WO1997010510A1 - Automatic laboratory machine - Google Patents
Automatic laboratory machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997010510A1 WO1997010510A1 PCT/EP1996/003272 EP9603272W WO9710510A1 WO 1997010510 A1 WO1997010510 A1 WO 1997010510A1 EP 9603272 W EP9603272 W EP 9603272W WO 9710510 A1 WO9710510 A1 WO 9710510A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- comb
- test
- reagent container
- laboratory machine
- laboratory
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00029—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor provided with flat sample substrates, e.g. slides
Definitions
- the invention relates to an automatic laboratory machine for carrying out test series with blood serum or blood plasma from patients.
- European Patent 0171 150 discloses a method and a device for test methods in which a solid-phase immunoassay is used for the qualitative and semi-quantitative determination of antigens or antibodies in the blood plasma or blood serum of patients.
- the solid phase can be designed in the form of a flat, rectangular or round sheet, a rod, a rod, a cylinder or preferably a comb, in which each prong carries an amount of the specific antigen or antibody, which is sufficient to detect, with the antibody to be detected or antigen responds.
- reagents required for the detection are arranged in a container in such a way that for each tooth of the comb a set of the reagents which are used successively in succession is provided.
- a prediluted sample of the blood plasma or blood serum is introduced into the 1st chamber of the test series using a pipette.
- a prong of the impregnated comb is immersed in this chamber, moved up and down several times to remove air bubbles and then incubated for one hour at room temperature;
- the washing process is repeated again in the 5th chamber for 2 to 3 minutes; the prong of the comb is then inserted into the 6th chamber for 10 minutes, in which the impregnated areas of the comb become visible through a staining solution if a color spot appears, if the detection is positive.
- test steps with such a test kit have always been carried out manually, although occasional falsifications of the test results were unavoidable because the monotonous manual work repeatedly leads to subjective errors and deviations from the prescribed test conditions.
- the task was therefore to automate the execution of the test in order to exclude subjective errors and to ensure reliable test results.
- a laboratory machine for carrying out test series in the blood serum or blood plasma of patients which has a test kit consisting of a comb, the teeth of which are impregnated with an antigen or antibody, and from a reagent container which contains all the reagents required to carry out the test in separate chambers, monitoring of the dwell times and movement sequences of the comb specified for the individual test steps in the reagent container using a computer-controlled sequence program.
- the laboratory automat contains a heating plate for the reagent container, which ensures that the reagents are kept at a temperature of about 25 ° C.
- the comb immersed in the reagent solution can preferably be hung in a pull-out fastening strip, which attaches the comb exactly over the Chambers containing reagents facilitated.
- the comb intended for the test kit normally contains twelve prongs, each prong being immersed in the six predetermined reagent solutions of the reagent container one after the other.
- the laboratory automat can be constructed in such a way that several reagent containers are arranged side by side on heating plates arranged in parallel, into which a corresponding number of impregnated combs are placed immersed at the same time.
- the laboratory automat according to the invention is represented schematically by the attached figures.
- Fig. 1 shows a front view of the laboratory machine, which has a stepper motor for the X-axis 1 and a stepper motor for the Z-axis 2.
- the stepper motors 1 and 2 drive guide shafts 3.
- the spindle 5 held by a spindle nut 4 enables the vertical movements of the comb 9 when immersed in the reagents and when they are subsequently removed from them as soon as the reaction has ended.
- the reagent containers 7 standing on the heating plate 6 are shown in FIG. 1 in such a way that a chamber 8 of a total of 6 chambers provided for receiving the reagents is shown.
- FIG. 2 shows the laboratory machine in a side view with the comb 9 immersed. It is fastened to the comb holder 10 which can be raised and lowered in the vertical direction by the stepper motor of the Z-axis 2.
- Fig. 2 shows the stepper motor of the X axis 1, the guide shafts 3, the reagent container 7 and the heating plate 6. Under the heating plate 6 there is a container for the electronics 12 required to control the laboratory automaton.
- FIG 3 shows the same side view of the laboratory machine with the comb 9 exposed.
- the laboratory automat according to the invention is connected to a control PC which contains the software required for the respective test. It is also possible to use a laptop or notebook with a standard electronics interface as a control PC. However, the prerequisite is always an IBM-compatible PC (from 386DX- 33MHz), a standardized Centronics interface and an operating system MS-DOS 3.3 or higher.
- a second automat can be connected to the control PC, which enables the same test program for up to 6 reagent containers, i.e. So for a total of 72 patients.
- Changes to the program sequences in accordance with the test kit required in each case can be carried out in the shortest possible time by appropriate software changes.
- the operator software is so simple that the user can operate the PC-controlled laboratory machine without any knowledge of Coiriputer.
- the software program is expediently designed in such a way that the system carries out a self-test before each start and only comes into operational readiness when the integrated thermostat has reached the required operating temperature.
- the control program ensures that the monitor shows when the laboratory machine has reached operational readiness.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
LaborautomatLaboratory machine
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Laborautomat zur Durchführung von Testreihen mit Blutserum oder Blutplasma von Patienten.The invention relates to an automatic laboratory machine for carrying out test series with blood serum or blood plasma from patients.
Aus der Europäischen Patentschrift 0171 150 ist ein Verfahren und ein Gerät für Testverfahren bekannt, bei dem ein Fest- phasen-Immuno-Assay zur qualitativen und semi-quantitativen Beεtimmung von Antigenen oder Antikörpern im Blutplasma oder Blutserum von Patienten eingesetzt wird. Dabei kann die Festphase in Form eines flachen, rechteckigen oder runden Blattes, einer Stange, eines Stabes, eines Zylinders oder vorzugsweise eines Kammes gestaltet sein, bei dem jede Zinke eine zum Nachweis ausreichende Menge des spezifischen Antigens oder Antikörpers trägt, der mit dem nachzuweisenden Antikörper oder Antigen reagiert. In einem einzigen Arbeitsgang können dabei so viele Patientenseren oder -plasmen untersucht werden, wie der Kamm Zinken aufweist, wenn die für den Nachweis erforderlichen Reagenzien in einem Behältnis so angeordnet sind, daß für jede Zinke des Kammes ein Satz der schrittweise nacheinander zur Anwendung kommenden Reagenzien vorgesehen ist.European Patent 0171 150 discloses a method and a device for test methods in which a solid-phase immunoassay is used for the qualitative and semi-quantitative determination of antigens or antibodies in the blood plasma or blood serum of patients. The solid phase can be designed in the form of a flat, rectangular or round sheet, a rod, a rod, a cylinder or preferably a comb, in which each prong carries an amount of the specific antigen or antibody, which is sufficient to detect, with the antibody to be detected or antigen responds. In a single operation, as many patient sera or plasmas can be examined as the comb has teeth, if the reagents required for the detection are arranged in a container in such a way that for each tooth of the comb a set of the reagents which are used successively in succession is provided.
Mit Hilfe eines derartigen Testkits lassen sich große Mengen von Patientenserien in Reihenuntersuchungen einfach und sicher auf das Vorliegen von Antigenen oder Antikörpern, zum Beispiel Chlamydien, Bakterien, HIV 1 oder HIV 2 überprüfen. Die Durchführung des Festkörper-Iπununo-Assays der beschriebe¬ nen Art führt jedoch nur dann zu zuverlässigen Ergebnissen, wenn die vorgeschriebenen Verweilzeiten der imprägnierten Kammzinken in den jeweiligen Reagenzlösungen genau festgeleg- ten Bedingungen entsprechen, wobei vor allem die Verweilzeiten und die Bewegungsabläufe des Kammes im Reagenzienbehälter sowie auch die Temperatur von etwa 25°C genau eingehalten werden müssen.With the help of such a test kit, large numbers of patient series can be checked in a simple and safe manner for the presence of antigens or antibodies, for example chlamydia, bacteria, HIV 1 or HIV 2. However, carrying out the solid-state immunoassay of the type described leads to reliable results only if the prescribed residence times of the impregnated comb teeth in the respective reagent solutions correspond to precisely defined conditions, the residence times and the movement sequences of the comb in particular Reagent container as well as the temperature of about 25 ° C must be kept exactly.
Folgende Testschritte müssen dabei durchgeführt werden:The following test steps must be carried out:
eine vorverdünnte Probe des Blutplasmas oder Blutserums wird mit einer Pipette in die 1. Kammer der Testreihe eingebracht. In diese Kammer wird eine Zinke des im- prägnierten Kammes eingetaucht, mehrmals auf und ab bewegt, um Luftblasen zu entfernen und dann eine Stunde bei Zimmertemperatur inkubiert;A prediluted sample of the blood plasma or blood serum is introduced into the 1st chamber of the test series using a pipette. A prong of the impregnated comb is immersed in this chamber, moved up and down several times to remove air bubbles and then incubated for one hour at room temperature;
nach einer Stunde wird der Kamm aus der 1. Kammer herausgenommen, anhängende Flüssigkeit durch leichtes Abtupfen auf saugfähigem Papier entfernt und in der 2. Kammer durch mehrere Kippbewegungen die Zinke des Kammes 2 bis 3 Minuten gewaschen;after an hour the comb is removed from the 1st chamber, the attached liquid is removed by lightly dabbing on absorbent paper and the tine of the comb is washed for 2 to 3 minutes in the 2nd chamber by several tipping movements;
- danach wird anhängende Waschflüssigkeit durch leichtes Abtupfen auf saugfähigem Papier entfernt und die Zinke in der 3. Kammer 30 Minuten inkubiert;- The attached washing liquid is then removed by lightly dabbing on absorbent paper and the tine is incubated in the 3rd chamber for 30 minutes;
nach 30 Minuten wird die anhangende Flüssigkeit wieder entfernt und die Zinke des Kammes in die 4. Kammer eingeführt und dort 2 bis 3 Minuten gewaschen;after 30 minutes the attached liquid is removed again and the prong of the comb is introduced into the 4th chamber and washed there for 2 to 3 minutes;
der Waschvorgang wird in der 5. Kammer noch einmal für 2 bis 3 Minuten wiederholt; die Zinke des Kammes wird dann für 10 Minuten in die 6. Kammer eingeführt, in der durch eine Färbelösung die imprägnierten Stellen des Kammes durch Auftreten eines Farbfleckes sichtbar werden, falls der Nachweis positiv ist.the washing process is repeated again in the 5th chamber for 2 to 3 minutes; the prong of the comb is then inserted into the 6th chamber for 10 minutes, in which the impregnated areas of the comb become visible through a staining solution if a color spot appears, if the detection is positive.
Bisher sind die Testschritte mit einem derartigen Testkit stets manuell durchgeführt worden, wobei jedoch gelegentliche Verfälschungen der Testergebnisse unvermeidlich waren, weil die monotone Handarbeit immer wieder zu subjektiven Fehlern und Abweichungen von den vorgeschriebenen Versuchsbedingungen führt. Es stellte sich deshalb die Aufgabe, die Durchführung deε Tests zu automatisieren, um subjektive Fehler auszu¬ schließen und zuverlässige Testergebnisse sicherzustellen.So far, the test steps with such a test kit have always been carried out manually, although occasional falsifications of the test results were unavoidable because the monotonous manual work repeatedly leads to subjective errors and deviations from the prescribed test conditions. The task was therefore to automate the execution of the test in order to exclude subjective errors and to ensure reliable test results.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß diese Aufgabe von einem Labor¬ automaten zur Durchführung von Testreihen im Blutserum oder Blutplasma von Patienten gelöst wird, der einen Testkit bestehend aus einem Kamm, dessen Zinken mit einem Antigen oder Antikörper imprägniert sind, und aus einem Reagenzienbehälter, der alle zur Durchführung des Tests erforderlichen Reagenzien in voneinander getrennten Kammern enthält, wobei die Überwa¬ chung der für die einzelnen Testschritte vorgegebenen Verweilzeiten und Bewegungsabläufe des Kammes in dem Reagen- zienbehälter mit Hilfe eines computergesteuerten Ablauf- programmes vorgesehen ist.It has now been found that this object is achieved by a laboratory machine for carrying out test series in the blood serum or blood plasma of patients, which has a test kit consisting of a comb, the teeth of which are impregnated with an antigen or antibody, and from a reagent container which contains all the reagents required to carry out the test in separate chambers, monitoring of the dwell times and movement sequences of the comb specified for the individual test steps in the reagent container using a computer-controlled sequence program.
Zur Sicherstellung der optimalen Reaktionstemperatur enthält der Laborautomat eine Heizplatte für den Reagenzienbehälter, durch die sichergestellt wird, daß die Reagenzien auf einer Temperatur von etwa 25°C gehalten werden.To ensure the optimum reaction temperature, the laboratory automat contains a heating plate for the reagent container, which ensures that the reagents are kept at a temperature of about 25 ° C.
Der in die Reagenzienlösung eintauchende Kamm kann vorzugs¬ weise in eine ausziehbare Befeεtigungsleiste eingehängt werden, die die Anbringung des Kammes genau über den die Reagenzien enthaltenden Kammern erleichtert. Normalerweise enthält der für den Testkit vorgesehene Kamm zwölf Zinken, wobei jede Zinke nacheinander in die sechs vorgegebenen Reagenzlösungen des Reagenzienbehälters eintaucht. Um in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang nicht nur die Blutseren oder Blutplasmen von zwölf Patienten, sondern ein Vielfaches davon untersuchen zu können, kann der Laborautomat so konstruiert werden, daß auf parallel angeordneten Heizplatten mehrere Reagenzienbehäl¬ tern nebeneinander angeordnet sind, in die eine entsprechende Anzahl imprägnierter Kämme gleichzeitig eintaucht.The comb immersed in the reagent solution can preferably be hung in a pull-out fastening strip, which attaches the comb exactly over the Chambers containing reagents facilitated. The comb intended for the test kit normally contains twelve prongs, each prong being immersed in the six predetermined reagent solutions of the reagent container one after the other. In order to be able to examine not only the blood sera or blood plasmas of twelve patients, but a multiple thereof, in a single work step, the laboratory automat can be constructed in such a way that several reagent containers are arranged side by side on heating plates arranged in parallel, into which a corresponding number of impregnated combs are placed immersed at the same time.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, zum Schutz vor Verletzungen durch die beweglichen Teile des Laborautomaten an seiner Frontseite eine durchsichtige Schutzklappe 13 anzubringen, die durch eine Lichtschranke gesichert ist. Wenn die Schutzklappe geöffnet wird, unterbricht die Lichtschranke sofort den Bewegungsablauf des Automaten.It is particularly advantageous to provide a transparent protective flap 13 on the front side to protect against injuries caused by the moving parts of the laboratory automat, which is secured by a light barrier. When the protective flap is opened, the light barrier immediately interrupts the movement of the machine.
Der erfindungsgemäße Laborautomat wird durch die beiliegenden Figuren schematisch dargestellt.The laboratory automat according to the invention is represented schematically by the attached figures.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Frontansicht des Laborautomaten, der einen Schrittmotor für die X-Achse 1 und einen Schrittmotor für die Z-Achse 2 aufweist. Die Schrittmotoren 1 und 2 treiben Führungswellen 3 an. Die von einer Spindelmutter 4 gehaltene Spindel 5 ermöglicht die vertikalen Bewegungen des Kammes 9 beim Eintauchen in die Reagenzien und bei der anschließenden Herausführung aus ihnen, sobald die Reaktion beendet ist. Die auf der Heizplatte 6 stehenden Reagenzienbehälter 7 sind in der Figur 1 so dargestellt, daß eine Kammer 8 von insgesamt 6 zur Aufnahme der Reagenzien vorgesehenen Kammern gezeigt wird.Fig. 1 shows a front view of the laboratory machine, which has a stepper motor for the X-axis 1 and a stepper motor for the Z-axis 2. The stepper motors 1 and 2 drive guide shafts 3. The spindle 5 held by a spindle nut 4 enables the vertical movements of the comb 9 when immersed in the reagents and when they are subsequently removed from them as soon as the reaction has ended. The reagent containers 7 standing on the heating plate 6 are shown in FIG. 1 in such a way that a chamber 8 of a total of 6 chambers provided for receiving the reagents is shown.
Fig. 2 zeigt den Laborautomaten in Seitenansicht mit einge- tauchtem Kamm 9. Er ist an der Kammhalterung 10 befestigt, die von dem Schrittmotor der Z-Achse 2 in vertikaler Richtung angehoben und abgesenkt werden kann. Außerdem läßt Fig. 2 den Schrittmotor der X-Achse 1, die Führungswellen 3, den Reagenzienbehälter 7 und die Heizplatte 6 zu erkennen. Unter der Heizplatte 6 befindet sich ein Behälter für die zur Steuerung des Laborautomaten erforderliche Elektronik 12.2 shows the laboratory machine in a side view with the comb 9 immersed. It is fastened to the comb holder 10 which can be raised and lowered in the vertical direction by the stepper motor of the Z-axis 2. In addition, Fig. 2 shows the stepper motor of the X axis 1, the guide shafts 3, the reagent container 7 and the heating plate 6. Under the heating plate 6 there is a container for the electronics 12 required to control the laboratory automaton.
Fig. 3 zeigt die gleiche Seitenansicht des Laborautomaten mit aufgetauchtem Kamm 9.3 shows the same side view of the laboratory machine with the comb 9 exposed.
Der erfindungsgemäße Laborautomat wird zur Durchführung der Testreihen an einen Steuer-PC angeschlossen, der die für den jeweiligen Test erforderliche Software enthält. Es ist auch möglich, einen Laptop oder ein Notebook mit Standard-Cen- tronics-Schnittstelle als Steuerungs-PC einzusetzen. Voraus¬ setzung iεt jedoch immer ein IBM-kompatibler PC (ab 386DX- 33MHz), eine εtandardisierte Centronics-Schnittstelle und ein Betriebssystem MS-DOS 3.3 oder höher.To carry out the test series, the laboratory automat according to the invention is connected to a control PC which contains the software required for the respective test. It is also possible to use a laptop or notebook with a standard electronics interface as a control PC. However, the prerequisite is always an IBM-compatible PC (from 386DX- 33MHz), a standardized Centronics interface and an operating system MS-DOS 3.3 or higher.
Als Erweiterung kann an den Steuer-PC ein zweiter Automat angeschlossen werden, der es ermöglicht, das gleiche Test¬ programm für bis zu 6 Reagenzienbehälter, d.h. also für bis zu 72 Patienten insgesamt auszuführen. Änderungen der Programmabläufe in Abstimmung auf den jeweils erforderlichen Testkit können durch entsprechende Softwareänderungen in kürzester Zeit durchgeführt werden. Dabei ist die Bediener- Software so einfach gestaltet, daß auch der Anwender ohne Coiriputerkenntnisse den PC-gesteuerten Laborautomaten leicht bedienen kann. Das Softwareprogramm wird zweckmaßigerweise so gestaltet, daß das System vor jedem Start einen Selbsttest durchführt und erst dann in Betriebsbereitschaft tritt, wenn der integrierte Thermostat die erforderliche Betriebs¬ temperatur erreicht hat. Das Steuerungsprogramm stellt sicher, daß auf dem Monitor angezeigt wird, wenn der Laborautomat die Betriebsbereitschaft erreicht hat. As an extension, a second automat can be connected to the control PC, which enables the same test program for up to 6 reagent containers, i.e. So for a total of 72 patients. Changes to the program sequences in accordance with the test kit required in each case can be carried out in the shortest possible time by appropriate software changes. The operator software is so simple that the user can operate the PC-controlled laboratory machine without any knowledge of Coiriputer. The software program is expediently designed in such a way that the system carries out a self-test before each start and only comes into operational readiness when the integrated thermostat has reached the required operating temperature. The control program ensures that the monitor shows when the laboratory machine has reached operational readiness.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU66593/96A AU6659396A (en) | 1995-09-15 | 1996-07-25 | Automatic laboratory machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29514819.5 | 1995-09-15 | ||
| DE29514819U DE29514819U1 (en) | 1995-09-15 | 1995-09-15 | Laboratory machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997010510A1 true WO1997010510A1 (en) | 1997-03-20 |
Family
ID=8013056
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1996/003272 Ceased WO1997010510A1 (en) | 1995-09-15 | 1996-07-25 | Automatic laboratory machine |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU6659396A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE29514819U1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997010510A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1983003677A1 (en) * | 1982-04-16 | 1983-10-27 | Boquet, Patrice | Analysis device for biological symbols |
| EP0171150A2 (en) * | 1984-06-12 | 1986-02-12 | Orgenics Ltd. | Method and apparatus for assaying with optional reagent quality control |
| FR2573872A1 (en) * | 1984-11-27 | 1986-05-30 | Orgenics Ltd | Method and system of apparatus for immunological assay (analysis) in the solid phase |
| EP0462794A2 (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1991-12-27 | Oxford GlycoSystems Limited | Automated process equipment for cleavage of biomolecules |
-
1995
- 1995-09-15 DE DE29514819U patent/DE29514819U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-07-25 AU AU66593/96A patent/AU6659396A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-25 WO PCT/EP1996/003272 patent/WO1997010510A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1983003677A1 (en) * | 1982-04-16 | 1983-10-27 | Boquet, Patrice | Analysis device for biological symbols |
| EP0171150A2 (en) * | 1984-06-12 | 1986-02-12 | Orgenics Ltd. | Method and apparatus for assaying with optional reagent quality control |
| FR2573872A1 (en) * | 1984-11-27 | 1986-05-30 | Orgenics Ltd | Method and system of apparatus for immunological assay (analysis) in the solid phase |
| EP0462794A2 (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1991-12-27 | Oxford GlycoSystems Limited | Automated process equipment for cleavage of biomolecules |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6659396A (en) | 1997-04-01 |
| DE29514819U1 (en) | 1995-12-21 |
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