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WO1998004231A1 - Nouvelle serre et nouveau procede de culture - Google Patents

Nouvelle serre et nouveau procede de culture Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998004231A1
WO1998004231A1 PCT/FI1997/000461 FI9700461W WO9804231A1 WO 1998004231 A1 WO1998004231 A1 WO 1998004231A1 FI 9700461 W FI9700461 W FI 9700461W WO 9804231 A1 WO9804231 A1 WO 9804231A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
water
space
substrate
greenhouse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1997/000461
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Esko Huhta-Koivisto
Ilkka Toivio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ENSO FOREST DEVELOPMENT Ltd Oy
Yara Suomi Oy
Original Assignee
ENSO FOREST DEVELOPMENT Ltd Oy
Kemira Agro Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ENSO FOREST DEVELOPMENT Ltd Oy, Kemira Agro Oy filed Critical ENSO FOREST DEVELOPMENT Ltd Oy
Priority to IL12830797A priority Critical patent/IL128307A0/xx
Priority to AU36967/97A priority patent/AU3696797A/en
Publication of WO1998004231A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998004231A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plant cultivation method and a closed greenhouse or similar cultivation space intended for it, wherein the moisture evaporated from the substrate and the pl.ants is recycled for reuse by the plants.
  • EP-121 668 there is known a greenhouse heat accumulation system wherein watering is carried out in a conventional manner and any excess water is removed from the greenhouse by means of separate water urns.
  • the system requires a separate space for the recovery of heat. Only a portion of the air is circulated through the substrate to warm the substrate, and the availability of water to plants is not based on moisture carried in the air.
  • the greenhouse or other similar cultivation space is both water-tightly and air-tightly closed.
  • the water evaporated from the substrate and the plants is recycled along with greenhouse air into the substrate.
  • the moist air is forced by means of a pressure difference to travel as evenly as possible through the entire substrate.
  • the substrate is cooler than the air passing through it, and a portion of the water vapor contained in the air condenses as water in the substrate.
  • the closed-system irrigation according to the invention is based on this.
  • Organic material such as peat
  • the org.anic material decomposes in the moist and warm conditions during cultivation, whereby the carbon present therein forms in the presence of oxygen carbon dioxide necessary for plant photosynthesis. Respectively, photosynthesis by plants releases oxygen. Control of these processes makes possible a completely closed system also in this respect.
  • a greenhouse according to the invention is simple and easy to construct, since it does not require ventilation openings .and a ventilation system, and it can be implemented using locally available materials.
  • a greenhouse construction according to the invention requires neither irrigation or heating pipe systems nor an automatic control system.
  • the greenhouse of Figure 1 comprises a cover 12 made of plastic, glass or other water-tight and air-tight transparent material and a foundation 1, which is likewise water-tightly and air-tightly isolated from its surroundings.
  • the foundation structures of the greenhouse are embedded in the ground 10, but they can also be located on ground surface.
  • the foundation of the greenhouse according to Figure 1 is made up of a water-tight and air-tight plastic cover 1, on top of which there are, as layers of material belonging to the foundation structure, a layer of crushed stone 2, a layer of sand 3, and an organic layer 4 serving as the substrate, for example, horticultural peat.
  • the substrate may be a cultivation pot tray 16.
  • the number, structure and material of the layers of the foundation may in the invention vary according to the need for control of the temperature, irrigation of the substrate or the air moisture in accordance with the requirements set by the plants or the ambient weather.
  • the layer of crushed stone 2 is divided horizontally into two by means of a plastic film 5, so that the air blown into the layer of crushed stone will circulate as long a distance as possible in the crushed stone before the air can rise through the layer of sand 3 and the substrate 4.
  • the function of the layer of crushed stone 2 is to distribute the air evenly, to accumulate heat during the day, and to release heat during the night.
  • the p.article size of the crushed stone may vary within a range of 10-80 mm, preferably 30-60 mm, depending on the cultivation area and the blowing of recycled air.
  • the thickness of the layer of crushed stone may be selected according to the heat accumulation need, within a range of 10- 60 cm, preferably 20-40 cm.
  • the sand is most preferably screened, free of fines, having a particle size of 2-4 mm.
  • the purpose of the layer of sand 3, the thickness of which is preferably within a range of 10-20 cm, is to form .an air flow resistance and thereby divide evenly over the entire cultivation area the water vapor and air traveling through the sand, and at the same time to p,articipate in the control of heat.
  • the substrate 4 contains, mixed with peat or other such organic sub- strate, a superabsorbent 9, such as sodium polyacrylate, which accumulates water effectively.
  • a superabsorbent can bind water in an amount up to 200 times its own weight.
  • plants 17 are cultivated in a continuous substrate 4, made up of some substrate containing organic matter, preferably horticultural peat, and in a pot tray 16 which contains substrate.
  • the thickness of the substrate 4 preferably ranges from 10 to 40 cm, depending on the pl,ant being cultivated, the length of the cultivation period, and the number of other layers of the foundation.
  • long-acting controllably released fertilizers can be added to the substrate 4.
  • Commonly known fertilizers can be added during cultivation.
  • the closed cultivation space has the advantage that unused nutrients will not pass into the environment.
  • the essential idea in a greenhouse according to the invention is the watering of the plants 17 with water evaporated as moisture in the greenhouse, which moisture is recycled with air to the substrate 4.
  • the greenhouse is equipped with .an air-circulating apparatus comprising, located on the sides of the greenhouse space, vertical air conduits which .are equipped with air inlets 15 and blowers 8, .and which lead to horizontal air distribution conduits 7 on the sides of the foundation structure.
  • the air distribution conduits transmit the blown circulation air into the layer of crushed stone 2 below the plastic film 5.
  • the greenhouse is equipped with a transparent, water-tight and air-tight cover 12, which forms vertical side walls .and an arching roof for the air space of the greenhouse.
  • the material used for the cover 12 may consist of conventional cover materials, for example plastic or glass.
  • stratification of heat occurs, so that typically the temperature prevailing in the lower portion 1 1 of the space is different from that in the upper portion 13 of the space.
  • a shading net 14 has been installed above the greenhouse, preferably at a distance of 30-50 cm from the cover 12, to regulate the input of solar energy.
  • the cultivation method according to the invention requires a rninimal amount of water, in cultivation of several months typically only 5-10 % of that required in a conventional greenhouse into which water is added daily and which is cooled by ventilation.
  • irrigation is implemented as a one-time watering, typically by adding water at the beginning of the cultivation in an amount of 20-100 1/m . Thereafter the cultivation can be managed without substantial adding of irrigation water throughout the growing period, which may range, for example, from approximately two weeks to a month, or even longer, so that the need for daily or even weekly watering, characteristic of prior-known methods, is absent in the method according to the invention.
  • the normal carbon dioxide concentration in ambient air is 350 ppm.
  • the carbon dioxide required by the plants is formed preferably as a result of the decomposition or organic matter, and since the greenhouse is not cooled by ventilation, all of the carbon dioxide formed or added will remain available to the plants.
  • the bound energy raises the temperature of the substrate, the plants and the air.
  • the relative humidity in the air is decreased, and water present in the plants evaporates into the air.
  • warmer and relatively drier air accumulates in the upper portion 13 of the air space in the greenhouse, .and respectively cooler and relatively more humid air descends into the lower portion or the air space, i.e. the cultivation space 11.
  • the temperature difference between these layers is 5-10 °C.
  • air intake 15 to the blower 8 is from the lower portion 11 of the air space, in which case in a hot climate during the hottest period of the day it is possible advantageously to circulate air between the lower portion of the air space and the foundation layers.
  • T e intake of air for circulating can in cooler climatic conditions be arranged from the upper portion of the greenhouse, in which case the purpose is to store thermal energy for the night.
  • the circulation of air is carried out by blowing it into the foundation layers of the greenhouse, .and having passed through them the air returns to the air space.
  • a portion of the moisture present in the air condenses in the foundation layers, whereby they are moistened.
  • the bottom layers yield a portion of the heat and moisture they have accumulated during the day back into the circulating air.
  • the foundation structure can be implemented either by using only one layer or, if a capacity for effective leveling of the temperature difference is required, several layers suitable for accumulating heat can be incorporated into the structure.
  • water is transported to the substrate by condensation and not in a capillary manner.
  • Water of a poor quality, even saline water, can be used as raw water for the irrigation.
  • Such water is added to the lowest foundation layer, in which case the water required by the plants is transported in the form of water vapor by the circulating air to the substrate.
  • Results are available from three successive cultivation periods, during which a number of crop plants were cultivated, such as cucumber, tomato, cauliflower, broccoli, and strawberry.
  • the greenhouse temperatures, the air humidity and the carbon dioxide concentration in the air were measured daily. During the hottest time of the day the temperature inside the greenhouse was approximately 6 °C higher th.an the outdoor air in shade.
  • the use of organic matter as the substrate ensured a sufficient carbon dioxide concentration for the air.
  • the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse air varied according to the time of the day, being lowest in the afternoon and highest from evening to morning, remaining at a level up to more than 1000 ppm.
  • the results obtained show the functioning and advantageousness of the cultivation method according to the invention as compared with conventional methods. For example, a cucumber yield of approximately 70 kg/m 2 was obtained when the amount of water used was less than one-tenth of the amount of water normally needed for producing a yield of the same magnitude.
  • the biomass production of lettuce was investigated in a closed system according to the invention, wherein the substrate used was horticultural peat to which water had been added at 54 1/m 2 , sodium polyacrylate (Hoechst 903) at 180 g/m 2 , and a slow releace NPK fertilizer (10-3-5) at 135 g/m 2 .
  • the substrate used was horticultural peat to which water had been added at 54 1/m 2 , sodium polyacrylate (Hoechst 903) at 180 g/m 2 , and a slow releace NPK fertilizer (10-3-5) at 135 g/m 2 .
  • no superabsorbent was added to the horticultural peat, and it was watered when needed during the experiment.
  • the seed of the lettuce (Grand Rapids Salli SP) was planted on March 25, 1997, and the produced biomass was weighed on April 10 and April 18 (Table 1).
  • the lettuce plants in the greenhouse according to the invention developed more rapidly th.an did the controls.
  • the greenhouse increased biomass production by the lettuce, in particular at the beginning of the growing period. Sixteen days after the sowing, the fresh weight of the above-ground parts of the plants in the greenhouse was 4.8 times greater than in the control greenhouse. Twenty-four days after the planting the respective value was 2.5-fold.
  • cultivation according to the invention increased the crop also for radish, especially at the initial stage of the growing period.
  • the fresh weight of the roots of radishes grown in the greenhouse according to the invention was 2.1 -fold and the fresh weight of the above-ground parts 1.58-fold as compared with the controls.
  • 27 days after the planting of the seed the fresh weight of the root was 1.23-fold as compared with the controls.
  • the weight of the above-ground parts of the radish was double in the greenhouse according to the invention. Table 2. Biomass of lettuce
  • Table 3 shows the cultivation conditions in an experimental greenhouse according to the invention and in a conventional ventilated greenhouse.
  • Tables 4a and 4b show the lettuce and radish biomass and leaf surface area measured in the experiment according to Example 3 after one month of cultivation.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de culture de plantes et une serre ou un autre espace de culture s'y rapportant. Selon l'invention, des plantes sont cultivées dans un espace fermé de manière hermétique et étanche à l'eau, dans lequel l'arrosage des plantes s'effectue par recyclage de l'humidité évaporée dans l'air (11, 13) à partir des plantes (17) et du substrat, renvoyée dans ledit substrat en même temps que de l'air. Dans ce cas, l'arrosage s'effectue sans apport supplémentaire d'eau de l'extérieur pendant la période de culture. De plus, au moins une partie du gaz carbonique nécessaire est obtenu à partir de la décomposition de matières organiques placées dans l'espace de culture, de l'eau de qualité médiocre, telle que de l'eau de mer saumâtre, pouvant être utilisée comme eau d'irrigation ajoutée au début de la culture.
PCT/FI1997/000461 1996-07-31 1997-07-30 Nouvelle serre et nouveau procede de culture Ceased WO1998004231A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL12830797A IL128307A0 (en) 1996-07-31 1997-07-30 Greenhouse for plant cultivation and cultivation method
AU36967/97A AU3696797A (en) 1996-07-31 1997-07-30 New greenhouse and cultivation method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI963021A FI103009B1 (fi) 1996-07-31 1996-07-31 Kasvien viljelymenetelmä
FI963021 1996-07-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998004231A1 true WO1998004231A1 (fr) 1998-02-05

Family

ID=8546439

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1997/000461 Ceased WO1998004231A1 (fr) 1996-07-31 1997-07-30 Nouvelle serre et nouveau procede de culture

Country Status (5)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3696797A (fr)
FI (1) FI103009B1 (fr)
IL (1) IL128307A0 (fr)
TR (1) TR199900214T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998004231A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2245024C2 (ru) * 2001-09-18 2005-01-27 Кирицев Петр Николаевич Теплица для выращивания растений с пониженным содержанием изотопа углерода 14
WO2007079774A1 (fr) 2006-01-12 2007-07-19 Nowell Comm.V Serre fermée avec régulation d'humidité
JP2012125211A (ja) * 2010-12-16 2012-07-05 Zenkoku Nogyo Kyodo Kumiai Rengokai 園芸温室栽培用の水タンク及びそれを用いた植物の育成方法
WO2014068476A1 (fr) 2012-11-02 2014-05-08 Borneo Exotics (Pvt) Ltd Système de logement pour plantes
CN109964700A (zh) * 2019-04-25 2019-07-05 宁夏新起点现代农业装备科技有限公司 一种现代化复合型作物培育日光温室

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1632908B1 (de) * 1967-07-21 1971-06-24 Gysi Ag Geb Einrichtung zur klimatisierung eines geschlossenen gewaechs hauses
EP0121668A2 (fr) * 1981-03-13 1984-10-17 Kubota Ltd. Serres pour stocker la chaleur solaire
EP0517432A1 (fr) * 1991-05-28 1992-12-09 Geophysical Engineering Company Procédé et dispositif pour conditionner l'air dans une enceinte

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1632908B1 (de) * 1967-07-21 1971-06-24 Gysi Ag Geb Einrichtung zur klimatisierung eines geschlossenen gewaechs hauses
EP0121668A2 (fr) * 1981-03-13 1984-10-17 Kubota Ltd. Serres pour stocker la chaleur solaire
EP0517432A1 (fr) * 1991-05-28 1992-12-09 Geophysical Engineering Company Procédé et dispositif pour conditionner l'air dans une enceinte

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2245024C2 (ru) * 2001-09-18 2005-01-27 Кирицев Петр Николаевич Теплица для выращивания растений с пониженным содержанием изотопа углерода 14
WO2007079774A1 (fr) 2006-01-12 2007-07-19 Nowell Comm.V Serre fermée avec régulation d'humidité
JP2012125211A (ja) * 2010-12-16 2012-07-05 Zenkoku Nogyo Kyodo Kumiai Rengokai 園芸温室栽培用の水タンク及びそれを用いた植物の育成方法
WO2014068476A1 (fr) 2012-11-02 2014-05-08 Borneo Exotics (Pvt) Ltd Système de logement pour plantes
CN109964700A (zh) * 2019-04-25 2019-07-05 宁夏新起点现代农业装备科技有限公司 一种现代化复合型作物培育日光温室
CN109964700B (zh) * 2019-04-25 2024-01-23 宁夏新起点现代农业装备科技有限公司 一种现代化复合型作物培育日光温室

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI103009B (fi) 1999-04-15
FI963021L (fi) 1998-02-01
FI963021A0 (fi) 1996-07-31
IL128307A0 (en) 1999-11-30
AU3696797A (en) 1998-02-20
TR199900214T2 (xx) 1999-04-21
FI103009B1 (fi) 1999-04-15

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