WO1998026871A1 - Nanotubes, verwendung solcher nanotubes sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Nanotubes, verwendung solcher nanotubes sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998026871A1 WO1998026871A1 PCT/CH1997/000470 CH9700470W WO9826871A1 WO 1998026871 A1 WO1998026871 A1 WO 1998026871A1 CH 9700470 W CH9700470 W CH 9700470W WO 9826871 A1 WO9826871 A1 WO 9826871A1
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- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/32—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general by oxidation or hydrolysis of elements or compounds in the liquid or solid state or in non-aqueous solution, e.g. sol-gel process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/60—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape characterised by shape
- C30B29/605—Products containing multiple oriented crystallites, e.g. columnar crystallites
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- C30B7/00—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/15—X-ray diffraction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/30—Scanning electron microscopy; Transmission electron microscopy
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
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- C01P2004/12—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like with a cylindrical shape
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
- C01P2004/13—Nanotubes
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
- C01P2004/13—Nanotubes
- C01P2004/133—Multiwall nanotubes
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- C01P2004/45—Aggregated particles or particles with an intergrown morphology
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- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/734—Fullerenes, i.e. graphene-based structures, such as nanohorns, nanococoons, nanoscrolls or fullerene-like structures, e.g. WS2 or MoS2 chalcogenide nanotubes, planar C3N4, etc.
- Y10S977/742—Carbon nanotubes, CNTs
- Y10S977/744—Carbon nanotubes, CNTs having atoms interior to the carbon cage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
- Y10S977/842—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure for carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
Definitions
- Nanotubes use of such nanotubes and methods for their production
- Nanotubes and methods for their production are known in the prior art. They are needle-shaped tubes with a length of, for example, 1000 ⁇ and a diameter of several 100 ⁇ . Nanotubes are separated or separable and are not specifically aligned spatially. Scaffold structures are also known which are constructed from tubes which are networked with one another. The tubes of these sponge-like structures have an inner diameter that is hardly larger than 80 ⁇ due to growth.
- Nanotubes made of gold or titanium dioxide are also known, as can be found in a publication in Langmuir, Vol. 12, No. 6, 1996, pages 1411 to 1413.
- individual nanotubes can be used to capture individual molecules.
- the nanotubes can be handled individually and can, for example for microscopic examinations.
- carbon nanotubes have the particular disadvantage that they are not stable to oxidative influences.
- the nanotubes according to the invention are characterized in that they are made from a transition metal oxide. Such nanotubes can also be produced separately and are essentially not spatially aligned. They are significantly more stable to oxidation than carbon nanotubes and show further advantageous properties and applications that are not available with carbon nanotubes. In particular, the nanotubes according to the invention have clear redox activities which open up numerous new uses and applications. Nanotubes made from mixed-valent vanadium oxide have proven to be particularly advantageous. These are particularly stable to oxidation and can be prepared in a solution.
- nanotubes according to the invention and in particular nanotubes made from mixed-valent vanadium dioxide are suitable as active material for catalytic reactions. Particularly advantageous applications arise for the implementation of redox reactions in batteries as storage electrodes or in high-performance capacitors. Further advantageous uses of the nanotubes according to the invention are seen in carrying out exchange reactions on a tube content which can be formed by molecules, metal clusters, semimetal clusters or polymers, in particular so-called molecular wires.
- the nanotubes are size-selective so that proteins of certain sizes can be stored in the tubes, for example.
- the invention also relates to an advantageous method for producing nanotubes and preferred uses. Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below.
- the accompanying drawings show:
- FIG. 1 shows a partial electron microscopic view of a nanotube
- FIG. 2 shows an electron microscopic view of a group of nanotubes
- FIG. 3a shows a scanning electron microscope image of open vanadium oxide nanotubes with a length of up to 2000 nm
- 3b shows an EM image of low resolution, which shows that isolated or fused vanadium oxide nanotubes are obtained as the main product after the hydrothermal analysis
- 3f shows a picture of nanotubes with a closed end, the ratio of alkoxide to template being 1: 1, and
- FIG. 4 shows a high-resolution TEM image of a cation-exchanged nanotube, the layer contrasts here being only a distance in accordance with the arrow marking of 0.86 nm and some places show a fine structure, which indicates an ordered structure in the individual wall layers and between them.
- the nanotubes according to the invention form multilayer tubes which are open at both ends but can also be closed. As already mentioned, the individual tubes can be separated.
- the nanotubes are made from mixed-valent vanadium. These form a black powder.
- the invention also encompasses nanotubes made from other transition metal oxides, in particular vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide and indium oxide.
- nanotubes according to the invention from vanadium oxide or molybdenum oxide is given below.
- molybdenum oxide the vanadium is replaced by molybdenum.
- Hexadecylamine can be replaced by another neutral surfactant molecule.
- the vanadium oxide triisopropoxide can also be replaced by another metal alkoxide, in particular molybdenum alkoxide.
- the quantitative ratio of the surfactant molecules to the alkoxide is essential. Suitable substance ratios are 1: 2 and 1: 3.
- the black, powdery material is paramagnetic and shows semi-metallic electronic conduction behavior, which is attributed to the mixed-valent vanadium centers.
- the electron micrographs show almost exclusively beautiful isolated or star-shaped fused nanotubes (Fig. 3a) with a length of up to 2000 nm.
- the cylindrical open ends of the tubes are clearly visible in the scanning electron microscope (FIG. 3b).
- High-resolution TEM images show that the tubes have diameters between 15 and 100 nm with tunnel openings between 5 and 50 nm.
- the walls consist of concentric shells with a thickness of about 3 nm. This corresponds exactly to that strongest X-ray reflex in the powder diagram (Fig. 3e).
- ETH1 In line with the usual practice for zeolite-like and mesoporous materials, this product is referred to here as ETH1.
- closed tubes can also be obtained at the ends (see FIG. 3f). Fascinating is the observation that the layer spacing in the tube walls decreases from ETH1 (approx. 2.8 to 3.0 nm) to approx. 0.86 nm (Fig. 4, arrow marking) after detemplation (ETH2, Fig. 4) . Since the majority of the tubes remain intact during this reaction, a cooperative process must be assumed.
- the crystallinity of the exchanged product is considerably better than that of ETH1; in some cases even weak contrast distances of about 0.65 nm can be observed on the tube surfaces, which indicate a crystalline order within and between the wall layers (FIG. 4, arrow marking).
- the significantly higher thermal load capacity of the tubes in the electron beam can also be interpreted in this regard.
- the exchanged and structurally changed material is referred to as ETH2.
- the VO ⁇ tubes are the main product of direct chemical synthesis at relatively low temperatures.
- oxidic mesoporous substances such as MCM41 or MCM49
- the tunnel diameters are up to a factor of 10 larger.
- no multilayer walls have so far been observed for MCM materials, which may be a reason why possibly also intermediate, isolated aluminosilicate tubes have not been observed to date.
- the nanotubes according to the invention open up intriguing possibilities for further chemical and physical explorations of nanosize structures, and they can be a fruitful stimulus for potential applications.
- the general cooperative exchange of cations between the layers opens up a variety of experiments regarding the incorporation of functional cations or cation complexes.
- the size of the Tubes can also be interesting in relation to a large material surface, we believe that they can be used above all for the absorption of large functional molecules and for the combination of inorganic material and polymeric organic or even biological substances. It is also essential that the multilayer material of the nanotubes can also contain template molecules in the intermediate layers, which can be removed by simple cation exchange while maintaining the tubes.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/331,243 US6210800B1 (en) | 1996-12-18 | 1997-12-17 | Use and production of nanotubes containing a mixed valence venadium |
| AU51864/98A AU5186498A (en) | 1996-12-18 | 1997-12-17 | Nanotubes, use and manufacture of same |
| US09/764,077 US6605266B2 (en) | 1996-12-18 | 2001-01-19 | Use and process for production of nanotubes |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH3106/96 | 1996-12-18 | ||
| CH03106/96A CH690720A5 (de) | 1996-12-18 | 1996-12-18 | Nanotubes, Verwendung solcher Nanotubes sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1998026871A1 true WO1998026871A1 (de) | 1998-06-25 |
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ID=4248756
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH1997/000470 Ceased WO1998026871A1 (de) | 1996-12-18 | 1997-12-17 | Nanotubes, verwendung solcher nanotubes sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6210800B1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU5186498A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH690720A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998026871A1 (de) |
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001030690A3 (de) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-09-20 | Eidgenoess Tech Hochschule | Verfahren zur herstellung von aus übergangsmetalloxiden bestehenden nanotubes |
| EP1227064A1 (de) * | 2001-01-25 | 2002-07-31 | Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Molybdänoxid, das durch dieses Verfahren hergestellte Molybdänoxid und dessen Verwendung |
| EP1246219A1 (de) * | 2001-03-26 | 2002-10-02 | Abb Research Ltd. | Feldemissionskathode |
| WO2003046536A1 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2003-06-05 | Sony International (Europe) Gmbh | The use of 1d semiconductor materials as chemical sensing materials, produced and operated close to room temperature |
| US6653022B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2003-11-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Vanadium oxide electrode materials and methods |
| US6911682B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2005-06-28 | Nantero, Inc. | Electromechanical three-trace junction devices |
| US6919592B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2005-07-19 | Nantero, Inc. | Electromechanical memory array using nanotube ribbons and method for making same |
| US6942921B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2005-09-13 | Nantero, Inc. | Nanotube films and articles |
| US6979590B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2005-12-27 | Nantero, Inc. | Methods of making electromechanical three-trace junction devices |
| US7120047B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2006-10-10 | Segal Brent M | Device selection circuitry constructed with nanotube technology |
| US7176505B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2007-02-13 | Nantero, Inc. | Electromechanical three-trace junction devices |
| US7264990B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2007-09-04 | Nantero, Inc. | Methods of nanotubes films and articles |
| US7274078B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2007-09-25 | Nantero, Inc. | Devices having vertically-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same |
| US7304357B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2007-12-04 | Nantero, Inc. | Devices having horizontally-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same |
| US7335395B2 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2008-02-26 | Nantero, Inc. | Methods of using pre-formed nanotubes to make carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles |
| US7342818B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2008-03-11 | Nantero, Inc. | Hybrid circuit having nanotube electromechanical memory |
| US7531136B2 (en) | 2001-11-26 | 2009-05-12 | Sony Deutschland Gmbh | Chemical sensor |
| US7560136B2 (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2009-07-14 | Nantero, Inc. | Methods of using thin metal layers to make carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles |
| US7566478B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2009-07-28 | Nantero, Inc. | Methods of making carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles |
| CN100547707C (zh) * | 2004-10-25 | 2009-10-07 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | 一种超级电容器及其制造方法 |
| US7622098B2 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2009-11-24 | Cyprus Amax Minerals Company | Method for producing nano-particles of metal oxide |
| US7883673B2 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2011-02-08 | Cyprus Amax Minerals Company | Apparatus for producing nano-particles of molybdenum oxide |
| WO2020259423A1 (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-12-30 | 上海海事大学 | 掺杂的二氧化钒微米管阵列的制备方法及二氧化钒微米管阵列和二氧化钒微米管 |
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| US7754183B2 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2010-07-13 | Clemson University Research Foundation | Process for preparing carbon nanostructures with tailored properties and products utilizing same |
| RU2317257C2 (ru) * | 2006-03-09 | 2008-02-20 | Государственное учреждение "Институт химии твердого тела" Уральского отделения Российской академии наук | Способ получения нанотрубок оксида ванадия, допированного катионами металла |
| RU2336230C2 (ru) * | 2006-05-10 | 2008-10-20 | Государственное учреждение "Институт химии твердого тела" Уральского отделения Российской академии наук | Способ получения нанотубулярных структур оксидов подгруппы ванадия или хрома (варианты) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20020127397A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| US6210800B1 (en) | 2001-04-03 |
| CH690720A5 (de) | 2000-12-29 |
| US6605266B2 (en) | 2003-08-12 |
| AU5186498A (en) | 1998-07-15 |
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