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WO1997005977A1 - Procede et machine permettant de fabriquer des objets en forme de tige aux extremites plus epaisses, en particulier des boulons d'ancrage pour le beton - Google Patents

Procede et machine permettant de fabriquer des objets en forme de tige aux extremites plus epaisses, en particulier des boulons d'ancrage pour le beton Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997005977A1
WO1997005977A1 PCT/DK1995/000326 DK9500326W WO9705977A1 WO 1997005977 A1 WO1997005977 A1 WO 1997005977A1 DK 9500326 W DK9500326 W DK 9500326W WO 9705977 A1 WO9705977 A1 WO 9705977A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
die
blanks
shaping
cold
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DK1995/000326
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Laurids A. Jessen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU31614/95A priority Critical patent/AU3161495A/en
Priority to PCT/DK1995/000326 priority patent/WO1997005977A1/fr
Publication of WO1997005977A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997005977A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/44—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like
    • B21K1/52—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like double-ended, e.g. with heads on both ends

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of making rod- shaped objects having ends with increased thickness, such as set forth in detail in the preamble of claim 1.
  • heads on ordinary nails are nor- mally formed in a cold upsetting process, a piece of wire of suitable length being held between a set of jaws and acted upon by impact, thus forming the head.
  • the holding force of the jaws is very large, usually evidenced by the gripping marks found immediately below the heads on most nails.
  • the most commonly used anchor bolts for concrete normal ⁇ ly have a diameter on the shank of at least approximately 8 mm, and it will be obvious that if a head were to be formed on a blank with such a thickness in the same manner as described for nails, extremely strong and strongly supported jaws would be needed for holding the blank.
  • anchor bolts for concrete do, however, have a part with increased thickness in both ends, e.g. a "head” and a “foot”, respectively, and this fact is exploited in the present method, according to the invention being characterized by proceeding as set forth in the characterizing clause of claim 1.
  • the very large forces used for forming the thick end parts on the blank are directed in opposite directions and occur simultaneously, they will substantially balance each other out, so that the holding of the blanks may be replaced by simply guiding them in the longitudinal direc- tion.
  • the present invention also relates to a machine for car ⁇ rying out the method according to the invention.
  • This machine is of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 6, and according to the invention it is characterized by the features set forth in the characterizing clause of this claim 6.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an anchor bolt for concrete of the kind to be manufactured
  • Figure 2 in a diagrammatic manner shows the principle of carrying out the method
  • Figure 3 shows the most important parts of the machine seen from above in perspective
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of one of the holding-die halves that may be inserted in the die rings in the ma ⁇ chine shown in Figure 3,
  • Figure 5 shows a die recess, in which the holding-die half shown in Figure 4 may be inserted
  • Figure 6 shows an example of a shaping die, with which the ends of the blanks are worked in a cold-shaping pro ⁇ cess
  • Figure 7 as seen from above in perspective shows the bearing means for the processing rotors or rollers of the machine
  • Figure 8 likewise seen from above in perspective and from the opposite side relative to Figure 7 shows the drive means for said rotors or rollers.
  • Figure 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an anchor bolt 1 for concrete of the type, with which the present in ⁇ vention is concerned, and which in a known manner consists of a shank 2, one end of which is formed as a head 3, whereas the other end is formed as a foot 4.
  • the whole anchor bolt 1 is normally shaped with rotational symmetry about a longitudinal axis 5, even though other shapes are possible within the scope of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the principle for the formation of the head 3 and the foot 4, in the example shown divided into four stages I-IV.
  • stage I a blank rod 2* is placed in a holding die 6, in which it is held or at least guided during the three succeeding stages II-IV, during which the upper end of the blank rod 2' is subjected to a step ⁇ wise upsetting operation by means of a tool (not shown) so as to form the head 3 in stage IV, at the same time as the lower end by means of another tool (likewise not shown) is subjected to a stepwise upsetting operation so as to form the foot 4 in stage IV.
  • a tool not shown
  • the two tools mentioned but not shown are constituted by shaping dies placed in the periphery of two rotors or rollers adapted to rotate about axes extending at right angles to the plane of the drawing, this being the cause of the inclined end surfaces of the unfinished blank in stage II.
  • a cylindrical rotor or roller will impose a limitation on the maximum deformation, as the protruding ends of the blank rod will be subjected to bending, if the angle of entry at the start of the shaping process exceeds a certain magnitude of typically 12°.
  • the angle of entry depends on the length of the blank rod to be shaped and on the diameter of the rotor or roller.
  • the length of the part of the blank rod to be deformed depends on the volume of the head to be formed, but a small dia ⁇ meter of the rotors or rollers is desirable, as this reduces the forces involved.
  • the shaping die used in stage II may be set at an angle, so that the plane surface on the shaping die hitting the blank is not at right angles to the radius of the rotor or roller. In this manner, the angle of entry is reduced and the degree of deformation can be increased, making it possible to reduce the number of shaping stages or to reduce the degree of deformation and hence the force in the last stage.
  • stage III in which the blank is more resistant to bending, it is pos- sible to deform the end in such a manner, that the end surface of the head is again at right angles to the lon ⁇ gitudinal axis.
  • the inclined surfaces in stage II are due to the compensation on the shaping die with a view to reducing the angle of entry at a given degree of deformation.
  • the foot 4 is formed in the same manner as the head 3 by means of a tool, the force of which acts in the opposite direction, at the same time as and with a force of at least approximately the same magnitude as the force, with which the head 3 is formed, so that the forces acting on the blank will be roughly the same above and below. For this reason, it is possible to secure the holding die 6 by means of relatively "light” means, while the blank in principle "floats" between the two shaping tools, thus requiring no holding as such.
  • the at least approxi ⁇ mate equilibrium of forces is due to the use of a rolling process capable of being optimized in such a manner, that the two areas of deformation and hence the force are approximately equal.
  • Figure 3 shows the essential parts of the machine, with which it is possible to produce anchor bolts 1 of the shape shown in Figure 1 according to the principle illu ⁇ strated in Figure 2.
  • Figure 3 does not show the blank rods 2 ' , the more or less finished anchor bolts 1, nor the holding dies 6.
  • the inner die ring 9 has an outside diameter somewhat smaller than the inside diameter of the outer die ring 10 and is placed excentrically relative to the latter, so that when the two die rings 9 and 10 rotate about their respective vertical axes of rotation (not shown) , there will be a space between the two die rings on the right-hand side in Figure 3, whilst at the opposite side the two die rings will lie very close together or touch each other.
  • an upper rotor or roller 11 and a lower rotor or roller 12 are placed above and below the die rings 9 and 10.
  • the rollers 11 and 12 carry a number of upper shaping dies 13 and lower shaping dies 14, respec- tively, constituting the shaping tools referred to, but not shown, in connection with Figure 2.
  • the inner die ring is rotatably supported on an inner bearing disk 15, whilst the outer die ring 10 is rotatably supported on an outer bearing ring 16.
  • the inner bearing disk 15 is secured to a table top 19 by means of screws 17 and distance pieces (not visible)
  • the outer bearing ring 16 is elastically supported on the table top 19, partly by means of guide pins 20 carrying springs 21, partly by means of wedges 22 being connected to the table top 19 by means of springs 23.
  • the two rollers 11 and 12 are rotatably supported close to the upper and lower ends, respectively, of a pair of roller bearing uprights 24 and 25 extending both up above and down below the table top 19.
  • the inner die ring 9 is adapted to be rotated in the direction shown by the arrow 27, and during this movement, it will carry the outer die ring 12 with it, because the blank rods 2* (not shown) , having been inserted at a short distance upstream of the roller nip at the location marked 28, will co-operate with the holding die halves (not shown) placed in the inner and outer die recesses 7 and 8, re ⁇ spectively, so as in effect to couple the two die rings to each other.
  • the blanks may be worked batchwise in a number of turns, and if so, it is obviously necessary to insert the partly processed blanks, if these have been ejected after a previous turn, sufficiently far upstream from the roller nip for the distance between the die rings 9 and 10 to be large enough to allow them being in- serted.
  • multi-stage pro ⁇ cessing is carried out in continuous operation.
  • the machine is preferably equipped with sensors (not shown) for sensing the movements of the outer bearing ring 16. Such sensors may be used for sounding an alarm and/or stop the machine, if the outer bearing ring carries out movements possibly due to overloading, e.g. due to incorrect starting material or operator errors.
  • the outer bearing ring 16 may be trued up by means of suitable tools (not shown) that may be anchored in holes 30 in the table top 19.
  • the inner bearing disk 15 is rigidly secured to the table top 19, but in an embodiment not shown, the inner bearing disk 15 may also be elastically supported and adapted to co-operate with sensors in the same manner as described above with reference to the outer bearing ring 16.
  • each blank during a first pass is worked by a first pair of shaping dies, e.g. leading to a situation corresponding to stage II in Figure 2, during the next pass being worked by a second pair of shaping dies to achieve the situation corresponding to stage III in Figure 2, and finally a third pass with working by a further pair of shaping dies for achieving the final shape as indicated by stage IV in Figure 2.
  • each roller comprises twelve shaping dies, whilst the number of holding-die halves in the inner die ring 9 is twenty-three, i.e. one less than two times twelve. This means that for each two revolutions of the rollers, a relative displacement be ⁇ tween them and the inner die ring corresponding to one die interspace will occur. In this manner it is possible for a blank having been worked by a first pair of shaping dies during a first pass to go through a second pass whilst being worked by a second pair of shaping dies being neighbours to the first pair, and so forth.
  • the head 3 does not attain its full width until ⁇ tage IV. This fact may be utilized by placing the ejector disk 29 in such a position relative to the inner die ring 9 that it does not engage the heads 3 until these have attained their full width; in this manner it is ensured that the anchor bolts 1 will be ejected when they are finished, but not before.
  • the holding-die halves of which a single one 31 is shown in Figure 4, will necessarily be moved away from each other during the movement away from the roller nip, it is necessary in some way or another to retain the blanks in the holding-die halves in the inner die ring 19 with a sufficient force to prevent them from falling out.
  • Such retaining may most easily be achieved, if the blanks consist of ferromagnetic material, by embedding suitable holding magnets (not shown) in the holding-die halves in the inner die ring 9. If the blanks are not ferromagnetic, what e.g. applies to certain types of stainless steel, the retaining may be achieved pneumati ⁇ cally, e.g.
  • an upwardly facing surface in the holding-die halves 31 in the inner die ring 9 with recesses or projections, during the shaping process necessarily forming and engaging corresponding projections or recesses, respectively, in a corresponding downwardly facing surface on the blank.
  • a projection 3a is formed on the lower side of the head 3. This projection is formed by means of the recess 3la shown in Figure 4 being formed in the uppermost end of the holding-die half 31, this solely applying to the holding-die halves belonging to the inner die ring 9.
  • the projection 3a shown is wedge-shaped, but the projection may also be constituted by a character or sign, such as the manufacturer's logo, possibly in a simplified version.
  • Figure 5 shows a segment of the inner die ring 9 with an inner die recess 7.
  • Figure 6 shows an example of a shaping die 13 or 14 for insertion in a roller 11 or 12, respectively.
  • the shaft of this die comprises two pointed-screw recesses 34 adap ⁇ ted to co-operate with pointed screws with 90° points in the roller, the axes of which are offset toward the bottom of the bore, in which the die is to be inserted, so that tightening of the pointed screws causes the piston to be drawn inwardly into the bore, preferably against the action of a disk spring (not shown) , the latter when the pointed screws are unscrewed pushe ⁇ the die outwardly through a small distance, thus facilitating removal.
  • a disk spring not shown
  • Figure 7 shows how the two rollers 11 and 12 are rotatably supported. Since the two rollers are supported in sub ⁇ stantially the same manner, only the manner in which the upper roller 11 is supported will be described.
  • the upper roller 11 is supported in two bearing housings 35 with double-spherical bearings, so that they can carry both radial and axial loads.
  • the bearing hous- ing ⁇ 35 may be adjusted vertically with a view to adjust ⁇ ing the height of the roller concerned relative to the die rings 9 and 10 by means of slides 36 adjustable by means of spindles 37, of which solely the heads may be seen.
  • a main motor 39 which - depending on the diameter of the head and the foot of each anchor bolt to be made - may have a power in the interval 10-100 kW, drives a gearbox 40 secured to the machine's base plate 42.
  • the gearbox 40 is connected to two intermediate shafts 43, the latter driving the roller shafts (not visible in the drawing) through planet gears 44.
  • the intermediate shafts 43 have flexible couplings 45 of a known type with limited flexibility in order to allow vertical ad ⁇ justment of the rollers 11 and 12.
  • the planet gears 44 must also, of course, allow vertical adjustment of the rollers, and for this purpose, each of them is held against rotation solely by a holding plate 50, in a known manner co-operating translatably but non- rotatably with the machine frame, e.g. by means of a slot-pin combination.
  • the means (not shown) with which the blank rods 2 ' are in ⁇ erted at the place of in ⁇ ertion 28, may advantageously be controlled by a sensor adapted to be acted upon by the finished anchor bolts being ejected by the ejector disk 29. In this manner, it is pos ⁇ ible to avoid that blank rods are inserted - or rather attempted to be in ⁇ serted - into die ⁇ , from which the previou ⁇ workpiece ha ⁇ not yet been removed. Also with regard to these means, persons skilled in the art will be able to choose and/or design such means without further guidance from the pres ⁇ ent description.
  • the servo motor 38 referred to in connection with Figure 8 is advantageously controlled in such a manner, that when the shaping dies 13 and 14 come into contact with the workpieces conveyed by the inner die ring 9, the speed of the workpieces will be slightly lower than that of the shaping dies. This causes the frictional forces between the shaping dies and the workpieces to counteract a tendency towards bending the ends of the workpiece ⁇ oppo ⁇ ite to the direction of movement.
  • the arrangement can be such that the driving of the inner die ring 9 through the gearbox 26 is released a ⁇ ⁇ oon as the pair of shaping dies in question has begun to deform the workpiece, and to be re-established after the end of the deforming process, so that the next workpiece may be conveyed forward with the correct speed and position relative to the next pair of shaping dies.
  • the machine should be suitably encased in a known manner (not shown) .
  • This will, of course, also apply to the intermediate shafts 43 and pos ⁇ ibly the mean ⁇ (not ⁇ hown) for ⁇ upplying blank rods and removing fini ⁇ hed anchor bolt ⁇ .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé qui permet de fabriquer des objets (1) ayant la forme d'une tige allongée (2) d'épaisseur généralement constante dont chaque extrémité est pourvue d'une partie plus épaisse, à savoir une tête (3) à une extrémité et un pied à l'autre extrémité (4). Le procédé comprend les étapes a et b suivantes: a) on découpe un certain nombre de flans (2') à partir de pièces à usiner de forme allongée et d'épaisseur sensiblement constante, b) on soumet les extrémités de chaque flan à un procédé de façonnage à froid de manière à transformer chacune d'entre elles en une partie plus épaisse, à savoir une tête (3) et un pied (4). L'aspect novateur le plus important de l'invention réside dans le fait que c) sur chaque objet ou pièce à usiner, les parties (3, 4) à l'épaisseur plus importante sont constituées de façon simultanée en agissant sur les deux extrémités de l'objet dans des directions opposées tout en guidant celui-ci avec une liberté de déplacement sensiblement totale dans le sens de la longueur de la tige (2). L'invention porte également sur une machine à même de mettre en oeuvre le procédé.
PCT/DK1995/000326 1995-08-10 1995-08-10 Procede et machine permettant de fabriquer des objets en forme de tige aux extremites plus epaisses, en particulier des boulons d'ancrage pour le beton Ceased WO1997005977A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU31614/95A AU3161495A (en) 1995-08-10 1995-08-10 Method and machine for making rod-shaped objects having ends with increased thickness, especially anchor bolts for concrete
PCT/DK1995/000326 WO1997005977A1 (fr) 1995-08-10 1995-08-10 Procede et machine permettant de fabriquer des objets en forme de tige aux extremites plus epaisses, en particulier des boulons d'ancrage pour le beton

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DK1995/000326 WO1997005977A1 (fr) 1995-08-10 1995-08-10 Procede et machine permettant de fabriquer des objets en forme de tige aux extremites plus epaisses, en particulier des boulons d'ancrage pour le beton

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997005977A1 true WO1997005977A1 (fr) 1997-02-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1995/000326 Ceased WO1997005977A1 (fr) 1995-08-10 1995-08-10 Procede et machine permettant de fabriquer des objets en forme de tige aux extremites plus epaisses, en particulier des boulons d'ancrage pour le beton

Country Status (2)

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AU (1) AU3161495A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997005977A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105268905A (zh) * 2014-07-01 2016-01-27 Sms米尔股份有限公司 用于制造阶梯式的工件、如轴或杆的方法和镦锻装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3588933A (en) * 1968-06-19 1971-06-29 George J Shinopulos Method and apparatus for simultaneously upset forming both ends of a ductile material rod blank or the like
GB1459191A (en) * 1973-02-27 1976-12-22 Gkn Screws Fasteners Ltd Heading machines
US4505144A (en) * 1983-02-18 1985-03-19 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for simultaneous both-end shaping of workpiece
US5365765A (en) * 1992-08-05 1994-11-22 Gohl Allen P Method and apparatus for simultaneously upsetting the ends of a cylindricl blank

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3588933A (en) * 1968-06-19 1971-06-29 George J Shinopulos Method and apparatus for simultaneously upset forming both ends of a ductile material rod blank or the like
GB1459191A (en) * 1973-02-27 1976-12-22 Gkn Screws Fasteners Ltd Heading machines
US4505144A (en) * 1983-02-18 1985-03-19 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for simultaneous both-end shaping of workpiece
US5365765A (en) * 1992-08-05 1994-11-22 Gohl Allen P Method and apparatus for simultaneously upsetting the ends of a cylindricl blank

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DIALOG (R) File 350: Derwent World Pat., WPI Acc. No. 78-31631A/17, Acc. No. C78-A31631, Week 7817; & SU,A,555 962 (COAL PROD. MACH. CONS.) 06 June 1977. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 8, No. 230, M-333; & JP,A,59 110 446 (SUMITOMO JUKIKAI KOGYO K.K.), 26 June 1984. *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105268905A (zh) * 2014-07-01 2016-01-27 Sms米尔股份有限公司 用于制造阶梯式的工件、如轴或杆的方法和镦锻装置

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Publication number Publication date
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