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WO1998015047A1 - Dispositif de stockage d'electricite - Google Patents

Dispositif de stockage d'electricite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998015047A1
WO1998015047A1 PCT/JP1997/003506 JP9703506W WO9815047A1 WO 1998015047 A1 WO1998015047 A1 WO 1998015047A1 JP 9703506 W JP9703506 W JP 9703506W WO 9815047 A1 WO9815047 A1 WO 9815047A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power storage
connection mode
battery
capacitors
storage means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP1997/003506
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroyasu Suzuki
Toshiya Shinbo
Nobuya Furukawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Motors Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Motors Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP08128897A external-priority patent/JP3498529B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP08128797A external-priority patent/JP3557840B2/ja
Application filed by Mitsubishi Motors Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Motors Corp
Publication of WO1998015047A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998015047A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4264—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing with capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power storage device suitable for use in an electric vehicle.
  • the current power source for electric vehicles is a battery in which a large number of storage batteries (hereinafter also referred to as batteries) are connected in series (assembled batteries). You are using
  • the output voltage is determined depending on the discharge amount, such as a lithium-ion battery (hereinafter, referred to as a lithium battery) (see FIG. 5)
  • the voltage of each battery is equalized, and the It is possible to equalize the amount of discharge of the battery (in other words, the amount of charge or the remaining capacity), and charge while adjusting the voltage of each battery to be equal.
  • a voltage balancing circuit for a storage battery has been conventionally provided, and is configured as shown in FIG.
  • the circuit shown in FIG. 12 is an excerpt of one cell (or one module) of the voltage balancing circuit of the assembled battery, and each battery is equipped with the same circuit.
  • a charging operation is performed in a state including such a circuit.
  • a discharging operation is performed by the circuit.
  • the terminal voltage of the battery 101 rises due to the progress of charging, but this state is monitored by the voltage monitoring circuit (voltage detection circuit) 104, and the voltage VB across the cell exceeds the set voltage.
  • the discharge switch 102 is shifted to the ON state (closed state).
  • the discharge resistor 103 is energized, and the electric energy is consumed by being converted into heat.
  • the discharge switch 102 is shifted to the off state (open state). By repeatedly turning on and off the discharge switch 102, the voltage VB of the battery cell is adjusted to the set voltage.
  • a method is generally used in which a power element such as a power transistor is used in place of the discharge switch 102 and the voltage is adjusted by linear control instead of on / off control.
  • the energy exceeding the set voltage is wasted by the discharge resistor 103 in the form of heat.
  • balancing can be performed only when the cell voltage VB at the end of charging rises, and there is a problem that voltage balancing cannot be performed using idle time during discharging or when the vehicle is not used. is there.
  • This technology connects capacitors at both ends of a series-connected battery pack and charges each battery cell (charged cell) almost uniformly.
  • a large-capacity capacitor is required, and each battery cell is required.
  • the control to select the desired cell to be charged while detecting the terminal voltage of the battery is complicated with the control port.
  • each capacitor is connected in parallel with the corresponding battery, and each capacitor is placed adjacent to the corresponding battery.
  • the voltage balancing time of each battery greatly changes depending on the specification of the capacitor and the switching cycle (or switching frequency) for switching each connection mode, so that the performance of the battery may not be fully exploited. Conceivable. Also, simply setting the switching frequency high can shorten the voltage balancing time, but in this case, the energy loss increases with the switching operation at the time of mode switching. Challenges arise. Disclosure of the invention
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a power storage device that can balance the amount of charge of power storage means even when the battery is not fully charged, while preventing waste of electric energy.
  • Another object of the present invention is to meet the specifications and performance of batteries and capacitors.
  • Power storage device that efficiently balances the voltages of a plurality of batteries in the same manner, and can reduce the time for balancing the voltages of a plurality of storage batteries while reliably preventing energy loss due to the switching operation described above. It is to provide
  • a power storage device of the present invention includes: a plurality of power storage units connected in series; the same number of power storage units as the plurality of power storage units; and the plurality of power storage units for each of the plurality of power storage units.
  • Control means for controlling the switching means so as to sequentially switch to the adjacent power storage means.
  • connection mode by the switching means a first connection mode in which the plurality of power storage means are connected in parallel to each of the plurality of power storages; and a first connection mode in which each of the plurality of power storages is connected to the first
  • the control means includes a first connection mode and a second connection mode which are arranged at predetermined intervals. It is preferable that the switching means be controlled so as to alternately switch between the two.
  • connection modes by means include a first connection mode in which the plurality of power storage means are connected in parallel to each of the plurality of power storage devices, and a first connection mode in which each of the plurality of power storage devices is connected in the first connection mode.
  • a second connection mode in which power storage means adjacent to the connected power storage means are connected in parallel, and a first connection mode in which the plurality of power storage devices are respectively connected to the plurality of power storage devices through the plurality of resistors.
  • a third connection mode in which the connected power storage means or the power storage means connected in the second connection mode are connected in parallel, respectively, wherein the control means first performs the third connection mode.
  • control means is configured to control the switching means so that the potential states of the plurality of power storage means are equal to each other.
  • control means is configured to set the predetermined cycle based on a resistance value and an electric capacity of the capacitor, and more preferably, the predetermined cycle includes: The time constant determined by the product of the resistance value and the electric capacity of the capacitor is set to be approximately 1 Z3 or less.
  • the power storage means is a storage battery, and a plurality of the storage batteries are connected in series and configured as an assembled battery used for an electric vehicle power supply.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a main configuration of a power storage device as a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram corresponding to FIG. 1 for describing the operation of the power storage device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating an operation mode different from FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a main part circuit diagram for explaining the operation principle of the power storage device as the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a main part circuit diagram for explaining the operation principle of the power storage device as the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing characteristics of a battery in the power storage device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a main configuration of a power storage device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a main configuration of a power storage device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 for describing the operation of the power storage device according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating an operation mode different from FIG. .
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing charge / discharge characteristics of a general capacitor (capacitor) in a power storage device as a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a result of simulating the relationship between the voltage balancing time of the storage battery and the switching frequency of the switch in the power storage device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a voltage balancing time when the electric capacity of the battery is changed while the resistance is fixed.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a result of simulating the relationship between the voltage balancing time of the storage battery and the switching frequency of the switch in the power storage device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a voltage balancing time when the resistance of the battery is changed while the electric capacity is fixed.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a conventional power storage device. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 show a power storage device as a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. Fig. 7 shows a power storage device as a second embodiment
  • Figs. 7 to 11 show power storage devices as one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present power storage device includes a plurality of power storage devices. Ponds (secondary batteries, also referred to as batteries or battery cells) 1 to 5 are configured as assembled batteries connected in series. In this example, as an example in which a plurality of batteries are connected in series, an example in which five batteries are connected is shown, but the number of batteries is not limited to this.
  • capacitors C1 to C5 which can be connected in parallel with the plurality of power storage means 1 to 5, respectively, and which are connected in series with each other.
  • switches S1 to S5 as connection switching means are interposed between the respective storage batteries C1 to C5 and the corresponding storage batteries 1 to 5, respectively.
  • Switches S 0 and S 6 as connection switching means are provided in a connecting portion 8 that connects the cells of the storage battery 5 (terminal B side) in a ring shape.
  • terminals S 1 B and S 2 A are applied between the storage batteries 1 and 2 ⁇ the terminals S 2 B and S 3 A are provided between the storage batteries 2 and 3, and the terminals are provided between the storage batteries 3 and 4.
  • Terminals S 4 B and S 5 A are connected between storage batteries 4 and 5, respectively, and terminals S 0 B and S 4 A are connected between one end of the assembled battery and storage battery 1.
  • terminals S 5 B and S 6 A are connected between the other end of the assembled battery and the storage battery 5, respectively, and a terminal S 6 B is connected to one end of the capacitor C 1 and a capacitor C
  • the terminal SOA is connected to the end of the capacitor C 5 on the side of the capacitor C 5, respectively, and the switch S 1 that can selectively switch between the terminals S 1 A and S 1 B is connected to one end of the capacitor C 1.
  • the switch S2, which can selectively connect and switch the terminal S2A and the terminal S2B, is provided between the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2, and the switch S2 between the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3.
  • Switch S3 switch that can be connected and disconnected Switch S4 switch that can selectively switch terminal S4A and terminal S4B between the capacitors C3 and C4 Terminal S 5 on the capacitor C 5 side
  • a switch S5 is provided to selectively switch connection between A and the terminal S5B ⁇ , and a terminal SOA and a terminal S0B are provided at one end of the capacitor C5 (side of the capacitor C4).
  • a switch S 6 for selectively switching connection between a terminal S 6 A and a terminal S 6 B is provided on the other end of the switch S 0, which can be selectively switched.
  • switches SO to S6 are configured to be switched in an interlocked manner, each of which is connected to the terminals S0A to S6A (the first connection mode KM1) and each of the terminals S0A to S6A. It is configured to be able to simultaneously and synchronously switch between the state connected to 0B to S6B (the second connection mode M2).
  • the capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 are connected in parallel with the corresponding storage batteries 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively.
  • each of the capacitors C 1, C 2, C 3, C 4, C 5 and the storage batteries 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 adjacent to the corresponding storage batteries 1 to 5 Each is connected in parallel.
  • control means 7 for controlling switching between the first connection mode M1 and the second connection mode M2 by the connection switching means S0 to S6 is provided. It is configured to make the potential difference of each of the storage batteries 1 to 5 equal while repeating the mode switching in a required cycle by the control signal.
  • connection switching means is constituted by the switches S0 to S6.
  • non-contact switching means such as a transistor is used. It is conceivable to configure with.
  • a charging voltage is applied between terminals A and B, and storage batteries 1 to 5 are charged.
  • the switches S0 to S6 are interlocked and switched by the control signal from the control means 7, and the connection state to the terminals S0A to S6A and the connection state to the terminals S0B to S6B are changed. Are switched simultaneously.
  • the second connection module KM 2 connected in parallel with the storage batteries 2, 3, 4, 5, 5 and 1 adjacent to the storage batteries 1 to 5 corresponding to the storage capacitors CI, C2, C3, C4, and C5 is selected. Is switched.
  • connection switching means SO to S6 The switching between the first connection mode M1 and the second connection mode KM2 by the connection switching means SO to S6 is repeated at a required cycle by the control signal from the control means 7. As a result, the potential difference between the storage batteries 1 to 5 gradually equalizes.
  • the storage batteries 1 to 5 are formed of, for example, lithium batteries, and the voltage is determined depending on the discharge amount as in the characteristics of the lithium batteries shown in FIG. Conversely, it can be said that the battery voltage is determined depending on the charged amount (charged amount). Therefore, the state of a desired discharge amount, that is, a charged amount (charged amount) is adjusted by such voltage balancing.
  • the discharge amount charge Amount that does not reach the desired state Force
  • the amount of discharge (the amount of charge) of each battery in the assembled battery is equalized to the desired state
  • the performance of such a battery for example, a lithium battery
  • the operation of balancing the amount of charge (charging rate) by voltage balancing is performed for each of the storage batteries 1 to 5.
  • the electric charge is transferred through the capacitors C1 to C5 to balance the voltages of the batteries 1 to 5, so that a large heat generating element is generated. Does not exist, and balancing is achieved in a state where energy loss due to heat generation is avoided.
  • the equilibrium operation can be performed in all states, not only during charging until the battery is fully charged, but also during driving, charging, discharging, etc. Even when the battery is not used, the balancing operation can be performed. Of course, it can also be used for hybrid electric vehicles that do not charge until they are fully charged during power generation.
  • the switches S 0 to S 6 A switching element such as a power element (FET or IGBT) with the smallest possible switching loss is used for the control means 7 and a circuit for automatically switching the switches S0 to S6 by an external oscillation circuit or the like. It is preferable to equip it.
  • FET power element
  • capacitors C1 to C5 are relatively large capacitors, for example, an electric double layer capacitor, the voltage can be quickly balanced.For example, such voltage control is always or frequently performed. In this case, even if a small-capacity capacitor is used, the amount of charge can be balanced by the voltage balance sufficiently for practical use.
  • the control means 7 is provided with a maintenance switch used when performing maintenance, or driven when an external voltage measurement circuit or the like requires it.
  • a maintenance switch used when performing maintenance, or driven when an external voltage measurement circuit or the like requires it.
  • Method driving when the vehicle is not in use, driving at regular intervals using a timer circuit, etc., controlling the connected electric load, etc. (For electric vehicles, use a motor controller or a residual capacity meter. Etc.)
  • Various combinations such as a method of driving in the case of being conceived are conceivable.
  • the present power storage device can also be applied to a battery pack in which a capacitor (capacitor) is used instead of a battery as the power storage means.
  • a capacitor capacitor
  • this circuit is not always performed, and it is possible to realize a method of balancing the voltage at any required time by using a battery cell voltage monitor, etc.
  • this circuit by applying this circuit to a lithium ion battery, the ability of after having pulled out 1 0 0 Pas one cents of the lithium-ion battery, ensure safety mosquito readily 7 by.
  • FIG. 6 storage batteries (batteries) 11 and 12 as a plurality of power storage means are connected in series. Constitutes an assembled battery. Although this example shows an example in which two batteries are connected, the number of batteries is not limited to this, as in the first embodiment.
  • a plurality of capacitors (capacitors) C11 and C12 are provided that can be connected in parallel to the respective power storage means 11 and 12. Further, switches S11 to S14 as connection switching means are interposed between each of the storage batteries CI1, CI2 and each of the storage batteries 11, 12.
  • terminals S11B, S12A, S12C, S13A, S13C and S14B power, '
  • storage battery 1 One end (terminal A side) of terminal 1 has terminals S11A, S11C and S13B, and the other end (terminal B side) of storage battery 12 has terminals S12B, S14A and S14C are connected respectively.
  • a resistor R 11 having a desired resistance value is connected between the terminal A side of the storage battery 11 and the terminal S 11 C.
  • a resistor R12 having a desired resistance value is connected between the terminal B side of the terminal 12 and the terminal S14C.
  • a switch S 11 1 which can be selectively connected to terminal S 11 A, terminal S 11 B or terminal S 11 C at one end of the capacitor C 11 is also provided. at the other end to the terminal S 1 2 a, terminal S 1 2 B or terminal S 1 2 C selectively connected switchable switch S 1 2 further c are provided, one end of the capacitor C 1 2
  • the switch S13 which can be selectively connected to terminal S13A, terminal S13B or terminal S13C on the other side, and terminal S1 on the other end of the capacitor C12
  • a switch S14 that can selectively switch connection to 4A, terminal S14B or terminal S14C is provided.
  • switches S11 to S14 are configured to be switched in an interlocked manner, and are connected to the terminals S11A to S14A, respectively (first connection mode M1). And a state in which each is connected to terminals S11B to S14B (second connection mode M2), and a state in which each is connected to terminals S11C to S14C (third connection mode).
  • the connection mode M3) can be switched simultaneously and synchronously.
  • the respective capacitors C 11 and C 12 are connected in parallel with the corresponding storage batteries 11 1 and 12, and in the second connection mode KM 2, capacitor C 1 1, C 1 2 Chikaraku, corresponding storage battery 1 1, 1 2 battery 1 2 adjacent to, 1 1 c also becomes a state of being connected in parallel, respectively, in the third connection mode M 3,
  • Each of the capacitors C 11 and C 12 is powerfully connected to the storage batteries 11 and 12 in parallel via the resistors R ll and R 12, respectively.
  • Control means 17 is provided for controlling switching of the first connection mode KM1, the second connection mode KM2, and the third connection mode KM3 by the connection switching means S11 to S14. According to the control signal from the control means 17, the mode switching is repeatedly performed in the required switching state, and the potential difference between the storage batteries 11 and 12 is made equal.
  • connection switching means is constituted by mechanical switches S11 to S14.
  • a semiconductor such as a transistor is used. It is conceivable to use semiconductor switching means (semiconductor switch) using elements.
  • resistors R11 and R12 and the terminals S11 to S14C are provided as in the present embodiment is as follows.
  • the capacitors C 11 and C 12 have the function of storing electric charges in the same manner as the storage batteries 11 and 12, but normally, unlike a battery, a capacitor is relatively self-discharging. Notable. Therefore, when the electric storage device as described above is mounted on an electric vehicle and the vehicle is left unattended for a long time, the electric storage devices C11 and C12 may have no charge. In this case, even if the key switch of the vehicle is turned off (that is, the identification switch is turned off), if the switches S11 to S14 are held in the first connection mode KM1 or the second connection mode KM2.
  • the capacitors C 1 1 and C 1 2 are connected to terminal S 1 1 A to S 14 A or the terminals S 11 C to S 14 C are connected to the storage batteries 11 and 12, so that the capacitors C 11 and C 12 are completely discharged. It is unlikely that you will be charged.
  • each of the switches S 11 to S 14 may be connected to any terminal depending on the characteristics of the semiconductor switch. It is in a state where it does not come into contact with it, and it promotes self-discharge.
  • the circuit is started (when the ignition is turned on) or the terminal is charged for charging. If a charger is connected between A and B), the resistors R11 and R12 will not be provided, and the capacitors C11 and C12 will suddenly have a large current (such a large current Inrush current), which may damage the capacitors C11 and C12.
  • the storage batteries C 11 and C 12 are connected to the storage battery 1 via the resistors R 11 and R 12 in comparison with the above-described first embodiment.
  • a third connection mode KM 3 is provided to connect with 1, 1 and 2.
  • the capacitors C 11 and C 12 are connected via the resistors R 11 and R 12 in this manner. Connected to the storage batteries 11 and 12 and the charger to prevent the surge current from flowing through the storage capacitors C 11 and C 12 even when the storage capacitors C 11 and C 12 are in the discharging state. It is possible to charge the capacitors C 11 and C 12 while avoiding them.
  • the switches S11 to S14 are switched to the first connection mode M1 and the second connection mode M2. The switching is controlled alternately.
  • a battery pack a battery formed by connecting a plurality of storage batteries
  • an assembled battery in which about 20 to 30 batteries are connected in series is generally used, but the present power storage device is naturally applied to an assembled battery including such a large number of batteries. sell.
  • each switch S 11 to S 14 is connected to a terminal S 1 1 (: Connected to S 14 C, connected to storage batteries 1 1, 1 2 via capacitors C 11, C 12 force ⁇ resistors R ll, R 12 respectively And
  • the batteries C 1 and C 12 store large amounts of power from the batteries 11 and 12 and the charger at power-on and charging. No current (rush current) flows, and the capacitors C 11 C 12 can be sufficiently protected.
  • the storage batteries 12 and 11 adjacent to 1 and 12 and the second connection mode KM 2 connected in parallel with each other are selectively switched.
  • the switching between the first connection mode M 1 and the second connection mode KM 2 by the switches S 11 to S 14 as such connection switching means is controlled by the control means 17.
  • the repetition at a required period by the signal causes the potential difference between the storage batteries 11 and 12 to be gradually equalized. Note that the control operation for equalizing the potential difference between the storage batteries 11 and 12 is the same as that in the above-described first embodiment, and will not be described here.
  • this device also includes a plurality of storage batteries (batteries) 11 and 1 and 2 are connected in series, thereby forming an assembled battery.
  • the circuit configuration is the same as that of the second embodiment (see FIG. 6) except that the terminals S11 (: to S14C and the resistors Rll and R12) are omitted. For this reason, the detailed description of the circuit configuration is omitted, and FIGS. 7 and 8 show examples in which two batteries are connected. The number is not limited to this.
  • connection mode corresponding to the third connection mode KM 3 in the second embodiment is And the first connection mode KM 1 connected in parallel with each of the storage batteries 11 1 and 12 corresponding to each of the capacitors C 11 and C 12, and the storage battery corresponding to each of the capacitors C ll and C 12
  • a storage battery 12, 11 adjacent to 11, 12 is provided with a second connection mode KM 2 connected in parallel with each of the storage batteries 12, 11.
  • connection state of the switches S11 to S14 was connected to the terminals S11A, S12A, S13A, S14A, respectively.
  • the state (first connection mode Ml) and the state (second connection mode M2) connected to terminals SI1B, S12B, S13B, and S14B, respectively. It is configured so that the potential difference between the storage batteries 11 and 12 is made equal while repeating the switching between.
  • Fig. 9 is a graph showing the charge and discharge characteristics of a general capacitor (capacitor).
  • the capacitor has a charge at the start of charging or discharging due to its characteristics.
  • Change (charge / discharge rate) is relatively large, and the rate of change of charge becomes gradual over time. Therefore, when the change of charge (charge / discharge rate) is large, the switches S11 to S14 are switched. The more the switching is performed, the shorter the balancing time can be. That is, the shorter the switching period of the switches S11 to S14, the more efficiently the storage batteries 11 and 12 can be balanced.
  • switching cycle switching frequency
  • FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are the results of simulating the relationship between the voltage balancing time of the storage batteries 11 and 12 and the switching frequency of the switches S11 to S14.
  • Fig. 10 shows the voltage balancing time when the resistance of the capacitor (capacitor) is fixed and the capacitance of the capacitor is changed.
  • Fig. 11 is the capacitor (capacitor).
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a voltage balancing time when the capacitance of the capacitor is fixed and the resistance of the condenser is changed.
  • the switching frequency of the switches S 11 to S 14 by the control means 17 is determined by the time constant obtained by the product of the resistance value R of the capacitors C 11 and C 12 and the electric capacity C. It is set to 1 Z 3. Note that the switching frequency is not limited to 1/3 of the time constant of the capacitors C11 and C12, but may be, for example, approximately 1/3 or less of the time constant of the capacitors C11 and C12. It only has to be set. However, if the switching frequency is too high, the energy loss due to the switches S11 to S14 increases as described above, so that the time constant is preferably about 1/3.
  • connection switching means is constituted by mechanical switches S11 to S14.
  • a semiconductor such as a transistor is used. It is conceivable to use semiconductor switching means (semiconductor switch) using elements. In this case, the energy loss due to the switching operation can be smaller than that of a mechanical switch.
  • an assembled battery in which about 20 to 30 batteries are connected in series is generally used, but the present power storage device is naturally applied to an assembled battery including such a large number of batteries.
  • the power storage device according to the third embodiment of the present invention is configured as described above, and thus performs the following operation. First, when the power is turned on, that is, when the ignition key is turned on, or when a voltage for charging is applied between the terminals B of the storage batteries 11 and 12, the switches Sll to S14 are controlled by the control means 17. Switching is performed in conjunction with the signal, and the connection status to terminals S11A to S14A and the connection status to terminals S11B to S14B are alternately and simultaneously switched.
  • the first connection mode KM 1 connected in parallel with each of the storage batteries 11 1 and 12 corresponding to each of the capacitors C 11 and C 12, and the storage battery 1 corresponding to each of the capacitors C 11 and C 1 2
  • the storage batteries 12 and 11 connected to 1 and 12 and the second connection mode M 2 connected in parallel with each other are selectively switched.
  • the switching between the first connection mode M 1 and the second connection mode KM 2 by the switches S 11 to S 14 as such connection switching means is performed by the control means 17.
  • the potential difference between the storage batteries 11 and 12 is gradually equalized by being repeatedly performed in a required cycle by the control signal.
  • the switching frequency of the switches S11 to S1 at this time is set based on the time constant obtained by the product of the resistance value R of the capacitors C11 and C12 and the capacitance C.
  • the switching frequency is set to approximately one third of the time constant obtained by multiplying the resistance value R of the capacitors C 11 and C 12 by the electric capacitance, and thus the switching operation is performed. Therefore, there is an advantage that the voltage balancing time can be extremely effectively reduced while preventing energy loss due to the above.
  • the power storage device of the present invention by transferring the charge of the high-voltage storage battery (power storage means) to the low-voltage storage battery, it is possible to eliminate the voltage variation among the plurality of storage batteries and equalize the voltage of the storage batteries. Can, among multiple batteries Since the voltage level of storage batteries with relatively low voltage can be increased, it is easy to secure the output of the batteries even in the case of a battery pack in which many batteries are connected in series, and each battery can be used equally. It is possible to maximize the capacity of each storage battery. Therefore, if this device is applied to, for example, an assembled battery used as a power supply for an electric vehicle, the practicality of the electric vehicle can be greatly improved, and it is extremely useful.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil de stockage d'électricité dans lequel des organes de stockage (1-5) d'électricité sont montés en série, des condensateurs (C1-C5) qui sont montés en série les unes avec les autres dans un état selon les condensateurs (C1-C5) peuvent respectivement être montés en parallèle avec les organes (1-5). Cet appareil de stockage comporte d'une part des organes de commutation (S0-S6) qui peuvent commuter le mode de connexion des organes (1-5) entre un premier mode de connexion selon lequel les organes (1-5) sont respectivement montés en parallèle avec les condensateurs (C1-C5) et un second mode de connexion selon lequel les organes de stockage d'électricité (2, 3, 4, 5 et 1) qui sont adjacents aux organes (1, 2, 3, 4 et 5) respectivement connectés aux condensateurs (C1-C5) selon le premier mode de connexion, sont respectivement connectés en parallèle aux condensateurs (C1-C5). Cet appareil de stockage comporte d'autre part un organe de commande (7) qui commande les organes de commutation (S0-S6) de façon que l'organe (S0-S6) puisse alternativement commuter le mode de connexion entre le premier et le second mode en respectant un cycle prescrit. En l'occurrence, les organes de commutation (S0-S6) et l'organe de commande (7) sont mis en oeuvre de façon à compenser entre elles les tensions au niveau des organes (1-5) lors des transferts de charges entre les organes (1-5).Le cycle de commutation des modes de connexion est fixé à environ 1/3 ou moins que la constante de temps obtenue par le produits des valeurs de résistance et de capacitance des condensateurs (C1-C5).
PCT/JP1997/003506 1996-10-03 1997-10-01 Dispositif de stockage d'electricite Ceased WO1998015047A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8/263267 1996-10-03
JP26326796 1996-10-03
JP08128897A JP3498529B2 (ja) 1996-10-03 1997-03-31 蓄電装置
JP9/81288 1997-03-31
JP08128797A JP3557840B2 (ja) 1997-03-31 1997-03-31 蓄電装置
JP9/81287 1997-03-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998015047A1 true WO1998015047A1 (fr) 1998-04-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP1997/003506 Ceased WO1998015047A1 (fr) 1996-10-03 1997-10-01 Dispositif de stockage d'electricite

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1998015047A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7288919B2 (en) * 2001-10-01 2007-10-30 Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. Voltage balance circuit, voltage detective circuit, voltage balancing method, and voltage detecting method
WO2009041180A1 (fr) * 2007-09-26 2009-04-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dispositif de protection pour batterie assemblée et système de batterie assemblée le contenant
US7592683B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2009-09-22 Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. Semiconductor device with improved electrostatic tolerance
US9647467B2 (en) 2009-10-19 2017-05-09 4Esys Nv System and method for balancing energy storage devices
US11251628B2 (en) * 2017-01-23 2022-02-15 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. System for balancing a series of cells

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06319287A (ja) * 1993-04-30 1994-11-15 Aqueous Res:Kk モータ駆動用電源装置

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06319287A (ja) * 1993-04-30 1994-11-15 Aqueous Res:Kk モータ駆動用電源装置

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7288919B2 (en) * 2001-10-01 2007-10-30 Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. Voltage balance circuit, voltage detective circuit, voltage balancing method, and voltage detecting method
US7592683B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2009-09-22 Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. Semiconductor device with improved electrostatic tolerance
WO2009041180A1 (fr) * 2007-09-26 2009-04-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dispositif de protection pour batterie assemblée et système de batterie assemblée le contenant
US9647467B2 (en) 2009-10-19 2017-05-09 4Esys Nv System and method for balancing energy storage devices
US11251628B2 (en) * 2017-01-23 2022-02-15 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. System for balancing a series of cells

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