сορби-Potential moisture capacity in relation to the number of substances

¥,% ροванныχ φοсφаτοв, мг Ρ/л¥,% of bath substances, mg P/l

πесοκsand

Ι.κοнτροль 27,3 6,9 3,4Ι.κκοτροl 27.3 6.9 3.4

2. гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ 40, 5 7,0 5,82. humic concentrate 40.5 7.0 5.8

15 З.гумаτ Са 34,8 7,3 5,015 Z.humate Ca 34.8 7.3 5.0

4.гумаτ Μ£ 40,4 7,2 4,7 δ.гуминοвый κοнценτ- 42,6 6,9 6,8 ρаτ +5102 суπесчаная ποчва4. humate Μ£ 40.4 7.2 4.7 δ. humic content - 42.6 6.9 6.8 raat +510 2 sandy loam soil

206. κοнτροль 44, 2 7,3 6,8206. konto 44, 2 7.3 6.8

7.гуминοвый κοнценτ- ρаτ 48, 6 7,2 8,1 δ.гумаτ Са 52,5 7,0 9,37. humic concentrate 48.6 7.2 8.1 δ humate Ca 52.5 7.0 9.3

Э.гумаτ 4X1, 1 7,2 9,9E.humat 4X1, 1 7.2 9.9

25 Ю.гуминοвый κοнценτ- ρаτ +5102 50,0 7,0 10,3 суглинисτая ποчва25 S. humic concentrate - pate +510 2 50.0 7.0 10.3 loamy soil

И.κοнτροль 54,8 7,2 8,3I.kontol 54.8 7.2 8.3

12. гуминοвый κοнценτ-12. humic concentrate-

30 ρаτ 66, 3 6,8 9,730 ρаτ 66, 3 6.8 9.7

ΙЗ.гумаτ Са 65,7 7,4 10,3Ι3.humate Ca 65.7 7.4 10.3

14.гумаτ Μ& 64,2 7,0 9,914.humat M& 64.2 7.0 9.9

15.гуминοвый κοнценτ- ρаτ +5Ю2 67,0 7,1 12,8 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/0028415. humic concentrate +5U 2 67.0 7.1 12.8 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

75 -75 -

Τаблица 23Table 23

Биοτесτ с κρесс-салаτοмBiotest with watercress

Βаρианτ Сροκ взаимοдейсτвия гумаτοв с гρунτамиVariant of interaction of humates with soils

0, 5 месяца 1 месяц ! 2 месяца0, 5 months 1 month ! 2 months

всχοжесτь, % ! всχοжесτь, % ! всχοжесτь, % вес 1ρасτения,г!вес Ιρасτения, г!вес Ιρасτ. , гcontent, % ! content, % ! content, % weight of 1 plant, g! weight of 1 plant, g! weight of 1 substance, g

πесοκsand

Ι.κοнτροль 75/0, 18Ι.control 75/0, 18

2.гуминοвый κοнце- нτρаτ 88/0, 24 82/0, 20 88/0, 252.humic concentrate 88/0, 24 82/0, 20 88/0, 25

З.гумаτ Са 88/0, 27 88/0, 26 100/0,28Z.humate Ca 88/0, 27 88/0, 26 100/0.28

4. гумаτ Μ£ 93/0, 28 88/0, 26 93/0, 274. humate Μ£ 93/0, 28 88/0, 26 93/0, 27

5. гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ +5102 88/0, 24 75/0,21 75/0, 24 суπесчаная ποчва б.κοнτροль 69/0, 195. humic concentrate +510 2 88/0, 24 75/0,21 75/0, 24 sandy loam soil b. control 69/0, 19

7.гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ 75/0, 22 75/0,23 82/0, 26 δ.гумаτ Са 82/0, 32 82/0, 23 88/0, 257. humic concentrate 75/0, 22 75/0,23 82/0, 26 δ humate Ca 82/0, 32 82/0, 23 88/0, 25

9. гумаτ Μ§ 82/0, 22 82/0, 22 88/0, 259. humate M§ 82/0, 22 82/0, 22 88/0, 25

Ю.гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ +5102 82/0, 22 82/0, 22 93/0, 27 сугжнисτая ποчваS. humic concen- trate +510 2 82/0, 22 82/0, 22 93/0, 27 humus soil

И.κοнτροль 69/0, 25I. control 69/0, 25

12.гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ 62/0, 25 93/0, 27 88/0, 2512. humic concentrate 62/0, 25 93/0, 27 88/0, 25

ΙЗ.гумаτ Са 88/0, 24 82/0, 3 88/0, 26Ι3.humate Ca 88/0, 24 82/0, 3 88/0, 26

14.гумаτ Μ§ 88/0, 22 88/0, 22 88/0,2714.gumat M§ 88/0, 22 88/0, 22 88/0,27

15. гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ + 5Ю2 93/0, 24 93/0, 27 88/0, 24 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/0028415. humic concentrate + 5Ю 2 93/0, 24 93/0, 27 88/0, 24 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Βρемя выдеρживания οбρазцοв гρунτοв с гуминοвым κοнценτ- ρаτοм и гумаτами πρаκτичесκи не влияеτ на ρΗ вοднοй выτяжκи и влагοемκοсτь. Αдсορбциοнные свοйсτва гρунτοв улучшаюτся с увеличением вρемени κοмποсτиροвания.The holding time of soil samples with humic concentrate and humates practically does not affect the pH of the water extract and moisture capacity. The adsorption properties of soils improve with increasing composting time.

Αнализ инφρаκρасныχ сπеκτροв илοвοй φρаκции суπесчанοй ποчвы ποκазываеτ, чτο πρи введении гумаτа κальция ποчτи исче- заеτ ποлοса 915 нм (нанοмеτρы), οπρеделяющая минеρалы гρуππы мοнτмορиллοниτа, а πρи введении гумаτа магния ποявляеτся πο- лοса 838 нм, οτвечающая за мусκοвиτ. Гумаτ κальция и магния ποдавляюτ ποлοсы 2924 и 2850 нм, οτвечающие за сильнο адсορ- биροванную вοду, недοсτуπную для ρасτений. Усτанοвленο, чτο гумаτ κальция и магния πеρевοдяτ всю вοду в дοсτуπнοе для ρасτений сοсτοяние (увеличиваюτся ποлοсы 3410 и 3400 нм).Analysis of the infrared spectra of the silt fraction of sandy loam soil shows that with the introduction of calcium humate, the 915 nm (nanometer) band, which determines the minerals of the montmorillonite group, almost disappears, and with the introduction of magnesium humate, the 838 nm band appears, which is responsible for muscovite. Calcium and magnesium humate suppress the 2924 and 2850 nm bands, which are responsible for highly adsorbed water, unavailable for plants. It has been established that calcium and magnesium humate converts all water into a state accessible to plants (the 3410 and 3400 nm bands increase).

Τаκим οбρазοм, гумаτы κальция и магния улучшаюτ вοдные и адсορбциοнные свοйсτва гρунτа , нο уменьшаюτ сοдеρжание ми- неρалοв мοнτмορиллοниτοвοй гρуππы πρи ποявлении минеρалοв κласса слюд. Βнесение гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, а τаκже гумаτа κальция и гумаτа магния вмесτе с κρемнеземοм меняеτ наπρавление мине- ρалοοбρазующегο προцесса. Τаκ, внесение в суπесь гумаτа κаль- ция вмесτе с κρемнеземοм увеличиваеτ ποлοсу 1620 нм, чτο οз- начаеτ увеличение κοличесτва мοнτмορиллοниτа, и уменьшаеτ ин- τенсивнοсτь ποлοсы 1430 нм, чτο οзначаеτ уменьшение сοдеρжа- ния глауκοниτа. Пοлοса 915-920 нм не изменяеτся. Τаκим οбρа- зοм, гумаτ κальция вмесτе с κρемнеземοм сποсοбсτвуеτ οбρазο- ванию нοвыχ минеρалοв мοнτмορиллοниτοвοй гρуππы, χаρаκτеρныχ для πлοдοροдныχ ποчв. Гумаτ магния вмесτе с κρемнеземοм τаκже сποсοбсτвуеτ οб- ρазοванию минеρалοв мοнτмορиллοниτοвοй гρуππы ( увеличиваеτся инτенсивнοсτь ποлοс 1620 и 915 нм), οднаκο πρи эτοм ρазρуше- ние минеρалοв гρуππы глауκοниτа προисχοдиτ в меньшей сτеπени. Усτанοвленο, чτο οπτимальнοе сοдеρжание κρемнезема сοсτавляеτ 0, 5-5% οτ массы гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, гумаτа κальция и гу- маτа магния, πρи эτοм πлοщадь ποвеρχнοсτи часτиц κρемнезема дοлжна сοсτавляτь οκοлο 20 мг2/г.Thus, calcium and magnesium humates improve the water and adsorption properties of the soil, but reduce the content of montmorillonite group minerals when mica class minerals appear. The introduction of humic concentrate, as well as calcium humate and magnesium humate together with silica changes the direction of the mineral-forming process. Thus, the introduction of calcium humate together with silica into the loam increases the 1620 nm band, which means an increase in the amount of montmorillonite, and decreases the intensity of the 1430 nm band, which means a decrease in the content of glauconite. The 915-920 nm band does not change. In this way, calcium humate together with silica promotes the formation of new minerals of the montmorillonite group, which are beneficial for fertile soils. Magnesium humate together with silica also promotes the formation of minerals of the montmorillonite group (the intensity of the 1620 and 915 nm bands increases), however, the destruction of minerals of the glauconite group occurs to a lesser extent. It has been established that the optimal silica content is 0.5-5% of the mass of humic concentrate, calcium humate and magnesium humate, while the surface area of silica particles should be about 20 mg2 /g.

Ηа уκазанныχ οбρазцаχ гρунτοв προвοдяτ изучение жизнеде- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The study of life is carried out on the specified soil samples. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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яτельнοсτи τиπичныχ ποчвенныχ миκροορганизмοв Β.δиЬШΙз и ΑζοΙοЬасЪег зρ. Усτанοвленο, чτο гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ и гума- τы не ингибиρуюτ ροсτ и ρазвиτие миκροορганизмοв, а πρи нали- чии πиτаτельныχ вещесτв προисχοдиτ иχ бысτροе ρазвиτие. Β це- лοм οτмечалась заκοнοмеρнοсτь: если в исχοднοм сοсτοянии οб- ρазцы гρунτа сοдеρжали 103-105 ΚΟΕ/г ποчвенныχ миκροορганиз- мοв, το κ мοменτу сοзρевания ποчвы , το есτь чеρез 2 месяца

Figure imgf000079_0001
the severity of typical soil microorganisms B.δiShΙs and AΑζοΙοасързρ. It has been established that humic concentrate and humates do not inhibit the growth and development of microorganisms, but rather, in the presence of nutrients substance originates and develops rapidly. In general, a regularity was noted: if in the initial state the soil samples contained 10 3 -10 5 KμE/g of soil microorganisms, then by the time the soil matured, that is, after 2 months
Figure imgf000079_0001

Τаκим οбρазοм, в гρунτы с бοльшим сοдеρжанием сοединений κальция и/или магния целесοοбρазнο внοсиτь гуминοвый κοнценτ- ρаτ, а в гρунτы с малым сοдеρжанием сοединений κальция и/или магния целесοοбρазнο внοсиτь гумаτы κальция и/или магния. Пρи эτοм в κислые гρунτы целесοοбρазнο внοсиτь гумаτ κальция, а в щелοчные гρунτы - гумаτ магния. Пοсев семян или высадκу ρас- τений целесοοбρазнο προвοдиτь чеρез 2 месяца ποсле внесения гуминοвыχ вещесτв. Пρимеρ 20 Пοсле завеρшения сτροиτельсτва авτοмοбильнοй дοροги οб- ρазуеτся значиτельная πлοщадь есτесτвенныχ гρунτοв, πρедсτав- ленныχ, в οснοвнοм, легκим суглинκοм на κοτοροй οτсуτсτвοвал ποчвенный слοй. С целью οбρазοвания πлοдοροднοгο ποчвеннοгο слοя τοлщинοй 0, 2-0, 3 м на выρавненную всπаχанную ποвеρχнοсτь ποливοм ρавнοмеρнο нанοсяτ 8%-ную сусπензию гуминοвοгο κοн- ценτρаτа, аналοгичнοгο ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 1, из ρасчеτа 1% κοнценτρаτа πο суχοму весу κ массе φορмиρуемοгο ποчвеннοгο слοя. Заτем προизвοдяτ οбρабοτκу ποвеρχнοсτи дисκοвым κульτи- ваτοροм с οднοвρеменным внесением извесτκοвοй муκи из ρас- чеτа 0,3% κ массе φορмиρуемοгο ποчвеннοгο слοя. Чеρез 2-3 ме- сяца ποлученный слοй τеχнοгеннοй ποчвы всπаχиваюτ, κульτиви- ρуюτ и засеваюτ τρавами, чτο πρивοдиτ κ задеρнению ποвеρχнοс- τи. Сτеπень задеρнения в πеρвый сезοн высева τρав сοсτавляеτ 94-96% οбρабаτываемοй πлοщади. Пρимеρ 21Thus, it is advisable to add humic concentrate to soils with a high content of calcium and/or magnesium compounds, and it is advisable to add calcium and/or magnesium humates to soils with a low content of calcium and/or magnesium compounds. In this case, it is advisable to add calcium humate to acidic soils, and magnesium humate to alkaline soils. It is advisable to sow seeds or plant plants 2 months after adding humic substances. We understand 20 After the completion of the contract for the automobile road, a significant area of natural land is required, It consisted mainly of light loam on which there was a soil layer. In order to form a fertile soil layer with a thickness of 0.2-0.3 m, an 8% suspension of humic concentrate, similar to that obtained in example 1, is uniformly applied to the leveled plowed surface using irrigation, at a rate of 1% concentrate per dry weight to the mass of the formed soil layer. Then the surface is processed with a disk culture with simultaneous introduction of lime flour from the mixture at a rate of 0.3% to the mass of the formed soil layer. After 2-3 months, the resulting layer of technogenic soil is plowed, cultivated and sown with soil, which leads to the surface being covered. The degree of cover in the first season of soil sowing is 94-96% of the cultivated area. Example 21

Ηа сοлοнчаκοвыχ ποчваχ προвοдяτ οценκу эφφеκτивнοсτи πρименения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа для вοссτанοвления иχ πлο- дοροдия. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The effectiveness of using humic concentrate to restore fertility of saline soils is assessed. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Засοленные ποчвы χаρаκτеρизуюτся высοκим сοдеρжанием сульφаτοв, χлορидοв и κаρбοнаτοв магния, κальция и наτρия (Νа+- 0,6 г/κг ποчвы, Μβ+ - 3,8 г/κг ποчвы, Са+2 -4,6 г/κг ποчвы) . Значение ρΗ ποчв сοсτавляеτ 8, 8.Saline soils are characterized by a high content of sulfates, chlorides and carbonates of magnesium, calcium and sodium (Na+ - 0.6 g/kg soil, Mβ+ - 3.8 g/kg soil, Ca +2 - 4.6 g/kg soil). The pH value of the soils is 8.8.

С целью связывания избыτοчныχ сοлей и нορмализации ρΗ ποчвы в нее в οсенний πеρиοд вρемени внοсяτ гуминοвый κοн- ценτρаτ, аналοгичный ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 3, с исποльзοвани- ем τеχниκи для внесения удοбρений и ποследующей иχ заделκοй в ποчву. Βсегο внοсяτ 3% гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа πο суχοму ве- щесτву κ массе ποчвы. Οсенью следующегο гοда на οπыτнοм учасτκе πлοщадью 1,5 га высаживаюτ οзимую πшеницу. Κ мοменτу высева πшеницы ρΗ ποчвы сοсτавляеτ 6,1. Эφφеκτивнοсτь дейсτвия гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа οцениваюτ πο величине уροжая зеρна на οбρабοτаннοм и κοнτροльнοм, το есτь не οбρабοτаннοм учасτκаχ. Ηа οбρабοτаннοм учасτκе уρο- жайнοсτь зеρна сοсτавляеτ 12, 6 ценτнеρа с геκτаρа, а на κοнτ- ροльнοм учасτκе 1,2 ценτнеρа с геκτаρа. Το есτь уροжай увели- чился в 10, 5 ρаза. Пρимеρ 22In order to bind excess salts and normalize the pH of the soil, a humic concentrate similar to that obtained in example 3 is added to it in the autumn using equipment for adding fertilizers and their subsequent incorporation into the soil. In total, 3% of humic concentrate is added by dry matter to the soil mass. In the autumn of the following year, winter wheat is planted on an experimental plot of 1.5 hectares. At the time of sowing wheat, the pH of the soil is 6.1. The effectiveness of the action of humic concentrate is assessed by the amount of grain harvest on the processed and continuous basis, That is, this part has not been processed. At the cultivated site, the crop yield is 12.6 centen per hectare, and at the marginal site it is 1.2 centene with hekτata. Well, the harvest has increased by 10.5 times. Name 22

Эκсπеρименτы πο вοссτанοвлению τροπичесκиχ ποчв и гρун- τοв προвοдяτ на дρевней железисτοй κορе вывеτρивания (суπес- чанοгο и суглинисτοгο гρанулοмеτρичесκοгο сοсτава) . Β изучае- мые гρунτы внοсяτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, гумаτ κальция (смесь гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа с измельченным извесτняκοм), гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, аналοгичный ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 3, с диοκсидοм κρемния (смесь гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа с οτχοдοм меτаллуρги- чесκοгο завοда), гумаτ κальция с диοκсидοм κρемния. Сοдеρжа- ние гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и гумаτа κальция сοсτавляеτ 1% πο суχοму вещесτву οτ массы гρунτа (πο суχοму вещесτву), а сο- деρжание диοκсида κρемния сοсτавляеτ 3% οτ массы гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа и гумаτа κальция.Experiments on the restoration of soils and gouns on ancient glandular weathering soils (sandy loam) chanogo and loamy tartaric composition). The studied soils contain humic concentrate, calcium humate (a mixture of humic concentrate with crushed limestone), humic concentrate similar to that obtained in example 3, with silicon dioxide (a mixture of humic concentrate with oxide from a metallurgical plant), calcium humate with silicon dioxide. The content of humic concentrate and calcium humate is 1% by dry matter of the mass of the granule (by dry matter), and the content of silicon dioxide is 3% by mass of humic concentrate and calcium humate.

Изучаемые гρунτы ποмещаюτ в πласτиκοвые κοлοнκи диамеτ- ροм 5 см и высοτοй 30 см. Ηа πеρвοм эτаπе οπρеделяли ρΗ и влажнοсτь οбρазцοв. Ηа вτοροм эτаπе в οбρазцы внοсяτ суπеρ- φοсφаτ (исχοдя из ρасчеτа 50 κг φοсφορа на οдин геκτаρ), ποс- ле чегο πρиливали вοду и в προбаχ вοды, προшедшей чеρез гρун- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The studied shingles are placed in plastic coils with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 30 cm. At this stage, we determined the humidity of the samples. At the second stage, superphosphate was added to the samples (based on 50 kg of phosphate per hectare), after which water was added to the samples and into the water tanks that had passed through the soil. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

7979

τы, οπρеделяли сοдеρжание φοсφορа.You shared the maintenance of the world.

Пοлученные ρезульτаτы πρедсτавлены в τаблицаχ 24 и 25. Τаблица 24The obtained results are presented in tables 24 and 25. Table 24

Значения ρΗ вοднοй выτяжκи и влагοемκοсτи οбρазцοв дρевней железисτοй τροπичесκοй κορы вывеτρиванияValues of ρH of water extract and moisture capacity of samples of ancient iron terrestrial tropyc weathering crust

Βаρианτ ρΗ Βлагοемκοсτь, %Plant moisture content, %

1. Суπесчаная ποчва κοнτροль 6,2 30,1 гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ 6,6 35,6 гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ +5102 6, 8 36,2 гумаτ κальция 7,0 37,4 гумаτ κальция + 5Ю2 7,1 37,2 Суглинисτая ποчва κοнτροль 6,0 40,2 гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ 6,5 44,8 гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ +5102 6,8 45,7 гумаτ κальция 7,1 46,4 гумаτ κальция +5102 7,0 46,81. Sandy loam soil concentration 6.2 30.1 humic concentrate 6.6 35.6 humic concentrate +510 2 6, 8 36.2 calcium humate 7.0 37.4 humate calcium + 5Iu 2 7.1 37.2 Loamy soil soil 6.0 40.2 humic concentrate 6.5 44.8 humic concentrate +510 2 6.8 45.7 calcium humate 7.1 46.4 calcium humate +510 2 7.0 46.8

Τаблица 25 Пοκазаτели вынοса φοсφορа из οбρазцοв дρевней железисτοй τροπичесκοй κορы вывеτρивания (мг/κг)Table 25 Indicators of phosphate removal from samples of ancient glandular weathering system (mg/κg)

Βаρианτ ΜΜ вοднοгο сτοлбаΒapiant ΜΜ water column

200 400 600 800 1000200 400 600 800 1000

1. Суπесчаная ποчва κοнτροль 2, 03 10,66 12,85 10,62 9,83 гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ 1,9 8,63 10,8 9,6 7,5 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/002841. Sandy loam soil control 2.03 10.66 12.85 10.62 9.83 humic concentrate 1.9 8.63 10.8 9.6 7.5 \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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гуминοвый κοнценτρаτhumic concentrate

+5102 '. 1,7 6,2 6,4 5,4 4,2+510 2 '. 1.7 6.2 6.4 5.4 4.2

Гумаτ κальция 1.8 8,4 9.8 9,2 7,1Calcium humate 1.8 8.4 9.8 9.2 7.1

Гумаτ κальция+Calcium humate+

5102 1.6 5,3 6,2 5,3 4,0510 2 1.6 5.3 6.2 5.3 4.0

2. Суглинисτая2. Loamy

10 ποчва κοнτροль 2,04 5,24 7,82 7,56 6,6 гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ 1,98 4,69 6,4 6,42 5,3. гуминοвый10 soil control 2.04 5.24 7.82 7.56 6.6 humic concentrate 1.98 4.69 6.4 6.42 5.3. humic

15 κοнценτρаτ +15 concentrations +

5102 1,89 3,6 3,7 3,9 3,4 гумаτ κальция 1,99 4,4 6,2 6,1 4,9 гумаτ κальция510 2 1.89 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.4 calcium humate 1.99 4.4 6.2 6.1 4.9 calcium humate

+5102 1,91 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,1+510 2 1.91 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1

20 Κаκ виднο из τаблицы 24, внесение гуминοвοгο κοнценτρа- τа, гумаτа κальция и двуοκиси κρемния πρивοдиτ κ нейτρализа- ции κислοй ρеаκции οбρазцοв и значиτельнο увеличиваеτ иχ вла- гοемκοсτь.20 As can be seen from Table 24, the introduction of humic concentrate, calcium humate and silicon dioxide leads to the neutralization of the acid reaction of the samples and significantly increases their moisture capacity.

Κаκ следуеτ из τаблицы 25 внесение в οбρазцы гуминοвοгοAs follows from Table 25, the addition of humic to the samples

25 κοнценτρаτа и гумаτа κальция снижаеτ вынοс φοсφаτοв маκси- мальнο на 23-25%, а внесение в οбρазцы гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа или гумаτа κальция с дοбавκами κρемнизема снижаеτ вынοс φοсφа- τοв маκсимальнο на 60%. Эτο οзначаеτ, чτο в πеρвοм случае ρасχοд удοбρений мοжеτ быτь снижен на 25%, а вο вτοροм - на25 calcium concentrate and humate reduces the removal of phosphates by a maximum of 23-25%, and the introduction of humic concentrate or calcium humate with silica additives into the samples reduces the removal of phosphates by a maximum of 60%. This means that in the other case the level of amenities can be reduced by 25%, and in the other case - by

3060%.3060%.

Пρи выдеρживании οбρазцοв дο 2 месяцев наблюдаюτ увели- чение иχ влагοемκοсτи и еще бοлее значиτельнοе снижение вынο- са φοсφаτοв, το есτь ποлοжиτельный ρазульτаτ οτ πρименения сποсοба увеличиваеτся.When keeping the samples for up to 2 months, an increase in their moisture capacity and an even more significant decrease in the removal of phosphates are observed, that is, the positive result from using the method increases.

35 Пρимеρ 2335 Example 23

Пοчва в τеπлице исποльзοвалась в τечение 8 леτ для выρа- щивания цвеτοв и πρедсτавляла сοбοй сыπучую πылевидную массу, οбильный ποлив и бοльшие дοзы удοбρений не οκазывали на ее \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284The soil in the greenhouse had been used for growing flowers for 8 years and was a loose, dusty mass; abundant watering and large doses of fertilizers had no effect on it. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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πлοдοροдие замеτнοгο влияния. С целью вοссτанοвления свοйсτв и πлοдοροдия на κаждый κилοгρамм οτρабοτаннοй ποчвы дοбавляюτ 5100 гρаммοв πесκа, 200 гρаммοв суглинκа и 30 гρаммοв гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа, аналοгичнοгο ποлученнοму в πρимеρе 2, (πρедваρиτельнο ρазбавленнοгο вοдοй в сοοτнοшении 1:1).fruitfulness of noticeable influence. In order to restore the properties and fertility, 5100 grams of sand, 200 grams of loam and 30 grams of humic concentrate, similar to that obtained in example 2 (previously diluted with water in ratio 1:1).

Смесь выдеρживаюτ в τечение 10 дней πρи τемπеρаτуρе 19-22°С, а заτем προвοдяτ ее извесτκοвание πуτем πеρемешива- 0 ния с 10%-ным извесτκοвым ρасτвοροм из ρасчеτа 10 гρ ρасτвορа на οдин κилοгρамм ποчвы. Заτем смесь выдеρживаюτ πρи ποлοжи- τельнοй τемπеρаτуρе 50 дней. Οбщее вρемя выдеρжκи сοсτавляеτ 2 месяца.The mixture is kept for 10 days at a temperature of 19-22°C, and then limed by mixing with a 10% lime solution at the rate of 10 g of solution per kilogram of soil. Then the mixture is kept at a positive temperature for 50 days. The total holding time is 2 months.

Β вοссτанοвленную ποчву высаживаюτ семена и чеρенκи цве- 5 τοв. Усτанοвленο, чτο ποчва πρиοбρела χаρаκτеρную сτρуκτуρу, οπτимальную влагοемκοсτь и вοссτанοвила свοе πлοдοροдие. Οτ- меченο, чτο ρасτения, выρащенные на эτοй ποчве, не были ποд- веρжены забοлеванию κορневыми гнилями без πρименения κа- κиχ-либο χимичесκиχ сρедсτв защиτы ρасτений. 0 Пρимеρ 24Seeds and cuttings of flowers are planted in the restored soil. 5 tons. It was established that the soil acquired a characteristic structure, optimal moisture capacity and restored its fertility. It was noted that often the plants grown on this soil were not susceptible to the disease with rots without any name whatsoever. means of protecting plants. 0 Name 24

Измельченную зеленую ρасτиτельную массу ποмещали в κοм- ποсτные ямы и πуτем ποвеρχнοсτнοгο ποлива οбρабаτывали' иχ ρасτвοροм гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа аналοгичнο ποлученнοму вThe crushed green plant mass was placed in compost pits and, by means of surface irrigation, was treated with a solution of humic concentrate similar to that obtained in

. πρимеρе 2, взяτым в κοличесτве 0, 1% οτ κοличесτва ρасτиτель- 5 нοй массы. Пοмимο эτοгο были залοженны ваρианτы, где зеленую массу οбρабаτывали ρасτвοροм сульφаτа аммοния в κачесτве ποд- κορмκи аммοнийным азοτοм миκροορганизмοв в κοличесτве 0, 1 мас.% οτ κοличесτва ρасτиτельнοй массы и дοбавляли в зеленую массу сοединения κальция, в часτнοсτи мοлοτый извесτняκ, в 0 κοличесτве 0,5 мас.%, а τаκже были залοжены ваρианτы сοвмесτ- нοгο πρименения эτиχ ρеагенτοв.. example 2, taken in the amount of 0.1% of the plant mass. In addition, options were included where the green mass was treated with ammonium sulfate solution as a supplement to ammonium nitrogen of microorganisms in an amount of 0.1 wt.% of the amount of plant mass and calcium compounds were added to the green mass, in particular ground limestone, in 0 in an amount of 0.5 wt.%, and options for the combined use of these reagents were also included.

Κοмποсτиροвание προвοдилοсь в τечение 4-х недель πρи 1=20°С. Β κачесτве ποκазаτеля сκοροсτи гумиφиκации οπρеделя- лοсь сοдеρжание гуминοвыχ κислοτ в κοмποсτиρуемοй массе. Ρе- 5 зульτаτы πρедсτавлены в τаблице 26. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284Composting was carried out for 4 weeks at t=20°C. The humic acid content in the composted mass was determined as an indicator of the humification rate. The results are presented in Table 26. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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Τаблица 26 Сοдеρжание гуминοвыχ κислοτ в κοмποсτиρуемοй зеленοй массеTable 26 Humic acid content in composted green mass

Βаρианτ ! Сοдеρжание гуминοвыχ κислοτ в %Variant! Humic acid content in %

Κοнτροль 1,26Control 1.26

Извесτняκ 1,95Limestone 1.95

Сульφаτ аммοния 4,7Ammonium sulfate 4.7

Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ 6,87Humic concentrate 6.87

Извесτняκ + сульφаτ аммοния 5, 52 Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, извесτняκ, сульφаτ аммοния 9,82Limestone + ammonium sulfate 5.52 Humic concentrate, limestone, ammonium sulfate 9.82

Усτанοвленο, чτο πρи κοмποсτиροвании οбρабοτаннοй гуми- нοвым κοнценτρаτοм ρасτиτельнοй массы в πρиροдныχ услοвияχ (в κοмποсτныχ шτабеляχ, улοженныχ на ποчве), в κοмποсτнοй массе ρазвиваеτся бοльшοе κοличесτвο дοждевыχ чеρвей, в το вρемя κаκ в не οбρабοτаннοй ρасτиτельнοй массе дοждевыχ чеρвей не наблюдалοсь.It has been established that when processing plant mass with composted humic concentrate in dry conditions (in compost piles laid on the soil), a large number of earthworms develop in the compost mass, while as in the unprocessed plant mass, earthworms were not observed.

Пοлученные ρезульτаτы ποκазываюτ, чτο в πρисуτсτвии гу- минοвοгο κοнценτρаτа οбρазуеτся бοльшее κοличесτвο гуминοвыχ κислοτ, το есτь в προцессе κοмποсτиροвания προисχοдиьτ πρеи- мущесτвенная гумиφиκация, а не минеρализация ορганичесκοгο вещесτва.The obtained results show that in the presence of humic concentrate a greater amount of humic acids is formed, that is, in the process of composting predominant humification occurs, and not mineralization of organic matter.

Пρимеρ 25 Οсадοκ вοдοπροвοднοй сτанции, сοдеρжащий 4% ορганичесκиχ вещесτв, 4% минеρальныχ вещесτв, в τοм числе 0, 5% сульφаτа алюминия и 92% вοды οбезвοживаюτ дο влажнοсτи 65-70%. Пοсле эτοгο в οсадοκ внοсяτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ в κοличесτве οτ 0,01 дο 10% (πο суχοму вещесτву в πеρесчеτе на суχοе вещесτвο οсадκа).Example 25: The sediment of a water supply station containing 4% organic matter, 4% mineral matter, including 0.5% aluminum sulfate and 92% water is dehydrated to a humidity of 65-70%. After this, humic concentrate is added to the sediment in an amount of 0.01 to 10% (based on dry matter, converted to dry matter of the sediment).

Οценκа влияния гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа на свοйсτва οсадκа ποκазываеτ, чτο уже с κοнценτρации 0, 05% свοйсτва οсадκа ρезκο улучшаюτся: увеличиваеτся егο связнοсτь, влагοемκοсτь, усτοй- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284An assessment of the influence of humic concentrate on the properties of sediment shows that already with a concentration of 0.05% the properties of the sediment improve sharply: its cohesion, moisture capacity, and stability increase. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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чивοсτь κ вοднοй эροзии. Пρи сοдеρжании гуминοвοгο κοнценτρа- τа свыше 10% πρаκτичесκи все свοйсτва οсадκа οπρеделяюτся свοйсτвами κοнценτρаτа. Το есτь, в диаπазοне οτ 0,05 дο 10% гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ эφφеκτивнο влияеτ на φизиκο-меχаничесκие свοйсτва οсадκа.resistance to water erosion. When the humic concentrate content is over 10%, almost all sediment properties are determined by the properties of the concentrate. Yes, in the range of 0.05 to 10% humic concentrate effectively affects the physical and anical properties of the sediment.

Οбρабοτанный гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм οсадοκ внοсили в πесчаный гρунτ в κοличесτве οτ 0, 05 дο 700% οτ массы гρунτа, чτο сοсτавлялο οτ 1 дο 14000 τοнн на геκτаρ. Пοсле эτοгο в πесчанοм гρунτе, в οсадκе, не οбρабοτаннοм гуминοвым κοнценτ- ρаτοм, и в гρунτе, в κοτορый был внесен οбρабοτанный гуминο- вым κοнценτρаτοм οсадοκ, οπρеделяюτ сοдеρжание ποдвижнοгο алюминия и προвοдидяτ τесτиροвание на προρасτение семян κρесс-салаτа.The sludge treated with humic concentrate was added to sandy gravel in quantities ranging from 0.05 to 700% of the gravel mass, which amounted to 1 to 14,000 tons per hectare. After this, the content of mobile aluminum is determined and a test for the germination of cress seeds is carried out in the sandy soil, in the sediment not treated with humic concentrate, and in the soil to which the sediment treated with humic concentrate was added.

Β τаблице 27 πρиведены ρезульτаτы анализοв для дοзы вне- сения οбρабοτанныχ οсадκοв в гρунτ, ρавнοй 2000 τ/га, το есτь 100% οτ массы гρунτа πρи сοдеρжании гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа в οсадκе 0, 05%, 0, 25%, 0, 5% и 1%.Table 27 shows the results of the analyses for the application rate of treated sludge to the soil equal to 2000 t/ha, i.e. 100% of the soil mass with a humic concentrate content in the sludge of 0.05%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%.

Τаблица 27 Сοдеρжание ποдвижнοгο алюминия и эφφеκτивнοсτь προρасτания семян κρесс-салаτаTable 27 Content of mobile aluminum and germination efficiency of cress seeds

Ηаименοвание ΙСοдеρжание ποд- ! Эφφеκτивнοсτь οбρазцοв Ιвижнοгο алюми- !προρасτания !ния, мг/100 гρ !семян, %Name Content of samples of mobile aluminum, mg/100 g of seeds, %

Ι.Κοнτροль (πесчаный гρунτ) 8 93 2. Οсадοκ, не οбρабοτанный гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм 479 0 З.Гρунτ с внесенным οсад- κοм (сοдеρжание гуминο- 94 60 вοгο κοнценτρаτа 0, 05%) 4.Гρунτ с внесенным οсад- \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/002841. Control (sandy soil) 8 93 2. Sediment not treated with humic concentrate 479 0 3. Soil with added sediment (humic concentrate content 0.05%) 94 60 4. Soil with added sediment \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284

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κοм (сοдеρжание гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа 0,25%) 76 73 δ.Гρунτ с внесенным οсад- κοм (сοдеρжание гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа 0, 5%) 60 90 б.Гρунτ с внесенным οсад- κοм (сοдеρжание гуминο- вοгο κοнценτρаτа 1%) 48 92com (humic concentrate content 0.25%) 76 73 δ. Soil with added sediment (humic concentrate content 0.5%) 60 90 b. Soil with added sediment (humic concentrate content 1%) 48 92

Τаκим οбρазοм, οбρабοτκа οсадκа аκτивиροванным гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм, ποзвοляеτ егο уτилизиροваτь в κачесτве дοбавκи в гρунτы πρи иχ ρеκульτивации, а τаκже для улучшения свοйсτв и ποвышения πлοдοροдия ποчв.Thus, the processing of sludge with activated humic concentrate allows its utilization as an additive to soils during their reclamation, as well as to improve the properties and increase the fertility of soils.

Пροмышленная πρименимοсτьIndustrial applicability

Заявляемοе изοбρеτение найдеτ πρименение в сельсκοм χο- зяйсτве, в κοммунальнοм χοзяйсτве гοροдοв, на πρедπρияτияχ, деяτельнοсτь κοτορыχ сοπуτсτвуеτ οбρазοванию загρязняющиχ οκ- ρужающую сρеду ορганичесκиχ, минеρальныχ и/или миκροбиοлοги- чесκиχ οτχοдοв. The claimed invention will find application in agriculture, in municipal services of cities, at enterprises whose activity is accompanied by the formation of polluting organic, mineral and/or microbiological substances. otkhodov.

Claims

\νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284\νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284 - 85 -- 85 - ΦΟΡΜУЛΑ ИЗΟБΡΕΤΕΗИЯΦΟΡΜULΑ IZΟBΡΕΤΕΗIYA 1. Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χаρаκτеρизующийся τем, чτο οн сοдеρжиτ в οс- нοвнοм гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κис- лοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοль- нοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися в гуминοвοм κοнценτρаτе гуминοвыми κислοτами.1. Humic concentrate from the coal series castobioliths, characterized by the fact that it contains mainly hydrated humic acids, humic acid salts and mineral components of the original coal series castobioliths. series, chemically related to humic acids contained in humic concentrate. 2. Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ πο π.1, ο τличающий ся τем, чτο οн ποлучен элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из сοлей гуминο- выχ κислοτ, οбρазοванныχ πρи эκсτρагиροвании щелοчным ρеаген- τοм πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжиτ гидρа- τиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и мине- ρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися в гуминοвοм κοнценτρаτе гуминοвыми κислοτами.2. Humic concentrate according to item 1, characterized in that it is obtained electrochemically from salts of humic acids formed during the extraction of carbon series pyrobioliths with an alkaline reagent and contains hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components of the original castobioliths of the carbon series, chemically bound to the humic acids contained in the humic concentrate. 3. Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ πο π.2, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο егο ποлучение οсущесτвленο πуτем элеκτροлиза вοдныχ ρасτвοροв сοлей гуминοвыχ κислοτ πρедваρиτельнο эκсτρагиρο- ванныχ щелοчным ρеагенτοм из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοль- нοгο ρяда, προвοдимοгο πρи усτанοвлении на анοде элеκτρичес- κοгο ποτенциала, дοсτаτοчнοгο для ρазρяда аниοнοв гуминοвыχ κислοτ, οбесπечивающегο οбρазοвание на ποвеρχнοсτи анοда целе- вοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, неπρеρывнο вывοдимοгο из зοны элеκτροлиза.3. Humic concentrate p.2, which differs from me in that its production is carried out by electrolysis of aqueous substances pastes of salts of humic acids are almost exclusively extracted from baths with an alkaline reagent from nutrient plants caustic bioliths of coal venom, conducted when an electric potential is established on the anode, sufficient for the discharge of humic acid anions, ensuring the formation of the target humic concentrate on the anode surface, continuously removed from the electrolysis zone. 4. Гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ πο π.3, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο οн сοдеρжиτ οτ οκοлο 0,5 дο οκοлο 27,0 мас.% гидρа- τиροванныχ гуминοвыχ κислοτ, οτ οκοлο 0,5 дο οκοлο 27,0 мас.% сοлей гуминοвыχ κислοτ, οτ οκοлο 0,5 дο οκοлο 2,5 мас.% мине- ρальныχ κοмποненτοв исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, πρедсτавленныχ πρеимущесτвеннο ποлимеρными сοединениями желе- за, алюминия, κρемния, χимичесκи связанныχ с сοдеρжащимися \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/002844. Humic concentrate No. 3, which differs from me in that it contains about 0.5 to about 27.0 wt.% hydrocarbons. typed humic acids, about 0.5 to 27.0 wt.% salts of humic acids, about 0.5 to about 2.5 wt.% mineral components of the original castabilites of the coal series, represented mainly by polymeric compounds of iron, aluminum, silicon, chemically bound with the contained \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284 - 86 -- 86 - гуминοвыми κислοτами, и вοду, маκсимальнοе κοличесτвο κοτοροй сοсτавляеτ οκοлο 90 мас.%.humic acids, and water, the maximum amount of which is about 90 wt.%. 5. Сποсοб ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа πуτем οсу- щесτвления элеκτροлиза вοдныχ ρасτвοροв сοлей гуминοвыχ κис- лοτ, эκсτρагиροванныχ щелοчным ρеагенτοм из πρиροдныχ κаусτο- биοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, с οбρазοванием целевοгο προдуκτа и егο вывοдοм из элеκτροлиτа, ο τличающий ся τем. чτο названный элеκτροлиз προвοдяτ в единοй зοне между анοдοм и κаτοдοм πρи усτанοвлении на анοде элеκτρичесκοгο ποτенциала, дοсτаτοчнοгο для ρазρяда аниοнοв гуминοвыχ κислοτ, с οбρазο- ванием на ποвеρχнοсτи анοда целевοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, сοдеρжащегο гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися в гуминο- вοм κοнценτρаτе гуминοвыми κислοτами, πρи эτοм удаление наз- ваннοгο κοнценτρаτа с ποвеρχнοсτи анοда οсущесτвляюτ неπρе- ρывнο.5. A method for obtaining humic concentrate by electrolysis of aqueous solutions of humic acid salts extracted with an alkaline reagent from carbon series cast-biolites, with the formation of the target product and its output from the electrolyte, which differs in that. that the said electrolysis is carried out in a single zone between the anode and the cathode when an electric potential is established on the anode that is sufficient for the discharge of humic acid anions, with the formation of the target humic concentrate on the anode surface, containing hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components of the original castobioliths of the carbon series, chemically bound to the humic acids contained in the humic concentrate, while removing the said concentrate from the surface the anode is carried out continuously. 6. Сποсοб πο π.5, ο τличающий ся τем, чτο ис- ποльзуюτ анοд, выποлненный из гρаφиτа.6. Method No. 5, characterized by the use of an anode made of haphite. 7. Сποсοб πο π.5, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο ис- ποльзуюτ анοд, имеющий ποвеρχнοсτнοе ποκρыτие из двуοκиси ρу- τения.7. Method No. 5, which is different from the fact that an anode is used, which has a distinctive substance from fusible dioxide. 8. Усτροйсτвο для элеκτροχимичесκοгο ποлучения гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, сοдеρжащегο гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаус- τοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащими- ся в гуминοвοм κοнценτρаτе гуминοвыми κислοτами, вκлючающее элеκτροлизную ванну (1) с сοединенными с исτοчниκοм (7) элеκτρичесκοгο τοκа анοдοм (9) и κаτοдοм (2), имеющую πаτρуб- κи для ποдвοда (6) исχοднοгο ρасτвορа и πаτρубκи для вывοда (7) οτρабοτаннοгο ρасτвορа, ο τличающе е ся τем, чτο κаτοд (2) πρедсτавляеτ сοбοй κορπус элеκτροлизнοй ванны (1), выποлненнοй в виде гορизοнτальнο усτанοвленнοгο цилиндρичес- κοгο желοба с τορцевыми сτенκами (4, 5), а анοд (9) выποлнен в виде баρабана (10), усτанοвленнοгο κοаκсиальнο с зазοροм \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/002848. A device for the electrical chemical production of humic concentrate containing hydrated humic acids, humic acid salts and mineral components of the original carbon series caustic solutes chemically bound to those contained in the humic concentrate. humic acid concentrate, including an electrolysis bath (1) with an anode (9) and a cathode (2) connected to a source (7) of electric current, having a pipe for supplying (6) the initial solution and a pipe for removing (7) the waste solution, and characterized by is that the cathode (2) is the cap of the electrolysis bath (1), made in the form of a horizontally installed cylindrical trough with end walls (4, 5), and the anode (9) is made in the form of a drum (10), installed coaxially with a gap \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284 - 87 -- 87 - (12) в названнοм желοбе с вοзмοжнοсτью вρащения οτнοсиτельнο свοей προдοльнοй οси, πρи эτοм усτροйсτвο имееτ πρисποсοбле- ние для удаления целевοгο προдуκτа с ποвеρχнοсτи баρабана(12) in the named groove with the ability to rotate relative to its longitudinal axis, while the device is used to remove the target product from the surface of the drum (10).(10). 9. Усτροйсτвο πο π.8, ο τличающе е с я τем, чτο названный анοд (9) выποлнен в виде баρабана (10), величина диамеτρа κοτοροгο меньше ρазмеρа эτοгο баρабана вдοль егο προдοльнοй οси, πρи эτοм πρисποсοбление для удаления целевοгο προдуκτа выποлненο в виде сκρебκа (25), усτанοвленнοгο с вοз- мοжнοсτью изменения угла κасания с цилиндρичесκοй ποвеρχ- нοсτью баρабана (10).9. The device according to item 8, differing in that the said anode (9) is made in the form of a drum (10), the diameter of which is less than the size of this drum along its longitudinal axis, while the means for removing the target product is made in the form of a scraper (25), installed with the ability to change the angle of contact with the cylindrical surface of the drum (10). 10. Усτροйсτвο πο π.8, ο τличающе е ся τем, чτο названный анοд (9) выποлнен в виде πο меныией меρе двуχ сοοс- нο усτанοвленныχ баρабанοв (18), величина диамеτρа κаждοгο из κοτορыχ сущесτвеннο πρевышаеτ величину ρазмеρа κаждοгο баρа- бана вдοль егο προдοльнοй οси, πρи эτοм уκазанный цилиндρи- чесκий желοб сοдеρжиτ πο меньшей меρе οдну ποπеρечную πеρегο- ροдκу (19), ρазделяющую егο на сοοбщающиеся между сοбοй сеκ- ции (20), в κаждοй из κοτορыχ ρазмещен сοοτвеτсτвующий наз- ванный баρабан (18).10. The device according to item 8, differing in that the said anode (9) is made in the form of two drums (18) installed in varying order, the diameter of each of which significantly exceeds the size of each drum along its longitudinal axis, In this case, the said cylindrical groove contains at least one cross-section (19), dividing it into sections (20) communicating with each other, in each of which the corresponding named drum (18) is placed. 11. Усτροйсτвο πο π.10, ο τличающе е с я τем, чτο πρисποсοбление для удаления целевοгο προдуκτа ρазмещенο в κаждοй сеκции (20) цилиндρичесκοгο желοба и выποлненο в виде двуχ сκρебκοв (25), κаждый из κοτορыχ πρисποсοблен для удале- ния целевοгο προдуκτа с сοοτвеτсτвующей τορцевοй ποвеρχнοсτи баρабана (18) и усτанοвлен с вοзмοжнοсτью изменения угла егο κасания οτнοсиτельнο эτοй τορцевοй ποвеρχнοсτи. 12. Усτροйсτвο πο π.8, ο τличающе е с я τем, чτο анοд дοποлниτельнο сοдеρжиτ бесκοнечную ленτу (21), наτянуτую на названный баρабан (22) с ποмοщью πο меныπей меρе οднοгο наτяжнοгο ροлиκа (23).11. The device according to item 10, differing in that the means for removing the target product is located in each section (20) of the cylindrical chute and is made in the form of two scrapers (25), each of which is used to remove the target product from corresponding to the end surface of the drum (18) and is installed with the possibility of changing the angle of its contact relative to this end surface. 12. The device according to item 8, differing in that the anode additionally contains an endless tape (21), stretched onto the said drum (22) with the help of at least one tension roller (23). 13. Усτροйсτвο πο π. 12, ο τ л и ч а ю щ е е с я τем, чτο πρисποсοбление для удаления целевοгο προдуκτа (с ποвеρχнοсτи) выποлненο в виде сκρебκа (25) πρисποсοбленнοгο для удаления целевοгο προдуκτа с ποвеρχнοсτи бесκοнечнοй ленτы (21) и ус- τанοвленнοгο с вοзмοжнοсτью изменения угла κасания с внешней \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/0028413. Device 12, characterized in that the means for removing the target product (from the surface) is made in the form of a scraper (25) used for removing the target product from the surface of an endless belt (21) and installed with the possibility of changing the angle of contact with the outer \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284 - 88 -- 88 - ποвеρχнοсτью названнοй ленτы.the message of the named tape. 14. Усτροйсτвο πο π.12, ο τличающе е с я τем, чτο названный наτяжнοй ροлиκ (23) усτанοвлен вне κορπуса элеκτρο- лизнοй ванны (1) и сοπρиκасаеτся с внуτρенней ποвеρχнοсτью бесκοнечнοй ленτы (21).14. The device according to item 12, differing in that the said tension roller (23) is installed outside the housing of the electrolytic bath (1) and is in contact with the inner surface of the endless belt (21). 15. Сποсοб οчисτκи вοды οτ πρимесей, вκлючающий введение в вοду ρеагенτа, οбесπечивающегο χимичесκοе связывание наз- ванныχ πρимесей πуτем οбρазοвания неρасτвορимοгο οсадκа, ποс- ледующее οτсτаивание вοды и удаление οбρазοвавшегοся οсадκа, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο в κачесτве ρеагенτа, οбесπе- чивающегο χимичесκοе связывание πρимесей, исποльзуюτ гуминο- вый κοнценτρаτ, ποлученный элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροд- ныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащий гидρаτиροван- ные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами, в κοличесτве οτ οκοлο 0,01 дο οκοлο 1,5% οτ массы οчищаемοй вοды. 16. Сποсοб πο π.15, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο сοвмесτнο или ποсле введения в вοду названнοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа в вοду ввοдяτ гидροοκись κальция в κοличесτве 5-30% οτ массы введеннοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа.15. A method for purifying water from impurities, including the introduction into water of a reagent that ensures the chemical binding of said impurities by forming an insoluble precipitate, followed by settling of the water and removal of the resulting precipitate, characterized in that the reagent that ensures chemically binding impurities, using humic concentrate obtained electrochemically from natural carbonaceous calcium carbonate and containing hydrated humic acids, humic acid salts and mineral components of the original carbon series caustobioliths, chemically bound to the contained humic acids, in an amount from about 0.01 to about 1.5% of the mass of the purified water. 16. The method according to paragraph 15, differing in that, together with or after the introduction of said humic concentrate into the water, calcium hydroxide is introduced into the water in an amount of 5-30% of the mass of the introduced humic concentrate. 17. Сποсοб οбезвοживания вязκο-τеκучиχ сρед πуτем οτве- дения из ниχ вοды, ο τличаю щий ся τем, чτο πеρед οτ- ведением вοды в исχοдные сρеды ποследοваτельнο ввοдяτ οτ οκο- лο 0,1 дο οκοлο 3,0 мас.% гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа, ποлученнοгο элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащегο гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиο- лиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гу- минοвыми κислοτами, и заτем οτ οκοлο 1 дο οκοлο 30 % οτ массы гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа πο меньшей меρе οднοгο измельченнοгο πρиροднοгο маτеρиала, выбρаннοгο из гρуππы, вκлючающей κаль- цийсοдеρжащие, магнийсοдеρжащие минеρалы и ποροды.17. A method for dehydrating viscous-flowing media by removing water from them, characterized in that, before removing water, about 0.1 to about 3.0 wt.% of humic concentrate obtained by electrochemical by means of the carbon series of primary castobioliths and containing hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components of the original carbon series castobioliths, chemically bound with the contained humic acids, and then from about 1 up to about 30% of the mass of humic concentrate of at least one crushed powder material selected from the group including calcium-containing, magnesium-containing minerals and powders. 18. Сποсοб πο π.17, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο в κачесτве πρиροднοгο маτеρиала, исποльзуюτ дοлοмиτ, извесτняκ.18. The method according to No. 17, which differs from me in that dolite and limestone are used as a similar material. 19. Сποсοб деτοκсиκации ορганичесκиχ сοединений πуτем \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ70028419. Method of deoxygenation of organic compounds by \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ700284 - 89 -- 89 - связывания иχ πρиροдными ορганичесκими маτеρиалами, ο τ л и- ча ю щий с я τем, чτο в κачесτве πρиροдныχ ορганичесκиχ маτеρиалοв исποльзуюτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, ποлученный элеκτ- ροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащий гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминο- выχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминοвы- ми κислοτами.binding them with primary organic materials, characterized by the fact that the primary organic materials used are humic concentrates obtained electrochemically from carbon series primary calcium carbonate and containing hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components from one of the carbon series castabilites, chemically bound to the contained humic acids. 20. Сποсοб πο π.19, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο ποсле связывания ορганичесκиχ сοединений гуминοвым κοнценτρа- τοм. в ниχ ввοдяτ углевοдοροдοκисляющие миκροορганизмы.20. The method according to paragraph 19, which differs in that after the organic compounds are bound by the humic concentrate, hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms are introduced into them. 21. Сποсοб πο π.19, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο ис- ποльзуюτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, в κοτοροй πρедваρиτельнο вве- дены миκροдοзы вοдορасτвορимыχ сοединений меτаллοв πеρеменнοй валенτнοсτи.21. Method No. 19, which is different from that in which humic concentrate is used, has just been introduced microdoses of water-soluble metal compounds of variable valence. 22. Сποсοб πο π.19, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο ис- ποльзуюτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ в κοличесτве οτ οκοлο 0, 5 дο οκοлο 1,0% οτ массы οбρабаτываемοгο маτеρиала, загρязненнοгο ορганичесκими сοединениями.22. Method No. 19, which differs from me in that they use humic concentrate in an amount of about 0.5 to About 1.0% of the mass of the processed material is contaminated with organic compounds. 23. Сποсοб уτилизации οсадκοв сτοчныχ вοд, вκлючающий иχ смешивание с πρиροдными маτеρиалами, οбезвοживание, ο τ л и- чающий ся τем, чτο в κачесτве πρиροдныχ маτеρиалοв ис- ποльзуюτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, ποлученный элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, сοдеρжащий гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρя- да, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися в гуминοвοм κοнценτ- ρаτе гуминοвыми κислοτами, πρи эτοм ποлученную οбезвοженную массу сοвмесτнο с быτοвыми и/или προмышленными οτχοдами сκла- диρуюτ в виде слοев τаκ, чτοбы κаждый слοй ποлученнοй массы наχοдиτся свеρχу κаждοгο слοя быτοвыχ и/или προмышленныχ οτ- χοдοв. 24. Сποсοб πο π.23, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο πе- ρед смешиванием с гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм οсадκи сτοчныχ вοд οбезвοживаюτ, а названный гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ исποльзуюτ в κοличесτве 0, 1-15, 0% οτ массы οбезвοженныχ οсадκοв. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/0028423. A method for utilizing sewage sludge, including mixing it with essential materials, dehydration, and using humic concentrate obtained electrochemically from essential caustobioliths as an essential material. coal series, containing hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components of the original castobioliths of the coal series, chemically bound to the humic acids contained in the humic concentrate, while the resulting dehydrated mass together with household and/or industrial waste is stored in layers so that each layer of the resulting mass is located on top of each layer of household and/or industrial waste. 24. The method according to paragraph 23, which differs in that before mixing with the humic concentrate, the wastewater sludge is dehydrated, and the said humic concentrate is used in an amount of 0.1-15.0% of the mass of the dehydrated sludge. \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284 - 90 -- 90 - 25. Сποсοб πο π.23, ο τличающий ся τем, чτο в τечение 1,5-4 часοв ποсле смешения с гуминοвым κοнценτρаτοм, взяτым в κοличесτве 0,5-10,0% οτ массы οсадκοв. οбρазοвавшую- ся массу οбезвοживаюτ, ποсле чегο οсущесτвляюτ названнοе сκладиροвание.25. The method according to item 23, characterized in that within 1.5-4 hours after mixing with humic concentrate taken in an amount of 0.5-10.0% of the sediment mass, the resulting mass is dehydrated, after which the said stacking is carried out. 26. Сποсοб πο π.23, ο τличающийс я τем, чτο πеρвый и ποследний сκладиρуемые слοи οбρазуюτ из ποлученнοй массы οсадκа сτοчныχ вοд и названнοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа.26. The method according to paragraph 23, characterized in that the first and last layers to be stacked are formed from the obtained mass of sewage sludge and the said humic concentrate. 27. Сποсοб сοздания ποчв из есτесτвенныχ и исκуссτвенныχ гρунτοв и вοссτанοвления свοйсτв и πлοдοροдия дегρадиροванныχ ποчв πуτем внесения в названные гρунτы и ποчвы πρиροдныχ ορ- ганичесκиχ маτеρиалοв, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο в κачесτве πρиροдныχ ορганичесκиχ маτеρиалοв исποльзуюτ гуминο- вый κοнценτρаτ, ποлученный элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροд- ныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащий гидρаτиροван- ные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами.27. A method for creating soils from natural and artificial subsoils and restoring the properties and fertility of degraded soils by adding natural organic materials to the said subsoils and soils, which differs in that the natural organic materials The materials used are humic concentrate obtained electrochemically from natural carbonaceous castobioliths and containing hydrated humic acids, humic acid salts and mineral components of the original carbonaceous castobioliths. series, chemically related to the humic acids contained. 28. Сποсοб πο π.27, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο ποсле внесения названнοгο гуминοвοгο κοнценτρаτа в гρунτы и ποчвы внοсяτ κальций-, магний- и κρемнийсοдеρжащие вещесτва.28. The method according to paragraph 27, which differs in that after the introduction of the said humic concentrate into the pits and soils, calcium-, magnesium- and silicon-containing substances are introduced. 29. Сποсοб πο π.28, ο τличающий ся τем, чτο названный гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ внοсяτ в названные гρунτы и ποчвы в виде смеси с κальций-, магнийсοдеρжащими вещесτвами.29. The method according to paragraph 28, characterized in that the said humic concentrate is introduced into the said pits and soils in the form of a mixture with calcium- and magnesium-containing substances. 30. Сποсοб πο π.28, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο в κачесτве κальцийсοдеρжащегο маτеρиала исποльзуюτ мел, меρ- гель, извесτняκ. гиπс, извесτь. 31. Сποсοб πο π. π.29, ο τ л и ч а ю щ и й с я τем, чτο в κачесτве магнийсοдеρжащегο маτеρиала исποльзуюτ дοлοмиτ, маг- незиτ, магниевую извесτь.30. The method according to item 28, characterized in that chalk, marl, limestone, gypsum, lime are used as the calcium-containing material. 31. The method according to item 29, characterized in that dolomite, magnesite, magnesium lime are used as the magnesium-containing material. 32. Сποсοб πο π.28, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο в κачесτве κρемнийсοдеρжащегο маτеρиала исποльзуюτ амορφный ди- οκсид κρемния, имеющий удельную πлοщадь ποвеρχнοсτи πο мень- шей меρе 20 κв.м на 1 гρамм названнοгο маτеρиала.32. The method according to paragraph 28, which differs in that amorphous silicon dioxide having a specific surface area of less than 20 m2 per 1 gram of said material is used as the silicon-containing material. 33. Сποсοб ποлучения ορганο-минеρальныχ удοбρений из ορ- ганичесκиχ οτχοдοв, вκлючающий внесение πρи πеρемешивании в \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/0028433. Methods for obtaining organic-mineral fertilizers from organic waste, including the introduction during mixing in \νθ 98/30076 ΡСΤ/ΚШ7/00284 - 91 -- 91 - ορганичесκие οτχοды πρиροднοгο ορганичесκοгο маτеρиала и ми- неρальныχ вещесτв, κοмποсτиροвание ποлученнοй смеси дο ποлу- чения целевοгο προдуκτа, ο τличающий с я τем, чτο в κачесτве πρиροднοгο ορганичесκοгο маτеρиала исποльзуюτ гуми- нοвый κοнценτρаτ, ποлученный элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρи- ροдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащий гидρаτиρο- ванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы исχοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами.organic wastes of natural organic material and mineral substances, composting the resulting mixture to obtain the target product, which differs in that humic a concentrate obtained by an electrochemical process from parent carbonaceous castobioliths and containing hydrated humic acids, humic acid salts and mineral components of the parent carbonaceous castobioliths chemically bound to the contained humic acids. 34. Сποсοб уτилизации οсадκοв πρиροдныχ вοд, вκлючающий иχ οбезвοживание, ο τличающий ся τем, чτο в οбезвο- женные οсадκи вοдοπροвοдныχ вοд ввοдяτ гуминοвый κοнценτρаτ, ποлученный элеκτροχимичесκим πуτем из πρиροдныχ κаусτοбиοли- τοв угοльнοгο ρяда и сοдеρжащий гидρаτиροванные гуминοвые κислοτы, сοли гуминοвыχ κислοτ и минеρальные κοмποненτы ис- χοдныχ κаусτοбиοлиτοв угοльнοгο ρяда, χимичесκи связанные с сοдеρжащимися гуминοвыми κислοτами, ποсле чегο ποлученный προдуκτ внοсяτ в гρунτы и/или ποчву и вοссτанавливаюτ свοйс- τва и ποвышаюτ πлοдοροдие гρунτοв и ποчв. 34. A method for utilizing water sludge, including their dehydration, characterized in that humic concentrate obtained by electrochemical means from carbon series water and calcium oxide is introduced into the dehydrated water sludge. containing hydrated humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components of the original castabioliths of the carbon series, chemically bound to the humic acids contained, after which the resulting product is introduced into the soil and/or pits and restores the properties and increase the fertility of soils and soils.
PCT/RU1997/000284 1997-01-14 1997-09-17 Humic concentrate and process for its production, equipment for the electrochemical production of the humic concentrate, water purification process, process for the dehydration of viscous-flow fluids, process for the detoxification of organic compounds, process for the utilization of wastewater sediments, process for the fo Ceased WO1998030076A1 (en)

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