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WO1998050309A1 - Appareil pour le traitement electrochimique d'eau et/ou de solutions aqueuses - Google Patents

Appareil pour le traitement electrochimique d'eau et/ou de solutions aqueuses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998050309A1
WO1998050309A1 PCT/RU1997/000139 RU9700139W WO9850309A1 WO 1998050309 A1 WO1998050309 A1 WO 1998050309A1 RU 9700139 W RU9700139 W RU 9700139W WO 9850309 A1 WO9850309 A1 WO 9850309A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
line
water
discharging
feeding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU1997/000139
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vitold Mikhailovich Bakhir
Jury Georgievich Zadorozhny
Taras Borisovich Barabash
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/624,920 external-priority patent/US5704938A/en
Priority to US08/624,720 priority Critical patent/US5628888A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/RU1997/000139 priority patent/WO1998050309A1/fr
Priority to AU30511/97A priority patent/AU3051197A/en
Publication of WO1998050309A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998050309A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/003—Coaxial constructions, e.g. a cartridge located coaxially within another
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4611—Fluid flow
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4618—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolyte
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/04—Oxidation reduction potential [ORP]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the area of chemical technology, and more particularly to apparatus for the electrochemical treatment and purification of water and/or water solutions and for the regulation of acid-alkaline properties, Red-Ox characteristics and catalytic activity of water and can be used for obtaining washing/disinfecting solutions.
  • a device with flat perforated electrodes pressed against the diaphragm is used for water treatment in the anode chamber and cathode chamber separately. See the Author's Certificate USSR No.
  • Another device for the electrolysis of water consists of a cylindrical electrolyzer with coaxial electrodes which are fixed in dielectric bushings and a diaphragm is placed between the electrodes.
  • the diaphragm separates the inter-electrode space in the cathode and anode chambers. See Japanese Published Patent Application No. 1-104387 ( 1989).
  • Each chamber has a separate inlet in the lower bushing and a separate outlet in the upper bushing of the electrolyzer which are connected to the pressurized water line.
  • the device includes a power supply connected to the electrodes through the switchboard for changing the polarity of electrodes, for descaling of the cathode electrode and for switching the hydraulic lines which provide the solution output from the anode chamber and the cathode chamber without mixing of the resulting solutions. It is possible to obtain electrochemical processed water with biocide characteristics by using this device.
  • the disadvantage of this device is the high energy consumption required for water treatment, in particular for the treatment of water which is changing its mineralization during the treatment.
  • the device that is closest by the technical design and achieved result to the present invention is the apparatus for electrochemical treatment of water discloses in U.S. Patent No. 5,427,667 (Bakhir et al.), which is a prototype from which the present invention evolved.
  • the device disclosed in this application contains at least one electrochemical cell.
  • the cell contains vertical coaxial cylindrical and rod electrodes and a diaphragm, each of which are made from material which is nonsoluble during electrolysis.
  • the electrodes are installed in dielectric bushings.
  • An ultrafiltration ceramic diaphragm, the main ingredient of which is zirconium oxide, is installed in the bushings between the electrodes.
  • the ability to change the geometric dimensions ofthe cell is limited by the formula.
  • the cells are fastened in the lower and upper collectors which are made from dielectric material.
  • the collectors have channels for incoming and outgoing solutions.
  • the cells are installed in the collectors in parallel hydraulically and in parallel or in series - parallel electrically.
  • the electrodes of the cell are connected with the poles of the power supply in such a way that the cylindrical electrode is an anode and the rod electrode is a cathode. Both electrode chambers are connected with the incoming water in a parallel manner and the cell has flow regulators on both lines.
  • the device also has a water-jet pump for dosing a reagent entered from the tank installed on the water supplying line.
  • the device may include a catalytic chamber.
  • the power supply connected to the electrodes through the switchboard.
  • the anode treated solution is a disinfectant and the cathode treated solution is a washing solution.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved apparatus for electrochemical treatment of water that reduces power consumption and extends the functional abilities of the earlier devices. This is achieved by varying the parameters of anolyte and catholyte, in particular by increasing the biocide characteristics of anolyte and reducing its corrosion activity.
  • the device for obtaining washing and disinfecting solutions by the electrolysis of sodium chloride water solution contains at least one electrochemical cell.
  • the cell contains vertical coaxial cylindrical and rod electrodes made from material that is nonsoluble during electrolysis, and a coaxial ceramic ultrafiltration diaphragm.
  • the cylindrical and rod electrodes are installed in the dielectric bushings.
  • the ceramic ultrafiltration diaphragm is installed in the bushings between the electrodes. The diaphragm separates the inter-electrode space into two chambers.
  • Lower and upper bushings have channels for the treated solution that is supplied into and is discharged from the electrode chambers.
  • the device also contains a metering pump for introducing sodium chloride to the treated water.
  • the water line has a flow regulator which is connected to the metering pump.
  • the poles of the power supply are connected to the electrodes.
  • the feeding line is connected to the inlet of the negative electrode chamber.
  • the outlet of the negative electrode chamber is connected to the inlet of the positive electrode chamber by a special line which has an adjustment for discharging part of the degasified processed solution from the chamber of the negative electrode.
  • a chamber with catalyst can be installed on the special line.
  • the catalytic chamber may contain a mixture of. carbon and manganese oxide and has an inlet in the upper part and an outlet in the lower part.
  • the adjustment for discharging part of the degasified processed solution is executed, for instance, as a separator with the tangential inlet containing a valve which permits the discharge of part of the flow and, after degasification, sends it to the end user.
  • the adjustments for supplying and discharging the treated solution are made as collectors which permits the joining of two or more cells. It is a known method when the treated solution is consequently passed first through the cathode chamber and then through the anode chamber. See, for instance, Inventor's Certificate USSR No. 865829 (1980).
  • the order of water flowing through the electrode chambers is defined by the requirements for the purification rate from the ions of heavy metals.
  • the regulation of the processes, which are ongoing in the electrode chambers, is aimed of changing the pH of the treated solution. These changes are significant in comparison with the initial solution.
  • the pH of the solution treated in the cathode chamber is changed so that the treated solution produces a high alkaline reaction which exceeds the pH value for the hydrate formation.
  • the acidification of the cathode treated water in the anode chamber is required.
  • FIG. 1 shows one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention for the electrochemical synthesis of washing and disinfecting solutions in which the negative chamber outlet is connected with the positive chamber inlet by the special line.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically the preferred embodiment of the present invention of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows another preferred embodiment of the present invention for the electrochemical synthesis of washing and disinfecting solutions in which a catalyst chamber is provided on the special line.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically the preferred embodiment of the present invention of Figure 3.
  • the present invention is an improvement on the prototype apparatus for electrochemical treatment of water disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,427,667, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by this reference thereto.
  • the apparatus of the present invention for obtaining washing and disinfecting solutions is shown in Figures 1 and 2 and contains an electrochemical cell 1.
  • the electrochemical cell is described in connection with the prototype in U.S. Patent No. 5,427,667.
  • the vertical coaxial electrodes (anode and cathode) of the cell are connected to the poles of the power supply (not shown).
  • the ceramic diaphragm is made from zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide and yttrium oxide, is installed between the electrodes and separates the inter-electrode space in the electrode chambers: the anode chamber 2 and the cathode chamber 3.
  • the cathode chamber 3 is connected to the feeding line 4 containing the solution to be treated. This line also contains the running water line 5 and the brine line 6.
  • the running water line 5 contains a filter 7 and the brine line 6 contains a filter 8 to remove impurities.
  • the brine line 6 contains the valve 9.
  • the negative electrode chamber outlet 3 is connected to the inlet of the positive electrode chamber 2 by the special line 10.
  • the special line 10 contains an adjustment 1 1.
  • the adjustment 1 1 permits the discharge of part of the degasified treated solution from the negative electrode chamber 3.
  • the adjustment 1 1 can be made, for example, as a separator with the tangential inlet containing a valve type device 12 for discharging part of the treated solution and, after degasification, delivering it to the user.
  • the special line 10 may also have a chamber 13 containing the catalyst.
  • the chamber 13 can contain, for instance, a mixture of particles of carbon and manganese dioxide.
  • the catalyst allows one to control changes in the anolyte properties (reducing its corrosion activity) by regulation of the content of active ingredients in the catholyte.
  • the apparatus of the present invention works as follows.
  • Source solution runs in line 4 and contains water filtered 7 from the impurities line 5 and a solution of sodium chloride carried in line 6.
  • the water and sodium chloride proportions in the source solution can be adjusted by the valve 9.
  • the source solution enters into the cathode chamber 3 of the electrochemical cell 1.
  • the amount of sodium chloride in the water depends upon the application.
  • the position of the valve 12 affects how the process is run. If the valve 12 is closed, the entire volume of the catholyte, together with the hydrogen, which was produced during electrolysis, enters into the anode chamber 2 of the electrochemical cell 1.
  • the anolyte increases its biocidal activity and decreases its corrosion activity (pH - 1.2 - 7.6).
  • valve 12 If the valve 12 is opened slightly and part of the catholyte is discharged, then the specific electric output for making anolyte is increased.
  • adding the catalyst chamber 13 or flotation chamber makes it possible to neutralize a portion of the active ingredients in the catholyte and to increase the efficiency in the anode chamber 2, since part of the current, which was used earlier for the neutralization of active ingredients in the catholyte, assists in changing the characteristics of the anolyte. This allows one to increase the biocidal activity of the anolyte without measurably changing the pH.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following example, which is not intended to exhaust all of its possibilities.
  • Example. The cell contains titanium electrodes coated with platinum or platinum-iridium and a ceramic ultrafiltration diaphragm (see U.S. Patent No. 5,427,667) was used for water treatment.
  • the concentration of sodium chloride in the initial solution was 2 g/1.
  • the power consumption was 1.8 KWHR 1.
  • the valve 12 was closed and the whole solution is run from the cathode chamber 3 into the anode chamber 2 together with the free hydrogen.
  • the biocidal activity of the obtained anolyte was from 16 min.
  • the corrosion activity of the obtained anolyte was 1.0 mm/year. (Biocidal activity was determined by the time (minutes) required for disinfecting 1 liter of water containing bacteria of E coli group in concentrations of 1.107 after I ml of the anolyte, with the concentration of active chlorine 300 ppm added.)
  • the level of corrosion activity was determined by the velocity of the corrosion of metal samples (St. 3) using the weight method and was recalculated on the standard factor: a millimeter per annum).
  • ORP +860 mV comparatively to the chlorine-silver electrode.
  • the invention allows one to obtain a bactericidal solution (anolyte) with wider functional abilities than in the prototype apparatus disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,427,667.
  • the present invention provides a possibility of fine regulation of the anolyte parameters during the process.
  • the present invention also provides a possibility to increase a bactericidal activity of the anolyte and decrease its corrosion activity at the same time.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un appareil permettant d'effectuer la purification électrochimique de l'eau et de réguler les propriétés acides-alcalines, les caractéristiques de redox ainsi que l'activité catalytique de l'eau de manière à ce qu'elle puisse être utilisée dans des solutions de lavage ou désinfectantes. Cet appareil comprend au moins une cellule électrochimique contenant des électrodes coaxiales et verticales de type tige et cylindre qui sont faites d'un matériau non soluble lors d'une électrolyse. Cette cellule comprend également un diaphragme céramique d'ultrafiltration qui est monté dans les bagues entres les électrodes de manière à créer un espace inter-électrodes dans les chambres à électrodes. Les bagues inférieure et supérieure possèdent des canaux assurant l'admission et l'évacuation de la solution traitée dans et hors des chambres à électrodes, lesquels canaux sont connectés à des conduites de réglage d'admission et d'évacuation. Une pompe de mesure est montée sur la conduite d'eau de manière à pouvoir doser le chlorure de sodium dans l'eau à traiter. La conduite d'eau comprend un régulateur de débit qui est connecté aux conduites de réglage d'admission et d'évacuation, les bornes de la source d'alimentation électrique étant connectées aux électrodes. La conduite d'alimentation est connectée à l'entrée de la chambre contenant l'électrode négative. La sortie de cette chambre est quant à elle connectée à l'entrée de la chambre contenant l'électrode positive, ceci grâce à une conduite spéciale qui possède un régulateur permettant d'évacuer une partie de la solution traitée et dégazéifiée hors de ladite chambre contenant l'électrode négative. Une chambre catalytique peut également être installée sur cette conduite spéciale, laquelle chambre contient un mélange de particules de carbone et de dioxyde de manganèse. Un séparateur possédant une entrée tangentielle permet enfin d'évacuer une partie de la solution traitée et dégazéifiée.
PCT/RU1997/000139 1996-03-27 1997-05-06 Appareil pour le traitement electrochimique d'eau et/ou de solutions aqueuses Ceased WO1998050309A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/624,720 US5628888A (en) 1996-03-28 1996-03-28 Apparatus for electrochemical treatment of water and/or water solutions
PCT/RU1997/000139 WO1998050309A1 (fr) 1996-03-27 1997-05-06 Appareil pour le traitement electrochimique d'eau et/ou de solutions aqueuses
AU30511/97A AU3051197A (en) 1996-03-28 1997-05-06 Apparatus for electrochemical treatment of water and/or water solutions

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/624,920 US5704938A (en) 1996-03-27 1996-03-27 Implantable bone lengthening apparatus using a drive gear mechanism
PCT/RU1997/000139 WO1998050309A1 (fr) 1996-03-27 1997-05-06 Appareil pour le traitement electrochimique d'eau et/ou de solutions aqueuses

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998050309A1 true WO1998050309A1 (fr) 1998-11-12

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PCT/RU1997/000139 Ceased WO1998050309A1 (fr) 1996-03-27 1997-05-06 Appareil pour le traitement electrochimique d'eau et/ou de solutions aqueuses

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2167823C2 (ru) * 1999-08-19 2001-05-27 Попов Алексей Юрьевич Способ для электрохимической обработки воды
GB2391018A (en) * 2002-07-23 2004-01-28 David Edward Cross Electrochemical cells with coaxial electrodes
EP2632857A4 (fr) * 2010-10-28 2016-01-13 Anolytech Ab Procédé et système pour la production d'une fraction anolytique
US10349982B2 (en) 2011-11-01 2019-07-16 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Adjustable magnetic devices and methods of using same
US10478232B2 (en) 2009-04-29 2019-11-19 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Interspinous process device and method
US10617453B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2020-04-14 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Adjustable devices for treating arthritis of the knee
US10646262B2 (en) 2011-02-14 2020-05-12 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. System and method for altering rotational alignment of bone sections
US10660675B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2020-05-26 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. External adjustment device for distraction device
US10729470B2 (en) 2008-11-10 2020-08-04 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. External adjustment device for distraction device
US10743794B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2020-08-18 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Devices and methods for non-invasive implant length sensing
US10751094B2 (en) 2013-10-10 2020-08-25 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Adjustable spinal implant
US10835290B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2020-11-17 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. External adjustment device for distraction device
US10918425B2 (en) 2016-01-28 2021-02-16 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. System and methods for bone transport
US11191579B2 (en) 2012-10-29 2021-12-07 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Adjustable devices for treating arthritis of the knee
US11202707B2 (en) 2008-03-25 2021-12-21 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Adjustable implant system
US11234849B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2022-02-01 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Adjustable implant and method of use
US11246694B2 (en) 2014-04-28 2022-02-15 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. System for informational magnetic feedback in adjustable implants
US11357549B2 (en) 2004-07-02 2022-06-14 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Expandable rod system to treat scoliosis and method of using the same
US11439449B2 (en) 2014-12-26 2022-09-13 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Systems and methods for distraction
US11612416B2 (en) 2015-02-19 2023-03-28 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Systems and methods for vertebral adjustment

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3827964A (en) * 1970-11-26 1974-08-06 K Okubo Apparatus for removal of contaminants from wastes
US4048032A (en) * 1974-09-03 1977-09-13 Sachs-Systemtechnik Gmbh Electrolytic purification of aqueous liquids in the presence of silver ions
EP0286233A2 (fr) * 1987-03-11 1988-10-12 Omco Co. Ltd. Dispositif d'électrolyse de l'eau
US5427667A (en) * 1992-04-03 1995-06-27 Bakhir; Vitold M. Apparatus for electrochemical treatment of water
US5628888A (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-05-13 Rscecat, Usa, Inc. Apparatus for electrochemical treatment of water and/or water solutions

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3827964A (en) * 1970-11-26 1974-08-06 K Okubo Apparatus for removal of contaminants from wastes
US4048032A (en) * 1974-09-03 1977-09-13 Sachs-Systemtechnik Gmbh Electrolytic purification of aqueous liquids in the presence of silver ions
EP0286233A2 (fr) * 1987-03-11 1988-10-12 Omco Co. Ltd. Dispositif d'électrolyse de l'eau
US5427667A (en) * 1992-04-03 1995-06-27 Bakhir; Vitold M. Apparatus for electrochemical treatment of water
US5628888A (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-05-13 Rscecat, Usa, Inc. Apparatus for electrochemical treatment of water and/or water solutions

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2167823C2 (ru) * 1999-08-19 2001-05-27 Попов Алексей Юрьевич Способ для электрохимической обработки воды
GB2391018A (en) * 2002-07-23 2004-01-28 David Edward Cross Electrochemical cells with coaxial electrodes
GB2391018B (en) * 2002-07-23 2005-08-17 David Edward Cross Electrochemical cells
US11357549B2 (en) 2004-07-02 2022-06-14 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Expandable rod system to treat scoliosis and method of using the same
US11672684B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2023-06-13 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Adjustable implant and method of use
US11234849B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2022-02-01 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Adjustable implant and method of use
US11202707B2 (en) 2008-03-25 2021-12-21 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Adjustable implant system
US10729470B2 (en) 2008-11-10 2020-08-04 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. External adjustment device for distraction device
US10478232B2 (en) 2009-04-29 2019-11-19 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. Interspinous process device and method
US10660675B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2020-05-26 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. External adjustment device for distraction device
EP2632857A4 (fr) * 2010-10-28 2016-01-13 Anolytech Ab Procédé et système pour la production d'une fraction anolytique
US10646262B2 (en) 2011-02-14 2020-05-12 Nuvasive Specialized Orthopedics, Inc. System and method for altering rotational alignment of bone sections
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