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WO1998003798A9 - Systeme de fixation a tolerance d'alignement - Google Patents

Systeme de fixation a tolerance d'alignement

Info

Publication number
WO1998003798A9
WO1998003798A9 PCT/US1997/012091 US9712091W WO9803798A9 WO 1998003798 A9 WO1998003798 A9 WO 1998003798A9 US 9712091 W US9712091 W US 9712091W WO 9803798 A9 WO9803798 A9 WO 9803798A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
proximal
wall
distal
fastening
washer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1997/012091
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1998003798A1 (fr
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/687,138 external-priority patent/US5746561A/en
Priority claimed from US08/687,136 external-priority patent/US5888012A/en
Priority claimed from US08/687,140 external-priority patent/US5746558A/en
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to AU37978/97A priority Critical patent/AU3797897A/en
Publication of WO1998003798A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998003798A1/fr
Publication of WO1998003798A9 publication Critical patent/WO1998003798A9/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to fasteners, and, in particular, to nut and bolt-type fastening systems for interconnecting one object to another object.
  • a nut and bolt fastening system is typically utilized. More specifically, in order to fasten a first member to a second member, a threaded shank portion of a bolt is typically inserted through bores in the first and second members and threadedly engaged with a nut. In this regard, the bores in the first and second members should be aligned in order to properly receive the shank of the bolt. In this regard, longitudinally extending axes through the center of each of the bores should be radially aligned, that is, coincident.
  • first and second members For purposes of facilitating fastening of first and second members, various techniques and fastening systems have been developed in order to ensure bores in such first and second members are radially aligned.
  • One such method for ensuring that the bores of first and second members are radially aligned involves match drilling. More specifically, in order to provide radially aligned bores in first and second members, the match drilling method involves clamping together the first and second members and drilling through both members to form radially aligned bores therethrough. Match drilling is impractical in some instances however. For example, where the first member is a panel attached to a support structure (e.g., satellite) and the first member must be replaced, match drilling the replacement member and the support structure is difficult and unreliable as the location of the bore in the support structure is not readily apparent.
  • a support structure e.g., satellite
  • Another technique for providing radially aligned bores in first and second members to be fastened together via a nut and bolt system involves providing a tooling plate which is separately clampable to the first and second members. More specifically, the tooling plate may be machined with a bore therethrough to form a drill guide for drilling bores in the first and second members. In this regard, the tooling plate may be clamped to the first member and a bore may be drilled therethrough via the drill guide of the tooling plate. Similarly, the tooling plate may be clamped to the second member and a bore may be drilled therethrough via the drill guide of the tooling plate.
  • This technique for providing radially aligned bores in the first and second members is time consuming and expensive however, due to the material and labor costs associated with fabricating tooling plates, which are typically unique to the specific first and second members, and drilling holes in the first and second members.
  • an apparatus for securing or interconnecting one member to another member is provided.
  • the apparatus is directed to a fastening system for interconnecting first and second members having first and second bores therethrough, respectively.
  • the fastening system may include a fastening member (e.g., bolt) having a shank portion receivable within the first and second bores of the first and second members, respectively, and a nut member engagable with a distal portion of the fastener shank portion about the second member.
  • a fastening member e.g., bolt
  • a nut member engagable with a distal portion of the fastener shank portion about the second member.
  • first and second longitudinally extending centrally located axes of the first and second bores may be substantially coincident, which facilitates the insertion of the shank portion of the fastener into the first and second bores of the first and second members, respectively.
  • first and second axes of the first and second bores may not be substantially coincident.
  • the first and second axes of the first and second bores may be misaligned, that is, radially displaced relative to one another.
  • the fastening system may further include first and second washers.
  • each of the first and second washers have concentric inner and outer walls and are insertable within the first bore of the first member.
  • the inner wall of the first washer is slidably engagable with the shank portion of the fastening member and the outer wall of the second washer is slidably engagable with the bore wall of the first member, the bore wall defining the first bore.
  • At least a portion of the outer wall of the first washer is slidably engagable with a portion of the first bore wall of which defines the first bore of the first member.
  • at least a portion of the inner wall of the second washer may be slidably engagable with a portion of the fastener shank portion.
  • the inner and outer diameters of the second washer as defined by the inner and outer walls of the second washer, are greater than the inner and outer diameters of the first washer, respectively, as defined by the inner and outer walls of the first washer.
  • the need for providing perfectly aligned bores in first and second members via match drilling and tool plates is obviated, as the fastening system of the present invention can tolerate radially misalignments between the first and second bores of the first and second members, respectively.
  • the fastening system is also directed to substantially inhibiting relative movement between the first and second washers.
  • at least one of the first and second washers may include at least one serration or protrusion which is engagable with the other of the first and second washers.
  • a distal surface of the first (e.g., proximal) washer includes a plurality of serrations or teeth for engaging and penetrating into a proximal surface of the second (e.g., distal) washer.
  • a proximal surface of the second (e.g., distal) washer includes a plurality of serrations for engaging and penetrating into a distal surface of the first (e.g., proximal) washer.
  • the fastening system for accommodating a misalignment between the first and second bores of the first and second member, respectively may be used in combination with a nut member capable of substantially inhibiting slippage of the first member relative to the second member and/or a locking apparatus for limiting displacement of the fastener relative to the first and/or second member.
  • a proximal, nose portion of the nut member may abuttingly engage a proximal segment of the shank portion of the fastener to substantially inhibit tilting of the fastener relative to at least the first member, which, in turn, inhibits slippage of the first member relative to the second member.
  • such nut members are particularly useful as misalignments of any instruments mounted to the first member relative to surrounding equipment may be limited.
  • the fastening system for accommodating misalignments between the first and second bores of the first and second members may be used in combination with a locking apparatus, which limits rotational displacement of the fastener relative to the first and/or second members.
  • the locking apparatus is capable of substantially inhibiting or limiting displacement of the fastener relative to the first member as the locking apparatus interconnects the fastener and the first member.
  • the locking apparatus may include a locking member which is insertable within the first bore of the first member, the locking member having an elastically deformable upper portion (e.g., snap ring) and a leg extending distally from and normal to the elastically deformable upper portion.
  • the elastically deformable upper portion is selectively receivable within an annular groove or channel located in a proximal portion of the first bore of the first member, and a distal portion of the leg is engagable to a proximal portion (e.g., head) of the fastener in a male-female fashion.
  • the locking member may also include a tab which extends radially outwardly relative to a center portion of the elastically deformable upper portion. Such a tab may be selectively engagable with at least one slot associated with the annular groove.
  • the annular groove and slot associated therewith may be located in a tubular insert (e.g., spool) which is positionable within the first bore of the first member.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a fastening system embodying features of the present invention.
  • Figs.2A-2B are perspective views of the first and second washers of the fastening system illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • Figs. 3A-3B are cross-sectional views of the first and second washers illustrated in Figs. 2A-2B, respectively.
  • Fig. 4A is a section view of the fastening system illustrated in Fig. 1 , showing the fastening system for accommodating misalignments prior to engagement of the fastener and the nut member via the radially misaligned first and second bores of the first and second members.
  • Fig. 4B is a section view of the fastening system illustrated in Fig. 1, showing the fastener engaging the nut member of the fastening system for accommodating misalignments.
  • Fig. 4C is a section view of the fastening system illustrated in Fig. 1, showing the fastening system accommodating radial misalignments between the first and second bores of the first and second members while interconnecting the first and second members.
  • Fig. 5 is a section view of the fastening system illustrated in Fig. 1 interconnecting first and second members where the first and second bores of the first and second members are radially aligned relative to each other.
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded view of another fastening system embodying features of the present invention, the fastening system being capable of substantially inhibiting slippage between the first and second members due to shear loading.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the nut member illustrated in Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 8 is an alternative embodiment of the nut member illustrated in Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 9 is a section view of the fastening system illustrated in Fig. 6 showing the fastening system interconnecting first and second members.
  • Fig. 10 is a section view of the fastening system illustrated in Fig. 6 used in combination with the fastening system illustrated in Figs. 1-5 for accommodating misalignments between the first and second bores of the first and second members.
  • Fig. 11 is an exploded view of a locking system embodying the features of the present invention, the locking system being capable of substantially inhibiting displacement of the fastener relative to the first and/or second members.
  • Fig. 12 is a top plan view of the spool insert illustrated in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the spool insert illustrated in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 14 is a bottom plan view of the locking member illustrated in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the locking member illustrated in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 16 is a section view of the locking device illustrated in Fig. 11 positioned to secure the fastener relative to the first and second members.
  • Fig. 17 is a bottom plan view of another embodiment of the locking member of the locking device illustrated in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 18 is a perspective plan view of the embodiment of the locking member illustrated in Fig. 17.
  • Fig. 19 is a section view of the locking device illustrated in Figs. 17-18 positioned to secure the fastener relative to the first and second members.
  • Fig. 20 is an exploded view of a fastening system embodying features of the present invention.
  • Figs. 1-20 illustrate a fastening system embodying the features of the present invention.
  • distal refers to the direction toward the support structure (e.g., second member) to which a first member will be interconnected via the fastening apparatus.
  • proximal refers to the direction away from the second member, toward the first member.
  • the fastening apparatus 10 of the present invention generally comprises a fastener 22 (e.g., bolt) and a nut member 42 engagable thereto.
  • the fastener 22 may be configured such that at least a portion of the fastener, specifically, a distal end 28 of a shank portion 26, is insertable into and/or receivable within the first and second bores 16, 20 of the first and second members 14, 18, respectively.
  • the nut member 42 may engage at least the distal end 28 of the fastener
  • a substantial segment of the shank portion 26 of the fastener 22 includes male thread segments 30 which are engagable with spiral female thread segments 46 formed in the inner wall 48 of the nut member 42.
  • the first and second members 14, 18 may be positioned relative to one another such that the first and second bores 16, 20 of the first and second members 14, 18 overlap each other.
  • the first and second bores 16, 20 of the first and second members 14, 18 completely overlap each other.
  • the first and second bores 16, 20 may be positioned relative to one another such that first and second longitudinally extending central axes 17, 21 of the first and second bores 16, 20, respectively, are substantially coincident (e.g., ⁇ 0.002 inches).
  • at least the distal end 28 of the fastener 22 may be inserted into the first and second bores 16, 20 of the first and second members 14, 18 and engaged with the nut member 42 to secure the first and second members 14, 18 together.
  • first and second central axes 17, 21 of the first and second bores 16, 20, respectively are misaligned or radially displaced relative to each other (i.e., not substantially coincident).
  • Such misalignments between the first and second bores 16, 20 can occur in instances where the first and second bores 16, 20 are not match-drilled (e.g., where the first member 14 is a replacement panel to be interchanged with an existing member and fastened to a second member 18 (e.g., a support structure)).
  • the fastening apparatus 10 may also include first and second washers 60, 70.
  • first and second washers 60, 70 accommodate misalignments between the first and second bores 16, 20 which may result in instances where match-drilling is not utilized.
  • the first and second washers 60, 70 each include inner walls 62, 72 and outer walls 64, 74, respectively. More specifically, and as illustrated in Figs. 2A-2B and 3A-3B, the inner and outer walls 62, 64 of the first washer 60 are concentric and define inner and outer diameters, D daca D 0 , of the first washer 60. Similarly, the inner and outer walls 72, 74 of the second washer are concentric and define inner and outer diameters, d i5 d 0 , of the second washer 70.
  • the first washer 60 may be proximally positioned relative to the second washer 70, the second washer being distal the first washer 60 and proximal the second member 18, as shown in Figs. 1, 4A-4C and 5.
  • the first washer 60 is frictionally engagable with the second washer 70 about the shank portion 26 of the fastener 22, within the first bore 16 and proximal the second member 18.
  • the inner wall 62 of the first washer 60 is slidably and/or abuttingly engagable with a proximal segment 32 of the fastener shank portion 26 about a perimeter of the inner wall 62 of the first washer 60.
  • the outer wall 74 of the second washer 70 is slidably interconnectable and/or engagable with a bore wall of the first bore 16 about a perimeter of the outer wall 74 of the second washer 70.
  • a spool insert 88 may be used to provide enhanced shear support to the honeycomb panel, as shown in Figs. 4A-4C.
  • the spool insert 88 may be positioned within the first bore 16 of the first member 14 such that an outer wall 92 of the spool insert 88 abuttingly engages the bore wall 15 of the first bore 16, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4A-4C.
  • the outer wall 74 of the second washer 70 is slidably engagable with and in abutting relation to the inner wall 90 of the spool insert 88 about a perimeter of the outer wall 74.
  • the first and second washers 60, 70 accommodate misalignments between the first and second bores 16, 20, and interconnect a proximal portion of the fastener shank portion 26 to the bore wall 15 of the first bore 16.
  • the outer wall 74 of the second washer 70 may directly slidably engage the bore wall 15 of the first bore 16 (not shown).
  • the first and second washers 60, 70 may be configured and/or sized accordingly.
  • the second washer 70 may have an outer diameter, d 0 , and an inner diameter, dize greater than the outer diameter, D 0 , and inner diameter, D ho of the first washer 60.
  • the inner diameter, dize of the second washer 70 may be greater than a diameter of the shank portion 26 of the fastener 22, and the second washer 70 may have an outer diameter, d 0 , which is between about 0.0005 inches and about 0.002 inches less than the diameter of the spool insert 88, as defined by the inner wall 90 of the spool insert 88.
  • the inner diameter, D texture of the first washer 60 may be slightly greater than a diameter of the proximal segment 32 of the shank portion 26 of the fastener 22 such that the inner wall 62 of the first washer 60 is slidably and tightly engagable with the proximal segment 32 of the shank portion 26.
  • the first washer 60 may have an inner diameter, D administrat which is between about 0.0005 inches and about 0.002 inches greater than the diameter of the shank portion 26 of the fastener 22.
  • the outer diameter, D 0 , of the first washer 60 is less than the diameter of the spool insert 88, as defined by the inner wall 90, and, in a preferred embodiment, is less than the outer diameter, d 0 , of the second washer 70.
  • the fastening apparatus 10 accommodates misalignments between the first and second bores 16, 20 as the first washer 60 aligns with the shank portion 26 of the fastener 22 and the second bore 20 in the second member 18 for receipt of at least the distal end 28 of the fastener 22 in the nut member 42, and the second washer 70 aligns with the first bore 16 in the first member 14.
  • the first washer 60 may have an outer diameter, D 0 , which is less than the diameter of the first bore 16, as defined by the bore wall 15, by an amount substantially equal to twice the amount of misalignment (e.g., twice the misalignment offset).
  • the second washer 70 may have an inner diameter, dge which is greater than the diameter of the shank portion 26 by an amount substantially equal to twice the amount of misalignment (e.g., twice the misalignment offset, M 0 ).
  • the first washer 60 may have an outer diameter, D 0 , as defined by the outer wall 64, which is at least about 0.06 inches less than the diameter of the first bore 16, as defined by the bore wall 15.
  • the second washer 70 may have an inner diameter, dtex as defined by the inner wall 72, which is at least about 0.06 inches greater than the diameter of the shank portion 26 of the fastener 22. Accordingly, in this embodiment, a misalignment capability of about 0.030 inches radial is provided through the use of the first and second washers 60, 70.
  • the outer diameter, D 0 of the first washer 60, as defined by the outer wall 64, should be greater than the inner diameter, dize of the second washer 70, as defined by the inner wall 72 such that the first and second washers 60, 70 may frictionally engage and cooperate with each other, as well as with the first bore 16, and specifically, the inner wall 90 of the spool insert 88, to accommodate misalignments between the first and second bores 16, 20.
  • the fastener 22 may have a head 34 on a proximal end of the fastener 22, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4C.
  • a diameter of the head 34 should be greater than the inner diameter, D fond of the first washer 60 to facilitate an abutting (e.g., bearing) interface between a proximal surface 67 of the first washer 60 and a distal surface 36 of the head 34.
  • at least one of the first and second washers 60, 70 may further include at least one serration (e.g., projection) for engaging the other of the first and second washers 60, 70. As illustrated in Figs.
  • a distal surface 68 of the first washer 60 may include a plurality of serrations 82 (e.g., pyramidical, conical, frustoconical, hemispherical, irregular-shaped teeth) for engaging and penetrating into the proximal surface 77 of the second washer 70.
  • serrations 82 may engage and penetrate into the proximal surface 77 of the second washer 70 as the fastener 22 is threaded or "tightened" (e.g., torqued) relative to the nut member 42.
  • Such serrations 82 generally project distally from the distal surface 68 of the first washer 60, and may be configured to facilitate penetration into or indentation of the proximal surface 77 of the second washer 70.
  • the second washer 70 may have a hardness and/or yield strength which is less than the hardness and/or yield strength of the first washer 60 and serrations 82 thereon.
  • the first washer 60 and serrations 82 thereon are fabricated from a high yield strength material (e.g., steel, titanium, beryllium copper) while the second washer 70 is fabricated from a lower yield strength material (e.g., aluminum, soft titanium, copper, plastic).
  • the serrations 82 on the distal surface 68 of the first washer 60 are driven into the proximal surface 77 of the second washer 70 to create an interface capable of carrying high shear loads, regardless of whether the first and second bores 16, 20 are aligned.
  • the second washer 70 may include at least one serration 82 on a proximal surface 77 of the second washer 70.
  • the serrations 82 on the second washer 70 may engage and/or be otherwise driven into the distal surface 68 of the first washer 60 to enhance the shear load carrying capability of the fastening apparatus 10.
  • the serrations 82 may penetrate into or otherwise deform the distal surface 68 of the first washer 60.
  • the second washer 70 may be fabricated from a high yield material, such as steel, while the first washer 60 may be fabricated from a lower yield material, such as aluminum.
  • the first washer 60 may include an annular, radially inwardly-directed (e.g., toward the aperture 66) chamfered surface 63. As illustrated in Figs. 1, 2B and 3B, the chamfered surface 63 may extend between the inner wall 62 and the proximal surface 67 of the first washer 60.
  • the chamfered surface 63 may be angled between about 40° and about 50°, and, in a preferred embodiment, about 45°. As such, the chamfered surface 63 is angled to allow the distal surface 36 of the head 34 to abuttingly and frictionally engage the proximal surface 67 of the first washer 60.
  • At least the distal end 28 of the fastener 22 is threadedly engagable with the nut member 42.
  • a distal segment 38 of the shank portion 26 may be threadedly engagable with the nut member 42 to secure the first member 14 to the second member 18.
  • at least a distal portion 44 of the nut member 42 includes threads 46 to engage the threads 30 of the fastener 26 at least within the distal segment 38 of the shank portion 26 of the fastener 22.
  • the distal portion 44 of the nut member 42 may threadedly engage the distal segment 38, at least proximate a distal surface 19 of the second member 18.
  • the nut member 42 may be of the standard, readily available type, or, alternatively, of the quick action type, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,378,187, 5,118,237, 3,352,341 and 4,083,393 and the Zip NutTM, which is commercially available from Fastener Technologies, Chantilly, Virginia.
  • Figs. 6-10 illustrate another aspect of the present invention.
  • a fastening apparatus 110 for interconnecting the first and second members 114, 118, illustrated in Figs. 6-10 may include a fastener 122 and a nut member 142 having a nose portion 154 (which will be described in more detail hereinbelow).
  • the first and second members 114, 118 are interconnectable via a fastening apparatus 110, which generally comprises a fastener 122 (e.g., bolt) and a nut member 142 engagable thereto. More specifically, in order to fasten the first member 114 to the second member 118, at least a distal end 128 of a fastener shank portion 126 may be inserted into and/or receivable within first and second bores 116, 120 of the first and second members 114, 118. Upon insertion into the bores
  • At least the distal end 128 of the shank portion 126 may frictionally engage the nut member 142, and specifically, a body portion 156 of the nut member 142, to interconnect the first and second members 114, 118.
  • at least an inner wall 148 of the body portion 156 of the nut member 142 includes a plurality of spiral female thread segments 146 which are threadedly engagable with male thread segments 130 on a distal segment 138 of the fastener shank portion 126.
  • the fastening apparatus 110 may include the nose portion 154, which is capable of abuttingly engaging a proximal portion 140 of the fastener shank portion 126 to generally inhibit tilting of the fastener 122 relative to the nut member 142, especially in instances where large shear loads are applied to one the first and second members 114, 118.
  • the nut member 142 is configured such that the nose portion 154 extends proximally from and relative to the body portion 156 of the nut member 142.
  • the nose portion 154 may be sized and/or configured such that the nose portion 154 is positionable within the second bore 120 of the second member 118, in abutting relation therewith. Having the nose portion 154 engage the shank portion 126 at a proximal portion 140, within the second bore 120, enhances the reactability of the nose portion 154 to shear loading on one of the first and second members 114, 118 as less stress is imparted into the second member 118, in view of the large area of abutting engagement between the nose portion 154 and the proximal portion 140 and between the threaded distal portion 138 of the shank portion 126 which threadedly engages the body portion 156 of the nut member 142.
  • the nose portion 154 may be annular in configuration.
  • the engagement between the inner wall 158 of the nose portion 154 and the proximal portion 140 of the fastener shank portion 126 is tight (e.g., in abutting relation).
  • at least one of the proximal portion 140 of the fastener shank portion 126 and proximal part 155 of the inner wall 158 of the nose portion 154 is substantially smooth (e.g., threadless), as shown in Fig. 7.
  • both the proximal portion 140 of the fastener shank portion 126 and the proximal part 155 of the inner wall 158 of the nose portion 154 are smooth.
  • the engagement between the outer wall 157 of the nose portion 154 and the bore wall 119 of the second member 118 should be tight.
  • a plurality of knurls 198 are integrally formed on the outer wall 157 of the nose portion 154.
  • such knurls 198 may be capable of pressing against the bore wall 119 of the second member 1 18 to substantially inhibit spinning of the nut member 142 relative to the second member 118.
  • the outer wall of the nose portion and the bore wall of the second member may threadedly engage each other.
  • left-handed threads may be integrally formed on the outer wall of the nose portion of the nut member and the second member such that upon tightening or torquing of the fastener relative to the nut member via right-handed threads thereon, the threaded engagement between the nut member and second member is enhanced.
  • the nose portion 154 may be sized to abuttingly engage both the second bore wall 119 of the second bore 120 and the proximal portion 140 of the fastener shank portion 126.
  • the nose portion 154 may be sized such that the diameter, D b , of the second bore 120, as defined by the bore wall 119, is less than about 0.005 inches greater than the outer diameter, D ⁇ , of the nose portion 154, as defined by the outer wall 157 of the nose portion 154.
  • the diameter, D b , of the second bore 120, as defined by the bore wall 119, is less than about 0.002 inches greater than the outer diameter, D n/o , of the nose portion 154, as defined by the outer wall 157 of the nose portion 154.
  • the nose portion 154 may be sized such that the inner diameter, D n/i , of the nose portion 154, as defined by the inner wall 158 of the nose portion 154, is less than about 0.002 inches greater than the diameter, D f , of the proximal portion 140 of the fastener shank portion 126.
  • the inner diameter, D ⁇ ,, of the nose portion 154 is between about 0.0005 inches and about 0.002 inches greater than the diameter, D f , of the proximal portion 140 of the fastener shank portion 126.
  • the nose portion 154 tightly and abuttingly engages the proximal portion 140 of the fastener shank portion 126 to substantially inhibit tilting of the fastener 122 relative to the first and/or second members 114, 118.
  • a fastening apparatus 110 capable of resisting and/or reacting to shear loads on, for example, the first member 114
  • reactive forces are applied by the nut member 142 to resist tilting of the fastener 122 relative to the first and/or second member 114, 118.
  • Such reactive forces from the nut member 142, relative to the shank portion 126 are generally applied at proximal portions 140 and distal segments 138 of shank portion 126.
  • the present invention provides for a tight, abutting interface at least between the proximal portion 140 of the shank portion 126 and the nose portion 154 of the nut member 142.
  • the body portion 156 of the nut member 142 includes female thread segments 146 formed in the inner wall 148 of the body portion 156, while the inner wall 158 of the nose portion 154 is smooth.
  • the female thread segments 146 of the body portion 156 engage the male threads 130 on the shank portion 126 of the fastener 122 and, in a preferred embodiment, such male and female thread segments 130, 146 uniformly engage each other to provide a tight interface therebetween.
  • the nut member 142 is configured and sized to direct such reactant forces on areas of the fastener 122 to substantially inhibit tilting of the fastener 122 relative to the first and second members 114, 118. More specifically, as shear loads on one of the first and second members 114, 118 are translated into a proximal segment 141, proximate the head 122, of the fastener 122 via the spool 188 and the second and first washers 170, 160, reactant forces act on the fastener 122 to substantially inhibiting tilting of the fastener 122 relative to the nut member 142.
  • Such reactant forces from the nut member 142 optimally act on the distal segment 138 of the fastener 122 and on the proximal portion 140 of the fastener shank portion 126.
  • the present invention contemplates providing a nut member 142 which is optimally sized such that the length, Lerne between upper and lower areas 159 a and 159 b of the nut member 142 from which such reactant forces act on the proximal portion 140 and the distal segment 138 of the fastener 122, respectively, is larger than the length, L 2 , between the area in which shear loads are translated into the fastener 122 (e.g., proximal segment 141 of the fastener shank portion 126) and the upper area 159 a of the nut member 142 from which a reactant force acts on the proximal portion 140 of the fastener shank portion 126.
  • the nose portion 154 of the nut member 142 may be fabricated from a high yield strength material having a high modulus of elasticity, such as steel, titanium and beryllium copper.
  • the length, L n of the nose portion 154 for abuttingly engaging the fastener 122, is at least about one- half the diameter, D f , of the shank portion 126 of the fastener 122.
  • a length of the nose portion 154 may also be less than or equal to the thickness of the second member 118, the thickness of the second member being defined by proximal and distal surfaces of the second member 118.
  • the length of the nose portion 154 may be about 0.245 inches.
  • the nose portion 154 has a thickness, T ⁇ , of 0.060 inches.
  • the nut member 142 is securable to a distal surface 113 of the second member 118. More specifically, in one embodiment, the nose portion
  • an annular recess 150 may be formed in the proximal surface 153 of an annular flange portion 151 of the body portion 156.
  • An epoxy adhesive (e.g., EA9394, available from Hysol), may be applied within the recess 150 to securely interconnect the nut member 142 to the distal surface 113 of the second member 118.
  • EA9394 available from Hysol
  • the nut member 142 may be attached to the second member 118 via mechanical fasteners, such as screws, bolts, rivets, pins, clamps etc.
  • the body portion 156 of the nut member 142 may include a quick action nut system, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,378,187, 5,118,237, 3,352,341 and 4,083,393 and the Zip NutTM, which is commercially available from Fastener Technologies, Chantilly, Virginia, or, alternatively, may comprise a standard nut.
  • the fastening apparatus 110 shown in Figs. 6-9, may further include first and second washers 160, 170, as illustrated in Fig. 10.
  • Such washers 160, 170 may be especially useful in instances where the first and second bores 116, 120 of the first and second members 114, 118 not radially alignable with each other (e.g., the central axes 117, 121 of the first and second bores 116, 120 are not substantially coincident with each other (e.g., ⁇ 0.002 inches)). Substantially as described hereinabove, the fastening apparatus 110 may be used in conjunction with the first and second washers 160, 170 to accommodate misalignments between the first and second bores 116, 120 while substantially inhibiting slippage between the first and second members 114, 118 due to large shear loads.
  • first and second washers 160, 170 may be positioned about the shank portion 126, within the first bore 116, such that the first and second washers 160, 170 are proximally positioned relative to the nose portion 154 of the nut member 142 to engage a proximal segment 132 of the fastener shank portion 126.
  • Each of the first and second washers 160, 170 may include concentric inner walls 162, 172, and outer walls 164, 174, respectively.
  • the inner wall 162 of the first washer 160 is slidably and/or abuttingly engagable with a proximal segment 132 of the fastener shank portion 126 about a perimeter of the inner wall 162 of the first washer 160.
  • the outer wall 174 of the second washer 170 is slidably interconnectable or engagable with a bore wall of the first bore 116 about a perimeter of the outer wall 174 of the second washer 170.
  • a spool insert 188 may be used to enhance attachment of the honeycomb panel.
  • Such a spool insert 188 may be positioned within the first bore 116 of and bonded to the first member 114 such that an outer wall 192 of the spool insert 188 abuttingly engages the bore wall of the first bore 1 16.
  • the outer wall 174 of the second washer 170 is slidably and/or abuttingly engagable with the inner wall 190 of the spool insert 188 about a perimeter of the outer wall 174.
  • the fastening apparatus 110 may further include a plurality of serrations 182 (e.g., projections) on at least one of the first and second washer 160, 170 for engaging the other of the first and second washer 160, 170, as illustrated in Fig. 10.
  • serrations 182 are especially useful in tolerating large shear forces applied on one of the first and second members 114, 118.
  • a distal surface 168 of the first washer 160 may include a plurality of serrations 182 (e.g., pyramidical, conical, frustoconical, hemispherical) for frictionally engaging and/or penetrating into the proximal surface 177 of the second washer 170.
  • a locking apparatus 310 may be utilized to secure or substantially inhibit displacement of the fastener 222 relative to the first and second member 214, 218.
  • the locking apparatus 310 may be used in conjunction with a fastening apparatus 210 to substantially inhibit displacement of the fastener 222 relative to one of the members interconnected thereby, especially in instances where the fastener 222 loosens relative to the nut member
  • the fastening apparatus 210 comprises a fastening member 222 and a nut member 242, wherein at least a portion of the fastening member 222 is threadedly engagable with the nut member 242 to interconnect first and second members 214, 218, the locking apparatus 310 may be used to lock or secure the fastening member 222 relative to one of the first and second members 214, 218.
  • the locking device 310 enhances the interconnection between the first and second members 214, 218 as the locking device 310 substantially inhibits the fastening member 222 (e.g., bolt) from loosening and/or displacing relative to the nut member 242, which thereby inhibits the fastening member 222 from separating from the nut member 242 and/or the first member 214.
  • the fastening member 222 e.g., bolt
  • the locking device 310 is especially useful in instances where such fastening members 222 are susceptible to "loosening" relative to the nut member 242, such as where the fastening apparatus 210 and/or the first and second members 214, 218 are subjected to vibrations (e.g., random vibrations) or loading, and/or contraction of the first and/or second members 214, 218 and/or the fastener 222 and/or the nut member 242 relative to each other.
  • the locking device 310 is especially useful to inhibit loosened fastening members 222 from damaging nearby instruments or equipment.
  • the first and second members 214, 218 are fastenable together, in abutting relation, via the fastening member 222 and nut member 242.
  • the fastener 222 is configured such that at least a portion of the fastener 222, specifically, a distal end 228 of a shank portion 226, is receivable within and insertable into the first and second bores 216, 220 of the first and second members 214, 218, respectively.
  • the nut member 228 may engage at least the distal end 228 of the fastener 222, proximate at least a distal surface 213 of the second member 218 , to interconnect the first and second members 214, 218.
  • at least the distal end 228 of the fastener 222 and the nut member 242 comprise threads such that the nut member 242 is threadedly engagable with at least the distal end 228 of the fastener 222 to fasten the first member 214 to the second member 218.
  • a substantial segment of the shank portion 226 of the fastener 222 may include male thread segments 230 which are engagable with female thread segments 246 formed in the inner wall 248 of the nut member 242.
  • at least a portion of the nut member 242 threadedly engages at least a distal end 228 of the fastener 222 proximate a distal surface 213 of the second member 218.
  • the nut member 242 may be mechanically and/or chemically fastened to the distal surface 213 of the second member 218.
  • an annular groove or recess 250 may be formed in a proximal surface 253 of the body portion 256 of the nut member 242, and specifically, in a flange portion 251 of the nut member 242.
  • An epoxy adhesive e.g., EA9394, available from Hysol
  • EA9394 available from Hysol
  • the nut member 242 may be attached to the second member 218 via mechanical fasteners, such as pins, rivets, screws, bolts, clamps etc.
  • the body portion 256 of the nut member 242 may include a quick action nut system, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,378,187, 5,118,237, 3,352,341 and 4,083,393 and the Zip NutTM, which is commercially available from Fastener Technologies, Chantilly, Virginia, or, alternatively, may comprise a standard nut.
  • the locking apparatus 310 is capable of extending between and/or interconnecting the fastening member 222 and the first member 214.
  • the locking apparatus 310 includes a tubular spool insert 320 insertable and securable within the first bore of the first member 214 and a locking member 350, which extends between the fastener 222 and the spool insert 320.
  • the spool insert 320 includes an annular groove 324 positioned about a bore 334, which extends through the spool insert 320, the bore 334 being defined by an inner wall 338 of the spool insert 320.
  • the annular groove 324 may include at least one slot 328 configured for receiving a portion of the locking member 350 (which will be described in more detail hereinbelow).
  • the spool insert 320 may be secured within the first bore of the first member 214 via a mechanical fastener or chemical bonding.
  • the spool insert 320 is interconnected to the first member 214, within the first bore, via at least one fastener, such as pins, rivets, bolts, screws and clamps.
  • the spool insert 320 is chemically bonded to the first member 214 by an epoxy adhesive (e.g., EA9394, available from Hysol).
  • the annular groove 324 and slots 328 associated therewith may be integrally formed within the first member 214, and specifically, in the first bore wall which defines the first bore.
  • the locking member 350 may interconnect and extend between the fastener 222 and the first member 214 to substantially inhibit displacement of the fastener 222 relative to the first member 214.
  • the locking member 350 includes an elastically deformable upper portion 354 (e.g., snap ring) capable of being received within the first bore 216 and specifically, within the annular groove 324.
  • the locking member 350 may further include at least one tab 360 positioned about a perimeter of the upper portion 354 of the locking member 350 for engaging the spool insert 320 (as will be described in more detail hereinbelow).
  • the upper portion 354 may have an unflexed diameter, D c , greater than the diameter, D s , of the spool insert 320, as defined by the inner wall 338 of the spool insert 320.
  • the upper portion 354 may be sized to have an unflexed diameter, D c , substantially corresponding to the diameter, D g , of the annular groove 324.
  • the upper portion or snap ring 354 may include a pair of radially inwardly flexible prongs 366, which are capable of being “pinched” or flexed radially inwardly to allow insertion and positioning of the locking member 350 within the bore 334 of the spool insert 320.
  • the prongs 366 each include a prong bore 368 which facilitates pinching of the prongs 366 for insertion into the locking member 350, and specifically insertion of the upper portion 354 and associated tab 360 into the annular groove 324 and one of the slots 328 associated with the annular groove 324, respectively.
  • the prong bores 368 may be configured to receive the tips of a pinching instrument (not shown) (e.g., instrument having plier-like capability).
  • the upper portion 354 may be fabricated from a metal, such as spring steel or beryllium copper, or from a high strength moldable plastic, such as TorlonTM, available from Amoco Polymers, Inc., Alpharetta, Georgia, or UltemTM, which is available from General Electric Company, Fairfield, Connecticut.
  • the annular groove 324 and each of the slots 328 associated therewith are configured to receive at least a perimeter of the upper portion 354 and one of the tabs 360, respectively.
  • the annular groove 324 is located in a proximal portion of the spool insert 320.
  • the annular groove 324 and the slots 328 may be sized to abuttingly engage at least a portion of the perimeter of the upper portion 354 and the tab 360.
  • the annular groove 324 may have a thickness, T g , greater than the thickness, T c , of the upper portion 354.
  • the thickness of the annular groove 324, T g is about 0.025 inches greater than the thickness of the upper portion 354, T c .
  • the tab 360 of the upper portion 354 is configured such that the tab 360 extends radially outwardly from and relative to the upper portion 354.
  • the tab 360 is receivable within one of the slots 328 of the annular groove 324 to substantially inhibit displacement (e.g., rotational, axial) of the fastener 222 relative to the first member 214.
  • the tab 360 and the slots 328 may be configured such that the tab 360 is slidably and abuttingly engagable with each of the slots 328.
  • the locking member 350 interconnects the first member 214 and the fastener 222 to substantially inhibit displacement (e.g., axial, rotational) of the fastener 222 relative to the first member 214.
  • the locking member 350 may further include a leg 380 interconnected with the upper portion 354, the leg 380 being capable of engaging the fastener 222.
  • the leg 380 extends distally from a distal surface of the upper portion 354 and is oriented normal to the upper portion 354. As illustrated in Figs. 11, 14-16, a distal portion 382 of the leg 380 is selectively engagable with a proximal portion 234 of the fastener 222.
  • At least the distal portion 382 of the leg 380 is selectively receivable within a female portion 235 on the proximal portion 234 of the fastener 222, as shown in Fig. 16.
  • the female portion 235 and the distal portion 382 of the leg 380 may have correspondingly sized and configured cross-sections to substantially inhibit relative rotational movement therebetween (e.g., triangular, rectangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc. cross-sections).
  • the female portion 235 and the distal portion 382 of the leg 380 are hexagonally configured.
  • the leg 380 may be either integrally formed with the upper portion 354 or, alternatively, a separate member interconnected to the upper portion 354. Furthermore, the leg 380 may be fabricated from a metal, such as aluminum or stainless steel, or from a high strength plastic, such as TorlonTM or UltemTM. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), for purposes of substantially inhibiting rotational movement of the fastener 222 relative to the leg 380, the proximal portion 234 (e.g., head) may be receivable within a female- type distal portion of the leg 380, wherein the distal portion 382 of the leg 380 is upper portionable of receiving the proximal portion 234 of the fastener 222.
  • a metal such as aluminum or stainless steel
  • a high strength plastic such as TorlonTM or UltemTM.
  • the position of the tab 360 of the locking member 350 relative to the slots 328 may vary, depending upon the degree of torquing of the fastener 222 relative to the nut member 242 desired (e.g., 10 inch-lbs., 150 inch-lbs.).
  • the position of each of the slots 328 about the annular groove 324 may be selected.
  • the configurations of the distal portion 382 of the leg 380 and the female portion 235 of the fastener 222 may be selected.
  • the slots 328 may be positioned about the annular groove 324 at non-60 ° intervals, as shown in Figs. 12-13. Such positioning of the slots 328 optimizes the positioning and locking of the locking member 350 as the rotational position of the tab 360 may already be varied in 60° intervals, relative to a longitudinally-extending central axis 322 of the spool insert 320, due to the hexagonal configuration of the distal portion 382 of the leg 380 and the female portion 235 of the fastener 222.
  • the slots 328 may be positioned, relative to the central axis 322, about the annular groove 324 at equal intervals. For instance, in one embodiment, relative to the longitudinally-extending central axis 322 of the spool insert 320, five slots (e.g., 328 a , 328 b , 328 c , 328 d , 328 e ) are equally spaced about the annular groove 324 at intervals of 72°.
  • seven slots are equally spaced about the annular groove 324 at intervals of 51.43 °.
  • the tab 360 may be receivable within at least one of the slots 328 to substantially inhibit rotation of the fastener 222 relative to the first member 214.
  • the locking apparatus 310 illustrated in Figs. 11-16, may also be used in association with either or both of the above-described fastening apparatuses 10, 110, illustrated in Figs.
  • the fastening apparatus capable of accommodating misalignments between bores of the members to be interconnected may be used in combination with the locking apparatus for limiting displacement (e.g., rotation, axial) of the fastener relative to the interconnected members.
  • the locking device may tiltably engage and/or interconnect the first member (e.g., via the spool insert) and the fastener interconnecting the members, as the fastener interconnectable to the locking device is not coincident with a longitudinally extending center axis of the bore associated therewith.
  • first and second washers 460, 470 may be utilized substantially as described hereinabove.
  • the first and second washers 460, 470 may be positioned about the shank portion 426, within the first bore of the first member 414, such that the first and second washers 460, 470 are proximally positioned relative to the second member 418 to engage a proximal segment 432 of the fastener shank portion 426.
  • Each of the first and second washers 460, 470 may include concentric inner walls
  • the inner wall 462 of the first washer 460 is slidably and/or abuttingly engagable with a proximal segment 432 of the fastener shank portion 426 about a perimeter of the inner wall 462 of the first washer 460.
  • the outer wall 474 of the second washer 470 is slidably interconnectable or engagable with the bore wall of the first bore about a perimeter of the outer wall 474 of the second washer 470.
  • the spool insert 520 may be positioned within the first bore of the first member 414 such that an outer wall 526 of the spool insert 520 abuttingly engages the bore wall of the first bore.
  • the outer wall 474 of the second washer 470 is slidably and/or abuttingly engagable with the inner wall 525 of the spool insert 520 about a perimeter of the outer wall 474 of the second washer 470.
  • the locking device 510 is capable of tiltably engaging and interconnecting the fastener 422 and the spool insert 520, and specifically, the annular groove 524 and one of the slots 528 of the spool insert 520. As illustrated in Fig.
  • the fastener 422 which is aligned with the central axis 421 of the second bore, may be correspondingly displaced relative to the central axis 417 of the first bore in order to interconnect the first and second members 414, 418.
  • the locking device, 510 and specifically, the upper portion 554 of the locking member 550 and leg 580 extending distally therefrom may tiltably engage the spool insert 520, within the annular groove 524, and the fastener 422, respectively, as the leg 580 is inclined at an angle relative to the central axis 421 of the second bore, the angle corresponding to the amount of misalignment between the first and second bores.
  • the annular groove 524 and the upper portion 554 may be sized and configured such that the upper portion 554 is capturable within the annular groove 524, even in instances where the upper portion 554 is inclined (e.g., angled) relative to the annular groove 524.
  • the annular groove 524 may have a thickness, T g , which is greater than the thickness, T c of the upper portion 554 to accommodate a tiltable engagement between the upper portion 554 and the annular groove 524.
  • the leg 580 may be configured to tiltably engage the fastener 422. More specifically, in order to accommodate the resulting angled engagement between the leg 580 and the proximal portion 434 (e.g., head) of the fastener 422, the leg 580 may further include, at the distal portion 582 of the leg 580, a necked segment 584 of reduced area that extends into a head-engaging portion 586 (e.g., ball end alien wrench), as illustrated in Figs. 17- 19.
  • a head-engaging portion 586 e.g., ball end alien wrench
  • the leg 580 and head-engaging portion 586 are configured to have a hexagonal cross-section and the proximal portion 434 of the fastener 422, specifically, the female portion 435, is hexagonally configured and sized to receive the head-engaging portion 586.
  • the head-engaging portion 586 is thus engagable with the proximal portion 434 of the fastener 422 as the neck segment 584 and the head-engaging portion 586 cooperate with the female portion 435 to interconnect the leg 580 and fastener 422, even in instances where the leg 580 is angled relative to the fastener 422.
  • the apparatuses described hereinabove may be used in combination with each other as a fastening system 600, for example, to accommodate misalignments between the first and second bores of the members 614, 618 to be interconnected via a fastener 622 (e.g., bolt), to substantially inhibit slippage between the interconnected members 614, 618 due to the effect of shear loads on the fastener 622 relative to the members 614, 618, and to substantially inhibit displacement (e.g., axial, rotational) of the fastener 622 relative to the interconnectable members 614, 618.
  • a fastener 622 e.g., bolt
  • displacement e.g., axial, rotational
  • an inner wall 658 of a nose portion 654 of a nut member 642 may be configured to abuttingly engage a proximal portion 640 of the fastener 622 to substantially inhibit tilting of the fastener 622 relative to the nut member 642 when one or both of the first and second members
  • the inner wall 658 and the proximal portion 640 may be substantially smooth (e.g., threadless), or alternatively, may include a plurality of knurls 698, as illustrated in Fig. 20.
  • the fastening system 600 may further include a locking member 750 which interconnects the spool insert 688 and the fastener 622.
  • a upper portion 754 and/or a tab 760 may engage the spool insert 688 within an annular groove 724 and one of a plurality of slots 728 and a distal portion 786 of a leg 780 may engage the head 634 of the fastener 622.
  • the fastening system 600 may accommodate misalignments between the bores of the first and second members 614, 618, substantially inhibit slippage between the first and second members 614, 618 due to shear loading, and substantially inhibit displacement of the fastener 622 relative to the first and/or second members 614, 618.
  • the above-described locking device for limiting displacement of the fastener relative to the interconnectable members may be used in combination with the fastening apparatus for substantially inhibiting slippage between the interconnected members due to shear loading on one of the members.

Abstract

Système (10) de fixation à tolérance d'alignement permettant de coupler des premier (14) et second (18) éléments ayant respectivement des premier (16) et second (20) trous traversants. Ledit système peut comporter un élément de fixation (22) doté d'une partie tige (26) destinée à être introduite dans les trous (16, 20) des premier et second éléments, un écrou (42) destiné à venir en contact avec au moins une partie distale de la partie tige (26) de l'élément de fixation, à proximité du second élément, et des première (60) et seconde (70) rondelles, au moins une des rondelles comportant une pluralité de stries (82), destinées à être placées dans le premier trou du premier élément, autour de la partie tige de l'élément de fixation. Plus spécifiquement, à des fins d'adaptation à un défaut d'alignement entre les premier et second trous, la paroi interne de la première rondelle (60) vient en contact coulissant avec la partie tige de l'élément de fixation et la paroi externe de la seconde rondelle (70) vient en contact coulissant ou d'interconnexion avec la paroi qui définit le premier trou du premier élément.
PCT/US1997/012091 1996-07-24 1997-07-11 Systeme de fixation a tolerance d'alignement Ceased WO1998003798A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU37978/97A AU3797897A (en) 1996-07-24 1997-07-11 Alignment tolerant fastening system

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/687,138 1996-07-24
US08/687,138 US5746561A (en) 1996-07-24 1996-07-24 Alignment tolerant fastening system
US08/687,140 1996-07-24
US08/687,136 1996-07-24
US08/687,136 US5888012A (en) 1996-07-24 1996-07-24 Large shear tolerant fastening system
US08/687,140 US5746558A (en) 1996-07-24 1996-07-24 Locking apparatus for fastening system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998003798A1 WO1998003798A1 (fr) 1998-01-29
WO1998003798A9 true WO1998003798A9 (fr) 1998-04-30

Family

ID=27418478

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1997/012091 Ceased WO1998003798A1 (fr) 1996-07-24 1997-07-11 Systeme de fixation a tolerance d'alignement

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3797897A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998003798A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19945184A1 (de) * 1999-09-21 2001-04-12 Fischbach Joachim Befestigungsvorrichtung für plattenförmige Bauteile
DE102006034169B4 (de) * 2006-07-24 2008-07-10 Siemens Ag Fügevorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Gehäuses mit einem Kraftfahrzeugteil
NL2005462C2 (nl) * 2010-10-06 2012-04-11 Bas Theodorus Isabelle Boerboom Combinatie van een pasring en een sluitplaat.

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US811011A (en) * 1905-04-20 1906-01-30 John C Weems Nut-lock.
GB495976A (en) * 1936-06-11 1938-11-23 Elastic Stop Nut Corp Improvements in or relating to fastening devices
US2367399A (en) * 1942-09-21 1945-01-16 Isakson Stig Lock nut
US3171518A (en) * 1959-07-17 1965-03-02 Erick W Bergmann Construction for adjusting the relative position of screw connected parts
US3422721A (en) * 1966-08-22 1969-01-21 John L Yonkers Self-aligning and sealing member
US4464091A (en) * 1981-01-12 1984-08-07 Deutsch Fastener Corp. Captive fastener

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