WO1996017869A2

WO1996017869A2 - Interleukin-6 (il-6) antagonists

Info

Publication number: WO1996017869A2
Application number: PCT/IT1995/000208
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gennaro Ciliberto; Carlo Toniatti
Original assignee: Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P Angeletti SpA
Current assignee: Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P Angeletti SpA
Priority date: 1994-12-06
Filing date: 1995-12-05
Publication date: 1996-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 1997-06-06
Also published as: CA2177837A1; CN1139933A; JPH09503232A; WO1996017869A3; EP0742794A1; AU4186696A; IT1274350B; ITRM940794A0; ITRM940794A1

Abstract

These are antagonists of interleukin-6, characterised in that they consist of soluble forms of the receptor alpha of human IL-6 (shIL-6R alpha ) containing one or more mutation in the gp130 binding interface. In a preferred embodiment, the mutations are present in a position chosen from the group comprising Ala 228, Asn 230, His 280 and Asp 281. These antagonists can be used as agents capable of preventing and treating diseases caused by abnormal IL-6 activity. The figure shows the antagonist activity of the mutant Ala228Asp/Asn 230Asp/His280Ser/Asp281Val in comparison with the agonist properties of wild type shIL-6R alpha . This antagonist can be used for preparation of drugs for the prevention, control and treatment of diseases caused by abnormal IL-6 bioactivity.

Description

INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) ANTAGONISTS

DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to the field of immunology. More specifically, the subject of the present invention are mutants- of the soluble forms of receptor α of interleukin 6 that interfere in a negative manner in the formation of the dimeric receptor complex between the monomeric receptor complex IL-6/sIL-6Rα and gp 130. A further subject of the invention is the use of these mutants as interleukin-6 antagonists to control, prevent and treat the diseases caused by abnormal IL-6 activity. The term "interleukin 6" or "IL-6", in the context of the present invention, means IL-6 and fragments, deletions, insertions, substitutions, mutations and modifications thereof that maintain the biological characteristics of wild IL-6. Unless otherwise specified, the term refers to human IL-6.

Interleukin-6 elicits a variety of biological responses on different target cells. However - while the physiological production of IL-6 regulates B-cells proliferation and maturation, T-cell activation and the production of acute-phase proteins in liver during inflammatory response - disregulated production of the cytokine plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases.

As is known from the state of the art, various attempts have been made to perfect IL-6 bioactivity inhibitors, both in order to study the role played by this cytokine in the genesis of single diseases, and in order to define drugs for treatment.

It is also known that the mature human IL-6 protein (h IL-6) is a 185 a ino acid polypeptide containing two disulfide bonds (Cys 45 - Cys 51, and Cys 74 - Cys 84) . IL-6 functions through interaction of two binding sites (known as site I and site II) with at least two specific receptors (IL-Rα and gp 130) on the surface of the target cells, creating a trimeric complex IL-6- (receptor)₂. This complex is formed sequentially: a first receptor (IL-6Rα) binds with low affinity to site I of IL-6 without transmitting the signal; subsequently a second receptor (gp 130) , after binding with high affinity to site II of IL-6, transduces the signal.

Based on this mechanism, hIL-6 mutants have been designed that are capable of binding a first receptor to site I, but incapable of dimerising the receptor because of mutations that sterically inhibit binding of the second receptor to site II. Mutants of this type have been described in WO 94/09138 (Cetus Oncology Corporation), and WO 94/011402 and PCT/IT 94/00095 (Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti S.p.A. ) .

It has now surprisingly been found, and this discovery forms the basis of the present invention, that soluble forms of the receptor α of IL-6 (sIL-6Rα) containing one or more mutations in the region interfacing with gp 130 are antagonists of interleukin 6.

In one embodiment, sIL-6Rct contains at least one mutation in a position chosen from Ala 228, Asn 230, His 280 and Asp 281. The mutations may, for example, be chosen from the group comprising: Asn230Asp (SEQ ID NO:l); Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp (SEQ ID NO:2); His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO:3).

In a preferred embodiment, sIL-6Rα contains multiple mutations in positions Ala 228, Asn 230, His 280 and Asp 281. A multiple mutation that has given good results is Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp/His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO:4).

The antagonists of IL-6, which according to the invention consist of soluble forms of the receptor α of IL-6, mutated in the interface that binds to gp 130, can be administered at concentrations therapeutically effective for the treatment and prevention of diseases related to abnormal IL-6 activity. For this purpose, the antagonists according to the invention are administered preferably by endovenous and/or subcutaneous injection. Experts in the field are well acquainted with these methods of administration.

Up to this point a general description of the invention has been given. A more detailed description of the invention will now be provided, with the aid of the following examples, in order to give a clearer understanding of the objects, characteristics, advantages and operating methods thereof.

Figure 1A shows resolution on SDS/PAGE gel (12%), in vitro, of the co-immunoprecipitates of mutants according to the invention with sgp 130 (soluble form of gp 130) marked using ³⁵S. Figure IB shows the position on the gel corresponding to the migrated ¹²⁵I-IL-6.

Figure 2 shows, in the form of a histogram, the different capacities of the wild type sIL-6Rα receptor and the sIL-6Rα receptors mutated to interact with gp 130 on the membrane of A 375 cells.

Figure 3 shows resolution on SDS/PAGE gel (12%), in vitro, of the co-immunoprecipates of sgp 130 marked with ³⁵S or with 2.0 μg of wild receptor or with 2.0 μg of mutant receptor (SEQ ID NO: 4) . Figure 4 shows the antagonist activity of the mutant SEQ ID NO: 4 on HepG2 cells in comparison with the agonistic properties of wild type shIL-6Rα.

Figure 5 shows resolution on gel of the complex formed by APRF with the DNA binding site (SIE, Serum Inducible Element) . (The mutant SEQ ID NO: 4 does not inhibit activation of OM-dependent APRF on HepG2 cells) .

Antagonists of IL-β according to the invention may be produced synthetically or using recombinant techniques. In the latter case the cDNA coding for sIL- 6Rα can be incorporated in a plasmid before being expressed in procaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Bacteria are the preferred procaryotic microorganisms. Alternatively, the cDNA coding for the sIL-6Rα mutants according to the invention can be introduced into mammal cells: these mammal cells can be chosen from the group comprising CHO, COS, C127, HepG2, SK Hep. Furthermore, the protein can also be expressed in insect cells (Sf9 or HighFive) using the well known recombinant Baculovirus technology (AcNPV strain) . Example 1 Preparation of sIL-6Rα mutants sIL-6Rα cDNA was obtained as a 5'EcoRI-3'XbaI fragment by PCR using the IL-6Rα complete cDNA as template (Sporeno E., Paonessa G., Salvati A.L., Graziani R., Delmastro P., Ciliberto G. and Toniatti C. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 10991-10995). The 3' primer was designed in order to introduce an artificial TAG stop codon at amino acid position 324 preceded by a six- histidine coding sequence. This was done to ensure that the sIL-6Rα and the mutants thereof produced by us have a six histidine "tail" at the carboxy-terminal end of the molecule, which can be useful for purification of the molecule using metal affinity chromatography. The fragment generated was then introduced into the COS-7 cells expression vector pcDNAI (Invitrogen) and sequenced in its entirety, thus obtaining plas id pC6FRH. Plasmid pCβFRH was in turn used as a template to obtain constructs coding for the following four mutants: Asn230Asp (SEQ ID NO: 1); Asn230Asp/Ala228Asp (SEQ ID NO: 2); His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO 3) and Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp/His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO: 4), by a two-step PCR as described in the past (Landt 0., Grunert H.P., and Hahn, U. (1990) Gene 96, 125-128).

The mutants were then expressed in COS-7 cells. For this purpose, the COS-7 cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% FCS, plus glutamine and antibiotics, at 5% CO:. For protein expression, 2.5xl0⁶ COS-7 cells were seeded in 100-mm tissue culture dishes and the next day transfected with 2 μg of the various shIL-6Rα expression vectors using the DEAE-dextran technique as described in Seed B., Aruffo A. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 3365- 3369. 16 h after transfection cells were split, replated in 100-mm dishes and grown in complete medium at 37°C. After 72-96 h the medium was collected, centrifuged and used for co-immunoprecipitation experiments and binding analysis. To monitor the expression level of each mutant, 2.5xl0⁵ transfected COS-7 cells were replated in 35-mm dishes and, 48 h after transfection, metabolically labeled with [³⁵S]methionine for 4h. The supernatants were i munoprecipitated with anti-human IL-6Rα monoclonal antibody I6R1/9.G11. The immunoprecipitated material was then analyzed by electrophoresis through a polyacrylamide gel containing SDS.

IL-6 binding analysis of mutants

To determine the affinity for IL-6 of the sIL-6Rα mutants contained in the conditioned COS cells culture medium, the six-histidine "tail" in the -proteins produced by us was used.

Appropriate amounts of transfected COS cells supernatant, previously determined in titration experiments and to which imidazole was added up to a final concentration of 5 M, were mixed with 20-40 pM ¹²⁵I-IL-6 and increasing concentrations of unlabeled cytokine. At equilibrium conditions, 40 μl of Ni^:*-NTA- Agarose (Quiagen) , a resin capable of selectively binding proteins containing histidine "tails", was added and incubation prolonged for one additional hour. The ligand bound by the receptor and, therefore, indirectly resin-associated, was separated from free ligand

(supernatant) by centrifugation through a cushion of 30* sucrose in PBS. All steps were performed at 4°C. The values of free and bound cp (radioactivity count per minute) allowed drawing of competition displacement curves. The apparent Kd of the various soluble IL-6 receptors was determined after Scatchard transformation of the results (see the article by Sporeno, Paonessa,

Salviati, Graziani, Delmastro, Ciliberto and Toniatti

(1994), J. Biol. Chem. 269, 10991-10995) . Analysis of binding data and curve fitting was done using the UltraFit software (Biosoft®) on a Macintosh computer.

As can be seen from Table 1, the binding affinity:

1) remains substantially unprejudiced for mutants Asn230Asp (SEQ ID NO: 1), Asn230Asp/Ala228Asp (SEQ ID NO:

2) ; b) is reduced in a slight but reproducible manner (between 2.5 nM and 6 nM) for His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID

NO: 3) ; and c) the activity of the wild type form is fully maintained for the mutant Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp/His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO: 4) .

TABLE 1

IL-6 binding affinity of soluble interleukin 6 receptor (wild and mutated) , labeled with histidine and expressed in COS cells

Mutant IL-6 binding affinity

nM

Asn230Asp ( SEQ ID NO : 1 ) 1 . 5 ± 1

Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp (SEQ ID NO : 2 ) 2 . 0 ± 1 His280Ser/Asp281Val ( SEQ ID NO : 3 ) 4 . 3 ± 2 Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp/ His280Ser/Asp281Val ( SEQ ID NO : 4 ) 2 . 5 ± 1 wild type sIL-6Rα 2 . 0 ± 1

Binding of mutants to gp!30

The IL-6-dependent formation of sIL-6Rα/sgpl30 heterodimers can be easily monitored in vi tro by co- immunoprecipitations with the use of suitable monoclonal antibodies. A selection was therefore made of the mutants showing an IL-6 binding affinity in the same order of magnitude as the wild-type and their binding to sgpl30 was evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation in the presence of IL-6. ³⁵S-labelled sgp 130 was incubated with ¹²⁵I-IL-6 (as an internal standard for the immunoprecipitation) and aliquots of transfected COS-7 cell culture medium, containing either native or mutant receptors. After in vitro binding, anti IL-6Rα mAb I6/R19.G11 was added to the mixtures and the immunoprecipitates resolved on SDS/PAGE gels. The results are shown in figure 1. As can be seen, the mutant His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO: 3) strongly reduced the association of the IL-6/ sIL-6Rα complex sgp 130 molecule (lane 4) . Also the single substitution mutant Asn230Asp (SEQ ID NO: 1) had decreased interaction with sgpl30 (lane 2) . The effect of this mutant on interaction with sgp 130 is of the same magnitude as that of mutant Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp (SEQ ID NO: 2) . Finally, the quadruple mutant Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp/His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO: 4) displayed the lowest ability to co-i munoprecipitate ³⁵S- gp 130 (lane 5) .

The receptor mutants were also tested for their ability to interact with gpl30 on the cell surface. For this purpose, binding experiments were performed on human melanoma A375 cells which have an excess of gpl30 molecules over IL-6Rα. In fact, binding of ¹²⁵I-IL-6 to A375 monolayers could be strongly enhanced by addition of the soluble receptor. This phenomenon is due to the ability of the sIL-6Rα to bind ¹²⁵I-IL-6 and subsequently to interact with the gpl30 molecules present on the surface of the cells. The specificity of this interaction is demonstrated by the fact that the increased binding of ¹²⁵I-IL-6 in the presence of sIL- 6Rα is competed by the addition of an excess of unlabeled human Oncostatin M (OM) (fig. 2) . This cytokine is able to bind directly to gpl30 and to compete the binding of the IL-6/IL-6Rα complex with gpl30. Unlike wild type shIL-6Rα, only a minor increase in specific binding was detected when cells were challenged with ¹²⁵I-IL-6 plus the soluble mutant receptors acting as antagonists (figure 2) . The greatest disturbance to interaction with gpl30 is shown by the mutants His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO: 3) and Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp/His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO: 4) . Demonstration that the mutant Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp/ His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO: 4) is an IL-6 antagonist

The results shown above indicate this mutant to be the one that, without any decrease in the affinity for IL-6, has the greatest effect on gpl30 binding. In order to study the biological activity of this mutant, its production and that of the wild type soluble receptor was scaled up using the MaxBac® system (Invitrogen' s Baculovirus Expression System) . The expressed and purified receptors were tested in immunoprecipitation experiments.

Sf9 cells, grown in Grace's insect medium, were used for transfection of transfer vectors, isolation of recombinant virus and preparation of high-titer virus stocks. High Five® cells (Invitrogen) were instead used for production of proteins. Briefly, 4xl0⁷ High Five® cells, grown in complete Grace's insect medium, were seeded into 750 ml flasks and infected with the appropriate recombinant virus at a MOI of 10. After 2 hours, cells were washed and SF-900 serum-free medium was added. The culture supernatants were harvested at 36 hours post-infection, dialyzed against PBS and directly loaded on a Ni²⁺-NTA-agarose column. After washing steps with PBS/8 mM imidazole, both wild type shIL-6Rα and mutant were eluted in PBS/80 mM imidazole. Purified protein was dialyzed against PBS and directly used or stored at 4°C for up to three weeks.

The use of purified proteins made it possible to quantify the amount of receptor and to compare the ability of wild type receptor and mutant receptor to interact with sgpl30 in the presence of a wide range of IL-6 concentrations. The results (figure 3) were in good agreement with those previously obtained with COS cell- derived receptors. Interestingly at each point of the curve the amount of co-immunoprecipitated gpl30 is lower for the mutant receptor than for the wild type receptor and this is true even at the highest concentrations of the cytokine tested (100 nM) . These findings confirm that the interaction between IL-6 and mutant sIL-6Rα generates a complex with lower affinity for gpl30.

To test the potential antagonism of the mutant for IL-6 activity, we chose the IL-6 dependent activation of transcription factor APRF (Acute Phase Response Factor) /STAT 3 in human hepatoma cells. Activation of APRF, which is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation, is a rapid cytoplasmic event which takes place within minutes of stimulation with all cytokines of the IL-6 family.

Human HepG2 cells were stimulated with increasing concentrations of IL-6 together with a fixed amount of wild type and mutant receptors (100 nM) . As shown in figure 4, while shIL-6Rα potentiated APRF induction by IL-6 (compare lanes 2-4 and 5-7 in figure 4), the soluble mutant receptor not only lacked any agonistic activity but instead down-modulated the activity of the cytokine

(figure 4, lanes 8-10) . As predicted from the co- immunoprecipitation experiments, the inhibition was complete when cells were treated with up to 20 pM IL-β

(lanes 8 and 9, figure 4) and only a weak induction was detected at the highest concentration of IL-6 (200 pM, lane 10 of figure 4) .

To test if antagonism was specific for IL-6, the mutant was added to HepG2 cells induced with the IL-6- related cytokine OM, which is also known to efficiently induce APRF phosphorylation. As shown in figure 5, the mutant did not antagonize OM activity. - -

SEQUENCE LISTING GENERAL INFORMATION (i) APPLICANT: ISTITUTO DI RICERCHE DI BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE P. ANGELETTI S.p.A. (ii) TITLE OF INVENTION:

(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: (iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS:

(A) ADDRESSEE: Societa Italiana Brevetti

(B) STREET: Piazza di Pietra, 39 (C) CITY: Rome

(D) COUNTRY: Italy

(E) POSTAL CODE: 1-00186 (v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM:

(A) MEDIUM TYPE: Floppy disk 3.5" 1.44 MBYTES (B) COMPUTER: IBM PC compatible

(C) OPERATING SYSTEM: PC-DOS/MS-DOS Rev. 6.22

(D) SOFTWARE: Microsoft Word 6.0 (viii) ATTORNEY INFORMATION

(A) NAME: DI CERBO, Mario (Dr.)- (C) REFERENCE: RM/X88470/PC-DC

(ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION

(A) TELEPHONE: 06/6785941

(B) TELEFAX: 06/6794692

(C) TELEX: 612287 ROPAT (1) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 1:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS

(A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids

(B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein

(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:

(A) SYNTHESIS: production as recombinant protein in eucariotic cells (ix) FEATURE:

(A) NAME: Asn230Asp - -

fC) IDENTIFICATION METHOD: Electrophoresis on a denaturing SDS/polyacrylamide gel

(D) OTHER INFORMATION: amino acid sequence of a mutant form of the interleukin 6 receptor from position 222 to position 236.

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 1: lie Thr Val Thr Ala Val Ala Arg Asp Pro Arg Trp Leu Ser Val 1 5 10 15

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 2: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS

(A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids

(B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no

(v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:

(A) NAME: Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp

(C) IDENTIFICATION METHOD: Electrophoresis on a denaturing SDS/polyacrylamide gel

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 2: lie Thr Val Thr Ala Val Asp Arg Asp Pro Arg Trp Leu Ser Val 1 5 10 15 (3) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 3:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS

(A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids

(B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein

(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:

(A) SYNTHESIS: production as recombinant protein in eucariotic cells (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME: His280Ser/Asp281Val

(C) IDENTIFICATION METHOD:Electrophoresis on a denaturing SDS/polyacrylamide gel

(D) OTHER INFORMATION: amino acid sequence of a mutant form of the interleukin 6 receptor from position 273 to position 287.

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 3: Leu Gin His His Cys Val He Ser Val Ala Trp Ser Gly Leu Arg 1 5 10 15

(4) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 4: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS

(A) LENGTH: 66 amino acids

(B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: no

(v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:

(A) NAME: Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp/His280Ser/Asp281Val

(C) IDENTIFICATION METHOD:Electrophoresis on a denaturing SDS/polyacrylamide gel (D) OTHER INFORMATION: amino acid sequence of a mutant form of the interleukin 6 receptor from position 222 to position 287.

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 4: He Thr Val Thr Ala Val Asp Arg Asp Pro Arg Trp Leu Ser Val T 1 5 10 15

Trp Gin Asp Pro His Ser Trp Asn Ser Ser Phe Tyr Arg Leu Arg P 20 25 30 Glu Leu Arg Tyr Arg Ala Glu Arg Ser Lys Thr Phe Thr Thr Trp Met

35 40 45

Val Lys Asp Leu Gin His His Cys Val He Ser Val Ala Trp Ser Gly 50 55 60 Leu Arg 65

Claims

1. Antagonist of interleukin-6 (IL-6), characterized in that it consists in soluble forms of the α receptor of IL-6 (sIL-6Rα) containing one or more mutations in the interface binding with gp 130.

2. Antagonist of interleukin-6 according to claim 1, in which sIL-6Rα contains at least one mutation in a position chosen from the group comprising Ala 228, Asn 230, His 280 and Asp 281.

3. Antagonist of interleukin 6 according to claim 1 or 2, in which sIL-6Rα contains the mutation Asn230Asp (SEQ ID NO: 1) .

4. Antagonist of interleukin 6 according to claim 1 or 2, in which sIL-6Rα contains the mutation Ala228Asp/Asn230/Asp (SEQ ID NO: 2) .

5. Antagonist of interleukin 6 according to claim 1 or 2, in which sIL-6Rα contains the mutations His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO: 3) .

6. Antagonist of interleukin 6 according to claim 1 or 2, in which sIL-6Rα contains the mutations

Ala228Asp/Asn230Asp/His280Ser/Asp281Val (SEQ ID NO: 4) .

7. Use of interleukin 6 antagonists according to claims 1 to 6, for the study and preparation of drugs capable of controlling, preventing and treating diseases caused by abnormal IL-6 activity.

8. Soluble receptors acting as IL-6 antagonists and their use, as described, illustrated and claimed above.