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WO1996030082A1 - Procede d'evaluation d'un laser utilise en chirurgie ophtalmologique - Google Patents

Procede d'evaluation d'un laser utilise en chirurgie ophtalmologique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996030082A1
WO1996030082A1 PCT/US1996/003800 US9603800W WO9630082A1 WO 1996030082 A1 WO1996030082 A1 WO 1996030082A1 US 9603800 W US9603800 W US 9603800W WO 9630082 A1 WO9630082 A1 WO 9630082A1
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Prior art keywords
laser
ablation
cornea
topography
substrate
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1996/003800
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English (en)
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WO1996030082A9 (fr
Inventor
Francis E. O'donnell, Jr.
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Individual
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Priority to AU52573/96A priority Critical patent/AU5257396A/en
Publication of WO1996030082A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996030082A1/fr
Publication of WO1996030082A9 publication Critical patent/WO1996030082A9/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F9/00802—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photoablation
    • A61F9/00814—Laser features or special beam parameters therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00855—Calibration of the laser system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
    • A61F2009/00872—Cornea
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00878—Planning
    • A61F2009/00882—Planning based on topography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F9/00802—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photoablation
    • A61F9/00817—Beam shaping with masks
    • A61F9/00819—Beam shaping with masks with photoablatable masks

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of using rastophotogrammetry and Placido-disc video keratoscopy in ophthalmological surgery, more specifically, to a method of using rastophotogrammetry, and Placido-disc video keratoscopy to evaluate and calibrate a laser used in refractive surgery so as to measure the amount of unwanted lens effect delivered by an exci er laser or other ultraviolet or infrared laser beams.
  • Rastophotogrammetry has been used in ophthalmological surgery to measure the surface contour or the optic nerve head and to measure corneal surface curvatures. In the technique of rastophotogrammetry a series of parallel lines or a grid is projected on the surface to be measured.
  • Computerized digital analysis of a video image is performed to detect elevations or depressions of the surface being measured. Rastostereographic imaging is combined with image processing computer software to produce a model of the topography of the cornea, for example.
  • Prior art uses of the technique have been limited to measuring epithelialized corneal surfaces, before and after refractive procedures such as radialkeratotomy and excimer photo-refractive keratecto y. Although useful, prior art applications of the technique only measure epithelialized corneal topography before and after surgical intervention. There is no predictive value in this technique, that is, the rastophotogram only measures changes in the corneal topography retrospectively.
  • the laser used during surgery is not properly calibrated, the laser may have unwanted lens effect by removing corneal tissue in an uneven pattern leaving depressions (hot spots) or elevations (cold spots).
  • the goal of the surgery is to perform a uniform ablation with a uniform laser beam, i.e., a laser beam having no unwanted lens effect.
  • the prior art uses of rastophotogrammetry do not measure topographical changes in optic implants or on contact lenses.
  • Placido-disc videokeratoscopy can be used to determine surface contour, particularly to visualize and determine the surface contour of a "Contact lens" or artifical cornea.
  • the Placido-disc video keratoscope is a type of computerized videokeratography now available to ophthalmological surgeons.
  • the instrument allows the surgeon to measure and modify corneal curvature.
  • the basic videokeratograph instrument includes a light source projected onto the cornea. The modifications of the light by the corena is captured by a video camera and the information is analyzed by computer software. The data is displayed in a variety of formats including photographs and on a screen.
  • the Placido-disc imaging is an extension of the single mirror used in the kerato eter.
  • a series of rings is projected onto the cornea, and the reflected images are detected by a video camera.
  • Curvature data is derived from the measured distances between the rings.
  • the patient is placed before a corneascope projecting a 16-ring conical Placio-disc.
  • the scope is positioned in front of the cornea.
  • the instrument contains a video camera for image capture.
  • the computer digitizes or converts the data obtained from the video output into a form that can be analyzed.
  • a number of highly sophisticated programs convert the data into a series of color graphics displays. Hard copies can be obtained from a color printer or a camera.
  • the color graphics provide topographic maps.
  • Excimer laser photoref active keratectomy has some inherent limitations that make pre-treatment PRK calibration mandatory. For example, optic degradation in the delivery system can lead to a spotty deterioraion of UV wavelength transmission (See Fig. 6), resulting in hot spots and cold spots. Misalignment of optics can induce unwanted astigmatism. Axis alignment for correction of astigmatism error must be precise. Furthermore, as the gas is expended during lasing, the power output deteriorates.
  • the lensometer does not assess homogeneity of the ablation.
  • the higher dioptric corrections become increasingly difficult to read.
  • ultizone treatment regimens cannot be dissected and further complicate the determination of the endpoint.
  • some machines have rough, irregular ablation surfaces that preclude the use of a lensometer for calibration (Fig. 13).
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method of using rastophotogrammetry of Placido-disc videokeratoscopy before and after a laser ablation to confirm a uniform laser beam.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of confirming the desired lens effect of the laser beam on a calibration block.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method of quantifying the change in optic curvature of an intraocular lens imlant before and after laser treatment to alter the refractive power.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of evaluating a laser using an artificial cornea of a known dioptric power employing Placido-disc keratoscopy to measure the curvature of the artificial cornea to determine the effect of the laser beam on the artificial cornea.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method of performing ophthalmological surgery in which a rastophotogrammetry is performed on a deepithelialized cornea so as to measure the topography of the deepithelialized cornea before and after laser ablation of the cornea. It is another object of the present invention to overcome the problems associated with using a lensometer as a calibration tool for photorefractive keratectomy.
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
  • a method of evaluating an eye surgery laser wherein the effect of the laser ablation on various substrates is measured by performing rastophotogrammetry or Placido-disc videokeratoscopy on the substrate before, during, and after laser ablation to determine whether there is a uniform ablation and no unwanted effect.
  • the substrate can be a calibration block, and intraocular lens implant, a contact lens, an artificial cornea or a human cornea.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the use of rastophotgram etry to determine unwanted lens effect (i.e., hot or cold spots) of a laser beam;
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram demonstrating the use of rastophotogrammetry to confirm the desired lens effect of a laser beam
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram ilustrating the use of rastophotogrammetry in an ophthalmological surgical procedure
  • Fig. 4A is a diagram illustrating the use of rastophotogrammetry to evaluate a laser based on the effect on a contact lens of a known refractive powwer;
  • Fig. 4B is a diagram illustraing the use of Placido-disc videokeratoscopy to evaluate a laser base on the effect on an artificial cornea of a kown refractive power;
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the use of rastophotogrammetry to change the refractive index of an intraocular implant
  • Fig. 5A is a diagram illustrating use of rastostereophotogrammetry to evaluate the effect of a laser on an artificial cornea of a known refractive power
  • Fig. 6 is a UV transmission from an excimer laser showing spotty transmission due to optic degradation
  • Fig. 7 is a PMMA test ablation showing irregularities in the surface
  • Fig. 8 is a pre-ablation videokertoscope image of artifical cornea
  • Fig. 9 illustrates post-ablation appearance of artifical cornea
  • Fig. 10 are difference maps illustrating the quantitative effects of laser ablation of artifical cornea
  • Fig. 11 are maps illustrating pre-ablation topography (left), post-ablation topography (right) and quantitative effects of laser ablation (bottom);
  • Fig. 12 illustrates a lensometer ghost image endpoint in a PMMA flat block;
  • Fig. 13 illustrates an irregular ablation surface
  • Fig. 14 are rastosterographic images of pre-ablation PMMA cornea without a fluorescein dye
  • Fig. 15 are topographies of manufacturer's calibration sphere before (left) and after (right) application of proprietary coating and a difference map (bottom); and
  • Fig. 16 is a calibration cornea (PMMA) imaged using a polarizing filter. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
  • rastophotogrammetry is used to determine theamount of unwanted lens effect delivered by an excimer or other ultraviolet or infrared laser beam.
  • Rastophotogrammetry device used is as the type marketed by PAR Technology Corporation, Hartford, NY 13413.
  • a calibration block typically made of polymethylmethacrhrylate, is employed.
  • the rastophotogrammetry is used before calibration to evaluate the laser beam.
  • a rastophotogram is made of the calibration block, the laser is applied to the calibration block, and a rastophotogram is performed to see if the laser effect is a uniform ablation with no depressions (hot spots) or elevations (cold spots).
  • the rastophotogram confirms a uniform ablation of the calibration block. Confirmation of a desired lens effect is illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • a rastophotogram is made of the calibration block, the laser beam is applied to the calibration block, and a second rastophotgram is performed to confirm the desired lens effect in the calibration block.
  • the desired lens effect is 4,000 dioptric
  • the amount of calibration block material that is removed at each point along the radius of the calibration block can be computed and the actual amount removed compared quantitatively and qualitatively to the effect desired.
  • the astigmatic and multi-zone (aspherisity) correction desired can be calibrated and measured quantitatively.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the use of rastophotogrammetry in corneal surgery performed to alter the refractive index of the human cornea. As illustrated, a rastophotogram is made of a calibration block.
  • the laser is applied to the calibration block to determine the amount of albation and to determine whether or not there is unwanted lens effect. In this manner and through these steps, it can be evaluated whether the laser is properly calibrated before the laser is used on the human eye.
  • a rastophotogram is performed on a deepithelialized human cornea.
  • the laser is then applied to the deepithelialized cornea and ablation performed.
  • a rastophotogrammetry is performed to determine if the proper refractive index of the deepithelialized cornea has been achieved.
  • the steps may be repeated to validate repeated ablations. As illustrated in Fig. 3, under-correction can be avoided by continuing the treatment session until the desired amount of correction is achieved.
  • a surface dye can be applied to the deepithelialized cornea.
  • the rastophotogrammetry grid can be projected using various wave lengths and filters for optimal visualization of the projected grid. As shown in Fig. 15, a polarizing filter can be used to capture the image without the use of dye in the rastophotogram technique.
  • Fig. 4A illustrates the use of the rastophotogrammetry in the evaluation of the surgical laser using a contact lens of a known dioptric power.
  • a contact lens of a known dioptric power formed from polymethylmethachrylate is fastened to a holding block, such as previously described polymethylmethachrylate calibration block.
  • the contact lens can be constructed as an artificial cornea and can be white to facilitate imaging with the rastophotogra metric system.
  • rastophotogrammetry is performed on the contact lens front surface to get an accurate baseline reading of the topography of the front suface of the lens.
  • the laser is used on the front curvature of the lens.
  • a second rastophotogram is peformed to determine that the effect of the laser on the lens responds to the desired changed in the known dioptric power of the lens so that the laser can then be properly calibrated based upon the evaluation of the effect of the laser beam on the lens with known dioptric power.
  • the steps in the procedure may be repeated to validate the calibration.
  • Fig. 4B illustrates the use of Placido-disc videokeratoscopy in the evaluation of a surgical laser using an artificial cornea of a known dioptric power.
  • An artificial cornea of a known dioptric formed from polymethylmethachrylate or other appropriate material is fastened to a holding block, as previously described.
  • the artificial cornea can be black plastic to facilitate imaging with a videokeratoscope.
  • the artificial cornea should be colored all the way through to that ablation does not penetrate the colored layer only.
  • a Placido-disc videokeratoscope procedure is performed on the artificial cornea front surface to get an accurate baseline reading of the topography of the front surface of the cornea.
  • a first videokertograph of the topography is made.
  • a laser is uded on the present curvature of the artifical cornea.
  • a nonviscous, fine hydrophobic lubricant such as a thin oil, can be placed on the ablated surface of the artificial cornea to enhance visualization since the ablated surface loses its reflectively.
  • a second Placido-disc keratoscopy procedure is performed and a second videokeratograph is made. The first and second videokeratographs are compared to evaluate the ablating power of the laser.
  • Placido-disc video keratoscope procedures work poorly on deepithelialized cornea right after surgery.
  • the procedure works well for imaging the artificial cornea before and after ablation, as first described. Therefore, the Placido-disc keratoscopy can be used in connection with rastophotogrammetry in the surfical setting.
  • the effect of the laser on an artificial cornea can be determined by the use of Placido-disc video keratoscopy.
  • the laser is used to perform corneal ablation.
  • rastophotogrammetry is performed on the deepithelialized cornea to determine corneal topography. Corneal ablation is performed and a repeat rastophotogram is made and compared to the first to validate the laser action.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates the use of the rastophotogram to determine the effective laser adjustment of refractive index of an intraocular implant.
  • the rastophotogrammetry procedure is performed on the intraocular implant as to determine a base line.
  • the laser beam is applied to the intraocular lens implant to alter the curavature of the implant and thereby alter the refractive power.
  • the second rastophotogram of the intraocular implant is then performed to provide feedback mechanism to ascertain if the desired refractive change has been achieved. The procedure may be repeated until the desired change in refractive power is achieved.
  • laser holography (Eye Technology) can be used for topographical analysis, as well as vidoekeratoscopic techniques and rastostereography.
  • the pre-ablation plastic corneas provided high quality images, as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the ablated portion lacked sufficient reflectivity to capture an adequate image for videokeratoscopic tests.
  • a non-viscous coating to provide adequate reflectivity, taking care to avoid pooling.
  • Such a coating is a synthetic aliphatic hydrocarbon with viscosity of 100°, cst of 1.8 using the ASTM D-455 test method, having a specific gravity of 0.797.
  • Rastophotogrammetric images were obtained without a fluorescein dye or a reflective coating (Fig. 14).
  • the ablation rate (surface layer depth removed per pulse expressed as microns per pulse) in PMMA is about 1.8 to 3.5 times less that in human corneal tissue.
  • the Plastic To Cornea (PTC) conversion factor i.e., 1.8 to 3.5
  • the ablation rate in PMMA, and hence in cornea varies depending upon several factors including fluence (i.e. power density expressed in millijoules (mj) per centimeter squared (cm ).
  • Fluence can vary at least 5 to 8%, pulse to pulse, in
  • Variable fluence and other factors, such as optic degradation, mean that calibration on PMMA before photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is mandatory. For example, if the fluence is running high, then the PMMA ablation that is programmed for a -4 might read -4.5 on rastophotogrammetry and videokeratoscopic topographic machines. In this case, the surgeon enters in the laser's computer the resultant dioptric corecion of -4.5 and the laser is programmed automatically to figure that 4.50/4.00 9/8 the amount of material is ablated per pulse, as originally targeted.
  • Ablation on PMMA is repeated using 1/8 fewer pulses until the programmed (targeted) dioptric correction equals the realized (as measured by topography) correction in PMMA.
  • the corneal ablation rate material thickness per pulse
  • the PMMA ablation rate is multiplied by 1.8 to get the ablation rate for the cornea.
  • the ablation rate in PMMA is multiplied by 3.4 to the ablation rate in the cornea.
  • Fig. 5A illustrates the use of the rastostereophotogrammetry, in addition to rastophotogrammetry, in the evaluation of a surgical laser using an artificial cornea of a known dioptric power.
  • An artificial cornea of a known dioptric power formed from polymethylmethacrylate or other appropriate materials is fastened to a holding block, as shown.
  • the artificial cornea can be of white plastic or fluorescin-impregnated plastic to facilitate the imaging with the laser.
  • the artificial cornea should be colored or fluorescin-impregnated all the way through so that ablation does not penetrate the colored or fluorescin-impregnated layer only.
  • the rastostereophotogrammetry procedure is performed on the artifical cornea front surface to get an accurate base line reading of the topography of the front surface of the cornea.
  • a first rastostereophotogrammetry of the topography is made.
  • a laser is used on the present curvature of the artificial cornea.
  • a second rastophotogrammetry procedure is performed and a second image is made. The first and the second images are compared to evaluate the ablating power of the laser.
  • This procedure works well for imaging the artificial cornea before and after ablation, as initially described. Therefore, rastophotogrammetry is useful in this type of surgical setting.
  • the effect of the laser on an artificial cornea can be determined by the use of rastophotogrammetry.
  • the laser is used to perform corneal ablation.
  • the rastophotogrammetry is performed on the deephithelialized cornea to determine corneal topography.
  • Corneal ablation is performed and a repeat rastophotogram is made and compared to the first to validate the laser action.
  • the purpose of this procedure is to attain the desired change in the refractive power of the cornea.
  • the laser also can be used to ablate an intraocular implant.
  • the ablation rate inside the eye will have a plastic-implant conversion factor (PIC factor) depending upon the type of laser system. Nevertheless, the ablation rate in PMMA can vary, so pretreat ent determinations are mandatory.
  • PIC factor plastic-implant conversion factor

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un procédé d'utilisation, en chirurgie ophtalmologique, de la rastophotogrammétrie et de la vidéokératoscopie par disque de Placido afin de calibrer un laser chirurgical. On mesure les résultats de l'ablation par laser sur divers substrats en effectuant une rastophotogrammétrie ou une vidéokératoscopie par disque de Placido du substrat avant et après l'ablation par laser, ceci afin de déterminer si ladite ablation est uniforme et si le laser n'a engendré aucun effet indésirable. Le substrat peut être une unité de calibration, un implant de lentille intraoculaire, une lentille de contact, ou encore une cornée artificielle ou naturelle.
PCT/US1996/003800 1995-03-24 1996-03-21 Procede d'evaluation d'un laser utilise en chirurgie ophtalmologique Ceased WO1996030082A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU52573/96A AU5257396A (en) 1995-03-24 1996-03-21 Method of evaluating a laser used in ophthalmological surger y

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41049495A 1995-03-24 1995-03-24
US08/410,494 1995-03-24
US51480695A 1995-10-31 1995-10-31
US08/514,806 1995-10-31

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WO1996030082A1 true WO1996030082A1 (fr) 1996-10-03
WO1996030082A9 WO1996030082A9 (fr) 1996-11-28

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10333562A1 (de) * 2003-07-23 2005-02-17 Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag Verfahren, Vorrichtung und System zur Bestimmung eines Systemparameters eines Laserstrahl-Behandlungssystems

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4669466A (en) * 1985-01-16 1987-06-02 Lri L.P. Method and apparatus for analysis and correction of abnormal refractive errors of the eye
US5163934A (en) * 1987-08-05 1992-11-17 Visx, Incorporated Photorefractive keratectomy

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4669466A (en) * 1985-01-16 1987-06-02 Lri L.P. Method and apparatus for analysis and correction of abnormal refractive errors of the eye
US5163934A (en) * 1987-08-05 1992-11-17 Visx, Incorporated Photorefractive keratectomy

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10333562A1 (de) * 2003-07-23 2005-02-17 Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag Verfahren, Vorrichtung und System zur Bestimmung eines Systemparameters eines Laserstrahl-Behandlungssystems
US8303577B2 (en) 2003-07-23 2012-11-06 Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag Method device and system for determining a system parameter of a laser beam treatment system

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AU5257396A (en) 1996-10-16

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