WO1997033466A1 - Mammifere non genetiquement modifie, modele pour la sclerose en plaques - Google Patents
Mammifere non genetiquement modifie, modele pour la sclerose en plaques Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997033466A1 WO1997033466A1 PCT/FR1997/000469 FR9700469W WO9733466A1 WO 1997033466 A1 WO1997033466 A1 WO 1997033466A1 FR 9700469 W FR9700469 W FR 9700469W WO 9733466 A1 WO9733466 A1 WO 9733466A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4713—Autoimmune diseases, e.g. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, rheumathoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus; Autoantigens
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the production of a mammalian, non-human, modified animal, having a pathophysiology similar to that of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as to the uses of the animal thus obtained.
- MS multiple sclerosis
- BBB blood-brain barrier
- This factor induces apoptotic death of astrocyte lines, and also of oligodendrocytes, in vitro (see patent application PCT / FR95 / 00178). These two fractions are also found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and seru s of patients suffering from MS (Dobransky & col submitted).
- CSF cerebrospinal fluid
- MS Dobransky & col submitted
- the present invention relates to a modified, non-human, mammalian animal, in which signs or abnormalities characteristic of multiple sclerosis are observed when they are observed in humans.
- modified animal means an animal which, compared to a control animal of the same family, the same genus and the same species, has undergone a voluntary modification.
- This voluntary modification does not affect the animal's genome and in particular the animal is not transgenic. It is essentially characterized by a pathophysiological condition linked to an infection of the animal with the gliotoxic factor as obtained from biological fluid taken from patients suffering from multiple sclerosis.
- a mammalian animal, non-human, modified without affecting its genome having at least any two of the following signs or anomalies: (a) a blood-brain barrier open or permeable to the water-soluble molecules of non-blood specific to the brain parenchyma; (b) an astrocytic attack notably revealed by the disorganization of physiological networks, by a disappearance of the astrocytic feet around the capillary vessels and by gliosis; (c) activation of microglial cells; (d) demyelination plaques, especially present in the brainstem and / or the cerebellar white matter; (e) lesions of the glial cells and of the endothelial cells of the central nervous system, in particular a modification of the morphology and / or at least partial fragmentation of the DNA of glial cells of the astrocytic type, at a distance from the injection site ; preferably, the animal has at least two of the pathological signs (a) a blood-brain barrier open or
- gliotoxic factor * have an infectious amount of gliotoxic factor, as obtained from a culture of monocytes or from a biological fluid from a patient suffering from multiple sclerosis,
- a method for measuring the effectiveness of a therapeutic method, in particular a medicinal agent, intended for the treatment of multiple sclerosis comprising the steps consisting in:
- the modified animal according to the invention lies in obtaining hybridomas capable of producing monoclonal antibodies directed against the gliotoxic factor and originating from B lymphocytes taken from said animal and fused with tumor cells adapted to the obtaining hybridomas (rat / rat or rat / mouse hybridomas according to Kôhler and Milstein 1975).
- the invention relates to a process for the production of monoclonal antibodies directed against gliotoxic factor and / or against molecules induced or modified by the effects of gliotoxic factor, comprising the steps consisting in fusing B lymphocytes taken from an animal of the invention, with appropriate tumor cells, and to have produced by the hybridoma after selection, said antibodies.
- the subject of the invention is also a monoclonal antibody directed against the gliotoxic factor and / or against molecules induced or modified by the effects of the gliotoxic factor, capable of being obtained by the above method.
- the animal modified according to the present invention belongs to the family of muridae, in particular it is a mouse or a rat.
- the animal of the invention could be a monkey or a guinea pig.
- Figure 1 is a photograph showing the organization and orientation of periventricular astrocytes after injection of the toxic factor:
- Fig. 1A controls: the GFAP + cells close to the left lateral ventricle are of the fibrous type; the cell bodies are densely marked; the extensions are relatively thick; GFAP + cells are oriented parallel to the cutting plane (vertical-frontal section);
- Fig. 1B rats treated with the toxic factor: the GFAP + cells observed near the left lateral ventricle have an enlarged and / or polymorphic soma with a disorganization of the cytoplasmic extensions; the orientation of these cells is perpendicular to the section plane and the organization of the cells is palisade;
- FIG. 1C at higher magnification of FIG. 1B, a normal astrocyte is observed
- FIG. 1D at higher magnification of FIG. 1B, an astrocyte is observed whose cytoplasmic extensions are oriented towards the left lateral ventricle;
- FIG. 1 illustrates nodules in the CNS of rats treated with the toxic factor:
- Fig. 2A in the striatu of the control rats, the GFAP + cells are small, star-shaped, the extensions are short and thin;
- Fig. 2B in rats treated with factor, the astrocytic bodies are enlarged, and have abnormal cytoplasmic extensions (very fine and numerous);
- Fig. 2C in rats treated with factor, nodules are observed in the striatum;
- Figure 3 represents the organization of periventricular astrocytes following the injection of the gliotoxic factor:
- Fig. 3A in the control rats, the astrocytic extensions form GFAP + immunoreactive patches around the vessels;
- Fig. 3B in the treated rats, the astrocytic extensions around the vessels regressed or disappeared; a "depletion" of the vascular environment in astrocytes is also observed;
- Fig. 3C in treated rats, near certain vessels, foci of astrocytic gliosis are formed; astrocytes are densely labeled with GFAP; the cytoplasmic extensions are thicker;
- Figure 4 shows the distribution of astrocytes in the cortex, 10 days after injury:
- Fig. 4A in the control animals, in the marginal zone of the piriform cortex, the astrocytes have an aspect of "candles" and their cytoplasmic extensions are oriented towards the pia perpendicular to its surface;
- Fig. 4B in layer I of the piriform cortex in the treated rats, there is a structural modification of the GFAP + cells which have lost their physiological orientation; there is a disorganization of the glia limitans established by the astrocytic prolongations;
- Fig. 4C in control animals, in layers II and III of the cortex, the GFAP + cells have a star shape; numerous cytoplasmic extensions occupy the intercellular space; Fig. 4D: in the treated rats, a regression of the cytoplasmic prolongations is observed, an increase in the intercellular space and a loss of the "star" morphology of the astrocytes; Bar: 40 ⁇ m
- Figure 5 highlights the fragmentation of cellular DNA by the TUNEL technique after treatment with the toxic factor:
- Fig. 5A in the treated rats, the TUNEL + cells are observed in the wall of the lateral ventricles;
- Fig. 5B in treated rats, observation in the white matter of the cerebellum;
- Fig. 5C in the treated rats, observation in the layer of the cerebellum grains
- Fig. 5D in the treated rats, observation at the level of the arachnoid vessels
- Fig. 5E in the treated rats, it is observed that in the cerebellum, the fragmented DNA is found in the cytoplasm;
- Fig. 5F in the treated rats, the TUNEL " * " cells are observed in the choroid plexus, with hematoxylin counter staining;
- Fig. 6A GFAP + cells (blue), also TUNEL "1" (brown) in the cortex;
- Fig. 6B in the striatu; the absence of cytoplasmic extensions and the attenuation of the GFAP labeling are observed;
- Fig. 6C doubly labeled GFAP / TUNEL cell in the cerebellum
- Fig. 6D doubly labeled cells (FVIII / TUNEL) in the vascular wall; the labeling of FVIII is very weak;
- Figure 7 is a photograph showing the opening of the blood-brain barrier in rats treated with the toxic factor:
- Fig. 7A in a large periventricular zone, a diffusion of blood imoglobulins is observed; 1 * immunostaining is diffuse;
- Fig. 7B at higher magnification, an IgG halo is observed around a vessel
- Figure 8 represents the microglial-macrophagic reactivity
- Fig. 8A in the controls, OX42 + cells are observed in the striatum; the microglia is in quiescent form, the marking is weak; very few cells are observed; Fig. 8B: in the treated animals, there is a morphological modification of the OX42 + cells and an increase in their number;
- Fig. 8C at higher magnification of FIG. 8B, quiescent microglial cell
- Fig. 8D at higher magnification of FIG. 8B, reactive microglial branched type cell
- bar A, B, 20 ⁇ m C, D, 40 ⁇ m
- Figure 9 illustrates foci of reactive microglia in the brainstem: Fig. 9A: focus of OX42 + cells in the brainstem;
- Fig. 9B at higher magnification, the OX42 + cells are reactive of the branched and pseudopodic type
- Figure 10 illustrates the yelin degradation: Fig. 10A: white substance of the cerebellum where there is an attenuation of 1 • immunostaining in a large well defined area;
- Fig. 10B bundle of myelin in the cerebellum where a strong myelin degradation is observed
- Fig. 10C enlargement of Fig. 10B: very clear myelin degradation
- Figure 11 represents a co-detection of astrocytes and TUNEL " * " cells compared to astrocytes in patient biopsies (MS):
- Fig. 11A reactive astrocyte (blue) surrounded by TUNEL "1" cells (brown);
- Fig. 11B small GFAP + cells, weakly labeled by anti-GFAP, lacking cytoplasmic extensions and located at the periphery of the plate;
- Fig. 11C TUNEL " * " cells in the vascular wall, with endothelial phenotype; Bar: 40 ⁇ m
- the gliotoxic factor CSF or urine samples, or monocytes are taken from patients suffering from MS.
- the toxic factor is partially purified after treatment on an ion exchange column, then on an exclusion separation column, in accordance with Example 11 of patent application PCT / FR95 / 00178.
- the gliotoxic factor consists mainly of a light fraction of 17 Kd and a heavy fraction of 21 Kd, both of which have a strong affinity for concanavaulin.
- the separation of the gliotoxic factor is detailed below, from crude culture supernatants of monocytes / macrophages from patients suffering from MS.
- Culture medium includes RPMI1640 (Boehringer), penicillin-streptomycin (bioMérieux), L-glutamine (bioMérieux), sodium pyruvate (Boehringer), non-essential amino acids lOOx (Boehringer), serum human AB taken from healthy donors and seronegative for all viruses transmissible by known blood derivatives (see PERRON et al., The Lancet, vol 337, pages 862-863, 6 April 1991). Lymphoid cells are grown in culture flasks of 75 cm 3 Primaria (Falcon) after being separated from the plasma and other blood cellular components by centrifugation on Ficoll (Lymphoprep ®, Flow).
- Primaria Falcon
- lymphoid cells 50 ml of blood are taken by venipuncture on a sterile heparin tube (lithium heparin). The blood and heparin are well mixed as soon as the blood is drawn. Alternatively, blood can be drawn into tubes containing EDTA. It is then important to immediately transport the tubes maintained at + 4 ° C to the laboratory, where they will be handled under a "biohazard" laminar flow culture hood under sterile conditions.
- an "RPMI” medium which comprises 100-150 ml of RPMI 1640 medium, a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin, 4% L-glutamine, 1% sodium pyruvate, 1% acids non-essential amino Boehringer (100X). Also prepared are 3 sterile 50 ml conical bottom tubes (Falcon) containing 10 ml of the "RPMI” medium described above, and 4 sterile 50 ml tubes with 20 ml of Ficoll at the bottom. The heparinized tubes are opened to pipette the blood, deposit it in the tubes containing medium and mix it gently with the medium described above.
- Falcon sterile 50 ml conical bottom tubes
- the tubes are recovered in which a pipette is gently inserted up to the top of the "Ficoll / plasma" interface and the whitish layer located above the Ficoll is gently sucked in by concentric circles from the walls , then by describing "zig-zags" from one side to the other of the surface of the Ficoll.
- the aspirated medium is placed in 50 ml tubes, diluted in at least 3 times the volume of RPMI medium and mixed gently by inverting the sterile stoppered tubes.
- the tubes are then centrifuged at + 15 ° C for 10 minutes at 1800 rpm, with a slow deceleration mode.
- the supernatant is removed as above, the pellet is gently resuspended in 5 ml of "RPMI” medium with 15% SH and the resuspended cells are distributed in the bottles placed flat and barely raised. The suspension is immediately distributed, stirring each bottle flat. The centrifuge tubes are rinsed with 5 ml of "RPMI” medium at 15% SH, and the suspension is added and distributed in the two bottles, as before.
- all the media used for these stages are at 37 ° C. (reheated in a water bath). Once the bottles are closed, they are kept flat in a humid oven at 37 ° C with 5% C0 2 until the next morning.
- the cell suspensions thus collected 24 h after the cultivation are centrifuged at + 15 ° C for 10 minutes at 1800 rpm, with a slow deceleration mode.
- the cell pellet can be taken up in fetal calf serum with 10% DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) to be frozen at -80 ° C or in liquid nitrogen according to a procedure for maintaining viable cells.
- DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
- the corresponding supernatant is then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 30 min in order to remove the cellular debris, and the clarified supernatant is aliquoted, listed as a 24 h culture sample, ie Jl, then stored in the freezer at -80 ° C. .
- the bottles are taken out, the supernatant is gently aspirated, and, as before, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes in order to remove cellular debris.
- the clarified supernatant is aliquoted, listed as a sample after 3 days of culture, ie D3, then stored in the freezer at -80 ° C.
- the flasks are immediately filled with 5 ml of RPMI medium at 5% SH and replaced in the oven. From this moment, the culture medium contains only 5% of SH and this proportion will be used for all medium renewals.
- the media from the flasks are then removed, stored under aliquots of clarified medium of cellular debris, at -80 ° C.
- the supernatant thus collected constitutes the sample from which the gliotoxic factor will be separated, according to the technique described in patent application PCT / FR95 / 00178.
- Intraventricular brain injections The experiments are carried out on Lewis rats, adults (2 months), weighing between 200-250 g at the start of the experiment. The animals are anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg / kg) injected intraperitoneally. The injections of the toxic solution, 5 to 10 ⁇ g of active proteins in 5 ⁇ l of a sterile PBS (saline phosphate buffer) solution are carried out by stereotaxic methods, in the left lateral ventricle, (AP: 0.8, L : 1.5, P: 4). The injections are made using a micropipette (22 ⁇ m in diameter) attached to a 25 ⁇ l Hamilton syringe.
- Six control animals are subjected to injections under the same conditions with 5 ⁇ l of a sterile PBS solution, and are sacrificed at the same time. All animals receive a lethal dose of chloral hydrate (0.5 g / kg), then perfused transcardially through the ascending aorta with a solution of 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.12 M phosphate buffer.
- brains with cervical marrow are postfixed in the same fixative for one hour at 4 ° C, then cryoprotected in a 10% sucrose solution in 0.12 M phosphate buffer for 2 days, then frozen in isopentane cooled in the liquid nitrogen at -40 ° C and stored at -80 ° C.
- Slices with a vertical-frontal cryostat, 10 ⁇ m thick, serialized every 100 ⁇ m are collected on 1% gelatinized slides.
- an anti-glial acid fibrillar glial protein (anti-GFAP) monoclonal antibody (BOEHRINGER) diluted to 1/200 is used.
- Myelin is visualized by an anti-basic myelin protein antibody (anti-MBP) (BOEHRINGER) diluted to 1/500.
- anti-MBP anti-basic myelin protein antibody
- SEROTEC monoclonal antibodies diluted 1/500
- a rat anti-immunoglobulin antibody (AMERSHAM) diluted to 1/200 is used to visualize a possible rupture of the BBB.
- An anti-FVIII antibody is used to visualize endothelial cells.
- the sections are incubated with the primary antibodies at the concentrations indicated overnight at 4 ° C., they are diluted in PBS 0.1 M 2% BSA (bovine serum albumin), 0.3% Triton-X.
- the sections intended to be marked with anti-MBP are degreased beforehand in absolute alcohol containing 5% acetic acid, for 25 minutes at 4 ° C., then immersed in alcohol baths at 95 and then at 70 , for 5 minutes for each, and rinsed several times in PBS.
- the secondary antibody (anti-biotinylated mouse IgG, AMERSHAM) diluted to 1/200 is placed in the presence of the sections, for approximately 2 hours at room temperature.
- the sections are then incubated with the streptavidin-biotin / peroxidase complex (1/200).
- the peroxidase activity is revealed in the presence of its specific substrate H 2 0 2 and of DAB.
- Certain sections treated according to the TUNEL method will be counter-colored with 1 he atoxyline.
- results presented in this example relate to the observations carried out on rats sacrificed 10 days after the operation.
- the lesion is bilateral, and affects the distribution, orientation and organization of all of the rat's CNS astrocytes.
- Astrocytes show profound morphological changes which vary according to their location. The lesions will be described, starting from the periventricular spaces towards the subpial spaces.
- telencephalic regions by moving away from the ventricular spaces, in particular in the striatum, one observes GFAP cells of fibrous appearance densely nested one inside the other, forming nodules (Fig. 2B, 2C). These nodules are observed in all of the telencephalic regions;
- astrocytes presenting reactive forms, characterized by an enlargement of their somas and a thickening of their extensions, they are densely marked with GFAP and often have cell foci near certain vessels (Fig. 3C);
- the GFAP " * cells located in the deep layers lose their extensions and become scarce; in the surface layers, the astrocytes whose cytoplasmic prolongations orient themselves towards the pia normally have an abnormal morphology and an anarchic orientation (Fig. 4B).
- the distribution of astrocytes in control rats is normal and comparable to that described by Kal an & Hajos 1989.
- Astrogliosis, in controls without gliotoxin (that is to say to which a placebo was injected), is limited to level of the injection site.
- Fragmentation of cellular DNA induced by the toxic factor in the CNS of the rat (demonstrated by the TUNEL method)
- TUNEL + Cells giving a positive response in the method of TUNEL (TUNEL + ) are observed throughout the CNS of the rat. They are more frequent in the wall of the ventricles where they correspond to type cells ependymal (Fig. 5A). They are observed in the cerebellum (Fig. 5B), some are localized in the layer of grains (Fig. 5C), others in the walls of the blood vessels located in the subarachnoid spaces (Fig. 5D) and intraparenchymatous, and also in the choroid plexus (Fig. 5E). Some TUNEL " * " cells have fragmented DNA in their cytoplasm. Other TUNEL " *" cells are observed in the choroid plexus (Fig. 5F).
- GFAP 4 " cells are TUNEL 4" . They are observed throughout the CNS (Fig. 6A, 6B, 6C). TUNEL 4 " cells labeled with FVIII are also observed (FIG. 6D). It should be noted that the labeling of FVIII in this case is very weak. No case of DNA fragmentation is observed in the control animals. One or two 4 " TUNEL cells are sometimes visible at the injection site of the placebo solution. However, the presence of TUNEL cells " disseminated in the cerebral parenchyma is specific to gliotoxin 4 animals " . c) Opening of the blood-brain barrier A diffusion of immunoglobulins from the blood is observed in the cerebral parenchyma in all animals treated with the toxic factor. It is more marked in the periventricular spaces, around certain vessels (Fig. 7A, 7B). This phenomenon was not observed in the controls. d) Microglial-macrophagic reactivity
- the OX42 4 " cells have characteristic reactive forms, a distinction is made between branched and pseudopodic forms. They are more numerous than what is observed in the control rats (FIG. 8B). In certain regions of the brainstem and of the cerebellum, small foci of 4 " OX42 cells are observed (Fig. 9A, 9B). e) Toxic factor-induced demyelination in rats Demyelination areas are visualized by attenuation of the labeling of MBP in well-defined foci. These foci are very clearly observable in the brainstem as well as the cerebellar white matter (Fig. 10A). Cases of myelin degradation are also observed scattered throughout practically the whole CNS of the rat (Fig. 10B, 10C).
- CSF urine or monocyte culture
- MS patients injected into the rat CSF induces lesions affecting glial and also endothelial CNS cells.
- the toxic factor is probably distributed by the CSF which circulates in the ventricles, then in the ⁇ ubarachnoid spaces. It is absorbed by the arachnoid vessels, then the venous sinuses.
- TUNEL 4 " cells are located in the ventricular walls (ependymal type cells) and arachnoid vessels. Involvement of the ependymal cells would modify the interface between the CSF and the brain, which is likely to promote the formation of lesions in periventricular spaces In MS, lesion plaques are located near the ventricular system and are frequent around the venules.
- astrocytes The lesion affecting astrocytes is complex. A fragmentation of astrocyte DNA is observed suggesting death by apoptosis of these cells.
- Astrocytes induce the formation and maintenance of the BBB, through their perivascular cytoplasmic extensions (astrocytic feet), even if they do not constitute it (Stewart & Wiley 1981).
- the alteration of the perivascular astrocytes suggests a retraction of the astrocytic feet which can consequently modify the tightness of the BBB.
- the fragmentation of the DNA of cerebral endothelial cells suggests modifications of the intrinsic properties of these cells which could lead to an opening of the BBB.
- the detection of blood immunoglobulins in the rat brain is proof of this. It is possible that it is the morphological modifications of the perivascular astrocytes, which occur very early, which lead to the modification of the phenotype of the endothelial cells and therefore to the alteration of the BBB.
- Astrogliosis has also been observed near certain vessels and a very marked proliferation of fibrous astrocytes throughout the rat's CNS.
- Astrocytes, after stimulation, produce a variety of immunoregulatory molecules. They include IL-1 (Fontana & col 1982), IL-6 (Frei & col 1989), IFN-y (Tedeschi & col 1986) and also TNF- (Robbins & col 1987, Sawada & col 1989, Chung & col 1990).
- TNF- ⁇ is toxic to endothelial cells (Deguchi & col 1989, Ishii & col 1992). It has an important role in the progression of lesions in MS (Sharief & col 1991).
- TNF- ⁇ has a direct cytotoxic effect on oligodendrocytes and causes yelin destruction (Salt aj & Raine 1988). It induces proliferation of astrocytes in vitro (Barna & col 1990).
- astrocytes are found at the crossroads of inflammatory reactions. They represent the resident immunocompetent cells in the CNS (Fontana & col 1987). A primary alteration of the astrocytes in the lesional processes of MS could both destabilize the hoostostatic balance of the CNS, and trigger a cascade of inflammatory events which would lead to demyelination.
- Soluble factors of monocytic or lymphoid origin could alter the biological activity of astrocytes (Chung & col 1990) and induce cytokines, some potentially demyelinating.
- Acrophagic microglial proliferation was observed in rats treated with the toxic factor. This reactivity is observed in the form of OX42 4 " foci located in the white matter, and no longer in the brainstem.
- the activated microglia also produces cytokines, such as TNF- ⁇ (Frei & Fontana 1989, Hetier & col 1990), IL-6 (Frei & col 1989) et al.
- Macrophagic microglial reactivity has been described in MS and could participate in demyelination processes (oodroofe & col 1986, Esiri & col 1987).
- Demyelination is also observed.
- the demyelination areas are very clearly delimited in the brainstem and the cerebellar white matter. These aspects are very close to those observed in MS.
- the results obtained suggest that the toxic factor isolated from the CSF of patients MS induces large lesions in the CNS of the rat. These lesions are similar in nature and distribution to some of the lesions observed in MS, in particular demyelination, fibrillar astrogliosis, macrophagic microglial reactivity and the opening of the BBB with the formation of an edema objectified by the diffusion of intraparenchymal plasma immunoglobulins.
- a sample of purified gliotoxic factor is prepared according to the description made in Example 1 and in patent application PCT / FR95 / 00178.
- a series of female Lewis rats is selected according to the criteria described in Example 1. Thirty or more of these animals receive on day 0, a dose of gliotoxic factor by stereotaxic intraventricular injection, according to the protocol described in Example 1. On days 0, 1, 3, 8, and 10 (for example) after injection of the gliotoxic factor, they receive an adequate dose of a therapeutic agent such as Rolipram ® , 1 ⁇ interferon, 1 • azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, an anti-gliotoxin antiserum, or any other therapeutic means to be evaluated.
- This series "A” corresponds to sick animals (gliotoxin +) treated with an active product or process, and can be reproduced in several variants to assess a optimal quantitative and qualitative administration protocol among all variants.
- Brain histopathology (away from the injection site): - morphological and histological anomalies of the astrocytes (as described in the previous examples); DNA fragmentation (TUNEL positive technique) mainly in astrocytic cells, but possibly and in particular ependymal or endothelial;
- Therapeutic efficacy is demonstrated if a significant difference (reproducible in a number of statistically analyzable animals) exists between the frequency, intensity, surface area, summation, of the above-described anomalies observed in animals of series A ( gliotoxin " *" / active treatment) and those of series B (gliotoxin " * " / placebo treatment).
- the therapeutic efficacy is all the better as the difference between the observations reported in series A and those reported in series C, becomes non-significant according to the same criteria as above.
- EXAMPLE 5 OBTAINING SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES FOR ANTI-GLIOTOXIC FACTOR AND / OR DIRECTED AGAINST MOLECULES INDUCED OR MODIFIED BY THE EFFECTS OF THE GLIOTOXIC FACTOR Injection of gliotoxic factor (intracerebral, intraperitoneal, or PI, intravenous, or IV, intramuscular) or intradermal, or ID) to a series of animals according to Example 1.
- gliotoxic factor intracerebral, intraperitoneal, or PI, intravenous, or IV, intramuscular
- ID intradermal, or ID
- a fraction of gliotoxin is exposed to the various antibody suspensions according to an appropriate serological technique and the specific antibodies are revealed by a positive reaction.
- a source of recombinant gliotoxin or synthetic peptides derived from its sequence can be used for this screening.
- Tissue antigens The hybridoma clones of interest are subsequently cultured to produce monoclonal antibodies.
- Tissue antigens Tissue antigens:
- Serological tests can be applied to antigens extracted from the tissues of sick animals and compared with equivalent tissues from control animals to identify molecules induced or modified by the effect of the gliotoxic factor.
- These antibodies may have a diagnostic or even therapeutic interest.
- GFAP glial figrillary acidic protein
- Lumsden CE (1970) The pathology of multiple sclerosis. IN / P.J. Vinken and G.. Bruyn (Eds), Handbook of clinical Neurol. Flight. 19 North-Holland Publishers. Amsterdam, PP. 217-309.
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9532343A JPH11512623A (ja) | 1996-03-14 | 1997-03-14 | 多発性硬化症モデルとしての非−遺伝子修飾哺乳類 |
| EP97914408A EP0825811A1 (fr) | 1996-03-14 | 1997-03-14 | Mammifere non genetiquement modifie, modele pour la sclerose en plaques |
| AU21658/97A AU2165897A (en) | 1996-03-14 | 1997-03-14 | Non-genetically modified mammal as a model for multiple sclerosis |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR96/03417 | 1996-03-14 | ||
| FR9603417A FR2745974B1 (fr) | 1996-03-14 | 1996-03-14 | Animal modifie, utilisations et procede pour mesurer l'efficacite d'un procede therapeutique |
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| WO1997033466A1 true WO1997033466A1 (fr) | 1997-09-18 |
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| EP (1) | EP0825811A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH11512623A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2165897A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2221028A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2745974B1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2797402A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-02-16 | Biomerieux Stelhys | Utilisation d'un polypeptide pour detecter, prevenir ou traiter un etat pathologique associe a une maladie degenerative, neurologique ou autoimmune |
| WO2005067708A3 (fr) * | 2004-01-14 | 2006-01-05 | Daniolabs Ltd | Modeles d'animaux et utilisations de ceux-ci |
| WO2016022387A3 (fr) * | 2014-08-07 | 2016-09-01 | Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Of New York | Modèle de souris pour sclérose en plaques |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995021859A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-15 | 1995-08-17 | Bio Merieux | Facteur cytotoxique tel qu'associe a la sclerose en plaques, sa detection et sa quantification |
| EP0684310A1 (fr) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-29 | Bayer Ag | Animaux transgéniques déficients en protéine protéolipidique et méthode d'obtention de tels animaux |
-
1996
- 1996-03-14 FR FR9603417A patent/FR2745974B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-03-14 CA CA 2221028 patent/CA2221028A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-03-14 WO PCT/FR1997/000469 patent/WO1997033466A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1997-03-14 EP EP97914408A patent/EP0825811A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-03-14 JP JP9532343A patent/JPH11512623A/ja active Pending
- 1997-03-14 AU AU21658/97A patent/AU2165897A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995021859A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-15 | 1995-08-17 | Bio Merieux | Facteur cytotoxique tel qu'associe a la sclerose en plaques, sa detection et sa quantification |
| EP0684310A1 (fr) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-29 | Bayer Ag | Animaux transgéniques déficients en protéine protéolipidique et méthode d'obtention de tels animaux |
| EP0685558A1 (fr) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-12-06 | Bayer Ag | Animaux transgéniques déficients en protéine protéolipidique et méthode d'obtention de tels animaux |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| BRAITHWAITE, A.W. ET AL.: "The immunomodulating agent gliotoxin cause genomic DNA fragmentation", MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 24, no. 1, January 1987 (1987-01-01), pages 47 - 55, XP000602623 * |
| EICHNER, R.D. ET AL.: "Gliotoxin causes oxidative damage to plasmid and cellular DNA", JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (MICROFILMS), vol. 263, no. 8, 15 March 1988 (1988-03-15), MD US, pages 3772 - 3777, XP000602187 * |
| KRUM, J.M. & ROSENSTEIN, J.M.: "Effect of astroglial degeneration on the blood-brain barrier to protein in neonatal rats", DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, vol. 74, no. 1, 16 July 1993 (1993-07-16), pages 41 - 50, XP000602617 * |
| MASTRONARDI, F.G. ET AL.: "Demyelination in transgenic mouse: a model for multiple sclerosis", JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, vol. 36, no. 3, 15 October 1993 (1993-10-15), pages 315 - 324, XP002013715 * |
| RIEGER, F. ET AL.: "Un facteur gliotoxique et la sclérose en plaques", COMPTES RENDUS DES SEANCES DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES SERIE III: SCIENCES DE LA VIE., vol. 319, no. 4, April 1996 (1996-04-01), MONTREUIL FR, pages 343 - 350, XP000602023 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2797402A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-02-16 | Biomerieux Stelhys | Utilisation d'un polypeptide pour detecter, prevenir ou traiter un etat pathologique associe a une maladie degenerative, neurologique ou autoimmune |
| WO2001005422A3 (fr) * | 1999-07-15 | 2002-02-28 | Biomerieux Stelhys | Utilisation d'un polypeptique pour detecter, prevenir ou traiter un etat pathologique associe a une maladie degenerative, neurologique autoimmune |
| US7081345B1 (en) | 1999-07-15 | 2006-07-25 | Biomerieux Stelhys | Use of a polypeptide for detecting, preventing or treating a pathological condition associated with a degenerative, neurological or autoimmune disease |
| US7510843B2 (en) | 1999-07-15 | 2009-03-31 | Biomerieux S.A. | Use of a polypeptide for detecting, preventing or treating a pathological condition associated with a degenerative, neurological or autoimmune disease |
| EP2081028A1 (fr) | 1999-07-15 | 2009-07-22 | bioMérieux S.A. | Utilisation d'un polypeptide pour détecter, prévenir ou traiter un état pathologique associé à une maladie dégénérative, neurologique autoimmune |
| WO2005067708A3 (fr) * | 2004-01-14 | 2006-01-05 | Daniolabs Ltd | Modeles d'animaux et utilisations de ceux-ci |
| WO2016022387A3 (fr) * | 2014-08-07 | 2016-09-01 | Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Of New York | Modèle de souris pour sclérose en plaques |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2165897A (en) | 1997-10-01 |
| FR2745974A1 (fr) | 1997-09-19 |
| CA2221028A1 (fr) | 1997-09-18 |
| EP0825811A1 (fr) | 1998-03-04 |
| JPH11512623A (ja) | 1999-11-02 |
| FR2745974B1 (fr) | 1998-04-17 |
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