WO1996036915A1 - Control device of mechanical-optical type for controlling an absolute coordinate of a cursor - Google Patents

Abstract

A control device of mechanical-optical type for controlling an absolute coordinate of a cursor includes a concave body, a group of grating pieces, a group of electro-optic elements and a sliding handle, etc. Its grating pieces are arranged in pair up with electro-optic elements, the grating pieces or electro-optic elements group are moved by operating the sliding handle, which enables the electro-optic transistors of the electro-optic groups to generate a series of action signals (1), so as to send out two dimensional signals representing X-Y axes displacement.

Description

 Vernier control device of mechanical-optical absolute coordinate Technical field

 The invention relates to a computer data input device, in particular to a positioning control device for a cursor, which can perform control of a two-dimensional position of an upstream mark of a computer display.

Background technique .

 In the conventional cursor control technology of a computer monitor, commonly used devices include a keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, a touch screen, and a light pen. These devices can control the cursor movement on the display screen and perform selected functions in computer programs. .

 However, when using a common control device to perform cursor shifting and positioning, it is inconvenient to live. For example, when using traditional keyboard shift keys, the cursor shifting efficiency is extremely low. When using a traditional mouse, , The mouse needs to be moved back and forth on the desktop, and the arm must be extended as the mouse is moved, and because the bottom of the mouse is detected by its roller ball and encoding wheel, its relative position, it will inevitably be used after a long time , Affecting the operability of its device.

 In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned conventional devices, absolute positioning type positioning devices have appeared, such as U.S. Patent Application Nos. 4,782,327 and 4,935,728. However, the structure design of these two previous patents is more complicated, and it needs to cooperate with complicated circuit interface to achieve the purpose of cursor control.

¾ Content

 Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide an absolute coordinate control device for the cursor displacement of a computer display screen, which controls the cursor on the display screen according to the operation mode of absolute coordinate movement.

 Another object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical optical absolute coordinate control device, which mainly achieves the purpose of vernier control by means of components such as a grating plate mechanism, a photoelectric group, a movable plate, and a sliding handle. The grating mechanism is arranged in a box body in the X and Y axis directions, and its photoelectric group is composed of a light emitting diode, a phototransistor, and a bracket. The relative movement relationship between the grating mechanism and the photoelectric group makes the The phototransistor of the photoelectric group generates a series of motion signals and sends it to the computer through the data transmission interface for two-dimensional shift control of the cursor of the display screen.

Moreover, the present invention is characterized in that two rows of grating plates are used, and the upper row and the lower row are displaced by a 90 degree angle. Therefore, in the production process, the focusing of the light emitting diode and the two phototransistors is very easy. And the borders at both ends can be directly From the arrangement of the movable gratings, the minimum (min) and the maximum (max) are directly discriminated, so the circuit flow is more neat. At the beginning of the operation, the starting point can be found at one of the four corners.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

 Other objects and features of the present invention will be illustrated by the following embodiments, and further understood with reference to the accompanying drawings, among which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection between a positioning device and a computer system according to the present invention;

2 is an exploded perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3A is a structural diagram of a grating sheet according to the present invention; FIG.

3B is a layout diagram of a light emitting diode and a phototransistor matched with the grating plate of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 3C is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement between the light-emitting diode and the phototransistor of FIG. 3A and the light-emitting diode of FIG. 3B; FIG. 3D is a series of signals generated according to the light-emitting diode of 3A;

FIG. 3E is a diagram showing a signal state generated by the signal of FIG. 3D;

4 is an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention;

5 is an exploded perspective view of a third embodiment of the present invention;

5A is a perspective view of a sliding handle of the present invention;

5B is a perspective bottom view of the sliding handle of the present invention;

5C is an exploded perspective view of a second photovoltaic group according to the present invention;

5D is a rear perspective view of a movable column according to the present invention;

5E is a front view of the movable column of the present invention;

5F is a rear view of the movable column of the present invention;

5G is a right side view of the movable column of the present invention;

5H is a left side view of the movable column of the present invention;

6A is an exploded perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

6B is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention after the combination is completed;

FIG. 7 is a control circuit diagram of the present invention;

8A to 8D are control flowcharts of the present invention.

Preferred embodiment of the present invention

First, as shown in FIG. 1, the positioning device of the present invention is connected to the computer 2 via a cable. The brain includes a display and a keyboard for data input. The positioning device 1 has a sliding handle 3, and the cursor position on the display of the computer 2 can be controlled by the two-dimensional shift operation of the sliding handle 3.

 FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the first embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, it mainly includes a concave box body 10, a movable plate 20, a sliding handle 3, a first photoelectric group 41, a second photoelectric group 42, a first grating sheet 51, and a second grating sheet 52. The first fixed grating sheet 56 and the second fixed grating sheet 57. The inside of the concave box body 10 provides a space for accommodating various components and a sliding space for related components. In the first photocell ϋ4, one light-emitting diode 411 is below, two phototransistors 412 are above and face down, and a first fixed grating plate 56 is spaced between the two. Similarly, in the second photoelectric group 42, a second fixed grating plate 57 is also interposed between the light emitting diode and the phototransistor. .

 A pair of horizontal plates 11 and 12 are formed on a corresponding side of the concave box body 10, and a concave portion 13 is formed at the middle of each horizontal plate. A circuit board 6 is also accommodated inside the concave box body 10. A common data transmission circuit (such as a commonly used RS232 interface) may be arranged on the circuit substrate, so that the positioning device of the present invention can transmit data with a computer. In addition, the box can be provided with control keys 71, 72 to perform functions similar to the control keys of a computer mouse. The first photoelectric group 41 is embedded in one of the pair of transverse plate recesses 13 of the concave box body 10 to detect the movement in the X-axis direction.

 The movable plate 20 can be slid in the direction of the arrow 211 between the corresponding horizontal plates 11 and 12 of the concave box body 10, and during the sliding, the first photoelectric device can be provided in the concave portion 13 of the concave box body 10. The group 41 detects its movement status. In addition, the movable plate 20 has a long guide groove 21 and a recess 22 at a middle portion of one side of the guide groove 21 for embedding the second photoelectricity. The group 42 and the second fixed grating plate, and the second photoelectric group 22 thereof are used to detect the movement of the sagittal axis.

 The present invention includes two grating plates. The first grating plate 51 is provided on one side of the movable plate 20. When the movable plate 20 slides, the first grating plate 51 and the first photoelectric group 41 A relative movement is generated, so the movement condition can be detected by the first photoelectric group 41, and a series of pulse signals are generated by the phototransistors of the first photoelectric group 41.

 The second grating plate 52 can slide in the direction of the arrow 311 in the elongated guide groove 21 of the movable plate 20, and the second photoelectric group 42 can detect its movement condition, thereby generating a series of pulse signals. .

In order to make the operation easier for the operator, the present invention has a sliding handle 3 which is convenient for the user to hold and control by the hand. In this embodiment, the sliding handle 3 is formed on the second grating sheet 52. A sliding handle structure suitable for the user to hold and control to control the movement operation of the second grating plate 52 and the movable plate 20 in the directions of arrows 311 or 211, respectively; a push switch is provided at the bottom of the sliding handle 3 31 is fixed by the fixing plate 32 and can be used instead "Enter" key function on the keyboard.

 The first photocell group 41 includes a bracket, a light-emitting diode 411, two phototransistors 412, and a first fixed grating plate 56. The fixed grating plate can be directly attached to the light-emitting diode. The light-emitting diode and a phototransistor It is correspondingly embedded on the two legs of the U-shaped bracket, and the phototransistor is above the light-emitting diode, and the grating plate is arranged in cooperation with the U-shaped bracket. Therefore, when the grating plate passes between the U-shaped bracket, That is, the movement of the grating can be detected by receiving or blocking the light between the light emitting diode and the phototransistor. In the embodiment of the present invention, the light emitting diode may also be a laser diode, and a fixed grating plate may not be used at this time.

 In this embodiment, the two grating plates are placed on the same plane and the same height, so the thickness of the moving structure can be minimized, and the light-emitting diode and the phototransistor can be placed parallel to the bottom to reduce the thickness of the package without affecting The phototransistor's light-receiving area, and the two grating plates can be moved on the same plane, so that the moving space can be reduced to the thinnest. It can be placed on a notebook computer, which is smaller than the product made in the aforementioned US patent. The positions of the two photovoltaic groups are fixed, while the two gratings are movable. '

 The first and second grating plates have the functions of light shielding and light transmission, and the conventional optically coded light transmission slot structure or printing method can be used to achieve the purpose of light shielding and light transmission. In the present invention, it is preferably formed by printing.

 In order to detect whether it is moving in that direction, the light-shielding section and the light-transmitting section of the upper and lower rows are arranged on the grating plate 51 (illustrated by the first grating plate), as shown in FIG. 3A In addition, the widths of the light-shielding and light-transmitting sections in the upper and lower rows are equal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees. The fixed grating plate 56 is formed by printing a thin transparent plate, the thickness of which is about one-sixth of that of a crystal. The fixed grating plate 56 has a light-shielding area and a light-transmitting area with the same width, and corresponds to the movable grating plate 51, so as to facilitate the parallel movement of light. The corresponding relationship between the light-emitting diode and the phototransistor (that is, the first photo-electric group 41) configured in accordance with the structure of the grating plate is shown in FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C. Therefore, when the grating plate and the photoelectric group are moved relative to each other, the light emitted by the light-emitting diode passes through the calibration grating plate, and then the grating plate as shown in FIG. 3A generates a light-transmitting or light-shielding signal. The corresponding sequence of signals XA, XB is shown, so that it can be known whether the moving direction is moving to the left or moving to the right according to the binary data, and a boundary value is generated.

 After receiving the aforementioned XA and XB signals, the computer can determine the movement direction X +, X- according to the binary value of the signals. Refer to the state diagram in Figure 3E, and then obtain Xmax and Xmax based on the signals of X + and X-. Xmin's board signal and temporarily stored in the recorder for interpretation of the control program.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, most of its structural configuration It is the same as the first embodiment, so similar components are marked with the same reference numbers. The structural design of this embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that the second grating plate 52 is provided immediately adjacent to the guide groove 21 of the movable plate 20, and the second photoelectric group 42 is slidably provided at The guide groove 21, so when the second photoelectric group 42 slides, its light-emitting diode and phototransistor can cooperate with the setting of the second grating plate 52 to detect its movement condition. In addition, in order to make the sliding of the second photovoltaic group 42 more stable, an auxiliary groove 23 is provided at the rear of the guide groove 21 of the movable plate 20, and at the rear end of the bracket of the second photovoltaic group 42 Corresponding to the auxiliary groove 23, a structure with auxiliary guide rails is provided to facilitate gliding, and because of sliding with the second photoelectric group, the movable stroke can be reduced by one-half.

 5 and 5A to 5H are exploded perspective views of a third embodiment of the present invention. In this implementation, a first grating sheet 51 is formed inside one of the wall surfaces of the concave case 10. The movable plate 20 can slide between the two side walls of the concave box body 10 in the direction of arrow 211. The first photoelectric group 41 is fixed at the side of the movable plate 20, and when the movable plate 20 is coupled to the concave box body 10, the first photoelectric group 41 corresponds to the position of the first grating sheet 51, so During the slippage, the movement state of the movable plate 20 can be detected by the first photoelectric group 41 to generate a series of pulse signals. In addition, the movable plate 20 has a long guide groove 21, and a second grating sheet 52 is formed on the plate surface of the movable plate 20 adjacent to the guide groove 21. When the second photoelectric group 42 is in the second grating When relative sliding is performed on the sheet 52, the movement status of the second photoelectric group 42 can be known, and a series of pulse signals generated by the second photoelectric group 42 are sent to the computer. The slider 3 of this embodiment directly controls the movement of the second photovoltaic group 42.

 In this embodiment, the two grating plates are placed on the same plane and at the same height, and the photovoltaic group can be moved on the same plane and at the same height, so the area of the mechanism is 1/4 of the U.S. patent, and can be at the minimum thickness. Reach the highest resolution.

 Fig. 6A is an exploded perspective view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 6B is a perspective view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention after the assembly is completed. In this embodiment, a first grating sheet 51 is formed on the inner side of one of the wall surfaces of the concave box body 10, and a second grating sheet 52 is formed on the other side wall at an angle of 90 degrees. Moreover, the first movable plate 20 can slide between the two side walls of the concave box body 10 in the direction of the arrow 211. The first movable plate 20-a first photoelectric group 41 is fixed at the side end, and when the first movable plate 20 is coupled to the concave box body 10, the first photoelectric group 41 corresponds to the first grating plate 51 Position, so when sliding, the moving condition of the first movable plate 20 can be detected by the first photoelectric group 41 to generate a series of pulse signals.

In the direction orthogonal to the movable plate 20, the second movable plate 2 (can be slid in the direction of the arrow 311 between the two side walls of the concave box body 10. The second movable plate 20'-side A second photoelectric group 42 is fixed at the end, and when the second movable plate When 20 ′ is coupled to the concave box body 10, the second photoelectric group 42 is a position corresponding to the second grating plate 52. Therefore, when the second photoelectric group 42 is slipped, the second movable plate 20 can be detected. 'Moving conditions, which generates a series of pulse signals.

 The first movable plate 20 and the second movable plate 2 (K are each formed with a long guide groove 21, 21. The sliding handle 3 of this embodiment can control the first movable plate 20 and The second movable plate 2 (T is combined with the movement in the X and Y axis directions by the movable column 33. It can be seen that the two sets of grating plates of this embodiment are still fixed, while the two photoelectric groups are movable The configuration of the entire space is extremely advantageous, and is only a quarter of the space of the aforementioned US patent case. Moreover, according to the technology of the present invention, it can be positioned at any one of the four corner ends, as described above. U.S. Patent 4,935,728 must be positioned at the four corner ends.

 FIG. 7 is a control circuit diagram of the present invention. In this control circuit, it mainly includes:

An X-axis ΑΒphase detection circuit 61 detects the displacement state of the X-axis grating plate by a photocell composed of an internal light-emitting diode and a phototransistor;

 — The Α-axis phase detection circuit 62 of the y-axis detects the displacement of the y-axis grating plate by means of a photocell composed of an internal light-emitting diode and a phototransistor;

An input button 63, including three buttons;

 -The main control circuit 64, which is used for control conversion of signals;

A voltage stabilization circuit 65 to provide the working power required by the main control circuit and other components;

 —Signal output circuit 66 sends the signal from the main control circuit to the RS232 interface as a standard RS232 signal specification signal. 8A to 8C are control flowcharts of the present invention, and FIG. 8D is; The control flow chart shown in Figures 8A to C is to set the RS232 transmission rate, start bit, end bit and length, reset the work area to zero, and clear all markers and recorders. Then, read in XA, XB, YA, YB, and compare the status table (see also the figure

,

The state diagram shown in 3E) finds the values of X + direction, X- direction, Xmax, Xmin, and values of Y + direction, Y- direction, Ymax, Ymin. These values are stored for comparison. After M: read in the values of XA, XB, YA, YB, it is compared with the previous state. If it is, then read back again to read 8, 8, ¥, ¥ 8. If not, the interpretation of the X-axis mode is performed first (such as the X-axis mode shown by the dotted line). In the interpretation of this mode, the previous states are compared with (0, 0), (1, 1), and (1), respectively. , 0), (0, 1) and other possible states. After the execution of the X-axis mode, the interpretation of the Y-axis mode is performed (the flow is the same as the X-axis mode). The timing interruption assistant office shown in FIG. 8D generates an interruption signal 10 times per second after the computer reads Xmax or Xmin directly from the active male, and then judges Y Axis mode, and finally returns.

 The above is only a description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Various other modifications and changes should still fall within the creative spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims defined below.

Claims

Rights request 1. A mechanical-optical cursor control device for absolute coordinates, used to control cursor positioning on a computer display screen, the control device includes:  A concave box body, in which a pair of transverse plates is formed on a corresponding inner side wall, and a 'recess' is formed at the middle of each transverse plate;  A movable plate can slide between the corresponding transverse plates of the concave box body in the same direction as the transverse plate extends. The movable plate has a long guide bar and is on one side of the guide groove. A recess at the middle of the side;  A first grating plate is provided on the movable plate and corresponds to a concave portion of the concave box body;  -Fixed grating, which is formed on the surface of the light-emitting diode or directly on the light-emitting diode;  The second grating sheet is on the same plane as the first grating sheet, and can slide in the guide groove of the movable plate in the same direction as the guide groove extends;  The first photoelectric group includes a light-emitting diode and two phototransistors, which are respectively embedded in the recesses of the transverse plate of the concave box body, and correspond to the first grating plate. By moving the movable plate, the first Photovoltaic group representative A series of pulse signals of X-axis displacement are sent to the computer;  The second photoelectric group includes a light-emitting diode and two phototransistors, which are respectively embedded in the recesses of the guide groove of the movable plate, and correspond to the second grating sheet by moving the second grating sheet. The second photoelectric group generates a series of pulse signals representing the Y-axis displacement and sends them to the computer; Computer Upon receipt of the signal of the photo group, based on the carry value of the other and discriminates a moving direction, and then according to the movement direction signal respectively obtained in the X-axis and Y-axis direction of the minimum (mi _n) and the maximum (max) value.  2. The vernier control device of the mechanical-optical absolute coordinate system according to claim 1, comprising a sliding handle, which is directly formed on the second grating plate to form a sliding handle structure suitable for the user to hold and control, so as to control The second grating plate is slid according to the extending direction of the guide groove of the movable plate, and the movable plate is controlled to be slid according to the transverse plate extending direction of the concave box body. 3. The vernier control device of the mechanical-optical absolute coordinate system according to claim 1, wherein the light-shielding section and the light-transmitting section of the upper and lower rows are arranged on the grating sheet, and the light-shielding and light-transmitting sections of the upper and lower rows are arranged The widths are equal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees. Therefore, when moving, the binary signals generated by the corresponding photoelectric group are used to determine the direction of the movement, and a boundary value can be generated. 4. The mechanical-optical absolute coordinate cursor control device according to claim 1, further comprising a first fixed grating plate disposed between the light-emitting diode of the first photoelectric group and the two phototransistors, and a second The fixed grating is arranged between the light-emitting diode of the second photoelectric group and the two phototransistors.  5. The vernier control device of the mechanical-optical absolute coordinate system according to claim 4, wherein the fixed grating has a light-shielding area and a light-transmitting area, the widths of which are equal, and corresponds to the light-shielding area and the light-transmitting area of the movable grating, to facilitate The directional light advances. . '  6. The mechanical-optical absolute coordinate cursor control device according to claim 4, wherein the light-emitting diode plane directly prints a light-shielding area and a light-transmitting area, the width of which is equal to and corresponds to the light-shielding area and the light-transmitting area of the movable grating sheet, Facilitates the advancement of parallel light.  7. A mechanical-optical cursor control device with absolute coordinates for controlling cursor positioning on a computer display screen, the control device comprising:  A concave box body, in which a pair of transverse plates is formed on a corresponding inner side wall, and a recess is formed at the middle of each transverse plate;  A movable plate that can slide between two corresponding transverse plates of the concave box body in the same direction as the transverse plate extends, and the movable plate has a long guide groove;  A first grating plate is provided on the movable plate and corresponds to a concave portion of the concave box body;  The second grating plate is disposed immediately adjacent to the side of the guide groove of the movable plate, and is arranged according to the extending direction of the guide groove; the first photoelectric group includes a light emitting diode and two phototransistors, which are respectively embedded in the concave type Inside the recess of the horizontal plate of the box body, and corresponding to the first grating sheet, by moving the movable plate, a representative is generated by the first photoelectric group A series of pulse signals of X-axis displacement are sent to the computer;  The second photoelectric group includes a light emitting diode and two phototransistors, which are respectively disposed in the guide grooves of the movable plate, and can be slid according to the extending direction of the guide grooves. By moving the second photoelectric group relative to the A second grating sheet, and a series of pulse signals representing the Y-axis displacement generated by the second photoelectric group are sent to the computer;  After receiving the signal of the photoelectric group, the computer judges the moving direction according to its binary value, and then obtains the minimum (min) and maximum (max) values in the X-axis and Y-axis directions according to the moving direction signal, respectively. 8. The mechanical-optical absolute coordinate vernier control device according to claim 7, comprising a sliding handle, forming a sliding handle structure suitable for user's holding control directly on the second photoelectric group, so as to Controlling the second photoelectric group to slide according to the guide groove extending direction of the movable plate, and controlling the movable plate to extend according to the transverse plate of the concave box body Slide in the direction.  9. The vernier control device of mechanical-optical absolute coordinates according to claim 7, wherein the grating plate is provided with two rows of light-shielding sections and light-transmitting sections, and the two rows of light-shielding and light-transmitting sections The widths are equal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees. Therefore, when moving, it can cooperate with a series of binary signals generated by the corresponding photoelectric group to determine the direction of its movement and generate a boundary value.  10. The mechanical-optical absolute coordinate vernier control device according to claim 7, wherein a rear side of the guide groove of the movable plate is provided with an auxiliary groove extending in the same direction to facilitate the sliding of the second photovoltaic group .  11. The vernier control device of the mechanical-optical absolute coordinate system according to claim 7, further comprising a first fixed grating plate provided between the light-emitting diode of the first photoelectric group and the two phototransistors, and a The second fixed grating is disposed between the light-emitting diode of the second photoelectric group and the two phototransistors.  12. The vernier control device of the mechanical-optical absolute coordinate system according to claim 11, wherein the fixed grating has a light-shielding area and a light-transmitting area with the same width, and corresponds to the light-shielding area and the light-transmitting area of the movable grating to facilitate The directional light advances.  13. A mechanical-optical cursor control device with absolute coordinates for controlling cursor positioning on a computer display screen. The control device includes:  A concave box body;  A first grating sheet formed on an inner side wall of the concave box body;  A movable plate can slide in the concave box body in the direction in which the first grating sheet extends, and the movable plate is provided with a long guide groove;  The second grating plate is disposed immediately adjacent to the side of the guide groove of the movable plate, and is arranged according to the extending direction of the guide groove; the first photoelectric group includes a light emitting diode and two phototransistors, which are respectively disposed on the movable plate; One of the plates corresponds to the first grating plate provided in the concave box body, and a series of pulse signals representing the X-axis displacement are generated by the first photoelectric group by moving the movable plate and sent to the computer;  The second photoelectric group includes a light emitting diode and two phototransistors, which are respectively disposed in the guide grooves of the movable plate, and can be slid according to the extending direction of the guide grooves. By moving the second photoelectric group relative to the A second grating sheet, and a series of pulse signals representing the Y-axis displacement generated by the second photoelectric group are sent to the computer; After receiving the signal of the photoelectric group, the computer judges the moving direction according to its binary value, and then obtains the minimum (min) and maximum (max) values in the X-axis and Y-axis directions according to the moving direction signal, respectively. 14. The mechanical-optical absolute coordinate cursor control device according to claim 13, comprising a sliding handle to directly form a sliding handle structure suitable for user's holding control on the second photoelectric group to control The second photoelectric group slides according to the extending direction of the guide groove of the movable plate, and controls the movable plate to slide according to the extending direction of the first grating plate of the concave box body.  15. The vernier control device of the mechanical-optical absolute coordinate system according to claim 13, wherein the light-shielding section and the light-transmitting section are arranged in the upper and lower rows of the grating sheet, and the light-shielding and light-transmitting sections of the upper and lower rows are arranged. The widths are equal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees. Therefore, when moving, it can cooperate with a series of binary signals generated by the corresponding photoelectric group to determine the direction of its movement and generate a boundary value.  16. The mechanical-optical absolute coordinate vernier control device according to claim 13, further comprising a first fixed grating plate disposed between the light-emitting diode of the first photoelectric group and the two phototransistors, and a second The fixed grating is arranged between the light-emitting diode of the second photoelectric group and the two phototransistors.  17. The vernier control device of the mechanical-optical absolute coordinate system according to claim 16, wherein the fixed grating has a light-shielding area and a light-transmitting area with the same width, and corresponds to the light-shielding area and the light-transmitting area of the movable grating, to facilitate Parallel light advance o  18. A vernier control device of a mechanical optical absolute coordinate system for controlling the cursor positioning of a computer display screen, the control device comprising:  —Concave box body;  A first grating sheet formed on an inner side wall of the concave box body;  The second grating plate is formed on the inner side wall of the concave box body separated from the first grating plate by a 90 degree angle; the first movable plate can slide in the concave box body in the direction in which the first grating plate extends. ;  The second movable plate can slide in the concave box body in the direction in which the second grating sheet extends;  The first photoelectric group includes a light-emitting diode and two phototransistors, which are respectively fixed at one end of the first movable plate, and correspond to the first grating plate provided in the concave box body, and the movable plate is moved by A series of pulse signals representing the X-axis displacement generated by the first photoelectric group are sent to the computer;  The second photoelectric group includes a light emitting diode and two phototransistors, which are respectively fixed on one end of the second movable plate and correspond to the second grating plate provided in the concave box body, and the movable plate is moved by A series of pulse signals representing the Y-axis displacement generated by the second photoelectric group are sent to the computer; After receiving the signal from the photoelectric group, the computer judges the moving direction according to its binary value, and then according to the The direction signal is moved to obtain the minimum (mill) and maximum (max) values in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, respectively.  19. The vernier control device of the mechanical-optical absolute coordinate system according to claim 18, wherein the light-shielding section and the light-transmitting section of the upper and lower rows are arranged on the grating plate, and The width is the same, and the phase difference is 90 degrees. Therefore, when moving, it can cooperate with a series of binary signals generated by the corresponding photoelectric group to determine the direction of its movement, and it can generate a boundary value.  20. The mechanical-optical absolute coordinate vernier control device according to claim 18, further comprising a first fixed grating plate disposed between the light-emitting diode of the first photoelectric group and the two phototransistors, and a second The fixed grating is arranged between the light-emitting diode of the second photoelectric group and the two phototransistors.  21. The vernier control device of mechanical-optical absolute coordinates according to claim 20, wherein the fixed grating has a light-shielding area and a light-transmitting area with the same width, and corresponds to the light-shielding area and the light-transmitting area of the movable grating to facilitate The directional light advances.