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WO1998053263A1 - Echangeur thermique - Google Patents

Echangeur thermique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998053263A1
WO1998053263A1 PCT/GB1997/001392 GB9701392W WO9853263A1 WO 1998053263 A1 WO1998053263 A1 WO 1998053263A1 GB 9701392 W GB9701392 W GB 9701392W WO 9853263 A1 WO9853263 A1 WO 9853263A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tubes
sidewalls
layer
plate
plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1997/001392
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Keith Thomas Symonds
Steven Paul Symonds
Brian Keith Watton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chart Heat Exchangers Ltd
Original Assignee
Chart Marston Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB9608841A priority Critical patent/GB2312737B/en
Priority claimed from GB9608841A external-priority patent/GB2312737B/en
Application filed by Chart Marston Ltd filed Critical Chart Marston Ltd
Priority to PCT/GB1997/001392 priority patent/WO1998053263A1/fr
Priority to AU29087/97A priority patent/AU2908797A/en
Publication of WO1998053263A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998053263A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
    • B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
    • F28F3/14—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels by separating portions of a pair of joined sheets to form channels, e.g. by inflation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a heat exchanger and, particularly, to a heat exchanger formed from a plurality of tubes.
  • the present invention aims to provide a simpler method of making a heat exchanger from seamless or welded and drawn tubes. Disclosure of Invention Accordingly, in one aspect the invention provides a method of making a heat exchanger comprising at least two layers of tubes in which a first layer of substantially parallel tubes is laid on a base plate, two sidewalls are positioned on the base plate with the tubes lying between and substantially parallel to the sidewalls, at least one further layer of substantially parallel tubes is positioned above the first layer, each further layer resting on an intermediate plate and between two parallel sidewalls of the intermediate plate, the distance between the sidewalls of each plate being greater than the sum of the measured outside diameters of the tubes of its respective layer by an amount predetermined by calculation from the sum of such diameters, and the height of the sidewalls being such that the tubes of each layer extend above their respective sidewalls whereby each intermediate plate rests on the tubes of the layer immediately below, a top plate being positioned on the uppermost layer of tubes.
  • Heat and loading are applied to the composite structure so formed whilst in a vacuum to deform the tubes thereby reducing the height of the tubes, whereby tubes adjacent plates are bonded to said plates, and the tops of the sidewalls bond to the plate above.
  • the tubes may also be bonded to each other.
  • the tubes will normally be of circular cross-section initially and will deform to slightly oval shape.
  • the two sidewalls may be integrally-formed with their respective plate.
  • separate side walls may be fitted to a plate with adequate means, e.g. jigs, to resist side loading pressure from the deforming tubes.
  • the sidewalls extend upwardly to a predetermined height above the tubes, typically by an amount calculated with reference to the measured outside diameters of the tubes.
  • the sidewalls are spaced from their adjacent tubes and each tube is spaced from its neighbours in the layer and the spacings or gaps may all be substantially equal.
  • each sidewall may, for example, contact its adjacent tube in the composite structure before pressure is applied provided that the overall spacings are sufficient to close the gaps and bond the product effectively without undue distortion.
  • the invention is particularly applicable for use with plates and tubes of metals, such as titanium and its alloys, stainless steel or other nickel-based alloys.
  • Other tubes that can be provided in the desired sizes and of sufficiently closely controlled tolerances may be used.
  • the bonding is preferably carried out under conditions of temperature and loading and in a vacuum chamber to effect diffusion bonding.
  • the invention provides a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of layers of parallel tubes, a top plate, a base plate, an intermediate plate between each layer of tubes and a pair of sidewalls extending parallel to and confining each layer of tubes, the tubes adjacent plates being bonded to said plates, the sidewalls and plates being bonded together, and the tubes having been deformed to reduced height, e.g. from circular to slightly oval configuration.
  • the temperature and pressure required to provide adequate bonding of the various components of the composite structure will depend on the materials from which the tubes and plates are made and on the dimensions used, i.e. tube diameters and wall thickness and plate thickness. However, the skilled man of the art will readily be able to determine appropriate conditions for his particular circumstances.
  • the spacings of the tubes and the relative heights of the tubes and sidewalls must be carefully determined for a particular composite structure. Again the skilled man can readily determine the appropriate requirements.
  • the bore of the tubes is determined by the heat transfer and pressure drop requirements of the heat exchanger, the wall thickness of the tubes is determined by the ruling pressure in use and the required tolerances can then be readily determined and appropriate tubing obtained to meet those requirements.
  • the spacings between adjacent parallel tubes and between outer tubes and their respective sidewalls are around 0.2mm so that the total spacing across an array of n tubes in a layer will be (n +1) x 0.2mm.
  • the sidewalls may be about 0.1mm less in height than the outside diameter of the tubes.
  • the plates may be flat plates or some of them may be contoured, e.g. corrugated.
  • the base plate and intermediate plates may have corrugations defined to provide the pre-determined spacings between individual tubes positioned to lie in the valleys of the corrugations.
  • the tubes may be positioned as required on the flat surface to provide the necessary gaps. As indicated above, it may be preferred to provide substantially equal gaps between the tubes and between the outermost tubes and the sidewalls. However, this is not essential and irregular spacings may be used provided that the application of pressure to the composite structure causes movement of the tubes to completely fill the gap between the sidewalls with deformed, substantially equi-spaced tubes.
  • alternate layers of parallel tubes extend transversely to each other (and hence, that the sidewalls of one layer extend transversely to the sidewalls of each immediate adjacent layer.).
  • adjacent layers of tubes may extend parallel to each other or a mixture of adjacent parallel and adjacent transverse tubes may be utilised depending on the desired final configuration.
  • the invention is not restricted to tube and plate configurations which provide a simple cross-flow heat exchanger in which one fluid passes in a single direction from one side of the heat exchanger to the other, whilst a second fluid in an adjacent layer passes in a single direction at right angles to that of the first fluid.
  • the tubes for one fluid may change direction towards one or both sides of the heat exchanger, typically through a right angle, so as to provide configurations e.g. in which one fluid enters and leaves the heat exchanger on the same side.
  • the tubes are preformed with their right angles adjacent one or both ends before being assembled together such that they are parallel to one another along both of their respective directions. In this way configurations such as those known as "cross contra” etc. can be formed.
  • the required loading may be applied, for example, by a hydraulic ram in a heated vacuum chamber so that pressure can be progressively applied to the composite structure to achieve the desired diffusion bonding.
  • the load applied is initially confined to the protruding tubes which will deform sufficiently for the gaps to close.
  • the plates will then come in contact with the sidewalls below and a further increase in load will increase pressure at the contact points between the tubes and the plates, the tubes and the sidewalls and the sidewalls and the plates sufficiently to achieve the minimum required bonding pressures throughout. This condition is held until the diffusion bonding is complete.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of one plate for use in the invention loaded with tubes; and Figure 3 is a perspective view of a bonded product of the invention. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
  • a base plate 10 is a tray having a rectangular base 11 and sidewalls 12A and 12B running the length of its longer sides.
  • a first layer of eight tubes 13 is positioned on base 11.
  • the tubes are of outside diameter, e.g., 6mm and are positioned to run parallel to sidewalls 12A and 12B with gaps 14 of about 0.2mm between adjacent tubes and a gap 15 of about 0.2mm between outer tube 13A and is adjacent sidewall 12A and between outer tube 13B and its adjacent sidewall 12B.
  • Sidewalls 12A and 12B are about 0.1mm less in height than the outside diameter of the tubes so that the tubes protrude above the sidewalls.
  • An intermediate plate 20 is positioned to rest on the tops of tubes 13. This plate is similar to plate 10 (although it need not be so thick) and has two sidewalls, only one of which 22A is shown and a base (not shown). Plate 20 is positioned so that its sidewalls are transverse to those of base plate 10.
  • a row of eight tubes (not shown) is similarly positioned on the base of intermediate plate 20 with similar spacings to the tubes 13 but with the tubes parallel to sidewall 22A and hence at right angles to the first layer of tubes 13. Because tubes 13 are taller than sidewalls 12A, 12B, a gap 17A, 17B is provided between the top of sidewalls 12A, 12B respectively and the underside of plate 20.
  • a further similar intermediate plate 30 with a base 31 and a pair of sidewalls 32A, 32B is positioned on the tops of the tubes on plate 20. These sidewalls are positioned to be parallel to sidewalls 12A, 12B of the base plate 10.
  • a further eight tubes 33 are positioned on base 31 with the same spacing as for the previous layers. Thus there are gaps 34 between adjacent tubes and gaps 35 between outer tube 33A and sidewall 32A and between outer tube 33B and sidewall 32B.
  • a gap 27A is formed between sidewall 22A and the underside of plate 30.
  • a similar gap (not shown) is, of course, formed between the other sidewall of plate 20 and the underside of plate 30.
  • a top plate 40 is placed on the tops of tubes 33 whereby a gap 37 A, 37B is formed between the tops of sidewalls 32 A and 32B respectively and the underside of plate 40.
  • Figure 2 shows a plan view of a single plate, base plate 10 with sidewalls 12 A, 12B and eight tubes 13 positioned on the plate with gaps 14 and 15 shown as described in Figure 1.
  • the sidewalls are each provided with two vertical through holes 18A, 19A and 18B, 19B respectively, one adjacent each end of its sidewall, whereby the assembly of plates and tubes may be accurately assembled in a jig having vertical guide bars to pass through the holes.
  • successive layers of trays and tube can be built up with alternate layers of tubes having their longitudinal axes at right angles to each other until the total desired layer height is achieved.
  • the structure may be placed under a ram system in a heated vacuum chamber and heat and pressure progressively applied.
  • the load applied is initially confined to the protruding tubes causing them to deform to slightly oval configuration. This process continues until all the tubes have deformed sufficiently for all the gaps (14, 34, etc.) to close and the tubes to come into contact with adjacent parallel tubes of their respective layer.
  • the pressure loading then increases between the tubes and their contacts with the plates.
  • the undersides of plates 20, 30 and 40 will have closed gaps 17 A, 17B; 27 A, 27B and 37 A, 37B and will have come into contact with the tops of the sidewalls 12A, 12B; 32, 32B, etc.
  • the loading is then further increased to ensure bonding throughout the product.
  • the pressure is held in this stable condition to allow the diffusion bonding process to be completed.
  • the heat exchanger unit 50 has a base plate 51, a top plate 52 and four intermediate plate layers 53, 54, 55 and 56.
  • Base plate 51 and intermediate plates 53, 54, 55, 56 are tray-shaped plates, each having a pair of sidewalls 51 A, 53 A, 54A, 55A and 56A respectively.
  • Alternate plates 51, 53, 54, 55, 56 are positioned at right angles to each other and each plate carries eight parallel tubes 61, 63, 64, 65 and 66 respectively.
  • the unit is completely bonded together, i.e. the tubes of each layer are bonded to adjacent tubes of that layer and to the plate immediately above and below.
  • the outer tubes of each layer are bonded to their respective sidewalls.
  • the tops of the sidewalls are bonded to the peripheries of their respective plate above.
  • the ends of the tubes are visible and accessible in the side faces of the unit and may be connected by conventional means, as required, to receive their respective fluid flow. Header tanks and other fitments may be welded to the exposed surfaces of base plate 51 and top plate 52.
  • the tubes are now slightly oval in cross-section.
  • the trays may be machined from solid plate to have sidewalls which are slightly less in height than the outside diameters of the tubes or, as mentioned above, flat plates may be used and separate side plates, e.g. accurately machined side bars, may be jigged to the plates to form the desired trays with adequate resistance to the side pressure from the distorted tubes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Cet échangeur thermique est réalisé à partir de tubes sans soudures ou de tubes soudés et étirés. Une première nappe de tubes (13) repose sur une tôle de base (10) de façon que les tubes soient disposés parallèlement aux parois latérales (12A, 12B). Cette première nappe est recouverte d'une deuxième nappe semblable disposée à 90° et reposant sur une tôle intercalaire (20). La construction est conçue de façon que lorsque, dans un vide d'air, applique à la structure composite de la chaleur et une charge, les tubes (13) se déforment et viennent s'appliquer contre les tôles, les parois latérales (12A, 12B) venant s'appliquer contre la tôle supérieure.
PCT/GB1997/001392 1996-04-30 1997-05-21 Echangeur thermique Ceased WO1998053263A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9608841A GB2312737B (en) 1996-04-30 1996-04-30 Heat exchanger
PCT/GB1997/001392 WO1998053263A1 (fr) 1996-04-30 1997-05-21 Echangeur thermique
AU29087/97A AU2908797A (en) 1996-04-30 1997-05-21 Heat exchanger

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9608841A GB2312737B (en) 1996-04-30 1996-04-30 Heat exchanger
PCT/GB1997/001392 WO1998053263A1 (fr) 1996-04-30 1997-05-21 Echangeur thermique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998053263A1 true WO1998053263A1 (fr) 1998-11-26

Family

ID=26309225

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1997/001392 Ceased WO1998053263A1 (fr) 1996-04-30 1997-05-21 Echangeur thermique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2908797A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998053263A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10088239B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2018-10-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger with improved flow at mitered corners

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61191879A (ja) * 1985-01-30 1986-08-26 Hitachi Ltd 熱交換器
EP0212878A1 (fr) * 1985-08-08 1987-03-04 Heatric Pty. Limited Echangeur de chaleur à plaques et à courant croisé
DE3819557A1 (de) * 1988-06-08 1988-12-15 Rienks Gerd Strukturelement aus kreuzweise geschichteten roehren
US5300367A (en) * 1991-08-12 1994-04-05 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Metallic structural panel and method of fabrication
GB2280867A (en) * 1991-10-29 1995-02-15 Rolls Royce Plc A method of diffusion bonding and a vacuum chamber
US5467528A (en) * 1991-12-23 1995-11-21 United Technologies Corporation Method of making a tubular thermal structure
US5564064A (en) * 1995-02-03 1996-10-08 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Integral porous-core metal bodies and in situ method of manufacture thereof

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61191879A (ja) * 1985-01-30 1986-08-26 Hitachi Ltd 熱交換器
EP0212878A1 (fr) * 1985-08-08 1987-03-04 Heatric Pty. Limited Echangeur de chaleur à plaques et à courant croisé
DE3819557A1 (de) * 1988-06-08 1988-12-15 Rienks Gerd Strukturelement aus kreuzweise geschichteten roehren
US5300367A (en) * 1991-08-12 1994-04-05 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Metallic structural panel and method of fabrication
GB2280867A (en) * 1991-10-29 1995-02-15 Rolls Royce Plc A method of diffusion bonding and a vacuum chamber
US5467528A (en) * 1991-12-23 1995-11-21 United Technologies Corporation Method of making a tubular thermal structure
US5564064A (en) * 1995-02-03 1996-10-08 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Integral porous-core metal bodies and in situ method of manufacture thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 16 (M - 554) 16 January 1987 (1987-01-16) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10088239B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2018-10-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger with improved flow at mitered corners

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2908797A (en) 1998-12-11

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