WO1997030308A2 - Safety device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a safety device housed in a casing and having an electrical energy source and at least one radiation emitter (24, 25) supplied by the energy source. Said safety device is arranged in such a manner that the energy source has an electromagnetic system (13, 14, 15) and a permanent magnet (16) which are co-ordinated with each other and arranged with respect to each other so that with a relative movement of at least one component of the electromagnetic system, e.g. the armature (16), and/or of the permanent magnet, a supply voltage for the radiation emitter (24, 25) is generated in the coil (14) of the electromagnetic system.

Description

 Safety device

The invention relates to a safety device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Previously known safety devices, in particular lighting devices that are carried by pedestrians or attached to bicycles and the like, are often battery or battery operated devices. On bicycles there are predominantly dynamogenerators as energy supply devices which are frictionally coupled to one of the wheels and are thus driven with muscle power. The drive of a dynamo complicates the drive of a bicycle, which is why the lighting system is often not switched on. The use of a battery for the energy supply of the safety lighting on the bicycle has not yet become very popular since batteries have to be replaced or recharged, which is cumbersome.

The object of the invention is to provide a safety device of the type mentioned at the outset which does not require an additional energy supply and in which no batteries need to be exchanged.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1.

According to the invention, the energy source can therefore have an electromagnetic system and a permanent magnet which are coordinated with one another and assigned to one another in such a way that when at least one component of the electromagnet system and / or the permanent magnet moves against one another in the Coil of the electromagnetic system, a supply voltage for the radiation transmitter is generated.

According to the invention, according to a first embodiment of the invention, the energy source for the radiation transmitter can be an electromagnetic system with a coil and an armature consisting of permanent magnetic material, which are assigned to one another in such a way that they move against one another or into one another when the device moves, and so on a voltage is induced in the coil which supplies the transmitter with current.

When the armature is immersed in the coil, a voltage of a first polarity is generated, and when the armature again runs out of the coil, a voltage of a second polarity is generated. The current or voltage curve is sinusoidal with changing amplitudes and frequencies, depending on how deep the armature dips into the coil and at what speed. Due to the resilient suspension of the armature or the coil, an optimal swinging movement of the armature relative to the coil is achieved. This gives the transmitter an oscillating mode of operation.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the coil can be fixed in the lighting device and the armature can also be movable as a plunger anchor. If the coil is provided movably, then special flexible lines have to be used between the coil and the fixed light source, which is somewhat disadvantageous. As a result, the coil is advantageously installed in a stationary manner.

The anchor can be moved vertically or vertically; then it is sufficient if it is suspended on one side by a spring. If the armature is to move horizontally, it is advisable to provide two springs and to suspend the armature between them. So that an optimal vibration behavior is achieved, the spring constant of the spring or springs is adapted to the mass of the armature in such a way that a resonating system is achieved. This makes the movements more uniform and the amplitudes larger.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the radiation transmitter can be a light source.

One or more light-emitting diodes can be used in a particularly advantageous manner as the light source; two light-emitting diodes are favorable, since one can be supplied with current by one movement and the other by the other movement of the armature.

It is also possible to use a rectifier and, if necessary, a smoothing circuit; then a constantly burning hand or flashlight could be generated by moving the lighting device. For safety purposes, however, a blinking or flickering mode of operation of the light source is more favorable.

The light from the light source can be diverted to the outside through transparent openings in the housing or via a transparent cover at one of the ends. Possibly. a reflective surface can be provided within the housing with which the light can be deflected in the desired manner.

Within the housing, the light source can be attached to a circuit board, which can be connected to the winding ends of the coil by means of suitable contacting means.

The lighting device according to the invention can be used wherever the body to which it is attached has an oscillating, rocking or shaking motion Movement. For example, the lighting device can be worn on the body of a person or on a bicycle; there is also the possibility of integrating the lighting device into a running shoe. It is known to insert a lamp into a running shoe; in the case of commercially available shoes, a battery was used as the power supply. If the lighting device according to the invention is now to be inserted into a shoe, the anchor must be aligned in such a way that it is aligned in the main direction of vibration of the shoe when running or walking. The lighting device can also be attached to a saddle of a riding horse or on a dog collar. The lighting device can also be used for buoys floating in the sea that move due to the sea waves. Likewise, the lighting device can be located on a rescue boat or on a life jacket. An application on a motor vehicle is also conceivable, since it always moves in accordance with the ground waves when driving on the road. In any case, this application would have the advantage that it is independent of the generator or the battery.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the magnet system can be attached to a base plate; the anchor is a hinged anchor which protrudes from a housing cover and can be actuated by pressing. Such an arrangement can be used in a shoe, and the folding anchor is actuated by stepping on the foot, that is to say when walking or running. The hinged armature is normally returned to its original position by the magnetic attraction; if necessary, a return spring can be provided.

The invention can also never be applied to so-called Chinese skaters or bicycles. With inline skaters, at least one magnet can be inserted in at least one of the rollers. sets his; Yokes are arranged on both sides of the rollers and the circle on which the magnet moves; the spool can be inserted in the holder of the rollers attached to the underside of the shoe body.

In bicycles, a disc can be attached to at least one of the wheels, to which at least one permanent magnet is attached. A U-shaped yoke with the coil is attached to the fork or frame in such a way that the magnets run past the pole legs of the yoke. The current generated in this way can also be rectified via a rectifier circuit, so that a constant luminous flux can be generated.

F (J _Γ special applications, in particular for the control of Elektroluminiszenzfolien it is particularly advantageous when the electromagnetic system having an E-shaped soft iron carrier, and a coil-shaped on a center yoke of the E-soft-iron carrier is wound, wherein the Perma¬ nentmagnet at a Leaf spring is mounted such that it is arranged deflectable in front of three poles of the E-shaped soft iron carrier.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, an electromagnet system which comprises a coil and a permanent magnet is attached to a frame for mounting rollers of an inline skate or a roller skate, the coil and permanent magnet being attached to a base plate, a yoke also penetrates the coil and is guided on the base plate side to the magnet, so that a U-shaped magnetic circuit is formed, ends of the U-shaped magnetic circuit being aligned with the roller and in the region of the roller which is at the ends of the U-shaped Magnet circuit passes, at least one magnetically conductive metal plate is arranged. Instead of being a light source, the radiation transmitter can also be a radio wave transmitter. The transmitter then emits radio signals that can be picked up by a receiving device. This can be used wherever light signals can often not be recognized, for example when animals are hunted and hit, namely when the projectile is equipped with a mini transmitter with the power supply according to the invention, so that the animal is then tracked can be provided that the animal is moving. Of course, the direction finder can also be used for other purposes. In this respect, the use cases are not limited.

The device according to the invention is used, for example, as a signal lamp on school bags, backpacks, winter sports shoes, riding saddles, vehicles, protective helmets, safety clothing, dog collars, buoys, boats, shoes, inline skaters, roller skates and walking, skiing, telescopic poles. The device according to the invention serves in particular as a voltage generator for charging batteries and for supplying energy to electroluminescent lamps on shoes and is used on forearm crutches and medical aids.

On the basis of the drawing, in which some configurations of the invention are shown, the invention, further configurations and improvements and further advantages are to be explained and described in more detail.

Show it:

1 shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the invention,

2 is a partial sectional view according to section line II-II of FIG. 1, 3 is a partial sectional view according to section line III-III of FIG. 1,

Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view of another Substituted _¬ staltung the invention,

5 is a sectional view of an anchor guide tube;

6 is a sectional view according to section line VI - VI of FIG. 7,

7 is a plan view of the arrangement of FIG. 6 with the cover removed,

8 is a partial sectional view through the frame of an Iniineskater,

9A and 9B are a top view and a side view of a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 10 is a partial sectional view through the frame of a

Iniineskaters according to a further embodiment of the invention and

11 is a plan view of the arrangement of coil and permanent magnet used according to FIG. 10.

Reference is made to FIG. 1. In one of two pot-shaped housing sections 11 and 12 placed against one another, which are connected to one another at their edge, for example glued, there is a stationary coil former 13 wound with a coil 14. In the coil former 13 engages a guide tube 15, in which a plunger 16 made of permanent magnetic material is displaceably guided and suspended from a helical tension spring 17, the other of which End is suspended on the end wall 18 opposite the coil 14. This end wall 18 is attached to the upper bottom wall 19 of the housing section 11. The end wall 20 of the guide tube 15 located within the coil 14 serves to limit the movement of the armature 16. Below the coil 14 there is a printed circuit board 23 guided in grooves 21 and 22, on which two light-emitting diodes 24 and 25 are fastened. The LEDs 24 and 25 are connected to the coil 14 via lines 26. In the lower housing section 12 there are two openings 26 and 27 which are closed by means of lens-like, clear plastic plugs 28, 29, if necessary.

The mode of operation of the invention is as follows: when the lighting device is moved up and down, the armature 16 vibrates, depending on the coordination of the springs 17 in relation to the mass of the armature 16 in resonance vibrations. The armature 16 is immersed in the coil 14 and thereby generates a voltage and a current in the coil 14, which are used to supply energy to the light-emitting diodes 24, 25. Depending on the connection of the light emitting diodes 24 and 25, the one light emitting diode is supplied with current during the immersion movement and the other light emitting diode is supplied with current during the immersion movement, so that a flashing or flickering way of illumination is generated. The grooves 21 and 22 are limited by strips.

1 to 3 is rectangular. It is thus possible to fasten a band 30 on one side with a Velcro fastener, with which the lighting device can be worn on the body, for example on a belt. One half of a Velcro fastener could also be fastened to the lighting device and the other half to a piece of clothing, a backpack, satchel or the like. In the drawing, the assignment of the lighting exit to the band 30 in FIG. 2 is correctly drawn. The assignment of band 30 to the direction of radiation is shown offset by 90 ° in FIG. 1 to illustrate the attachment of band 30. However, it is also possible in the embodiment of FIG. 1 to choose the spatial assignment of the band to the lighting exit according to FIG. 2. The tape would not be visible in FIG. 1.

4, a cylindrical housing 50 for receiving the lighting device is shown, on the lower end (in the drawing) of which a transparent cover cap 51 is screwed, which has a cone-shaped light guide formation 52 on its inside. The light-emitting diodes 53 and 54 emit downwards in the direction of the arrow P1, and the projection 52, which can be mirrored on the side facing the light-emitting diodes 53, 54, deflects the light outward in the direction of the arrows P2 and P3. The cover cap can be clear, transparent or opaque.

Fig. 5 shows an anchor guide tube 55 made of plastic, which is closed at its two ends 56, 57 and which receives the anchor 57, which is suspended freely swinging within the guide tube by means of two springs 58 and 59. On the outer surface of the guide tube 55 there are edge rims 60 and 61, between which the coil is in the fully assembled state.

The invention is described with the aid of a safety lighting device; the energy supply from the coil and permanent magnetic armature can also be used for other purposes, e.g. for the power supply of a radio wave or radio wave transmitter which is attached to a moving body.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 6 and 7. The device 70 shown for generating electrical energy has a rectangular base plate 71 which has a circular recess 72, into which a circular-cylindrical permanent magnet 73 is pressed. The base plate 71 is provided with two openings 74 and 75, of which the opening 74 receives a yoke 76, which is also pressed into the opening 74. The yoke 76 is surrounded by a coil former 77, which has two radial flanges 78 and 79, between which a winding 80 is arranged. An eccentrically arranged pin 81 protrudes from the outer surface of the flange 79 and engages in the opening 75. With the pin 81 and the yoke 76, the coil with winding is secured against rotation.

On the side facing the coil, the permanent magnet 73 has a straight edge 82. Covering the yoke 76 and the permanent magnet 73 is a hinged armature 83, which has a recess 84, formed approximately by a bend, with which the hinged armature 83 mounted on the permanent magnet 73 and can be pivoted about the tilt axis formed by the edge 82 and the recess 84. A type of double lever is thereby formed, one arm 83a of which covers the yoke 76 and the other arm 83b of which covers the permanent magnets 73. A pin 85 is formed on the arm 83b and projects on the side of the arm 83b opposite from the permanent magnet side.

The flange 78 also has a guide pin 86 which engages through a hole 87 in the arm 83a of the hinged armature 83 for guiding it.

The winding ends 88, 89 are soldered to terminal lugs or terminal pins 90, 91 attached to the outside of the flange 78. The entire arrangement is covered and protected by a cover cap 92, through the top 93 of which the pin 85 protrudes. A leaf spring 94 is attached to the inner surface of the upper side 93 and acts on the arm 83a and presses the hinged armature 83 continuously against the yoke.

If the hinged armature 83 is pivoted about the axis 82, 84 by actuation or pressure on the pin, the magnetic flux is interrupted and a voltage is induced in the coil with which light-emitting diodes can be supplied. If the pressure on the pin 85 decreases, the hinged armature 83 is brought into the starting position by the spring 94, in which the arm 83a lies against the yoke 76, the magnetic flux increases and generates a voltage of opposite polarity in the coil. With this AC voltage, two light-emitting diodes connected in anti-parallel can be illuminated.

One LED lights up when there is a load and the other lights up when there is no load. Possibly. several LEDs can be connected in series to enlarge the illuminated area. The advantage is that the lighting does not require any batteries.

This arrangement according to the invention can advantageously be inserted into a shoe sole of a shoe, and it is then put into operation when walking or running, and the light-emitting diodes are thereby illuminated.

Another application of the invention is shown in FIG. 8.

A frame 96 is attached to the underside of a shoe of an inline skater 95, on which a few rollers 97 (only one roller is shown here) are mounted. For this purpose, an axis 98 is provided which rotatably supports the roller 97 on the frame 96. To this extent, the arrangement is known per se. Within the frame 96 is a U-shaped yoke 99 7/30308 PCΪ7DE97 / 00247

1 2 is provided, the legs 100, 101 arranged so that they cover a _r part of the roller 97th On the roller 97, two permanent magnets 102 and 103 are arranged opposite one another parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller 97. A winding 105 is wound around the web 104 of the U-shaped yoke 99. There is an air gap between the rotating magnets 102, 103 and the two legs 100, 101. As soon as a permanent magnet 102, 103 reaches the region of the legs 100, 101, a voltage is induced, as follows: If a magnet moves towards the legs 100, 101, a voltage of a first polarity becomes in the coil generated; if the magnet moves away, you get a voltage of reverse polarity. This alternating voltage can be used, for example, to illuminate two light-emitting diodes connected in anti-parallel. Here too, the lighting area can be increased by increasing the number of light-emitting diodes. The flashing frequency is dependent on the speed of the rollers or the driving speed. There are roles in which spokes are provided. Then a magnet could be inserted into the space between the spokes. Of course, the magnet can also be completely cast into the roll. For reasons of balancing, at least two magnets are useful.

The invention is also applicable to bicycles. Here, a plate with magnets arranged uniformly distributed on the circumference of the plate is clipped into the area of the spokes, the central axis of the plate and the circle on which the magnets are arranged being aligned with the central axis of the hub of a wheel. A U-shaped yoke is attached to the fork or the frame of the bicycle, the leg ends of which are arranged at a distance from one another which correspond to the circular diameter of the magnets. A coil is wound around the bridge of the yoke. If a magnet now passes under one of the leg ends of the yoke, a voltage is again induced in the coil, with which a light-emitting diode can be made to light up. 9A and 9B show a further advantageous embodiment of a magnet system with permanent magnets for a safety device according to the invention. This generator converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. The generator essentially comprises a permanent magnet 116, which is mounted on a leaf spring 118 so that it can vibrate. The generator also has a coil 112. The coil 112 is wound on a central yoke 114 of an E-shaped soft iron carrier 110. Such a generator is installed in a shoe, for example, and generates electrical energy for a light on the shoe, for example for light-emitting diodes. Stimulated by Er¬ pour stanchions when running swings the permanent magnet 116 _m it its two poles in front of the three poles of the Weicheisen¬ carrier 110 and induced in the coil a voltage Wechselspan¬ that appropriate for driving of light emitting elements is usable.

In the case of shoes, in particular an electroluminescent film is used as the light source. This electroluminescent film requires an AC voltage with an amplitude of at least 120 volts. In conventional shoes which are equipped with such an electroluminescent film, this voltage is made available by means of special electronics by means of forming, the energy being supplied by a battery. In contrast, the generator shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B replaces the battery and supplies sufficient voltage to operate an electroluminescent film as the light source. The generator is preferably installed in the sole of a shoe.

10 and 11 show a further advantageous embodiment of the invention. In this application, an electromagnetic system 122, 124, 126, 128 is arranged on a frame 121 of an inline skater or a roller skate. The Electromagnetic system corresponds essentially to that in Fig. 6 and 7, but no tilt anchor is provided. The coil 122 and the permanent magnet 124 are fixedly mounted on a magnetically conductive base plate 126. The coil 122 is positioned by a yoke 128 pressed into the base plate 126. The magnet 124 is pressed into the base plate 126. The yoke 128 connects the coil 122 and the permanent magnet 124 on the side of the base plate 126 to form a magnetic circuit which, however, since no tilting armature is provided, is open on the side facing away from the base plate 126. Thus, coil 122, yoke 128 and permanent magnet 124 form a U-shaped magnetic circuit, one leg of the U-shaped magnetic circuit being formed by permanent magnet 124 and the other leg of the U-shaped magnetic circuit being formed by yoke 128 in coil 122.

This generator is installed on the housing 121 of the inline skate or roller skate in such a way that the end of the yoke 128 in the coil 122 and the end of the magnet 124, which form the legs of the U-shaped magnetic circuit, parallel to the running direction of the wheel or roller 120 lie. A plurality of magnetically conductive metal plates 130 are attached to one side surface of the impeller 120 at the height of the yoke 128 and the magnet 124. A small air gap 129 is present between the magnet 124 and the metal plate 130 on the impeller 120. When the impeller 120 rotates, one metal plate after the other moves over the magnet 124 and the coil yoke 128 and thereby increases the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit. If the metal plate 130 leaves this position again, the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit is reduced accordingly. These magnetic flux changes induce an alternating voltage in the coil 122, the frequency of which is proportional to the speed of the impeller 120. With this alternating voltage, for example, two light-emitting diodes (not shown) connected in anti-parallel can be made to light up. To enlarge the illuminated area, you can also several LEDs can be connected in series.

Claims

61 64 I l / os patent claims 1. A safety device housed in a housing with an electrical energy source and at least one radiation transmitter (24, 25) supplied by the energy source and possibly separated from the safety device, characterized in that the energy source is an electromagnetic system (13, 14, 15) and has a permanent magnet (16) which are matched to one another and are assigned to one another such that when at least one component of the electromagnet system and / or the permanent magnet moves against one another in the electromagnet system, a supply voltage for the radiation transmitter (24, 25) is generated. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnet system has a coil (14) and the permanent magnet is an armature (16) consisting of permanent magnetic material, the coil (14) and the armature (16) being assigned to one another, that they can be moved into one another when the housing of the safety device is moved, thus inducing a supply voltage in the coil (14). 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the coil (14) fixed in the housing (10) and the armature (16) is resiliently suspended in the housing. 4. Device according to one of claims 2 and 3, da¬ characterized in that the armature (16) is a plunger anchor which is immersed in the coil. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, _^ characterized in that the armature (16) is held by at least one spring (17), the spring constant of which is matched to the mass of the armature such that both move in resonant vibrations . 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, da¬ characterized in that the armature is resiliently guided in an anchor guide tube, which limits the armature movement and consists of non-magnetic material. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the guide tube has two edge rims, between which the coil is inserted, so that the coil body and guide tube are in one piece. 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, da¬ characterized in that the armature is suspended on both sides of a spring. 9. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnet system comprises a coil arrangement (76, 80) and a hinged armature (83), the coil arrangement (76, 80 ...) and the perma on a base plate (71) - Fixed magnet (73), which are covered by the hinged armature (83), which is rotatable about an axis running transversely to the connecting line of the permanent magnet and the coil arrangement, between the permanent magnet and the coil. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that an edge on the permanent magnet is the axis of rotation of the hinged armature (83). 11. The device according to claim 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the coil arrangement, the permanent magnet (73) and the hinged armature (83) of one with the base plate (71) fixed connected cover cap (91) are covered and that ara hinged anchor a projection (85) is formed which protrudes from the cover cap and can be actuated from the outside. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that a spring is arranged on the cap, which resets the hinged anchor against the yoke of the coil assembly. 13. Device according to one of claims 9 to 12, da¬ characterized in that the coil arrangement is fixed relative to the base plate against rotation on the base plate. 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the permanent magnet (73) in a recess of the base plate (71) is fixed. 15. The device according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that at least one U-shaped yoke with two legs (100, 101) is attached to the frame for storing rollers (97) of an inline skater, the roller (97) partially on both sides cover, and that at least one permanent magnet (102, 103) is arranged in the covered area of the roller. 16. The device according to claim 15, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that on the U-shaped yoke, preferably on its Bridge, a coil is arranged. 17. The device according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that a plate is attached to the spokes of at least one wheel of a Fahr¬ wheel in the region of the hub on which permanent magnets are attached to a circle, and that a U- on the frame of the bicycle shaped yoke is fixed with a winding, the leg ends are arranged so that they lie in the running area of the permanent magnets. 18. The device according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the electromagnet system has an E-shaped soft iron support (110) and a coil (112) which is wound on a central yoke (114) of the E-shaped soft iron support (110) The permanent magnet (116) is mounted on a leaf spring (118) in such a way that it is arranged so that it can be deflected in front of the poles of the E-shaped soft iron carrier (110). 19. The device according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that an electromagnetic system is attached to a frame for storing rollers (120) of an inline skate or a roller skate, which comprises a coil (122) and a permanent magnet (124) which both are fastened on a base plate (126) and that a yoke (128) penetrates the coil (122) and is guided on the base plate side to the magnet (124), so that a U-shaped magnetic circuit is formed, ends of the U-shaped magnetic circuit are aligned with the roller (120) and at least one magnetically conductive metal plate (130) is arranged in the region of the roller (120) that runs past the ends of the U-shaped magnetic circuit. 20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the radiation transmitter is a light source. 21. Device according to claim 20, characterized in that the light source has at least one light-emitting diode or electroluminescent film (24, 25). 22. Device according to one of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that the housing has a light-guiding device which conducts the light from the light source clearly to the outside. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the light guide device has at least one transparent housing section. 24. The device according to claim 23, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the housing has at one end a transparent Ab¬ cover, which may be associated with a reflective light-guiding surface. 25. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, da¬ characterized in that the radiation transmitter is a radio radio wave transmitter with an antenna. 26. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the radiation transmitter is a sound wave transmitter, preferably in the ultrasonic range.