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WO1996021965A1 - Machine electrique a flux axial adaptee pour servir de propulseur electrique pour vehicules et de generateur d'energie electrique - Google Patents

Machine electrique a flux axial adaptee pour servir de propulseur electrique pour vehicules et de generateur d'energie electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996021965A1
WO1996021965A1 PCT/IT1996/000007 IT9600007W WO9621965A1 WO 1996021965 A1 WO1996021965 A1 WO 1996021965A1 IT 9600007 W IT9600007 W IT 9600007W WO 9621965 A1 WO9621965 A1 WO 9621965A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axial flux
electric machine
rotor discs
machine according
winding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IT1996/000007
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Federico Caricchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza
Original Assignee
Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza filed Critical Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza
Priority to AU43548/96A priority Critical patent/AU4354896A/en
Publication of WO1996021965A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996021965A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0092—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/44—Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • This invention broadly relates to axial flux electric machines and will be described with particular reference to electric motors as used for propulsion purposes and it specifically but not restrictively concerns an axial flux electric motor adapted for vehicle propulsion.
  • a 30 kW (40 HP) thermal propulsor apparatus as typically used on a small size vehicle, generates a torque of about 50 Nm at 5500 rpm and this torque can easily be obtained by a conventional electric motor.
  • the same power of 30 kW is transmitted to the wheels by imparting a torque of about 250 Nm at 1100 rpm through the usual reducer members.
  • a conventional propulsion system is used, therefore, it is necessary "to match" the mechanical characteristics of the propulsor apparatus to the user apparatus (driving wheels) by means of transmission members.
  • the transmission system comprising a speed gear, drive shafts, couplings, differential gear and so on, is usually a complex system and, in addition to causing unavoidable power losses, it introduces weights and encumbrances that should be kept to a minimum, particularly in an electrically moved vehicle.
  • the propulsor system according to this invention utilizes newly designed electric motors, directly coupled to the driving wheels of a vehicle and housed within the tire rim of the concerned wheels.
  • the particular construction of these motors enables high torque figures to be achieved with small material weights and the torque requested by the driving wheel having the motor housed therein to be generated.
  • Such approach has noticeable advantages with respect to conventional ones; in fact, any transmission member as normally interposed between the motor and the driving wheels is omitted and consequently the weights and the encumbrances are reduced and the efficiency of the propulsor apparatus as a whole is increased.
  • the electric motor according to this invention is a tri-phase, synchronous, permanent magnet, axial flux machine, hereinafter designated for simplicity purposes as an axial flux machine.
  • the concerned axial flux machine differentiates from synchronous conventionally constructed machines in respect of the direction of the magnetic flux, which appears to be axial rather than radial; due to this difference, this machine has a radial extension noticeably increased with respect to its axial extension.
  • Figure 1 is a partial cross-section view of an axial flux motor according to this invention, as housed within a vehicle wheel;
  • Figure 2 is a front (axial) view of a rotor disc of the motor shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the rotor disc from the permanent magnet side
  • Figure 3A is a side view of the rotor disc
  • Figure 3B is a side cross-section view of the rotor disc, taken along line A-A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the stator core with some coils
  • Figure 5 is a view of a pole detail
  • Figure 5A is a cross-section view taken along line A-A of Figure 5;
  • Figure 6 is a view of a coil detail
  • Figure 6A is a cross-section view taken along line A-A of Figure 6.
  • the rotor section comprises two discs 10A, 10B of solid iron, fixedly joined together by means of a peripheral ring 11; the generated torque is transmitted to the load member by rigidly connecting a rotor disc 10A to wheel 12 of the vehicle.
  • Rotor discs 10A, 10B are designed so as to support permanent magnets 13 which are arranged with homonymous poles facing to one another and are magnetized in axial direction.
  • a stator magnetic core 14 consisting of a tape of magnetic steel sheet material spirally wound so as to form a toroidal structure, is arranged between said rotor discs 10A and 10B.
  • the lamination direction of said stator core 14 accounts for the behavior of the magnetic flux in the stator, which is axially struck and is subsequently run through according to concentric paths.
  • the above mentioned stator in addition to forming the magnetic flux reclosure circuit, is also designed in order to support the armature winding, that is the sole winding used in a machine according to this invention, since no excitation winding is employed therein.
  • the winding is formed by coils 15 arranged at diametral pitch and wound around toroidal core 1 : said winding being also completely impregnated with epoxy resin 16 that, in addition to well known functions, imparts simplicity and compactness features to the machine.
  • stator assembly 14, 15, 16 is supported between two rotor discs 10A, 10B by means of two axial bearings 17.
  • stator core 14 enables both sides of coil 15 to be utilized, said sides being run through by currents of opposite directions and, since they face to two gaps with homonymous polarity magnets, they generate a torque equal to the sum of the contributes due to the single interactions in both gaps.
  • the noticeable radial extension of said stator core 14, with respect to its axial extension, enables to optimally exploit the conductors, since only the portion facing to the gap contributes to generating the electromagnetic torque, thereby distinguishing from the conventional machines having long front connections.
  • stator winding 15 When the machine is operated as a motor, the phases of stator winding 15 are provided with currents having suitable waveform and frequency. The interactions between the currents flowing in the active sides of the winding and the axial magnetic field generated by said permanent magnets 13 generate a driving torque which upon overcoming the resistant torque rotates the rotor as well as the wheel rigidly connected thereto.
  • the axial flux machine according to this invention is reversible: when rotor 10A, 10B is rotated by a driving torque externally applied to the machine, induced electromotive forces are generated within the conductors forming the stator winding 15.
  • the axial flux machine If the axial flux machine is connected to a load (for instance, braking resistances or storage batteries) , it operates as an electric power generator which converts mechanical energy into electric power and, when it is used as a propulsor apparatus for an electric vehicle, it is possible to brake the vehicle by converting the cynetic or potential energy of the concerned vehicle into chemical energy (accumulators) , possibly making it available for a subsequent utilization thereof, thereby distinguishing from mechanical braking, wherein such energy is fruitlessly converted into heat.
  • a load for instance, braking resistances or storage batteries
  • the axial flux machine is effectively comprised of four essential components: - a stator core, - a stator winding, - rotor discs, permanent magnets.
  • the stator core is a toroidal core 14 made by magnetic steel sheet material.
  • the manufacture of said core is started by a tape of magnetic steel sheet material, having a thickness of 0.3 mm, for instance, spirally wound about a circular former, by overlaying the individual turns upon one another, until the desired radial thickness is achieved.
  • the end portions of the tape are fixed by an electric welding operation and the completed core is resin impregnated under vacuum in well known manner, so as to impart rigidity thereto.
  • stator winding is formed by individual coils 15, 15A, 15B, ... each consisting of a number of turns of an insulated conductor, wound around said stator core 14.
  • the winding operation can be carried out by means of conventional winding machines.
  • the two end terminals of each coil 15 are connected to the end terminals of other coils in order to realize the winding phases and the phase terminals .of the winding are connected to a terminal board for supplying electric power to the machine.
  • the rotor discs 10A, 10B as shown in Figures 2, 3, 3A and 3B are made of a steel material having good magnetic characteristics and they can be made by starting either from a plate or from a steel rod, according to the radial size and to the desired thickness.
  • each pole of the machine comprises one or more permanent magnets 13, 13A, ... arranged so as to form poles of the desired shape (rectangular, trapezoidal, and like) and glued to the inner surface of the above mentioned two rotor discs 10A, 10B.
  • the individual magnets can be previously magnetized when they are mounted upon the rotor disc or they can be magnetized after having been mounted thereupon. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the surface of a rotor disc upon which the magnets are glued could be provided with suitable recesses designed so as to aid positioning the magnets as well as to increase their mechanical strength, so as to be able to withstand severe centrifugal stresses.
  • connection which rigidly connects the two rotor discs with one another is made by means of an outer circumferential ring member 11, attached to the discs by means of suitable screw bolts (the threaded holes of which can be observed in the cross-section view of Figure 3B) or by means of an inner hub.
  • the axial flux machine according to this invention is perfectly reversible and is adapted to operate either as a motor or as a generator. Use of a machine of this kind appears to be particularly advantageous in all those applications where a high torque and a low rotation velocity are required.
  • Some application examples include the electric propulsion of road vehicles, the electric propulsion of boats, the generation of electric power by means of slow propulsor motors, such as the aerian and hydraulic turbines, the actuators for positioning antennas, telescopes and like.
  • an axial flux machine When it is compared to a conventional electric machine, an axial flux machine according to this invention has a very high ratio electromagnetic torque/weight of active materials.
  • This feature which derives from the particular construction "disc” shape, enables an extremely compact and light machine to be obtained, under the same employment specifications, also characterized by a high efficiency both in view of the permanent magnets used therein and in view of the particular winding type.
  • the machine according to this invention is particularly adapted to realize "multi ⁇ stage" machines, namely composite machines comprising a number of unit machines axially assembled by alternatively arranging a number of stators and rotors.
  • the multi-stage structure permits such machines to be manufactured and operated as modular units, thereby achieving a number of advantages both in the manufacturing process and in the operation of the machine itself.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Machine électrique à flux axial adaptée pour servir de propulseur électrique pour véhicules et de générateur d'énergie électrique, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte sensiblement les composants suivants: un noyau de stator à structure feuilletée (14); un enroulement de stator (15) composé de plusieurs bobines individuelles (15A, 15B, ...) dont chacune comprend un certain nombre de spires d'un conducteur isolé enroulé sur ledit noyau de stator (14); une paire de disques de rotor (10A, 10B) en acier présentant de bonnes propriétés magnétiques, reliés l'un à l'autre et écartés l'un de l'autre dans le sens axial de manière à accueillir ledit noyau de stator (14) et l'enroulement associé (15); et plusieurs aimants permanents (13) disposés de telle manière qu'ils forment des pôles de forme quelconque, ces aimants permanents (13) étant collés aux faces internes desdits disques de rotor (10A, 10B) dans des positions opposées par rapport audit enroulement de stator (15), disposés de sorte que leurs pôles homonymes sont en regard les uns des autres, et aimantés dans le sens axial.
PCT/IT1996/000007 1995-01-12 1996-01-04 Machine electrique a flux axial adaptee pour servir de propulseur electrique pour vehicules et de generateur d'energie electrique Ceased WO1996021965A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU43548/96A AU4354896A (en) 1995-01-12 1996-01-04 An axial flux electric machine, adapted for use as an electric propulsor for vehicles and as an electric power generator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT95RM000023A IT1278457B1 (it) 1995-01-12 1995-01-12 Macchina elettrica a flusso assiale, utilizzabile come propulsore elettrico per veicolo e generatore di energia elettrica.
ITRM95A000023 1995-01-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996021965A1 true WO1996021965A1 (fr) 1996-07-18

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/IT1996/000007 Ceased WO1996021965A1 (fr) 1995-01-12 1996-01-04 Machine electrique a flux axial adaptee pour servir de propulseur electrique pour vehicules et de generateur d'energie electrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4354896A (fr)
IT (1) IT1278457B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996021965A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004102773A1 (fr) * 2003-05-14 2004-11-25 Smart Motor As Dispositif conçu pour des machines electriques
WO2008003986A1 (fr) * 2006-07-07 2008-01-10 Imperial Innovations Limited Machine électrique montée dans une roue
US7557482B2 (en) 2006-07-31 2009-07-07 Caterpillar Inc. Axial-flux electric machine
WO2013079653A3 (fr) * 2011-12-02 2013-08-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Roue d'un véhicule électrique
US9421859B2 (en) 2011-12-02 2016-08-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Fiber composite wheel with electric motor and damping
EP1704087B1 (fr) 2003-12-15 2018-02-14 Steven Sullivan Procédé et appareil de freinage et de manoeuvre lors de l'atterrissage
IT201800003810A1 (it) * 2018-03-21 2019-09-21 Levi Dancona Pier Lorenzo Veicolo ibrido con ruote elettriche sterzanti
DE102023001269A1 (de) * 2023-03-31 2024-05-16 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Elektrischer Radnabenantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1884433A1 (fr) * 2006-08-03 2008-02-06 ANSALDOBREDA S.p.A. Bogie motorisé à roues indépendantes pour un tramway à plancher surbaissé

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4214483A1 (de) * 1992-05-07 1993-11-11 Dornier Gmbh Permanent-Magnet-Generator
WO1994009549A1 (fr) * 1992-10-09 1994-04-28 Allwine Elmer C Jr Moteur a courant continu sans balais comprenant un aimant composite

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4214483A1 (de) * 1992-05-07 1993-11-11 Dornier Gmbh Permanent-Magnet-Generator
WO1994009549A1 (fr) * 1992-10-09 1994-04-28 Allwine Elmer C Jr Moteur a courant continu sans balais comprenant un aimant composite

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CARICCHI F ET AL: "PROTOTYPE OF AN INNOVATIVE ELECTRICAL SCOOTER FOR APPLICATION IN ZERO-EMISSION URBAN MOBILITY", INTERNATIONAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE SYMPOSIUM, ANAHEIM, DEC. 5 - 7, 1994, vol. VOL. 2, no. SYMP. 12, 5 December 1994 (1994-12-05), ELECTRIC VEHICLE ASSOCIATION OF THE AMERICAS (EVAA), pages 470 - 478, XP000488446 *
SPOONER E ET AL: "'TORUS': A SLOTLESS, TOROIDAL-STATOR, PERMANENT-MAGNET GENERATOR", IEE PROCEEDINGS B. ELECTRICAL POWER APPLICATIONS, vol. 139, no. 6, 1 November 1992 (1992-11-01), pages 497 - 506, XP000343941 *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004102773A1 (fr) * 2003-05-14 2004-11-25 Smart Motor As Dispositif conçu pour des machines electriques
US7315105B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2008-01-01 Smart Motor As Device for an electrical machine
EP1704087B1 (fr) 2003-12-15 2018-02-14 Steven Sullivan Procédé et appareil de freinage et de manoeuvre lors de l'atterrissage
WO2008003986A1 (fr) * 2006-07-07 2008-01-10 Imperial Innovations Limited Machine électrique montée dans une roue
US8008817B2 (en) 2006-07-07 2011-08-30 Evo Electric Ltd. Wheel-mounted electrical machine
US7557482B2 (en) 2006-07-31 2009-07-07 Caterpillar Inc. Axial-flux electric machine
WO2013079653A3 (fr) * 2011-12-02 2013-08-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Roue d'un véhicule électrique
US9421859B2 (en) 2011-12-02 2016-08-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Fiber composite wheel with electric motor and damping
IT201800003810A1 (it) * 2018-03-21 2019-09-21 Levi Dancona Pier Lorenzo Veicolo ibrido con ruote elettriche sterzanti
DE102023001269A1 (de) * 2023-03-31 2024-05-16 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Elektrischer Radnabenantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug
WO2024199838A1 (fr) 2023-03-31 2024-10-03 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Entraînement de moyeu de roue électrique pour un véhicule à moteur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRM950023A1 (it) 1996-07-12
AU4354896A (en) 1996-07-31
ITRM950023A0 (it) 1995-01-12
IT1278457B1 (it) 1997-11-24

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