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WO1996036572A1 - Appareil de formation de fibres vitreuses synthetiques - Google Patents

Appareil de formation de fibres vitreuses synthetiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996036572A1
WO1996036572A1 PCT/EP1996/002066 EP9602066W WO9636572A1 WO 1996036572 A1 WO1996036572 A1 WO 1996036572A1 EP 9602066 W EP9602066 W EP 9602066W WO 9636572 A1 WO9636572 A1 WO 9636572A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
drive shaft
roller bearings
bearings
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1996/002066
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Flemming Weiss Tonder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rockwool AS
Original Assignee
Rockwool International AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rockwool International AS filed Critical Rockwool International AS
Priority to AU58967/96A priority Critical patent/AU5896796A/en
Publication of WO1996036572A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996036572A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
    • C03B37/05—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor by projecting molten glass on a rotating body having no radial orifices
    • C03B37/055—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor by projecting molten glass on a rotating body having no radial orifices by projecting onto and spinning off the outer surface of the rotating body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for the formation of man-made vitreous fibres by the use of one or more rotors which are required to rotate at very high speed.
  • roller bearings and roller bearings made of various materials.
  • roller bearings having cylindrical rolling elements made of hard ceramic material have been used in off-shore oil drilling apparatus. These bearings were large, rather heavy slowly rotating roller bearings.
  • EP-A-258845 describes a ceramic roller bearing for general use in high temperature environments. In this publication it is stated that they can be used at very high temperatures at which it is not possible to use a lubricant with the bearings.
  • roller bearings are described in which the cylindrical rollers may be made entirely of ceramic materials. It is suggested that the bearings may be components of apparatus for electroplating, alloy casting and furnaces for melting metal.
  • EP-A-477755 describes a ball bearing which is made entirely of ceramic material for exposure to temperatures above 500°C.
  • US-A-4770549 describes a ceramic ball bearing for long load life. None of these are lubricated.
  • MMVF man-made vitreous fibres
  • apparatus comprising one or more rotors which are arranged so as to be capable of rotating at high speed and throwing off radially in the form of fibres mineral melt poured on to the rotor.
  • Various types of apparatus are known. These include the spinning cup type of apparatus, often used for the formation of glass fibres.
  • Mineral or stone fibres may be produced using a single rotor system, where the rotor is rotatable about a substantially horizontal axis. Systems are also known which comprise more than one rotor.
  • the rotor or rotors are exposed to very high temperatures (the melt is usually above 1100°C) and are each required to rotate at very high speed.
  • Each rotor is attached to a drive shaft which is driven by an associated motor and which also must rotate at high speed. It is therefore necessary to provide bearings in the apparatus to take the rotating load and to reduce as far as possible friction between the drive shaft and/or the rotor and components of the housing in which the rotor is mounted.
  • Steel roller bearings have been used for this purpose.
  • Steel bearings tend to be rather large if they are to take the load effectively. They may also be required to be a considerable distance apart in order to bear the load effectively. These requirements, coupled with the necessity for keeping the bearings an adequate distance from the rotor itself, result in a rather large, heavy set of bearings and drive shaft. Steel bearings are also rather sensitive to the presence of contaminant abrasive particles in the oil lubricant. If such contaminants are present friction may increase significantly and the bearings may become susceptible to wearing. It would be desirable to provide an improved bearing system for spinners for making MMV fibres.
  • the invention provides an apparatus for the formation of man-made vitreous fibres which comprises a housing, a non-rotatable sleeve mounted in the housing, a rotor by which mineral melt can be thrown radially as fibres, a drive shaft within the sleeve and coaxial with the rotor and sleeve, an associated motor for driving the drive shaft, at least one set of roller bearings between the non- rotatable sleeve on the one hand and the drive shaft or rotor or both on the other hand characterised in that at least one set of the roller bearings is made of a ceramic material.
  • the apparatus also comprises water supply means which are arranged to supply water as lubricant to the roller bearings.
  • water supply means which are arranged to supply water as lubricant to the roller bearings.
  • a roller bearing we mean a rolling bearing in which the rolling elements are substantially cylindrical (rather than spherical) .
  • Ceramic roller bearings are capable of bearing very large rapidly rotating loads. In particular they are capable of bearing greater loads than are equivalent steel bearings. Furthermore, they are also generally lighter than steel bearings for bearing the same load.
  • the great strength of ceramic roller bearings means that it is possible to position them closer together on the drive shaft than is usually possible with conventional steel bearings. This allows for the provision of smaller, lighter drive shafts.
  • Ceramic materials can be considerably harder and more resilient than even hardened steel.
  • Steel roller bearings can be sensitive to particulate contaminants in the lubricant and can be worn down by these contaminants. Ceramic bearings are less sensitive and more wear resistant than conventional steel bearings. Thus ceramic roller bearings may have a considerably longer life than steel bearings. This can result in greater economy in the long term.
  • At least one set of roller bearings in the apparatus is made of the ceramic material.
  • the or each drive shaft and rotor may be supported by a single set of roller bearings.
  • at least one set of roller bearings in the apparatus is made of ceramic material, and preferably all sets of roller bearings are made of ceramic materials.
  • each drive shaft and rotor is supported by two sets of roller bearings.
  • at least one set of bearings in the apparatus is made of ceramic material.
  • each drive shaft and rotor is supported by at least one set of ceramic bearings.
  • Most preferably all sets of roller bearings are made of ceramic material.
  • the set nearer to the rotor is known as the axial bearing and the set further from the rotor is known as the radial bearing.
  • one set of bearings may be situated between the rotor and the non- rotatable sleeve, for instance surrounding the sleeve.
  • at least one set of the roller bearings, and preferably each set of the roller bearings is situated between the drive shaft and the non-rotatable sleeve, i.e. internal of the sleeve.
  • the set of bearings at the rotor end of the shaft can be positioned within the volume prescribed by rotation of the rotor.
  • the rotor may be cup shaped with the open end of the cup facing towards the motor and with the shaft and sleeve passing through the open end of the cup, with the ceramic bearing between the sleeve and the cup walls or between the sleeve and the shaft at a position between the base of the cup and the end of the cup facing the motor.
  • Such a location of conventional bearings is shown in EP-A-347418.
  • the ceramic bearing adjacent the rotor is positioned wholly on the motor side of the rotor, so that if the rotor is cup shaped the bearing is preferably located wholly on the motor side of the cup.
  • a further set (radial bearing) of ceramic roller bearings is situated between the drive shaft and the non-rotatable sleeve at a position distant from the rotor and is generally positioned adjacent the motor.
  • the roller bearings may be supplied in any shape conventional for such bearings. They usually have an external substantially annular race fixed relative to the non-rotatable sleeve, a series of cylindrical rollers which contact the external race and a further internal substantially annular race fixed with respect to the drive shaft or rotor.
  • the bearings may also include one or more flanges attached to either or both races. Where an axial and a radial set of bearings are used, the axial bearing preferably comprises two cylindrical flanges, one attached to each of the external and internal races.
  • the ceramic roller bearings in the apparatus of the invention usefully have an axial length of between 25 and 100mm, often between 30 and 70mm, preferably 30 to 50mm. Their diameter may be between 60 and 200mm, often between 70 and 160mm, preferably 80 to 140mm. Such a size is particularly appropriate where the apparatus is a multi- rotor cascade spinner apparatus.
  • the length of a single rotor unit (comprising a rotor, drive shaft and non-rotatable sleeve) may be reduced by up to half where the bearings are ceramic roller bearings, in comparison with an equivalent rotor unit in which the bearings are steel bearings.
  • the length of a rotor unit in a multiple rotor cascade spinner apparatus according to the invention may be for instance below 1 metre, often below 70cm.
  • the roller bearings made of ceramic material are preferably lubricated with water.
  • the apparatus of the invention preferably includes means for supplying water as lubricant to the bearings. More preferably these water supply means include means for supplying cooling water to the or each rotor and means for diverting some or all of this to the ceramic roller bearings for use as lubricant.
  • the drive shaft and rotor each have a hollow centre through which water may be caused to flow during use of the apparatus so as to cool the drive shaft and rotor. Water may be diverted from this flow and caused to pass through the bearings and subsequently rejoin the flow of cooling water.
  • a single set of ceramic roller bearings may be lubricated with amounts of water of from 50 to 500 1/hr, preferably 100 to 300 1/hr, more preferably 110 to 220 1/hr.
  • the lubricating water is supplied in bulk liquid form. It is also possible to supply lubricating water in atomised form. Use of atomised lubricating water can allow use of much lower amounts of lubricant, for instance from 0.5 to 2 1/hr, often 0.5 to 11/hr lubricant.
  • the supply of water to be atomised may include an aqueous phase'only.
  • it may be a water-in-oil emulsion which is atomised and subsequently supplied to the ceramic roller bearings.
  • Equipment of this type may be used to supply atomised water, in particular atomised water-in-oil emulsions.
  • the apparatus of the invention may be any apparatus having at least one rotor which is used for the production of MMVF fibre.
  • the shaft may be vertical or horizontal.
  • the rotor can be mounted on a substantially vertical shaft and can be a spinning cup, for instance for the production of glass or stone wool.
  • the invention has the advantage that the bearings may be placed closer to the rotor than has been usual in the past. This is particularly advantageous for the production of stone wool using a vertical-shaft rotor such as a spinning cup, since stone wool melts tend to be spun at a temperature of around 1,400°C. Ceramic bearings are especially useful at temperatures approaching this.
  • the apparatus may alternatively be an apparatus suitable for the production of stone wool fibres which includes a single rotor which is rotatable about a substantially horizontal axis.
  • it comprises a series of rotors arranged in cascade formation, for instance for the production of stone wool.
  • the apparatus comprises a first rotor rotatable about a substantially horizontal axis and at least 1, usually 2 or 3 subsequent rotors.
  • at least 1 rotor, and preferably all, of the rotors are as defined in the invention.
  • the motor associated with the drive shaft may be connected to the drive shaft by a belt system.
  • the motor itself is placed to the side of the drive shaft such as described in US-A-2678466.
  • the motor is provided co-axial with the drive shaft and rotor, as described in EP-A-347418.
  • Ceramic materials suitable for production of the at least one ro ⁇ ler bearing in the apparatus of the invention include those based on silicon nitride, silicon carbide, Sialon, alumina, partially stabilised zirconia (PSZ) , tetragonial zirconia polycrystal (TZP) and any other material from the class known as "construction ceramics". These materials are sintered, preferably under pressure at high temperature. Alternatively they may be sintered at ambient pressure. Suitable materials may be added as sintering aids, for instance alumina or any aluminium compound which converts to the oxide on heating, for instance aluminium nitride.
  • sintering aids include magnesia, spinel, garnet, titania, zirconia, molybdenum carbide and rare earth metal oxides such as yttria. These are particularly preferred as sintering aids where the ceramic is based on silicon nitride.
  • Other sintering aids include elemental boron, carbon and aluminium, which are particularly preferred where the ceramic is based on silicon carbide. In the present apparatus preferred ceramics are based on zirconia stabilised with yttria or silicon nitride.
  • the bearings may be formed from previously formed and sintered material. Alternatively they may be formed and sintered directly into the shape required for the bearings. Formation of the ceramic material is done in any conventional manner.
  • the ceramic bearings are made of a material having a Vickers hardness of at least 7 GPa, more preferably at least 10 GPa, most preferably at least 12 GPa.
  • the ceramic material should be able to withstand extended exposure to high temperatures, for instance 500°C or higher, often 1,000°C or 1,400°C or higher. In some cases, for instance for certain materials, it is desirable to use a low-oxygen atmosphere when the ceramic bearings are subjected to particularly high temperatures, such as approaching 1,400°C.
  • the material has a 3-point bend strength of at least 170' MPa, more preferably at least 300 MPa.
  • 3- point bend strength is a standard parameter of ceramic material and may be tested using conventional apparatus, for instance as described by David W Richerson in "Modern Ceramic Engineering:Properties, Processing and Use in Design” (Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1992) in Chapter 5 at pages 179-183.
  • a single rotor and drive shaft is illustrated in the figure.
  • the rotor 1 is attached to a drive shaft 2. Both are housed within a housing (not shown) .
  • This housing contains a non-rotatable sleeve 3.
  • the drive shaft is driven by a coaxial motor 4.
  • the drive shaft and rotor are supported by two sets 5 and 6 of roller bearings made of ceramic material placed between the drive shaft and the non-rotatable sleeve 3.
  • the axial set 5 of roller bearings is positioned between the non-rotatable sleeve and the drive shaft adjacent to the rotor on the motor side of the rotor.
  • the second, radial set 6 of roller bearings is placed between the drive shaft and the non-rotatable sleeve a distance from the rotor between the rotor and the motor.
  • the ceramic material is Zyazirk Z105, a ceramic based on zirconium oxide containing 10.5% Y 2 0 3 . It has Vickers hardness 17 GPa and a 3-point bend strength 276 MPa. It is available from Dukadan, a Danish Company.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de formation de fibres vitreuses synthétiques, comprenant un carter, un manchon (3) non rotatif monté dans le carter, un rotor (1) grâce auquel le bain de fusion minéral peut être projeté radialement sous forme de fibres, un arbre (2) d'entraînement placé dans le manchon et ayant le même axe que le rotor et le manchon, un moteur (4) associé destiné à entraîner l'arbre, ainsi qu'au moins un ensemble (5, 6) de roulement à rouleaux placé entre le manchon non rotatif, d'une part, et l'arbre ou le rotor d'autre part, l'un au moins de ces ensembles étant en matériau céramique. De tels matériaux sont avantageux en ce qu'ils peuvent supporter notamment des températures élevées et peuvent être lubrifiés avec de l'eau.
PCT/EP1996/002066 1995-05-15 1996-05-14 Appareil de formation de fibres vitreuses synthetiques Ceased WO1996036572A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU58967/96A AU5896796A (en) 1995-05-15 1996-05-14 Apparatus for the formation of man-made vitreous fibres

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9509781.2 1995-05-15
GBGB9509781.2A GB9509781D0 (en) 1995-05-15 1995-05-15 Apparatus for the formation of man-made vitreous fibres

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996036572A1 true WO1996036572A1 (fr) 1996-11-21

Family

ID=10774477

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1996/002066 Ceased WO1996036572A1 (fr) 1995-05-15 1996-05-14 Appareil de formation de fibres vitreuses synthetiques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5896796A (fr)
GB (1) GB9509781D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996036572A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2839319A1 (fr) * 2002-05-06 2003-11-07 Erem Broches grandes vitesses pour machine de fibrage de laine minerale

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB961900A (fr) * 1962-08-21
US2992453A (en) * 1959-08-24 1961-07-18 Better Ind Inc Apparatus for producing fibers from molten material
US3233989A (en) * 1961-03-31 1966-02-08 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for forming fibers
EP0158901A1 (fr) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-23 Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. Ensemble palier pour pièce rotative
EP0258845A2 (fr) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Nagano Keiki Seisakusho Palier céramique
WO1988006146A1 (fr) * 1987-02-20 1988-08-25 Oy Partek Ab Centrifugeuse pour laine minerale
US4770549A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-09-13 Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. Ceramics bearing
EP0477755A1 (fr) * 1990-09-18 1992-04-01 Norton Company Structure composite céramique, et son utilisation dans un palier

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2992453A (en) * 1959-08-24 1961-07-18 Better Ind Inc Apparatus for producing fibers from molten material
US3233989A (en) * 1961-03-31 1966-02-08 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for forming fibers
GB961900A (fr) * 1962-08-21
EP0158901A1 (fr) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-23 Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. Ensemble palier pour pièce rotative
US4770549A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-09-13 Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. Ceramics bearing
EP0258845A2 (fr) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Nagano Keiki Seisakusho Palier céramique
WO1988006146A1 (fr) * 1987-02-20 1988-08-25 Oy Partek Ab Centrifugeuse pour laine minerale
EP0477755A1 (fr) * 1990-09-18 1992-04-01 Norton Company Structure composite céramique, et son utilisation dans un palier

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2839319A1 (fr) * 2002-05-06 2003-11-07 Erem Broches grandes vitesses pour machine de fibrage de laine minerale
WO2003095720A1 (fr) * 2002-05-06 2003-11-20 Erem Broche grandes vitesses pour machine de fibrage de laine minerale

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9509781D0 (en) 1995-07-05
AU5896796A (en) 1996-11-29

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